Pronouns by cases in Russian. Cases of pronouns in Russian

Pronouns in Russian

Division into categories by value

Cases in Russian

Pronoun form and category definition

Number of pronouns

Case and declension of pronouns

Distinctive features of cases

Case declensions of pronouns

Morphological parsing

How to parse the pronoun "him"?

Theoretical introduction

Personal pronouns

Reflexive pronoun

Possessive pronouns

Interrogative and relative pronouns

Negative and indefinite pronouns

Definitive pronouns

Demonstrative pronouns

Nuances, where can we go without them

6. Pronoun

Definition.

Signs.

Syntactic role.

Discharges.

Declination.

Spelling.

In Russian, one of the important parts is grammar. It is necessary to speak and write correctly. Often the words of illiterate people sound incoherent and ridiculous. Parts of speech are studied in primary school, but not everyone knows to what category and category the pronoun "him" belongs, what kind and number it is. To understand the intricacies, they turn to morphological analysis for help.

In Russian, the part of speech occupies an important place, as it is necessary to indicate an object or its signs. The pronouns are asked questions: Who? What? Which? How many? Whose? The part of speech is put in the initial form to see the word in the nominative and singular.

I painted this picture in a few days.
My Mom is the best.
What happened?

You can change the independent part of speech by declining in cases. Some categories have gender, number and case. In a sentence, they act as a subject, addition and definition. The pronoun "him" has the initial form "he". This is a personal view, which is referred to as an addition in the sentence. After asking the question, you can determine what else the pronoun is in the sentence.

This can be seen in the example:

I didn't notice it while playing.
Will you see him today?
Did you warn him?
I know him very well.
His words hurt me.
I didn't know how to persuade him.
His mother always welcomes us.
I don't know if you can eat it?
His name is always on the front pages of newspapers.
Will we catch up with him?

The pronoun is often used as a synonym so as not to repeat the words. With the help of a part of speech, it is easy to compose a sentence that will be ideally connected in meaning and will not lose its characteristics. This is especially important if you need to compose a story or text. All suggestions will be linked even without specifying the main character or action. With the help of pronouns, you can emphasize a sign, indicate whose it is.

When studying pronouns, the main groups are determined. Divide them by value, so you can quickly determine what the sentence is talking about. Categories include parts of speech that indicate or relate to something.

The rule says that there are several types of pronouns:

Personal, necessary to indicate a specific person or object: me, you, we, you, he, she, it, they.
The possessive will show who owns the object: mine, yours, yours, theirs.
The return will be needed to define the phenomenon to itself.
An interrogative is written with a question mark: who, who, whose.
In a sentence with subordination, several parts are connected. For example, which, whose, how much, what.
Uncertain means that what is being spoken of is unknown. In the list of pronouns someone, something, someone, someone.
The negative says that the object does not belong to anyone, that it cannot be characterized: no one, no one.
Indicators are necessary in order to show what subject in question... Among them: this, that, that, so many.
Definitives indicate common feature several items: anyone, any, everyone.

The initial form of the pronoun "him" is "he", so the part of speech refers to the personal form. Depending on what they want to say, the minor member of the sentence will indicate whose subject or phenomenon. This can be seen in sentences like this: “His smile attracts attention. This is his backpack. We recognize him by his walk. His suit fits flawlessly. " When writing sentences, you can see what the pronoun "him" indicates. Depending on the question, it can be an object and a sign of who it is.

The case is necessary to determine the function of a word in a sentence, its syntactic role. It is also defined as the declension of words. A literate educated person knows how to do it right. The pronoun "him" in Russian is not in its initial form. This means that he has already been declined.

To do this, you need to know that there are 6 cases. For a nominative, questions are needed: Who? What? To put in the genitive, they ask the question: Who? What? In the dative case, the questions are: To whom? What? The nominative and the accusative are often confused, in which the questions are: Who? What? For the instrumental are characterized by: By whom? How? Last prepositional: About whom? About what?

The use of a preposition before the pronoun "him" in the indirect case has the form "with him". The same applies to the pronouns "with her, with them." When declining, you need to follow the rules in order to avoid mistakes in writing and in colloquial speech.

A pronoun in a sentence can stand in place of a noun, numeral, adjective and adverb. Due to the available characteristics, it indicates an object, expresses an attitude. It has different meaning and grammatical meaning.

Personal pronouns will indicate the specific object to be reported. A constant sign is a person who is of the first, second and third types. Part of the speech refers to a third party. The initial form of the pronoun "him" is "he". A constant morphological feature will indicate the number of objects and phenomena.

To find out what is the number of the pronoun "his", you need to pay attention to the rule. The only one is "I, you, he, she", as well as their derivatives. To the plural - "we, they". All personal pronouns change in cases. This applies not only to the ending, but to the whole word.

Since the rank of the pronoun "his" is personal, the grammatical meaning and function in the sentence are learned before use. This will let you know which part of speech has been replaced. It can be an object, phenomenon or sign. The personal pronoun "he" indicates the sign "him".

To determine the initial form, a part of speech is put in the nominative case, singular, masculine. The question must be posed: who or what? This refers to the subject. If there is a sign, the questions will be: what or what? When the quantity is indicated, the question is used: how much? Sometimes the pronoun does not change in gender and number. For example, me or something. In this case, the initial form is grammatical basis in the nominative case.

In some cases, pronouns do not have this form: no one, oneself. For them, it is associated with the genitive case. This will be the first word form in the case list of the Russian language. In a sentence with the pronoun "his", the context and semantic meaning of the personal and possessive parts of speech are distinguished.

I saw (who?) Him. Personal pronoun with the initial form "he" (who?).
His (whose?) Shoes. Possessive, used only in this form, therefore it is considered initial.

The example shows that before writing, you should pay attention to the rule of putting the pronoun in the initial form. Pay attention to a question that can be posed in a particular case.

Personal pronouns of the 3rd person indicate an object without participating in the sentence. In an indirect version, they have forms formed from another root. There are several things you need to know about declension. The personal rank of the pronoun "his" and the initial forms imply that a part of speech can be determined by a single and plural person.

In the first case, the masculine, feminine and neuter gender are taken into account. The pronoun "he" refers to the first category. This is the only number. The female is referred to as "she", which is also one of a kind. The middle one is "it". In the plural it will be the pronoun "they". After determining, you can proceed to the next stage of determining the case. If you need to know what the pronoun "him" is, you need to know the declension rules. Part of speech will be in the indirect case, and the word "he" will serve as the basis.

A literate person is fluent in the ability to inflect different parts of speech. Over time, the rules are forgotten, which leads to incorrect writing of sentences, violation of the structure. In this case, the members of the proposal are not agreed among themselves.

There are six cases in Russian, which means that the same number of endings changes. They are essential for correct use the most case form, number and gender. It is important to remember not only the cases, but also the questions to them.

To make it easier to find the right question, additional words are used. Each case has its own word: there is (who?), No (who?), Give (to whom?), I see (whom, what?), I am satisfied (with whom?), I say (about whom?). The nominative and accusative are often confused in a sentence. In this case, it will come in handy additional word, which, depending on the participation of the word in the sentence, will help to correctly establish the case.

The case of the pronoun "him" is genitive, since you can use the word "no" and the question: who? However, this is provided that the initial form is the pronoun "he". Otherwise, the question will be: whose? In a sentence with the pronoun "him" you can see what the part of speech is, what member it is.

I saw him.
Mom asked him to help.
I brought his jacket.
His hair was dark.
Every day a huge number of students attended his lectures.

The first and second sentences ask the question: who? In the rest - whose, whose? This will allow correct parsing if necessary.

In the nominative case, the characteristics of the main and secondary members of the sentence are considered. It is characterized by the absence of a preposition. The genitive is needed to confirm ownership. The case of the pronoun "him" is second in the list. This can be seen in the sentence: "I saw him yesterday at the holiday." The question is posed: who? The dative is required to define a point indicating the end of an action.

The accusative, like the nominative, refers to the subject itself. Only the question is different: who or who? When determining, select the word "is" or "see". The instructive will show with the help of which the action is performed. The prepositional case is used exclusively with a preposition, which indicates the place where events or an object occur.

In linguistics prepositional fall into two categories. The explanatory answers the questions: who, what? It characterizes the subject being talked about or narrated about. The local answers the question: where? Declension occurs in both singular and plural.

The grammatical side of the rules indicates that there are three categories for pronouns. This includes nouns, adjectives, and numbers. Instead of them, part of speech is used.

Nouns include: me, you, who, what.
To adjectives: mine, yours, yours, ours.
To numerals: as much as.
To adverbs: where, where, when, there, because.

When you change words and their declensions, the endings in the words differ. To follow the process, you can consider the pronoun "he". It is put in a certain case, so that it is correct to compose a phrase or a sentence.

I. p. - he (is who?)
R. p. - he (does not have anyone?), he (has who?)
D. p. - to him (to give to whom?), to him (to come to whom?)
V. p. - him (see whom?), for him (I will do for whom?)
Ect. - him (happy with whom?), with him (with whom?)
P. p. - about him.

The list contains all the case forms of the pronoun "he". For each there is a question and an additional word that will help to correctly determine the case. It is important to remember the rule about how to spell the pronoun "him" with the letter -н. After considering all the options, you can learn to write correctly.

The study of the Russian language is inextricably linked with the need to study the morphology of parts of speech. This also includes the pronoun. It is necessary to study, determine the grammatical and syntactic characteristics. Part of speech has different structural characteristics, so the parsing order is different. Pronouns play different syntactic roles in a sentence.

For different groups pronouns have their own characteristics. For example, to find out which pronoun is "his", the initial form is set. This will be the word "he", which is subsequently declined in cases.

The general order is the same:

Determination of the initial shape.
Consideration of morphological features.
The role of the word in the sentence.

Most often, the first question is easy to solve. But with morphological features it is more difficult, so you need to pay attention to the subtleties. Pronouns from the category of nouns have constant signs in the form of category, number and gender, if any. For personal you need a face. All this can be picked up if you immediately determine the discharge. Among the impermanent signs is the case.

Let's start morphological analysis. This can be done after the person and case of the pronoun "him" are known. This is the part of speech that refers to personal pronouns. By sticking to the plan, it is not difficult to parse.

Determine the meaning of a pronoun in a sentence as an object or feature.
The question is put in the right case: who? which? how?
The nominative case and the singular will help to correctly determine the initial form.
The morphological role is expressed with the help of constant and unstable features.
Determine what is in the sentence.

When constant signs are indicated, the category is immediately determined. If it is a personal form, it can be determined. Which person does the pronoun refer to? Then they move on to gender, number and case. The part of speech, depending on the meaning, will be an addition if it answers questions of indirect cases. If this definition is the question: whose? A circumstance is singled out when the question is asked: where?

An example of morphological analysis of the pronoun "him" as an adjective:

His eyes shone like stars.

A pronoun in a sentence has the form of it.
Among the permanent signs is the possessive, unchangeable, but there are no impermanent ones.
Eyes (whose?) Are his (definition).

Another example of morphological analysis of the pronoun "him" as a noun:

I want to see him.

In a sentence, a part of speech is a pronoun with the initial form "he".
It is distinguished by constant characteristics of its personal form, 3rd person, in the sentence it is in the masculine gender, singular, in the genitive case.
See (who?) Him (addition).

A pronoun is a part of speech that will point to an object and not name it. It characterizes the signs, determines who the object is. To write and speak correctly, you need to know the rules for declension of a part of speech by case, signs and characteristics depending on the category. This will allow you not to make mistakes in the endings and to form sentences correctly.

The pronoun is one of the most important parts of speech in Russian. In terms of its properties, it is very close to a noun, for which it is mainly used to replace, but at the same time, it is really stupid to limit the tasks of a pronoun to only this function. The pronoun indicates a person, without naming him specifically, it serves to connect sentences in the text, and in some cases even to strengthen certain statements. Multifaceted, isn't it? That is why the case of pronouns in sentences is so important - you cannot be careless about such a multifunctional element.

Of course, the case of pronouns, or rather, their declension, obeys practically the same rules as nouns (it has already been said above that these two parts of speech have a lot in common). Pronouns are characterized by the presence of the same six genitive, accusative, dative, instrumental and prepositional) as the noun.

By the way, when pronouns are in all cases, except for the nominative, we can say that the pronouns in Of course, the features of the declension also depend on the category of the pronoun. Some of them, in principle, do not change, in certain categories the changes concern only some individual pronouns. This is exactly what we will deal with. "Cases of pronouns" is the table with which we start.

Let's start with the basics: changing personal pronouns by case. Personal pronouns are well-known me, you, he / she / it, we, you, they... All of them are inclined by case - just substitute the right question and we get the form that we need.

"Cases of pronouns" - a table concerning only the category of personal pronouns.

As can be seen from the table, in the previously mentioned indirect cases, regardless of the number, an additional consonant "n" is obtained. Fortunately, no more peculiarities are observed: the cases of personal pronouns are not complicated, right?

Move on. This category includes a single pronoun myself, which has neither number nor gender, but also retains the same form in all cases. Try to decline it - and you will be convinced of it.

The next category is associated with pronouns that express the belonging of an object to someone. This includes my, your, his / her, our, your, their... Pronoun forms in this category are presented in the following table:

The table shows that in the third person the possessive pronouns do not change at all, while in the first and second one you just need to replace a couple of letters at the beginning - the endings are the same.

By the way, it is with this category that one of the most common mistakes in the modern Russian language is associated. Some people invent such a pronoun as "theirs", and then they also try to inflect it. So, be sure to remember that such a pronoun has never existed in the third person in the plural! Theirs, theirs and only them!

This category serves to ask a question. And this is where the first difficulties begin. Pronouns which ?, whose ?, which? have gender, number, and case. For pronouns who ?, what ?, how much? only case is characteristic, the other categories are alien to him. And the only pronoun that completely breaks the system is what?: it has no case, but changes in gender and number.

The same can be said for relative pronouns. By by and large, relative pronouns are the same interrogative, only without a question mark at the end of the sentence.

It should also be noted that in the pronoun how with declension, the stress remains on the first, and not on the last syllable, as most people think.

We continue to study the change of pronouns in cases with a new category, where there are also certain nuances. Gender, number and case have only no, nobody, whereas nobody, nothing, nobody, nothing, not at all change solely on the last basis, not possessing the rest.

The forms of negative pronouns completely and completely coincide with interrogative-negative, with the only clarification - the addition of a prefix neither / not.

The same can be said about We take a relative pronoun, add postfixes to it - then, - or, - and we get the new kind pronouns: some, something... The declination forms remain the same, which undoubtedly greatly simplifies the work with this type of pronoun. In certain cases, you can add the prefixes not / neither: some, something.

We are getting closer and closer to the end. Next in line is a new category, all pronouns of which have gender, number and case. This includes himself, most, all, everyone, everyone, any, other, different, whole, every... Volumetric, of course, but not difficult at all. We bow further!

					Every kind
					Of every
					Of every
					To everyone
					All kinds of
					About everything

As you can see from the table, the conjugation of pronouns himself, the most and everyone, everyone practically coincide, but you should not rely heavily on memorizing pronoun forms in different cases, it is much easier to just figure out the rule, and then not experience any difficulties.

The last of the categories again pleases us with nuances. Pronouns this, that- (that), that- (that) have number and case, so much- only case, but such is, by analogy with what, absolutely does not want to change in cases, remaining in one and only form.


				So many
				So many
				So many
				So many
				About so many

And again the similarity of pronoun forms that, this... Case, as you can see, the topic is completely elementary, where there is really nothing to memorize.

Of course, there are some peculiarities of pronoun declension. For example, attentive people have long noticed that the case of pronouns is a topic very, very close to the case of adjectives: the endings are exactly the same. The only exceptions to this rule are all, myself: in this situation, you still have to think a little.

Continuing the theme of the pronoun whole, it should be noted that this is the only one where a fluent vowel exists: all-all-all and so on - the root "e" simply drops out, not appearing later in any of the cases.

Moreover, some of the pronouns have so-called archaic forms: any- all kinds of things. They are considered short. And also the pronoun myself feminine accusative ( the very) is actually considered a colloquial form, whereas literary language would like to use the option self(by analogy, they also talk about tu-tuyo- from pronoun that). Researchers also determine the shape the most, with an emphasis on the penultimate letter, but it is considered to be little used and almost forgotten.

Pronoun- this is an independent part of speech that indicates objects, signs, quantities, but does not name them and answers questions who? what? (me, he, we); which? whose? (this, our); as? where? when? (so, there, then) and etc.

Initial form: nominative, singular.
Persistent signs: category, personal pronouns also have a face.
Irregular signs: pronouns, as a rule, change in cases; there are pronouns that, moreover, change in gender and number.

In a sentence, pronouns are:

subject, for example: No one not forgotten nothing not forgotten (O. Berggolts);
additions, for example: He saw her just a week later;
definitions, for example: Oh Volga, cradle my, did anyone love you like me?(N. Nekrasov);
circumstances, for example: Somewhere small hills rose (V. Obruchev);
nominal part compound predicate, for example: Cherry orchard now my! (A. Chekhov.)

According to their meaning and grammatical features, pronouns are divided into several categories:

personal pronouns: me, he, she, it, they, you, you, we.
Personal pronouns indicate persons who are involved in speech. Personal pronouns are unique ( me, you, he, she, it) and plural ( we you they). They change in cases (in some cases, not only the ending changes, but the whole word, for example: me, me, me, me, me (me), about me). Sometimes, with declension at the root, alternation occurs, for example: you - you, me - me... The pronoun of the third person, it changes by gender: he she it... Third person pronouns he, she, it, they after prepositions have at the beginning n, for example: at him, in front of her, under him.
Pronouns you, your are often used as a form of courtesy to one person. In this case, they are capitalized: You, your.
returnable pronoun myself;
Pronoun myself denotes that an action performed by someone is directed at the actor himself. Reflexive pronouns answer questions whom? to whom? etc. It does not have the form of gender, person, number, nominative case (it can be attributed to any person singular and plural, to any gender). In a sentence the pronoun myself usually serves as a complement, for example: Boy doused myself water... Less commonly, it can be a circumstance, for example: Svitsov jumped up and, asleep, began to rummage around myself looking for a garrison cap(K. Simonov).
interrogative pronouns: who? what? which? whose? what? how? which the?
Interrogative pronouns are used in interrogative sentences, they introduce interrogative intonation, for example: Where are you rushing, troika Rus? (N. Gogol.) Interrogative pronouns who? what? how? change in cases. Pronouns which? whose? which the?- by gender, number and case, and pronouns do not change;
relative pronouns: who, what, what, what, how much, whose, which.
Relative pronouns are used without question for communication simple sentences as part of complex, for example: We were told when to go... Pronouns which, which, whose change in cases, numbers and gender and are inflected as adjectives. They agree with nouns in case, number and gender;
undefined pronouns: someone, something, a few, some, some, something, someone.
Such pronouns indicate indefinite objects, signs, quantities, for example: He was ready to go to the ends of the world to do anything(M. Gorky). Indefinite pronouns are formed from interrogative by adding a particle not, which turns into the prefix ( not who, not how many), and particles something, something, something (who- sometime, which- then, what- or, some what ).

someone, something change in the same way as those interrogative pronouns from which they are derived. Pronouns someone, something someone something
negative pronouns: nobody, nothing, nobody, nothing, nobody, nobody, nothing.
Negative pronouns indicate the absence of objects, signs, quantities, serve to strengthen the negative meaning of the sentence. They are formed from interrogative pronouns by adding particles nor or not which then turn into prefixes. Negative pronouns change in the same way as interrogative ones from which they were formed (in cases, numbers and gender). Pronouns no one, no what
possessive pronouns: my, your, your, your, our, her, him, them.
Such pronouns indicate to which person the object belongs and answer the question whose? (Whose? Whose? Whose?). Possessive pronouns change, like adjectives, by gender, number and case.

Note. Also, to express belonging, personal pronouns of a third person in the genitive form ( him, her, them), for example: His killer aimed his blow in cold blood.
indicative pronouns: one, this, such, such, so much, from there, so, here.
Such pronouns serve to highlight a certain object, feature, quantity among others like it, for example: All this would be funny if it weren't so sad(M. Lermontov).

Pronouns that, this, such change in gender, number and case, pronoun such is- by gender and number, and the pronoun so many- only in cases. The words and others do not change at all.
determinative pronouns: all, each, everyone, himself, himself, any, different, other.
Such pronouns clarify the subject in question, give it the meaning of emphasis or generalization, for example: With every twig, the living forest talks to me(L. Tatyanicheva).

Definitive pronouns himself, all, everyone, everyone, anyone, etc. change in gender, number and case, and pronouns everywhere, always, everywhere do not change.

1. Declination of personal pronouns.

Case
Nominative	I am	you	he	she	we	they
Genitive	me	you	him, him	her	US	them, them
Dative	to me	you	to him, to him	with her, her	US	them, them
Accusative	me	you	him, him	her, about her	US	them, them
Instrumental	me	you	them, them	with her, with her	us	them, them
Prepositional	(about me	(about you	(about him	(about her	(about Us

2. Declination of pronoun myself.

3. Declination of interrogative pronouns.

Interrogative pronouns who? what? how? which? whose? which the? change in cases, and pronouns where? where? where? when? why? why? as? do not bend.

4. Declination of relative pronouns.

Pronouns which, which, whose change in cases and are declined like adjectives.

Declination of pronouns who, what, whose
Case	Singular				Plural
Nominative	who	what	whose, whose	whose	whose
Genitive	whom	what	whose	whose	whose
Dative	to whom	what	whose	whose	whose
Accusative	whom	what	whose, whose, whose	whose	whose, whose
Instrumental	by whom	how	whose	whose	whose
Prepositional	(oh) com	(about what	(about) whose	(about) whose	(about) whose

5. Declination of indefinite pronouns.

Indefinite pronouns except someone, something, change in the same way as those interrogative pronouns from which they are formed. Pronouns someone, something do not change in cases: word someone has the nominative form, something- the form of the nominative or accusative case.

6. Declination of negative pronouns.

Negative pronouns are inflected in the same way as interrogative pronouns from which they were formed. But: pronouns no one, no what do not have the nominative case.

7. Decline of possessive pronouns.

Possessive pronouns change in cases, like adjectives.

8. Declension of demonstrative pronouns.

Pronouns this, this, such, so much change in cases, and the words there, here, here, so, then, therefore and others do not change at all.

Case	Declination of pronouns that much
Nominative	that	so many
Genitive	Togo	so many
Dative	to that	so many
Accusative	that (that)	so many
Instrumental	themes	so many
Prepositional	(about those	(oh) so many

9. Declination attributive pronouns.

Definitive pronouns himself, all, everyone, everyone, any and others change in cases, and pronouns everywhere, always, everywhere no.

Declination of pronoun most
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	most	the most
Genitive	most	the most
Dative	most	the most
Accusative	most	most, most
Instrumental	the most	the most
Prepositional	(about) the very	(about) the most

His / her / him

His / her / him

To him / her / him

About him / her / him

1) Pronouns with particles -something -something and the prefix something are written with a hyphen, for example: somebody, something, some, something, something why.
But: if the particle something separated from the pronoun by a preposition, then it is written separately, for example: from someone, about something.

2) Prefixed negative pronouns not- and nor- are written together. H e - is written under stress, nor-- without stress, for example: no one - no one, no time - never.
But: if not- and nor- separated from the pronoun by a preposition, then they are written separately, for example: no one, about anything.

3) Combinations none other, like nothing else how contain opposition, and is not a negative particle and is written separately, for example: A fairy tale in folklore is nothing but story of a fictional event... And the combinations nobody else and nothing else do not express opposition and are used in sentences where there is a negation with the predicate. In this case nor- plays the role of a word-forming prefix and is written together, for example: it nor other than irresponsibility cannot be explained.

4) Demonstrative pronouns therefore, then, from here, from there, therefore etc. are written together.

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Pronouns of various categories have their own characteristics of change in cases. Now we will analyze some of them in more detail.

1. Cases of personal pronouns

In indirect cases, these pronouns change not only the endings, but also the stem:

I. p. me, you, we, you, he, it, she, they

R. p. me, you, us, you, him, him, her, them

D. p. me, you, us, you, him, him, her, them

V. p. me, you, us, you, him, him, her, them

Ect. me (me), you (you), us, you, them, them, her (her), them

P. p. (about) me, (about) you, (about) us, (about) you, (about) him, (about) him, (about) her, (about) them.

The pronouns 1 and 2 of the singular person do not have clearly fixed categories of gender; they are used in masculine, feminine, and average.

Pronouns of the 3rd person, when declining, can lose their initial consonant she - but her, etc.

2. For the reflexive pronoun itself, there are only indirect case forms. It also declines as a personal pronoun you:

Ect. myself (myself)

P. p. (About Me

3. Some pronouns with gender and number categories change in cases according to the same rules as adjectives. This applies to:
- · Possessive pronouns (mine, yours, ours, yours);
- · Indicative (one, this, such);
- · Interrogative / relative (which, which, whose);
- · Attributive (very, itself, all, everyone, other).

I. p. our, our, our, our; such, such, such, such

R. p. ours, ours, ours, ours; such, such, such, such

D. p. our, our, our, our; such, such, such, such

V. p. ours, ours, ours, ours; such, such, such, such

Ect. ours, ours, ours, ours; such, such, such, such

P. p. (about) our, (about) our, (about) our, (about) our; (oh) such, (oh) such, (oh) such, (oh) such

The definitive pronouns itself and most, although similar, are inclined differently. The difference is indicated mainly by stress:

I. p. SAMY, SAM

R. p. itself, itself

D. p. very, very

V. p. itself, itself

Ect. by itself, by itself

P. p. (o) sama, (o) himself

Pay attention to the declension of the attributive pronouns whole, everything, everything:

I. p. all, all, all

R. p. all, all, all

D. p. everything, everything, everything

V. p. all, all, all

Ect. all, all (all), all

P. p. (about) everything, (about) everything, (about) all

When declining feminine and neuter pronouns, only the endings change, but in the masculine gender the stem also changes.

4. For interrogative / relative (who, what) and negative (nobody, nothing) pronouns formed from them, the bases change when changing in cases:

I. p. who, what, nobody, nothing

R. p. who, what, nobody, nothing

D. p. to whom, what, nobody, nothing

V. p. who, what, nobody, nothing

Ect. who, what, nothing, nothing

P. p. (about) whom, (about) anything, about anyone, about anything.

Moreover, in the prepositional case, the preposition breaks negative pronouns into three words.

5. Like reflexive pronouns, some negative pronouns do not have a nominative form:

R. p. no one

D. p. no one

V. p. no one

Ect. no one

P. p. not about anyone.

6. Indefinite pronouns are also declined as interrogative / relative pronouns from which they are derived:

I. p. some, some

R. p. any, something

D. p. something, something

V. p. some, some

Ect. by some, by some

P. p. (about) any, about something

7. There are variable case forms for the indefinite pronoun a certain:

I. p. a certain

R. p. some

D. p. to some

V. p. no one

Ect. some (some)

P. p. (oh) some

Variant case forms exist for this pronoun and in other gender / number.

8. Some demonstrative (such), relative (what), indefinite (someone, something) pronouns do not change in cases. Pronouns-adverbs do not incline where, where, when, so.

Pronouns belong to a special group of demonstrative words, i.e. not naming objects and phenomena, their quantity or signs, but only pointing to them. What person or object is being discussed can be understood only thanks to the surrounding sentences (context). Pronouns are closely related to other parts of speech, which makes it possible to determine their case. There are also some nuances - we will consider them.

The ratio of pronouns to parts of speech
So, pronouns can be correlated with other parts of speech, and they answer the same questions as parts of speech. These are the following types of pronouns:

generalized subject, correlated with nouns ( who, nothing, anything and etc.);
generalized-qualitative, correlated with adjectives ( which, no, nobody's and etc.);
generalized quantitative, correlated with numerals ( how much, how much).

It can be noted that pronouns share some grammatical features with these parts of speech.

Like nouns, generalized object pronouns can be declined, and the case forms will be completely independent. It is enough to ask the same questions as you would ask for nouns.

Nominative. I AM heard a lot about you. (who?- in a sentence it is a subject)
Genitive. Whom did you invite
Dative. Her like listening to music. (to whom?)
Accusative. My brother saw his. (whom? what?)
Instrumental. How is he guilty?
Prepositional. You probably know about him. (about whom? about what?)

Generalized qualitative pronouns, like adjectives, have case, gender, and number forms. Here are some examples. This song(i.p. - who? what ?, railroad, singular) was very beautiful. Of this poems(r.p. - who? what ?, Wed genus, singular h.) I didn't compose. He knows of these of people(vp - who? what ?, plural).

As for generalized quantitative pronouns, they, as numerals, do not have the forms of numbers and gender, but change in cases. I AM so many learned a new one! How many places we have not seen yet!

Features of changing pronouns
When the case (i.e. declension) of pronouns is changed, not only their endings, but also the whole word can change. This is due to how pronouns have changed historically, in the distant past. For example, the pronoun I am- me (whom?), Me (whom?), Me (whom?), Me (whom?), About me (about whom?)... Pronoun she- her (whom?), Her (whom?), Her (whom? What?), Her (her) (whom?), About her (about whom?)... It is noticeable that in the instrumental case there is a special form her , - using it, you can avoid mixing with the dative case.

Some pronouns have a sound after the preposition n ... The form her is used in colloquial speech, and the form by her- in the book, especially in the poetry. As for the genitive case (pronoun with prepositions from and at) - together with forms from her, she recognized the existence of forms from her, from her, but only as a colloquial form.

Pronoun myself is not independent. This reflexive pronoun only indicates that each of the three persons refers to itself. Therefore, this pronoun does not have a nominative form, although otherwise it declines in the same way as the pronoun you : you - yourself, you - yourself, you - yourself, you - you - yourself, about you - about yourself. No nominative and pronouns nothing , no one .

You need to remember pronouns that do not change at all in cases. These are pronouns something , someone as well as the pronoun such is ... As for negative pronouns - nothing , no one - they lean, and in the same way as what , who ... In the prepositional case, the preposition breaks the negative pronoun: about nothing , about no one .

And finally, there are special prepositional forms for pronouns you , we - these forms must be remembered in the following form: I miss for you (this is - dative) or about you (this is a prepositional case) - but not "for you", Do not be sad about Us ... An outdated and colloquial option is I miss for you (prepositional).