What questions does the subject answer? Definition of the subject. Grammatical basis of a sentence with examples

The grammatical basis of the sentence. The concept of the main members of the proposal

The grammatical basis of a sentence consists of a subject and a predicate.

The grammatical base expresses the grammatical meanings of the sentence. They are associated with the meanings of mood and tense of the predicate verb.

Troops are moving towards the front.

(The action actually takes place and takes place in the present tense).

He came to see us yesterday.

(The action actually took place, but in the past tense).

You should have talked to your mother, Ivan!

(The action is not realized in reality, but it is desirable for the speaker).

The subject and the predicate are called the main members of the sentence, because all the minor members in the sentence directly or indirectly extend them.

Let us show the dependence of the secondary terms on the main ones in the following diagram:

Amazed Varenukha silently gave him an urgent telegram.

Subject as a member of a proposal. Subject expression forms

The subject is main member a sentence that denotes the subject of speech and answers the questions of the nominative case who? or what?

Subject in Russian can be expressed in different ways, sometimes in "unusual" forms. The following table will help you to correctly determine the subject.

The main ways of expressing the subject.

Part of speech in subject position
Noun in and. NS.	Language reflects the soul of the people.
Pronoun in and. NS.	He went out. Who was there? This is right. This is my brother (with questions: who is this?) The house, which barely stood, belonged to a forester. (Note here the subject in subordinate clause.) The sparks that flew from the fire seemed white. (Note the subject in the subordinate clause here.) Someone has come. Everyone fell asleep.
Infinitive	Being honest is half the battle. To understand is to sympathize. Smoking is harmful to health.
A combination of words (one of which is in I. p.)	We often went there. Two clouds float across the sky.
A combination of words without and. NS.	About an hour passed.

Predicted as a member of a sentence. Types of predicate

The predicate is the main member of the sentence, which is associated with the subject of a special connection and has the meaning expressed in the questions what makes the subject of speech? what's going on with him? what is he like? what is he? who is he? and etc.

The predicate in Russian is simple and complex. A simple (simple verb) predicate is expressed by one verb in the form of any mood.

Compound predicates are expressed in several words, one of them serves to connect with the subject, while the semantic load falls on the others. In other words, in compound predicates, the lexical and grammatical meanings are expressed in different words.

(Verb was colonel

(Verb started serves to communicate with the subject, on the word work the semantic load of the predicate falls.)

Among the compound predicates, a compound verb and a compound nominal predicate are distinguished.

Learn more about the types of predicates. Simple verb predicate

A simple verb predicate is expressed by one verb in the form of any mood.

It can be expressed in the following forms of the verb:

The form of the present and past tense of the verb.
The future tense of the verb.
Forms of the conditional and imperative mood of the verb.

We emphasize that if you are expected tomorrow, a simple verb predicate is expressed by the compound form of the future tense of the verb wait.

Compound verb predicate

A compound verb predicate consists of two components - an auxiliary verb, which serves to connect with the subject and expresses the grammatical meaning of the predicate, and an indefinite form of the verb, which expresses its main lexical meaning and bearing the main semantic load.

(I started here - this is an auxiliary verb, and gnawing is an indefinite form of a verb that carries a semantic load.)

(I don't want to here - this is an auxiliary verb, and offending is an indefinite form of a verb that carries a semantic load.)

Combinations of some short adjectives (must, glad, ready, obliged, etc.) and the auxiliary verb-link can act as an auxiliary verb in the form of one of the moods (in the present tense this link is omitted).

(the bundle should be omitted here).

So, let's imagine the structure of a compound verb predicate by the formula:

COMPOSITION Verb. SKAZ. = HELP. Verb. + UNDEFINIT. THE FORM

Compound nominal predicate

A compound nominal predicate consists of two components: a connective verb, which serves to connect with the subject and expresses the grammatical meaning of the predicate, and the nominal part, which expresses its basic lexical meaning and carries the main semantic load.

(Here the connective verb becomes, and the nominal part is expressed by the adjective viscous.)

(Here, the connecting verb will be, and the nominal part of the predicate is expressed by the noun handball player.)

We represent the structure of a compound nominal predicate by the formula:

COMPOSITION NAME. SKAZ. = CONNECTION. Verb. + NAME PART

The nominal part of a compound nominal predicate is expressed by the following parts of speech: a noun, an adjective (full and short, different forms of degrees of comparison), a participle (full and short), a numeral, a pronoun, an adverb, a word category of a state, a verb in an indefinite form.

In the Russian language, at least four main types of one-part sentences can be distinguished.

Basic types of two-part sentences

The form of expression of the subject and predicate	Examples of
The subject is expressed by a noun or a pronoun in the nominative case, the predicate - by a specific form of the verb.
The subject is expressed by a noun or a pronoun in the nominative case, the predicate - by a noun in the nominative case. In the past and future tenses, a linking verb appears and the case in the predicate changes to instrumental.
The subject is expressed by an indefinite form of the verb or a phrase based on it, the predicate is also an indefinite form of the verb. Particles are possible between the subject and the predicate, this means.
The subject is expressed by the indefinite form of the verb or by a phrase based on it, the predicate by an adverb.
The subject is expressed by the indefinite form of the verb or by a phrase based on it, the predicate by a noun in the nominative case or by a phrase based on it. In the past and future tenses, a linking verb appears and the case in the predicate changes to instrumental.
The subject is expressed by a noun in the nominative case, the predicate - by the indefinite form of the verb or a phrase based on it. A linking verb appears in the past and future tense.
The subject is expressed by a noun in the nominative case, the predicate - by an adjective or a participle (full or short) in the nominative case. In the past and future tenses, the verb appears in the predicate.

Knowing the basic types of two-part sentences makes it easier to find grammatical bases in them.

Basic types of one-part sentences

	Typical form and meaning
Nominative (nominative) sentences	These are sentences where the main member is expressed by a noun or a pronoun-noun in the nominative form. This main member is considered the subject and indicate that there is no predicate in the nominative sentence. Nominative sentences usually indicate that some phenomenon or object exists (are) in the present.	Big square in the town. Here is a bench.
Definitely personal suggestions	The predicate is expressed by a verb in the form of 1 or 2 persons. The ending of the verb in these cases clearly indicates the face and number of the pronoun (I, we, you, you). There is no need to use these pronouns as a subject.
Uncertain personal suggestions	The predicate is expressed by a verb in the form of 3 persons plural(in the present and future tense) or in the plural form (in the past tense). In such sentences, the action itself is important, and the agent is either unknown or not important to the speaker, therefore the subject is absent in them.
Impersonal sentences	These are sentences in which there is and cannot be a subject, since they denote actions and states that are thought to occur “by themselves,” without the participation of an active agent. According to their form, these sentences are divided into two types: with a verb predicate and with a predicate - a word of the category of state. The verb predicate can be expressed by a verb in the form of the 3rd person singular (in the present and future tense) or in the form of the neuter singular (in the past tense). This role is usually played by impersonal verbs or verbs in impersonal use. The verb predicate can also be expressed in the indefinite form of the verb.	In order not to freeze she captured sweater.
	In addition, the predicate in an impersonal sentence can be the word no.	The owners are not at home.

Minor members of the proposal: definition, addition, circumstance

All members of the proposal, except for the main ones, call minor.

Minor members of the sentence are not included in the grammatical base, but extend (explain) it. They can explain other minor members as well.

Let's demonstrate what has been said with a diagram:

According to their meaning and role in the sentence, minor members are divided into definition, addition and circumstance. These syntactic roles are identified by questions.

Appreciated (to what extent?) high- circumstance.

Appreciated (what?) canvases- addition.

Canvases (whose?) his- definition.

Supplement as a member of a proposal. Types of add-ons

An addendum is a minor member of a sentence that answers questions of indirect cases (i.e. all but the nominative) and denotes a subject. The add-on usually propagates the predicate, although other members of the sentence can also propagate.

I enjoy reading (what?) Magazines. (Here, the addition of magazines distributes the predicate.)

Reading (what?) Magazines is fun. (Here the addition of the journals spreads the subject.)

Additions are most often expressed by nouns (or words in the function of nouns) and pronouns, but they can also be represented by the indefinite form of the verb and meaningful phrases.

He shaved during the campaign (with what?) With a bayonet. (Here the addition of a bayonet is expressed by a noun.)

This is understandable only to connoisseurs (what?) Of beauty. (Here the complement of the beautiful is expressed as an adjective as a noun.)

And I will ask you (about what?) To stay. (Here the object is to remain in the indefinite form of the verb.)

He read (what?) A lot of books. (Here, the addition of many books is expressed in a combination that is integral in meaning.)

Additions are direct and indirect.

Direct objects refer to transitive verbs and denote the subject to which the action is directly directed. Direct objects are expressed in the accusative case without a preposition.

I don’t know when I’ll see my relatives now.

These furnaces used to melt steel (c.p.).

All other additions are called indirect.

Play the piano (p. P.).

I put the bread on the table (VP with an excuse).

I was forbidden to worry (expressed in the indefinite form of the verb).

The subject- this is the main member of the sentence, which denotes the subject of speech and answers the question of the nominative case (who? what?).

Pay attention to the meaning (a) and the form of the expression (b) of the subject:

a) the subject is what is being said in a sentence (subject of speech);

b) the main form of expression of the subject - nominative(the question is who? what?).

Note!

When asked what? answers not only the nominative, but also accusative noun; the nominative and accusative forms can also be the same. To distinguish between these cases, you can substitute a noun of the 1st declension (for example - book): nominative - book; accusative - the book.

Wed: Lies on the table pencil (book) - nominative; I see a pencil(book) - accusative case.

Let's compare two sentences:

1. I did not sleep; 2. I couldn't sleep.

In meaning, they express about the same thing. However, in the first sentence ( I did not sleep) is a subject, because there is a pronoun in the nominative case ( I am), in the second sentence ( I couldn't sleep) there is no subject, because there is no pronoun in the nominative case ( to me- dative).

Subject Expression

A) Subject - one word:

The form	Examples of
1. Name
1.1. Noun	Eldest son(who?) left for the capital.
1.2. Pronoun	He(who?) left for the capital.
1.3. Adjective	Older(who?) left for the capital.
1.4. Participle	Lifted(who?) sword by sword and perish.
1.5. Numeral	Two(who?) left for the capital.
2. The infinitive ( indefinite form verb)	Be in love(what?) - this is wonderful. Live(what?) - to serve the homeland.
3. Unchangeable (significant or service) part of speech in the meaning of a noun
3.1. Adverb	The fatal day after tomorrow has also come(what?).
3.2. Pretext	"V"(what?) is a pretext.
3.3. Union	"A"(what?) - opposing union.
3.4. Particle	"Not"(what?) with verbs is written separately.
3.5. Interjection	Was rushing from all sides "ay"(what?).
4. Indirect form of a name, conjugated form of a verb, a sentence in the meaning of a noun	"Brother"(what?) - the form dative case noun. "I read"(what?) - 1st person present verb. "Do not forget yourself, do not worry, work moderately" (what?) - was his motto.

B) Subject - whole, that is, syntactically indivisible phrase (main + dependent word):

The form	Meaning	Examples of
1. Nominative name (adverb) + genitive name	Quantitative value	Five chairs stood against the wall. Some chairs stood against the wall. Some of the chairs were against the wall. There were many chairs against the wall.
2. Name in the nominative case + name in the genitive case with the preposition from	Selective significance	Two of us will go to the capital. Each of us will go to the capital. Many of us will go to the capital.
3. Name in the nominative case + the name in the instrumental case with the preposition s (only with the predicate - in the plural!)	The meaning of compatibility	Wed: Mother and son will go(plural) rest. Mother and son will go(unit h.) rest.
4. Nouns beginning, middle, end+ genitive noun	Phase value	It was the end of September.
5. Noun + consonant name (phraseological unit, terminological combination and phrase with a metaphorical meaning)	The members of the phrase only in the aggregate express a single or non-segmented concept in this context.	The Milky Way spreads across the sky. White flies(snowflakes) circled in the sky. A hat of light brown curls fluttered on his head.
6. Indefinite pronoun (from stems who, what) + consistent name	Undefined value	Something unpleasant was in all its appearance.

Note!

1) You can always ask the subject who? what? , even if it does not change in cases.

2) Nominative- the only case with which the subject can be expressed.

Note. The subject can be expressed indirectly if it indicates the approximate number of someone or something. Wed: Thirty ships went to sea. About thirty ships went to sea. Over thirty ships went to sea.

Subject parsing plan

Specify a way to express the subject:

1. Single word: noun, adjective, pronoun, numeral, participle in the nominative case; an adverb or other unchangeable form in the meaning of a noun; infinitive.
2. Syntactically indivisible phrase (indicate the meaning and form of the main word).

Sample parsing

The lake seemed to be covered with ice(Prishvin).

The subject Lake expressed by a noun in the nominative case.

Around noon, many round high clouds usually appear.(Turgenev).

The subject many clouds expressed syntactically by an indivisible (whole) phrase with a quantitative meaning; main word (noun lots of) stands in the nominative form.

In the dark, the bearded stumbled over something(Sholokhov).

The subject bearded expressed as an adjective in the meaning of a noun in the nominative case.

But to pay for something, even the most self-needed, suddenly two hundred, three hundred, five hundred rubles seemed to them almost suicide(Goncharov).

The subject pay expressed by the infinitive.

It took about an hour(Paustovsky).

The subject about an hour expressed by the indirect case of the noun hour with the preposition about and indicates the approximate amount of time.

The subject and predicate are those members of the sentence, without which the main syntactic unit untenable. In addition to their definition and designation, there is another difficulty in the scheme - punctuation. The dash between subject and predicate is often skipped, leading to errors and lower scores. Let's consider the main members of the sentence in terms of syntax and punctuation.

The subject

The subject of speech is indicated in the sentence by the subject. It always appears only in the nominative case. For example, "Summer days are replaced by autumn coolness." By asking what is being said here, you can easily find the subject. It is about coolness. The word is used in the form of the nominative case, respectively, the train of thought is correct.

The most common subjects are:

• Nouns in the nominative form.
• Pronouns (morphologically similar to nouns): Everyone thought about the trip after the incident.
• Infinitives: Work is the main rule of a successful career.
• Phrases: The three brothers stood at a distance.

Predicate

The predicate is presented in the Russian language more extensively. It indicates what is being told in the sentence about the subject of speech. It is a mistake to believe that this term means only action. It can denote what the object is, who and what it is.

For example: I'll talk to the director tomorrow about your problem. The predicative "talk" indicates an action.

The trees turned silver from the first snow and light frost. The predicative "became silver" indicates what the subject of speech is.

The tiger is a dangerous beast, but extremely cute. The predicative "beast" says who is performing the action.

Distinguish between simple and compound predicates. The first ones consist of one or more words and contain both lexical and grammatical meaning. "I'm studying at the best institute in the country" - the predicate "I'm studying" is expressed by the present tense verb, consists of one word. "I will study at the best institute in the country." Here the predicative consists of two words, which are the form of a complex future tense.

A compound predicate includes two or more words. Its main difference from the simple one is that each of the parts carries either a lexical or grammatical component. "I wanted to study at the best institute in the country" - here the predicative consists of two words, one of which (wanted) indicates grammatical features: singular, m.r., past. time, and the second (to study) is in the form of an infinitive, but it contains a semantic content.

It should be noted that the subject and the predicate are equal members of the sentence. Between them does not exist subordination... In other words, they are not a phrase. However, there is still consistency in number or number and gender.

When is the dash?

Usually subject and predicate are not broken with punctuation marks. However, there are situations when, without an auxiliary part, the grammatical base contains nouns, infinitives or numerals. In such cases, a dash is placed between the subject and the predicate. Let us examine these cases and give examples.

1. Subject and predicate are nouns. In this case, there is a compound nominal predicate without an auxiliary verb: "A cat is a pet, domesticated many thousands of years ago." Subject - "cat" (noun), predicate - "pet" (noun).
2. The main members of the sentence are infinitives. Here is a compound verb predicate without a linking verb: "To learn - to contribute to your own future." The subject is "to learn" (the verb in the initial form), the predicate is "to do" (the verb in the initial form).
3. Subject and predicate are numerals. "Five ten - fifty." The part before the dash is the subject, "fifty" is the predicate.
4. Grammatical base: noun as subject and verb-infinitive as predicate. "Your duty is to help your colleagues." Subject is "duty" (noun), "to help" is a predicative in the form of an infinitive.
5. The opposite case to the previous one: the subject is an infinitive verb, the predicate is a noun. "It is your responsibility to help your colleagues." "To help" is an infinitive subject, "duty" is a predicate expressed by a noun.

Also, a dash between the subject and the predicate must be placed if indicative particles are used in the predicate: "Kindness is a ray of light in the world of soullessness"; "Hope is what remains after many disappointments."

Dash is not put

Sometimes, incorrectly defining the subject, the predicate, the dash is placed incorrectly.

Let us examine the cases when this punctuation mark not needed:

1. If the predicate contains negation (the "not" particle). The heat is not a reason to stay at home.
2. If there are comparative particles adjacent to the predicate. The forest is like a fairy tale.
3. With the subject pronoun, the predicate is not separated by a dash. He is a talented general practitioner.

The main members of the proposal are subject and predicate.

The subject

The subject- this is the main member of the sentence, which is associated with the predicate and answers the questions of the nominative case who? or what?

Subject Expression

Expression methods	Examples of
1. Noun in nominative case (or other part of speech, used in the meaning of a noun)	Blizzard came at once. (N. Ostrovsky) Gathered discussed the agenda.
2. Pronoun in the nominative case	Each went to the room assigned to him. (A. Pushkin)
3. Indefinite form of the verb	Guard nature means protecting the Motherland. (K. Paustovsky)
4. Phraseologisms	Out into the field from small to large.
5. Proper name	In a wide strip, from edge to edge, stretched Milky Way... (V. Arseniev)
6. Syntactically integral phrase	My grandmother went quietly to their attic. (M. Gorky)

Predicate

Predicate- this is the main member of the sentence, which is associated with the subject and answers questions what does the item do? what's going on with him? what is he like? and etc.
The predicate is expressed by a verb in the form of one of the moods.
Predictable can be simple and composite.

The predicate, expressed by one verb in the form of any mood, is called simple verb predicate.
In a simple verb predicate, the lexical and grammatical meanings are expressed in one word. The predicate expresses the nature of the movement; at the same time, verbs indicate real action.

Composite such a predicate is called in which the lexical and grammatical meanings are expressed in different words.
A compound predicate can be verbal and nominal... It consists of two parts: one part (link) expresses the grammatical meaning of the predicate, the other (verbal and nominal) - the main lexical meaning of the predicate. The verb can be used as a bundle to be and auxiliary verbs.

Compound verb a predicate is called, which consists of an auxiliary verb, expressing the grammatical meaning of the predicate, and an indefinite form of the verb, expressing its main lexical meaning.
Auxiliary verbs express the meanings of the beginning, end, duration of an action, its desirability or possibility.
Combinations of some short adjectives ( must, glad, ready, obliged, capable, intend and others) and the service verb-link to be in the form of one of the moods.

Composite nominal a predicate is called, which consists of a linking verb expressing the grammatical meaning of the predicate, and the nominal part (adjective, noun, etc.), expressing its basic lexical meaning.
The most commonly used is the linking verb to be expressing only grammatical meanings.

Note:
Verbs that have the meaning of movement, state can act as ligaments: come, come, come back and etc.; sit, stand and etc.

Nominal part compound predicate is expressed by an adjective, noun, short passive participle and etc.

Note:
The nominal part can include unions as if, as if, as if, introducing comparisons into the predicate.

In this chapter:

§1. The main members of the sentence - subject and predicate

The subject

The subject is the main member of the proposal, independent of other members of the proposal. The subject answers the questions of the I.p .: who? what?

In a sentence, the subject is expressed in different ways.

How is the subject expressed?

The subject can be a word or a phrase.

Most often, the subject is expressed:

1) nouns: mother, laughter, love;
2) words that have the function of a noun: nouns derived from adjectives or participles: sick, manager, meeting, ice cream, canteen;
3) pronouns: we, nobody, anything;
4) numerals: three, five;
5) the indefinite form of the verb: Smoking is harmful to health;
6) a phrase, if it has a meaning:
a) compatibility: husband and wife, duck with ducklings, my friend and I;
b) uncertainty or generality: Something unfamiliar seemed in the distance. Some of the guests closed the window;
c) quantity: 2 million people live in the city;
d) selectivity: Any of them could be the first. Most of the students passed the test;
e) phraseological unit: White nights have come.

Predicate

Predicate- this is the main member of the sentence, denoting what is said about the subject, which is the subject. The predicate depends on the subject and is consistent with it. It answers different questions: what does the object do? what's going on with him? what is he? who is he? what it is? what is the subject? All these questions are varieties of the question: what is said about the subject? The choice of a specific question depends on the structure of the sentence.

The predicate contains the most important grammatical characteristic of the sentence: its grammatical meaning.

Grammatical meaning is the generalized meaning of a sentence, which characterizes its content in terms of two parameters:

• reality-unreality,
• time.

Reality-Irriality expressed by the mood of the verb.

• Verbs in the indicative mood are typical for statements reflecting a real situation: It is raining., It is getting light.
• Verbs in the imperative and in the conditional mood are typical for sentences that reflect not a real, but a desirable situation. Do not forget the umbrella !, I wish it would not rain today!

Time- an indicator of the correlation of the situation with the moment of speech. Tense is expressed by the verb forms of the present, past and future tense.

Simple and compound predicate

The predicate in two-part sentences can be simple and complex. Compound are divided into compound verb and compound nominal.

Simple predicate is a kind of predicate in which the lexical and grammatical meanings are expressed in one word. A simple predicate is always a verb. It is expressed by a verb in the form of one of the moods. In the indicative mood, verbs can stand in one of three tenses: present - past - future.

He knows poetry by heart.

indicative mood, present time

He knew the poetry by heart.

indicative mood, pros. time

He will memorize poetry.

indicative mood, bud. time

You will memorize these verses.

imperative mood

In a circle, you would have learned poetry by heart.

conditional mood

Compound predicate is a kind of predicate in which lexical and grammatical meanings are expressed in different words.
If in a simple verb predicate the lexical and grammatical meanings are expressed in one word, then in a compound one - in different words. For example:

Suddenly the baby stopped singing and started laughing.

He stopped singing, started laughing - compound predicates. The words sing, laugh call an action, while expressing lexical meaning. The grammatical meaning is expressed in the words: stopped, started

Compound predicates are verbal and nominal.

Compound verb predicate

A compound verb predicate is a predicate consisting of an auxiliary word and an indefinite form of the verb. Examples:

He finished working.

I want to help you.

Auxiliary words are divided into two groups:

1) verbs with the meaning of the beginning-continuation-end of the action, for example: start, end, continue, stop, stop;

2) verbs and short adjectives with the meaning of possibility, desirability, necessity: to be able, to be able, to want, to want, to desire, to strive, to try; glad, ready, must, obliged, intend.

In a compound verb predicate, auxiliary words express the grammatical meaning, and the indefinite form of the verb - the lexical meaning of the predicate.

In the event that a short adjective serves as an auxiliary word, then it is used with a bunch. The verb to be serves as a link. Here are the relevant examples with a bunch in the past tense:

I was so glad to meet you!

In the present tense, the word is is not used, it is omitted: the bundle is zero, for example:

I am so glad to meet you!

In the future tense, the bundle is placed in the future tense. Example:

I would be glad to meet you.

Compound nominal predicate

A compound nominal is a predicate consisting of a linking verb and a nominal part. Linking verbs express the grammatical meaning of the predicate, and the nominal part - its lexical meaning.

1. The linking verb be expresses only grammatical meaning. She was beautiful yesterday. In the present tense, the bunch is zero: She is beautiful.

2. Verbs-bundles to become, to become, to be made, to appear, to be counted, to seem, to be named, to be presented: The house seemed to be a point from afar.

3. Linking verbs with the meaning of movement or location in space: come, come, sit, lie down, stand: Mother returned from work tired. Mother sat pensive, sad.

In all these cases, linking verbs can be replaced by the verb to be. The sentences will be synonymous, for example:

Mother sat pensive, sad. Synonymously: Mother was pensive, sad.

He was considered the most talented of us. Synonymously: He was the most talented of us.

With such a replacement, of course, all the nuances of the meaning are not transferred. Therefore, the language offers various linking verbs, emphasizing different shades of meaning.

Possible combinations of the linking verb with auxiliary words: She dreamed of becoming an actress.

Nominal part of a compound nominal predicate

The nominative part of a compound nominal predicate is expressed in Russian in different ways, and, paradoxically, not only by names. Although the most common and characteristic is the use of names in the role of the nominal part of a compound nominal predicate: nouns, adjectives, numerals. Naturally, names can be replaced with pronouns. And since the role of adjectives and participles is similar, participles can also appear along with adjectives. Also, adverbs and adverbial combinations are possible in the nominal part. Examples:

1) noun: Mother is a doctor., Anastasia will be an actress.,

2) adjective: He grew up strong and handsome ...

3) numeral name: Twice two four.,

4) pronoun: You will be mine. Who was nobody, he will become everything ("Internationale").,

5) participle: The composition was lost., The daughter was finally cured.,

6) adverb and adverbial combination: Shoes fit., Pants turned out to be just right.

The nominal part can contain not only separate words, but also syntactically indivisible phrases. Examples:

She ran into the room with cheerful face.
She sat with thoughtful eyes.

You can't say: She ran in with a face.

Test of strength

Find out how you understood the contents of this chapter.

Final test

1. Which members of the proposal are considered the main ones?

   • subject and object
   • definition, circumstance and addition
   • subject and predicate

2. Can the subject be expressed with words derived from adjectives or participles: manager, sick, in love?

3. Can the subject be expressed in phrases, for example: we are with friends?

4. What is the subject in the sentence: Any of you can prepare for the exam and pass it successfully.?

   • any
   • any of you

5. What characteristics are included in the grammatical meaning of a sentence?

   • reality is unreality and time
   • view and time

6. Is it true that a simple verbal predicate is a predicate in which the lexical and grammatical meaning is expressed by one verb?

7. Is it true that a composite predicate is a special type of predicate in which the lexical and grammatical meanings are expressed in different words?

8. I cannot help you.?

   • simple verb
   • compound verb
   • compound nominal

9. What is the predicate in a sentence: He was always considered serious..?

   • simple verb
   • compound verb
   • compound nominal

10. What is the predicate in a sentence: Two by two is four.?

    • simple verb
    • compound verb
    • compound nominal