Broken computer blue screen. Why does my computer get a blue screen?

The death screen is triggered in Windows 7 by system errors categorized as critical. The OS hangs and the last changes made by the user are not saved.

The situation is not the most pleasant, but it is often encountered in computers with the "Seventh" modification of the system.

There is no general algorithm of actions for elimination of this problem, as it depends on the causes that caused it. Below are specific recommendations that should be taken to effectively resolve the situation that has arisen.

Why does the screen of death appear?

All the abundance of reasons causing BSoD, are classified into two large parts:

Software;
Hardware.

The first includes failures in system services, incorrectly installed software (including those that ensure the normal functioning of equipment - drivers), virus infections of a PC, software conflict, etc.

The second part of the causes of blue screens in computers on Windows 7, lies in the hardware. Record holders in popularity are such important PC components as hard drive and RAM.

Often, after a user has inserted an additional RAM strip into a PC, or because of its poor contact in the slot, a blue background with white letters will not be slow to greet the owner of the computer. Also, not infrequently, problems with the hard drive are the reasons for a critical error and an OS freeze.

The blue screen itself in Windows 7 is for informational purposes only. Its text contains recommendations for troubleshooting and notifies the user of the specific error codes that caused it.

That is why it is required to carefully study all the inscriptions displayed by the death screen. By rewriting or memorizing the error codes from the bottom of the screen, you can surgically accurately diagnose and quickly get rid of the problem.

Unfortunately, often the user does not have time to get acquainted with the displayed report, so this guide starts by accepting the cancellation of the automatic restart of the PC after an error occurs.

Computer settings

If the user did not have time to capture the necessary information from the screen, then a small PC setup will be required.

After that, it will be possible, after learning the code, to find an effective "medicine" that can cure an iron friend.

You need to do the following:

It is recommended to study the meaning of the error code on the bsodstop.ru resource. For example, "0x0000004e" may appear due to an incorrectly installed driver.

To find out exactly which software is causing the problem in the system, you should use the BlueScreenView application, which in automatic mode identifies files causing a fatal error. The user is only required to install and open the application.

By the detected file, you can find out for which hardware you need to reinstall the drivers. From the above figure, we can conclude about the difficulties with the graphics accelerator, since "ati2dvag.dll" is associated with the video card.

In this case, installing the correct software for the video accelerator will get rid of the screen of death.

After reinstalling the driver, you need to reboot the PC. If it was not possible to fix the problem, then it means that there are still other reasons.

Often an error occurs after updating or installing a new program, while the optimal way out of the situation is to roll back the OS.

Rollback

A new program or game is also a frequent culprit in system failures. In order to return the OS to a working state, it is necessary to perform the following sequential steps:

Installing OS updates

Microsoft experts are committed to their efforts to troubleshoot BSoD issues.

They continue to support the already outdated "Seven" and release upgrades that include "fixes" that fix system errors that cause a blue screen.

To update, you need to do the following:

The next most popular cause of problems is a banal lack of memory in the system partition of the hard drive. It won't take much time to check this version.

Out of memory

On the official resource of the Windows 7 developer it is written that at least 100 Mb is required for its functioning. free space on the system volume, however, practical experience has shown that for normal work"Sevens" are required to keep a fifth of the system volume free.

To make sure that there is enough space in the section, you just need to open "Computer" in the explorer.

After making sure that there is sufficient space for the functioning of the OS, you should proceed to the analysis of the presence of system errors through the event log.

Event log analysis

To do this, you need to take the following steps:

Antivirus and viruses

Often, simply disabling antivirus software will result in troubleshooting. If, after deactivating the protective application, the blue screen stops appearing, then you will need to completely remove the antivirus.

Malicious utilities also cause critical errors, and you need to regularly scan your PC for their presence. Many antivirus developers have versions of programs that run from removable media.

For example, "AVZ". By writing the application to a CD or USB flash drive, you can treat your PC from malicious utilities.

BIOS

Incorrectly entered parameters in the BIOS also often cause a failure. You can correct the situation by resetting the BIOS settings to the initial state - "default".

Equipment

The simplest revision of the worn out loops and the correctness of their connection sometimes allows you to quickly identify the cause of the failure.

If the user has relevant experience, it is required to open the system unit (SB) and check the connections of all computer components.

For example, when, based on the results of a careful examination of the information displayed on the very blue screen, it is found that there is no access to RAM, you will need to perform the following actions:

Turn off the PC;
De-energize the computer by disconnecting it from the power source;
Remove the SB cover and disconnect the RAM boards;
Wipe the contacts with a dry cloth and insert the equipment into place;
Start the PC;
Make sure the problem is fixed.

Similar activities can be done with the rest of the PC components, for example, with a hard drive and sound - video cards. If there is no positive result, then the failure of this component is possible and replacement with a new one is required.

Hardware diagnostics can be performed using special utilities. For example, "Windows Memory Diagnostic" allows you to identify problems with the RAM.

The application writes an image of the boot disk. This ISO must be cut into a CD and booted to the PC. The program will carry out testing in a cyclic mode.

Good day to all. You have had this - here you work, you work for yourself, you sit on the internet, and then bang a blue screen with white letters in English, all kinds of numbers, and you can return to work again only after pressing the reset () button on the case system unit? A similar phenomenon is called - Blue Screen of Death BSOD... The most unpleasant thing. Today I will tell you about this muck, what it is and how to deal with it.

General information

I will try to briefly outline what is Blue Screen of Death BSOD. This screen appears when a fatal error occurs in the Windows operating system due to which the operating system cannot continue. further work... All the system can do is write the cause of this error to a special dump file. Next, a message is displayed on the screen about the cause of the error and what caused it, then restart or not, depending on the settings. Everything else that you did not manage to save will be irretrievably lost. In general, the blue screen of death is not so bad on the one hand, because it signals to the user that there is serious problem that urgently needs to be resolved. If the screen appears once or twice, then, in principle, you can forget about it. but if he pops up regularly, then this is already a cause for concern.

Blue screen, what it looks like

When I first heard about this phenomenon, I thought: maybe I already had a similar case, after all, I saw a couple of such screens? Let's figure out which is which.

Bios Setup... BIOS settings screen. This is the program that contains the hardware settings of your computer. You can get into the BIOS only at the very beginning of the PC boot by pressing the Del key. If you accidentally pressed this key and saw this window, then do not be alarmed, this is not a blue screen of death. Press Esc to exit.

Check disk for errors screen, operation of the Chkdsk program... This program starts most often as a result of improper shutdown of the Windows system. For example, you have turned off the light, but there is no uninterruptible power supply. Or too lazy to wait for the system to shutdown, you simply unplug the plug. After a similar incident, this screen may pop up. OS to start as soon as the program Chkdsk will finish its work.

But this is already Blue Screen of Death BSOD

A red screen of death was detected in Win Vista. If you have met this, then know this is all the berries of the same field.

Causes of the Blue Screen of Death

Driver crashes. This is the most common reason.
Incorrect, "Left drivers".
Application conflict. This includes a malfunction of antivirus software ( if they were installed not one, but two), firewalls.
Equipment malfunctions (hardware). Overheating of the processor, defective RAM chips, or simply poorly inserted RAM chips into the slots, errors on the hard disk. Malfunctions of the video card, motherboard with the devices that are located on it.
Viruses, but this is rare.

Decryption

Now let's look at those hieroglyphs that appear on the screen.
The text we see before Technical Information, describes the error and what needs to be done to fix it.

Technical Information contains the following:

error code
the name of the driver in which the error occurred
error location address

Enabling recording of debug information (dumps)

So you and I are gradually moving on to practical actions. As mentioned above, at the time of a critical error, the system can save information about this error in a special file. By default, this feature is disabled on the system. You need to turn it on. And usually the computer immediately restarts after an error, this also needs to be fixed.

For users Windows XP:

Start— Control Panel – System— – Options— System failure.

Uncheck the box in the paragraph Writing debug information, put Small memory dump after press OK... There is also a small dump folder just below. Usually dump files are saved in C: WindowsMinidump.

For users Windows Vista / 7:
Start - Control Panel - System - Advanced - Startup and Recovery - Options... Uncheck the box Perform automatic reboot we press OK.

You can also force the blue screen. For what? And to find out the current problems operating system... This is done by double pressing the key. SCROLL LOCK while holding down the key CTRL... But for this to work, this function must be enabled. This is done like this:

Launch Registry Editor Start — Execute — Regedit
Moving on to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE - System - CurrentControlSet - Services - i8042prt - Parameters.
Create a new parameter DWORD With name CrashOnCtrlScroll and assign a value to it 1 .
Reboot your PC. Well, then, as written above, we squeeze CTRL and twice on SCROLL LOCK.

Analysis of BSOD dumps

In this section, I will tell you how you can practically identify the cause of the blue screen of death ( although this may not be the power of a novice user). Most often, blue screen problems arise precisely because of the drivers, then the analysis of the dump will help identify this driver and eliminate the cause of the error and further failures.

Program BlueScreenView designed for dump analysis. Free and easy to use. Download and install. After starting, point to the dump folder.

Eliminate the causes of the blue screen of death

Eliminating the causes can be very challenging task... But still, in some cases, this problem is completely solvable. Here's how to solve the most common cases.

At this point, you should already have the name of the file that is causing the error. The name of the file and the program or driver to which it belongs:

afw.sys, afwcore.sys and filtnt.sys — Agnitum Outpost.
spider.sys, dwprot.sys — Dr.Web.
rt *** and alc ***- driver for devices Realtek... Usually these are sound or network cards.
cnx ***- driver for devices Conexant.
nv ***- driver for devices nVidia... This is usually a video card.
ati ***- driver for devices ATI... This is usually a video card
ig ***- driver for devices Intel... Typically this is Intel's integrated video core.

When a problematic driver or program is found, then it should be updated or replaced with other versions. Check the RAM for errors with the program memtest86 since Often blue screen of death BSOD pops up as a result of memory problems.

Well, that seems to be all for now.

Good day, dear readers!

It is unlikely that any of the active computer users have not come across such a thing as a blue screen with a bunch of white inscriptions, which can only be gotten rid of by restarting the computer.

In this article I will tell you what it is, why it happens, and how to deal with it. The article turned out to be very long, but it sorted out all the moments from the reasons for the appearance of the blue screen of death, to their elimination.

Blue screens of death look different on different computers and operating systems (OS). V recent times they are no longer quite blue.

For example, the developers of the new Windows 8 are offering us such a blue screen with a depicted sad smiley face, its release is scheduled for 2012. This BSoD can be observed quite often when testing the capabilities of a new operating system. Perhaps this is one of the most positive, if I may say so about BSoD, blue screens of death.

However, some had to meet the red screen of death in early Windows versions Vista, which served as blue. In the older days of Windows 1.0 and Windows 2.0, the screen was completely black! The blue screen began to be called, starting in 1991, when such a name was proposed by Erik Noyes, an employee of one of the California companies. Since then, the concept of the "blue screen of death" has become generally accepted.

What is the blue screen of death

Concept that came from of English language and translated into our native language. Actually, as you already understood, BSoD and "blue screen of death" are one and the same thing. BSoD stands for Blue Screen of Death or Blue Screen of Doom. The official name of the phenomenon is Stop Error.

When you see a blue screen on your computer monitor, it indicates a critical system error. This way of informing the user about the failure that has occurred is typical for the Windows operating system.

So what is BSoD? In fig. 1, the CRITICAL_OBJECT_TERMINATION entry can be parsed. This is a blue screen of death error with code (technically correct - STOP code) 0x000000F4. A short notation is also used, with the discarding of zeros after 0x - 0xF4. Further in the article, just such an entry will be used when there are no other numbers. Blue screen of death codes are hexadecimal notation with a prefix 0x... This prefix is used for recognition by system services using the language C.

With the help of the STOP BSoD code, the system identifies the error that occurred and writes an entry to the system log for further analysis and prevention of an error in the future. The 0xF4 Blue Screen of Death error indicates a crash due to an unexpected termination of a system critical process or thread. We'll talk more about the meanings of the blue screen of death errors below.

More detailed information for advanced users is provided by the BSoD used in Windows XP / Vista / 7, the most common today, as well as Windows Server 2003.

Rice. 2. Blue Screen of Death in Windows XP / 2003 / Vista / 7 Using this BSoD, it is much easier for an advanced user to figure out what the problem is.

First, Microsoft notifies the user that the BSoD is caused by a shutdown to prevent the computer crashing. The following is the system file SPCMDCON.SYS - the culprit, according to Windows, of the emergency shutdown. Below is the very error of the blue screen of death PAGE_FAULT_IN_NONPAGED_AREA - indicates that the data contained in memory was not found. What follows is a guide for further actions by the user in order to prevent the occurrence of such an error in the future. Below is the technical information: STOP code 0x50 and again the SPCMDCON.SYS file, already with parameters.

Agree, this BSoD can lead to much more confusion for an inexperienced user than the one offered by the developers of Windows 8.

The most common blue screen of death codes

Let's list the most common blue screen of death errors. The following is short description the reasons why the blue screen of death is most likely to appear. However, to accurately diagnose the problem, you still need to refer to the error parameters and interpret them correctly using debug programs.

0xA - IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL - invalid address when accessing the device driver;
0x1E - KMODE_EXCEPTION_NOT_HANDLED - A kernel-mode process is trying to execute an invalid instruction.
0x24 - NTFS_FILE_SYSTEM - failure in the NTFS file system;
0x2E - DATA_BUS_ERROR - parity error in random access memory;
0xB4 - VIDEO_DRIVER_INIT_FAILURE - video driver initialization error;
0xB9 - CHIPSET_DETECTED_ERROR - motherboard chipset is faulty;
0xC2- BAD_POOL_CALLER — error in memory allocation operation;
0x4E - PFN_LIST_CORRUPT - damaged I / O structure of the driver;
0x50 or 0x8E - PAGE_FAULT_IN_NONPAGED_AREA - there is no data requested from memory;
0x69 - IO1_INITIALIZATION_FAILED - system initialization failed;
0x77- KERNEL_STACK_INPAGE_ERROR - reading the requested kernel page is impossible;
0x79 - MISMATCHED_HAL - hardware incompatibility;
0x7A - KERNEL_DATA_INPAGE_ERROR - error reading into physical memory;
0x7B - INACCESSIBLE_BOOT_DEVICE - no access to the system partition of the disk;
0x7F - UNEXPECTED_KERNEL_MODE_TRAP - unexpected error in the kernel;
0xD1 - DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL - driver error, memory address is not available;
0xF3 - DISORDERLY_SHUTDOWN - Windows could not shutdown due to insufficient memory;
0xC0000135 - STATUS_DLL_NOT_FOUND - error while loading the library;
0xC000021A - STATUS_SYSTEM_PROCESS_TERMINATED - error of a service running in user mode;
0xC0000221- STATUS_IMAGE_CHECKSUM_MISMATCH - driver file not found or damaged.

If your blue screen of death error is not in this list, then you can find it on the Microsoft technical support sites. It contains an explanation of the most likely causes of failure for each error, as well as the interpretation of BSoD parameters - this is necessary for a quality troubleshooting of the problem leading to the appearance of BSoD.

Blue screen of death, what to do

Why does the blue screen of death appear? There can be a lot of reasons. In general, BSoD occurs when a critical error occurs while executing kernel or driver code in kernel mode.

The blue screen of death appears, for example, when any changes have been made to the hardware of the computer: replacement or installation of a video card, audio adapter, hard drive, controllers and PCI and PCI Express bus devices. The driver for these devices may be poorly or incompatible with the existing configuration of the computer, which leads to problems and the appearance of BSoD.

When BSoD appears, only restarting the computer helps, as a result of which all unsaved user data will be lost.

The user has the option to manually invoke BSoD. This is only done if there is no other way to detect a system malfunction. To call BSoD, it is possible to assign a specific combination of "hot" keys. Therefore, in an unfavorable combination of circumstances, the user can inadvertently cause the appearance of BSoD.

Do not overuse the manual BSoD invocation procedure to avoid information loss or software problems. In addition, the artificially induced blue screen of death will not display the information the user needs. You can also encounter difficulties in the hardware dependence of this procedure: in particular, there are restrictions on calling BSoD from keyboards with a USB connector. More detailed information about invoking the blue screen of death can be obtained from Microsoft document Q244139.

So, the blue screen of death appears, what to do in this case? The only thing you can do in this moment is to reboot. Further, if you are a fairly experienced user and are not afraid of working with debuggers (debuggers), then there is a solution. Microsoft Corporation has developed a comprehensive solution to determine the cause of BSoD. Debugging Tools for Windows with support for 32 and 64-bit OS, which is included in Microsoft SDK for Windows.

Reasons for the appearance of the blue screen of death

The change BIOS settings produced on hastily may also be the cause of BSoD. If you do not remember exactly what changes were made (especially if several changes were made), then the best solution to avoid the blue screen of death error, it will be to bring the BIOS settings to the default state (default).

There are viruses that are designed to infect the Master Boot Record (MBR) as well as the boot sector. They can also cause malfunctions and a blue screen of death error. You can check your computer for viruses by booting from a recovery disk with antivirus installed. Many antivirus companies, such as Kaspersky Lab, for example, offer in their solutions the function of creating a CD from an existing distribution kit. In addition, you can download a ready-made image from the company's servers. You can also check the status of the MBR with the AVZ antivirus utility. You can read more about working with the utility at the link.

Memory problems. Diagnostics

Often faulty and sometimes unequal RAM modules can cause a blue screen of death error. If you notice that after installing, re-installing, replacing RAM modules, the OS does not load or a blue screen of death appears, you can try installing memory modules in other DIMM slots or swapping DDR slots - this often solves the memory problem. However, problems can lie in something else, and you can identify the cause of this by diagnosing RAM using the standard Windows memory checker. The utility is available in Windows 7 and Vista (for Windows XP, you can use the Windows Memory Diagnostic utility)

Let's see how the diagnostic tool works:

2. In the window that opens, select from the list "Windows Memory Checker" (usually the third from the bottom).

3. In a new window, Windows will offer you to choose from two options: "Restart and check (recommended)" and "Run check the next time you turn on the computer."

4. Close all open programs so as not to lose any data, and click "Restart and check (recommended)".

The computer restarts and the memory test runs. Typically, the test is performed in two passes. The screen shows both the percentages for the current pass and the total. After the test is completed, it will reboot and display the test results.

Rice. 3. Checking the computer for memory problems There is another option - to test the state of the RAM from the boot disk (Windows Vista and Windows 7 only). For this:

1. Go to BIOS and set the CD-ROM (DVD-ROM) as the first boot device in the BOOT menu, then exit the BIOS and save the settings.

2. After rebooting, the bootloader will display the message "Press any key to boot from CD", press any key.

3. Wait while Windows downloads the files. In the Windows Setup window, click Next.

4. Select "System Restore", wait.

5. Leave all the settings in the "System recovery options" window by default ("Use recovery tools ...") and click "Next".

6. Select Windows Memory Diagnostics from the list provided.

7. In the new window, select 1 of 2 options. For example, "Reboot and Check (Recommended)" to start checking the memory immediately.

The computer will reboot and the memory test will begin.

Hard disk diagnostics

Hard disk drive (HDD) problems can also be the cause of the Blue Screen of Death error. Windows utility CHKDSK allows you to check your hard disk for errors and bad sectors. With this utility it is possible to recover damaged HDD sectors. To run the check, follow these steps:

1. Open Windows Explorer.

2. Right-click on the section you want to check and select "Properties".

3. In the new window, select the "Service" tab.

4. At the top of the tab, click on the "Check" button.

5. A new window "Check disk" Disc name "" will open. The user can choose 1 of 4 options for checking the disk, depending on which items he ticks. If you just want to know if your disk has errors, uncheck the box at the top. In this case, Windows will not fix system errors. You can also conduct a comprehensive research and recovery of damaged HDD sectors by selecting both items. Attention! Windows will not be able to automatically fix system errors and recover bad sectors while the selected partition is active, i.e. in use. Therefore, a system reboot may be required to complete the check. In this case, in the warning window that appears, click on the "Schedule disk check" button. After restarting the PC, a disk check and user-selected actions will be performed. For more information on how CHKDSK works, check out this.

6. Click the "Run" button and wait for the test results.

After verification, a new window will display both brief and detailed information about the status of the tested partition.

Rice. 4. Checking the hard disk If the CHKDSK utility has done its job, and disk errors occur again, you can conduct a deeper test. To do this, you need to resort to using utilities developed by hard drive vendors.

In addition to the ability to diagnose the state of a disk drive from the outside, all modern HDDs and SSDs (solid-state drives) are manufactured with the manufacturer's built-in self-monitoring and self-testing capabilities, as well as an estimate of the time of the supposed failure of the device. This is S.M.A.R.T. To access the diagnostic data of this technology, you need to use one of the programs that can read the data transmitted by the disk controller program. There are paid and free programs that support this feature. One of the modern free software is CrystalDiskInfo

Rice. 5. S.M.A.R.T. using CrystalDiskInfo As you can see in the screenshot, the program provides all data on the disk, including its current temperature, the number of starts, the total number of hours of operation. Below in the list are technical data, which can be used to judge the physical wear and tear of the disk. The current and worst values are the actual performance of this disc at the moment and ever, respectively. The threshold is the value below which the manufacturer of this hard drive cannot guarantee stable and uninterrupted operation of the device.

Despite the seeming flawlessness of the technology, in practice, many companies and individuals complain that hard drive failure often occurs with normal S.M.A.R.T. Therefore, you can trust this technology only with an eye on the possible erroneous data, which nevertheless does not implore all the advantages of this technology.

Memory dump

For a qualitative perception of the information below, we will give a definition of the concept of a memory dump. Memory dump - the contents of the working memory of one process, kernel, or the entire OS. A memory dump contains technical information about the state of a system or an individual program.

It should also be noted that memory dumps are different.

By default, in modern operating systems such as Windows XP / Vista / 7 (hereinafter we will consider only these Windows operating systems as the most common), when the blue screen of death appears and you restart the computer, a debug record is created in the MEMORY kernel memory dump file. DMP. It will contain all the information necessary to diagnose the cause of the failure and prevent it in the future.

Full memory dump contains comprehensive information about the state of the system and problems. The OS also saves this information to the MEMORY.DMP file by default.

A small memory dump can be used to create a dump file. It contains only general system information, which is often not enough to correctly diagnose the cause of the blue screen of death error. It is only appropriate to create a small memory dump file in cases where disk space is extremely limited. If you are comfortable with disk space, it is best not to use a small memory dump to create a dump file.

So, by default, when Windows XP / Vista / 7 crashes, it creates a memory dump file MEMORY.DMP and writes debug information to it, the parameters of the crash. The dump file MEMORY.DMP is then saved to the% SystemRoot% folder. Subsequently, the dump file can be sent to the developers to find out the cause of the BSoD.

Also, the user can carry out self-configuration preservation of technical information in case of system failure. Let's configure the OS recovery options. To do this, we will sequentially perform the following actions:

If you are using Windows 7 or Windows Vista:

1. Go to "Start", "Control Panel" and select "System" or right-click on the "Computer" icon and select "Properties".

2. At the bottom of the left column, click "Additional system parameters".

3. Go to the "Advanced" tab.

If you have Windows XP, then do the same, except for the 2nd step.

Rice. 6. Configuring OS recovery parameters In the new "Startup and Recovery" window, OS boot parameters and actions in case of its failure are presented. Here you can choose the most appropriate BSoD recovery options. In particular, the user can choose from which memory dump the dump file will be written. And also change the name of this file and the directory where it will be saved. Note that you should not change the name of the dump file if you intend to subsequently send it to Microsoft or other developers for analysis.

1. The problem of the compatibility of the drivers of the hardware filling of the computer, although not the only, but the main reason why the blue screen of death appears. Therefore, you need to keep your computer device drivers up to date. Moreover, what is important, this should be done only from the official sites of hardware manufacturers or from the sites of their partners. Otherwise, you risk getting a virus or malfunction of the device for which the driver is intended.

2. Install software products only from well-known and well-established companies that value their reputation and are responsible for the stable and uninterrupted operation of their software.

3. Be sure to download all the latest software and OS updates to fix incompatibilities and vulnerabilities. The blue screen of death also appears when the program cannot correctly interact with the system kernel: it can be incorrectly written code, for example, leading to a loop, or vulnerabilities through which viruses, exploits, rootkits and other infections can enter the program code. capable of disabling hardware, among other things.

4. Viruses are one of the possible causes of BSoD. For stable operation of the OS and programs, use a good antivirus with a firewall (firewall) or an integrated solution of the Internet Security class.

5. If a blue screen of death error occurs and appears frequently, entrust the solution to the problem to specialists, if you yourself are not 100% confident in their abilities. There is absolutely no advertising in this. The point is that if you are using licensed software, you are entitled to free technical support. In addition, in addition to Microsoft, today such services are provided, for example, by some antivirus developers.

6. When BSoD appears and then restarts the computer, all unsaved data is lost. To keep your information safe, back up your data to external storage devices.

7. Computers, like people, do not last forever. They too get sick, get old and die. Too old and outdated computers can jeopardize the efficiency of your work. Moreover, the computer should give its user pleasure, and if it constantly fails, which is typical in to a greater extent for a PC with experience, then there is no need to talk about it. Blue screens of death appear more often on obsolete computers when hardware developers stop supporting their products.

8. Computers need cleaning. It is necessary not only to wipe, purge the computer components, but also to clean the system from the piling up temporary OS files and programs, as well as other informational debris that is of no value. It also prevents BSoDs.

Take another look at the BSoD images at the beginning of the article. The main task of the blue screen of death is to warn the user about the malfunctions of his computer and prevent possible negative consequences. Therefore, you do not need to be afraid of BSoD, but you need to reason in this vein: the blue screen of death, what to do? And then you need to work with this problem until you fix it.

I hope, dear readers, you enjoyed the article and was useful. Health to you and your computer!

When loading or running the Windows operating system, an error or crash may occur, resulting in a blue screen with white text.

Moreover, in this case, you can only reboot the computer, since other actions will be unavailable. It is for this reason that this very screen is called the "blue screen of death" (BSOD).

What it is

The appearance of a blue screen of death means that the operating system has crashed. The reason for this failure can be very varied. A similar problem can happen to anyone, so you need to know what to do if a BSOD appears.

There is no need to worry and fuss too much. It is recommended to reboot the system unit, and all unsaved data will be lost.

Often the problem disappears when you reboot, but it is still useful to know the reason for the failure. To do this, you need to analyze a certain line located on the blue screen of death, which contains an error check line and an error check code, in order to find information on them on the Internet.

System Setup

In order to be able to diagnose the problem and fix it in the event of a critical failure in the operating system, the operating system must be specially configured.

This requires:

check that the memory dump is enabled in the Windows settings;
guided by required size a memory dump file, you need to check if there is enough free space on the system disk for its location;
disable restarting the operating system after the BSOD appears.

Windows XP

To configure the settings for the Windows operating systemXPnecessary:

enable recording of debug information, namely go to:

specify how much debug information should be written in the event of a failure.

WindowsVista / 7

Windows Vista / 7 settings are similar to Windows XP settings.

Windows 8

In Windows, you can configure settings so that the operating system does not restart automatically. In Windows 8, this requires:

right-click on the “Computer” icon and then select the “Properties” line from the menu that appears;
in the left menu of the active window select the item “Additional system parameters”;
click on the "Additional" section;
in the "Startup and recovery" field, select the "Options ..." item;
in the "Startup and Recovery" window, uncheck the box next to the "Perform automatic restart" item;
additionally, it is necessary to change and save the options for saving debug information. To do this, it is recommended to select the value “Small memory dump (256 Kb)” in the “Write debug information” window. It is more expedient not to change the directory into which mini dumps will be loaded. The default is C: WINDOWSMinidump.

Decoding information in the Blue Screen of Death

Each critical error is accompanied by a detailed description and an eight-digit error code. When you first encounter a BSOD, the information displayed on it seems to be a random sequence of characters, but in fact, the description and error code will help to largely identify what caused the failure and what the error means.

The upper part of the monitor contains a description of the error, consisting of words written together in capital letters and separated by underscores.

Immediately following the description of the error, some troubleshooting tips are displayed. This is followed by a technical information section with an eight-digit hexadecimal error code.

Depending on the nature of the error, the code is usually supplemented with four auxiliary values, enclosed in parentheses.

If the error that caused the BSOD directly depends on a file, its name is displayed in this section.

Reasons for the appearance

There are many reasons for the appearance of the blue screen of death.

All the reasons for the appearanceBSODon Windows can be broken down into three parts:

equipment;
drivers;
programs.

Video: Blue Screen in Windows

Equipment

One of the most common reasons that can cause BSOD, in this category are RAM problems. You need to test it.

Also, failures in the functioning of the data storage system are not uncommon. In this case, it is worthwhile to diagnose the hard drive and check the availability of free space on it.

Less commonly, the blue screen of death is caused by problems with the video adapter and processor. It is important to test this equipment using specialized utilities.

In addition to the main components of the computer, problems may arise with additional cards that expand functionality system unit. You can find out the source of the problem if you remove additional nodes and having tested the computer for several days without them. If the computer is functioning normally without interruption, then the problem has been resolved.

You can also try plugging the board into a different slot on the motherboard. After testing all components separately, you should test the operation of the entire system under load. In the event of a load failure, the problem is likely to be found in the operation of the power supply. The way out is to replace the power supply unit with a more powerful one.

Drivers

It is believed that drivers are the source of 70% of BSOD cases. To cure the system, the driver must be reinstalled, after removing it. If the problem is not resolved, then you need to download the driver from the manufacturer's website and install.

There are situations when there is no way to find a fresh driver, in which case you can install an earlier version.

If replacing the driver does not help, then you should check the compatibility of the device with the operating system. If there is no compatibility, it is recommended to replace the hardware or reinstall the operating system.

ON

Software problems that arise are handled in a similar way. It is necessary to reinstall the existing one, or install the version downloaded from the developer's site.

The probable cause of a critical error can be the simultaneous installation of two or more anti-virus tools on one operating system.

Memory dump analysis

To analyze critical memory dumps, you can use one of a huge number of programs, for example, DumpChk, Kanalyze, WinDbg.

Let's look at the example of WinDbg (included in the Debugging Tools for Windows) how you can analyze crash dumps.

The sequence of actions is as follows:

download the current version of the program from the developer's website;
install the program on your computer;
run the program;
go to the menu item "File -> Symbol File Path ...";
in the "Symbol Search Path" click on "Browse ...";
in the window that appears, select the location of the Symbols directory. Then press "OK" twice, then select the menu "File -> Open Crash Dump ...";
in the "Open Crash Dump" window, select the path and click "Open";
in the "Workspace" window set the "Don'taskagain" checkbox to "No";
the "Command Dump" window will be displayed with the analysis of the dump;
analyze the memory dump in detail;
it is especially important to pay attention to the "Bugcheck Analysis" section, which displays the possible reason for the failure;
to view the complete information, click on the "! analyze -v" link;
close the program;
apply the data obtained to eliminate the cause of the crash.

Eliminate Blue Screen of Death errors

The lion's share of blue screen of death errors is caused by damage to some system files or the absence or incompatibility of drivers.

When the appearanceBSODyou need to do the following:

Video: BSOD - Screen

Error codes

For a faster and more effective "computer cure", you need to have an idea of what the error codes mean and how to fix the blue screen of death problem. Therefore, it is extremely important not to ignore the text that displays on the BSOD. The most important information on the blue screen of death is the hexadecimal error code and its description.

The number of BSOD errors reaches several hundred. It is simply impossible to know or describe all error codes and how to eliminate them. It is much easier and more optimal to use specialized resources on which there is detailed information about errors, and a sequence of actions is described to solve the problem in the most efficient and safe way.

To do this, you just need to go to the appropriate resource, find the error with the required code, study the information about it and restore the operating system in accordance with the recommendations received.

The most common errors:

0x00000001 - internal kernel error;
0x0000000A - unavailable memory address;
0x0000001E - invalid processor command;
0x00000020 - driver error;
0x0000002B - stack overflow;
0x00000051 - registry error.

In some cases, the functioning of the Windows operating system may end with the appearance of a blue screen of death, which displays a certain sequence of characters.

The appearance of BSOD indicates a critical error in the operation of the operating system. The way to resolve the failure depends on the system error code, which can be viewed at the bottom of the blue screen.

BSoD or Blue Screen of Death in Windows can appear for various reasons. Starting from a failure in a separate program, ending with a breakdown important equipment... If you've only seen BSoD once, it's too early to sound the alarm. But if the failure is regular, then there is some problem with the computer. And you need to pay attention to the information that is shown in the error.

You quietly worked at the computer, and saw the "Blue Screen of Death" in Windows 7. What to do in this case? You don't need to restart your PC right away. Check the error code. From it you will understand what is “broken”. And you can eliminate the cause of the failure.

When BSoD appears, pay attention to the sections:

"The problem seems to be caused". The file that caused the crash is listed there;
Below is the name of the error;
"Technical Information". Technical information... The error number must be written after the word "STOP". For example, "0x0000007E" or "0xC0000135";
Next comes the name of the driver and the address of the error.

Reasons for the error

Remember what happened before the "Blue Screen of Death" arose. This will help you figure out what to do with it. For example, you connected a new device, installed a program, updated the system, or downloaded unlicensed Windows drivers. If it was after this that the problems began, then you have found the culprit. You can also determine the cause by looking at the error codes.

Here's what causes the crash:

Hardware malfunctions. The hard disk, RAM, network card, video adapter may be damaged;

The problem may be caused by a defective hard drive.

An incompatible device or equipment is connected. Let's say you decide to install new RAM cards or attach external hard drive... And after that Windows started crashing into BSoD;
Conflict software, in particular, drivers;
BIOS crashes or bad firmware;
Overheat;
Updating Windows or individual services. Along with this, you can download a huge number of errors. Even licensed programs are not insured against them. If BSoD appears after a system update, just roll it back. And wait for the update to be fixed and optimized;
Contact between wires and internal equipment. For example, the cable got caught in the fan blades;
that damaged important files;

User actions. Someone tried to "overclock" the computer. Or deleted system data.

Error codes

To understand how to get rid of the problem, you need to look at the error codes. The Blue Screen of Death provides the information you need. But the list of such numbers is huge. Anything can break. And it is not clear what to do in this case. Here are the most common crashes:

"0x0000000X", where "X" ("X") are numbers from 1 to 5. Actual for Windows Server 2003 and Win XP with SP. Appears when installing some antiviruses. To fix everything, download the update "KB887742" from the Update Center or from the official Microsoft website;
"0x0000000A" and "0x0000000X", where "X" equal to numbers from 6 to 9. The driver is damaged. Or there are incompatible software / hardware;
"0x0000000X", where "X" can be numbers from 13 to 19. The codes mean that there is no communication with the memory card. Or the connection to the hard drive, which contains the swap partition, is lost;
"0x0000001F" and "0x0000000X", where "X" are numbers from 20 to 23. An error occurred while reading / writing information. Appears on FAT file systems. The reason may be a hard disk breakdown or severe data fragmentation. A "blue screen of death" with this code also occurs due to incompatible antiviruses and firewalls;
"0x00000024". The same, but for the NTFS file system;
"0x0000000X", where "X" are numbers from 28 to 35. Problem with drivers or RAM;
"0x0000000B", "0x0000000C", "0x0000000D". Related to a crash in the Sound Blaster Live sound card software;
"0x00000051". Occurs when the system cannot read some registry entry. This happens when the system or hardware is damaged;
"0x00000057". There is something wrong with the network card;

Death screen example

"0x00000069". Incorrect system installation or incorrect configuration;
"0x00000073". Part of the registry is damaged. Or there is not enough free memory;
"0x0000007E". May appear when updating Windows. For some reason, the update caused a crash. To fix it, you need to roll back the system;
"0x0000008E". Damage to RAM. Or the RAM modules are incompatible with each other;
"0x000000FE". Critical failure in the USB controller;
"0x00000104". There is a problem with the video adapter driver or BIOS firmware;
"0x1000007E", "0x1000008E" or "0xC000009A". The Windows system kernel lacks resources for stable operation. Free up RAM and local memory;
"0x80070570". The system is not installed correctly. The problem may be in the installer itself;
"0xC0000135" and "0xC0000218". Important dynamic libraries are damaged or missing. BSoD indicates which particular object is not available;
"0xC0000221". Driver or library problem;
"0xDEADDEAD". The user himself initiated an emergency stop of the system.

The list is long enough. It has hundreds of different numbers. You can enter the error code into a search engine to find out more information. Or see it on the site "bsodstop.ru" (tab "BSoD: error description"). There are also instructions on what to do in each situation.

If the same failures occur with different objects (the codes are the same, but the file names are not), most likely the problem is not in the system, but in the hard drive. Back up important data as soon as possible. If they find themselves in a damaged sector, it will be difficult to restore them.

View code if system reboots

How to find out the crash number if the computer restarts when BSoD appears? And you just don't have time to read the message.

You can see the blue screen codes in the dumps. They are located in the Windows \ Minidump system directory. To open these files, you need the BlueScreenView program. Find it on the Internet, install and open it. It will scan the dumps and list them. Files that contain information about the crash will be marked in red.

BlueScreenView program window

How to fix the error

Equipment broke down

If the equipment breaks down, it is unlikely that it will be possible to fix it at home. But sometimes it is enough to turn it off and on again. Let's say it became clear from the error codes that there is no access to RAM. Here's what to do:

Turn off the power to the computer. Do not just press the "Off" button, but unplug the plug from the socket;
Open the lid of the system unit;
Find RAM boards there;

Pull them carefully out of the slot. It is necessary to pull back the latch that holds them;
Insert them back;
Turn on your computer and check if everything works.

The same can be done with hard disk, and with a video adapter and a sound card. But if you are unfamiliar with the internal structure of a computer, it is better to entrust it to professionals. Do not take out all the details from the system unit one by one.

If it does not help, then the equipment has become unusable. It needs to be changed.

Disconnecting external devices

Very often BSoD appears when hard drives or other external devices are connected to the computer. How to fix the Blue Screen of Death in this case? Disable equipment. Try inserting it into a different port. See how it appears in Device Manager. Check for an exclamation mark next to the model name. Update your drivers.

Perhaps it's not the computer, but the port controller. If it is faulty, it must be disabled.

Problems with the file system or hard drive

Run a check and repair of the system disk. For this:

Click on it with the right mouse button;
Item "Properties";

Go to "Properties"

Service tab;
Check button;

Click on "Check"

Check all the boxes. In particular, the option "Recover bad sectors" is needed;

We put a tick next to "Recover damaged sectors"

Start button;
The service will warn you that it will start checking the next time the system is started;
Reboot your computer;
It will start rebuilding the disk. This can take a long time. Do not interrupt the process.

Software glitch

Here's how to remove the "Blue Screen of Death" if the problem is in the system itself or the programs installed on it:

Remove everything you installed just before the crash;
If it doesn't help, make a backup;
Go to Start - Programs - Accessories - System Tools;
Press " ";

In the window that opens, check the "Select a restore point" item;
If necessary, check the box "Show all restore points";
They show the time when the backup copy, and what happened at the same time (installation, removal, update);

Recovery points

Select a suitable point and confirm;
Do not turn off your computer until recovery is complete.

The system will rollback. It will return to the state it was in before the errors occurred.

Other options

Scan the system with a good antivirus;
Clean the debris from the hard drive. Delete unnecessary files. But don't touch the system data. You can use the built-in Windows services (Start - Programs - Accessories - System Tools - Disk Cleanup) or install programs for this: for example, CCleaner;

CCleaner program

It makes sense to fix registry errors. But don't do it manually. Use Registry Fix, Registry Boot and the like;
If you have an installation disk with the system, try reinstalling it or repairing damaged files;
Update all drivers. Download the latest updates.

If Blue Screen Appears at Startup

If the "Blue Screen of Death" appears immediately after turning on the computer, you will not get into the system. And it will be difficult to fix something. Therefore, you need to start the PC from a boot disk or drive. If you don't have one, use the Windows installation CD. Also works free program from DrWeb - "Live Disk". It can be downloaded from freedrweb.com:

When starting the PC (at the very first "frame"), a key will be indicated, which must be pressed to open the settings ("PRESS TO ENTER SETUP"). Typically F1, F2, F5, or Del;
Click on it. BIOS options will open. In them, all control is tied to the keyboard;
Go to the "Boot" tab;
Item "Boot Device Priority";
There will be a loading order. Put in the first place the device from which you plan to download data (disk or drive);
Open the "Save" section, select the "Save and reset" option;
Now the computer will start from external media (don't forget to insert it);
If it is a bootable disk or CD with Win distributions, try reinstalling them;
Live Disk also has tools for reanimating the system;
After recovery, change the boot order again to boot from the hard drive.

This will work if the problem is due to a software glitch. But will not help with equipment breakdown

It is necessary to take care of the system and the computer, even if there are no problems. Check the disk regularly for errors, remove unnecessary garbage from it, clean the registry. Don't try to improve your PC's performance if you don't know how to do it. If you follow the precautions and monitor the state of the system, the Blue Screen of Death is unlikely to bother you.

Some of the glitches you can handle yourself. But if BSoD appeared due to hardware breakdown, it would have to be changed.