Where is the territory of the West Siberian Plain located. Height parameters of the West Siberian Plain

The West Siberian Plain is one of the largest flat areas in the world, covering approximately 80% of Western Siberia.

Features of nature

In terms of total area, the West Siberian Plain is surpassed only by the Amazonian. The plain stretches from the coast Kara Sea south to north of Kazakhstan. The total area of ​​the West Siberian Plain is about 3 million square kilometers. km 2. Predominantly wide gently sloping and flat interfluves, which separate terraced valleys, prevail here.

The altitude amplitudes of the plain range on average between 20 and 200 m above sea level, but even the highest points reach 250 m.

On the lands of the West Siberian Plain, a continental climate dominates, the level of precipitation here is different: in the tundra and steppe regions - about 200 mm per year, in the taiga area it increases to 700 mm. General average temperatures - - 16°C in winter, + 15°C in summer.

Large full-flowing rivers flow on the territory of the plain, in particular the Yenisei, Taz, Irtysh and Ob. There are also very large lakes (Ubinskoye, Chany), and many smaller ones, some of them are salty. Some regions of the West Siberian Plain are characterized by wetlands. The center of the northern part is continuous permafrost. Solonchaks and solonetzes are common in the extreme south of the plain. The western-northern territory in all respects corresponds to the temperate zone - forest-steppe, steppe, taiga, deciduous forests.

Flora of the West Siberian Plain

The flat relief significantly contributes to zoning in the distribution of vegetation cover. The zonality of this territory has significant differences in comparison with similar zones in Eastern Europe. Due to difficulties in runoff, lichens, mosses and shrubs grow predominantly in wetlands in the north of the plains. Southern landscapes are formed under the influence of groundwater with a high level of salinity.

About 30% of the area of ​​the plain is occupied by arrays coniferous trees, many of which are swampy. Smaller areas are covered with dark coniferous taiga - spruces, firs and cedars. Occasionally, broad-leaved tree species are found in the southern regions. In the southern part there are very common birch forests, many of which are secondary.

Fauna of the West Siberian Plain

More than 450 species of vertebrates live in the expanses of the West Siberian Plain, of which 80 species belong to mammals. Many species are protected by law, as they belong to the category of rare and endangered. IN Lately, the fauna of the plain was significantly enriched with acclimatized species - muskrat, hare, teleutka squirrel, American mink.

In reservoirs live mainly carp and bream. In the eastern part of the West Siberian Plain, some eastern species are found: chipmunk, Dzungarian hamster, etc. In most cases, the fauna of this territory is not much different from the animal world of the Russian Plain.

west siberian plain c, west siberian plain

West Siberian Plain on the map of Western Siberia (mountainous regions are separated by a dotted line)
62° N sh. 76° E  / 62° N sh. 76° E d. / 62; 76 (G) (O) (I) Coordinates: 62° N sh. 76° E  / 62° N sh. 76° E d. / 62; 76 (G) (O) (I)
Country	Russia, Russia Kazakhstan Kazakhstan
Length from north to south	2500 km
Length from west to east	1900 km
Area	2.6 million km²
Rivers	Ob, Irtysh, Yenisei

West Siberian Plain- a plain in northern Asia, occupies the entire western part of Siberia from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Central Siberian Plateau in the east. In the north it is bounded by the coast of the Kara Sea, in the south it extends to the Kazakh hills, in the southeast the West Siberian Plain, gradually rising, is replaced by the foothills of Altai, Salair, Kuznetsk Alatau and Mountain Shoria. The plain has the shape of a trapezoid narrowing to the north: the distance from its southern border to the northern reaches almost 2500 km, the width is from 800 to 1900 km, and the area is only slightly less than 3 million km².

The West Siberian Plain is the most inhabited and developed (especially in the south) part of Siberia. within its borders are the Tyumen, Kurgan, Omsk, Novosibirsk and Tomsk regions, the eastern regions of the Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk regions, a significant part of the Altai Territory, the western regions of the Krasnoyarsk Territory (about 1/7 of the area of ​​Russia), as well as the northern and northeastern regions of Kazakhstan.

• 1 Relief and geological structure
• 2 Climate
• 3 Hydrography
• 4 Natural areas
• 5 Gallery
• 6 See also
• 7 Notes
• 8 Links

Relief and geological structure

Southern border of Western Siberia: view of the plain from the spurs of the Altai Mountains (mountain Tserkovka in Belokurikha) Border of the West Siberian Plain and the Kazakh Upland Kulunda Steppe

The surface of the West Siberian Lowland is flat with a rather insignificant elevation difference. However, the relief of the plain is quite diverse. The lowest parts of the plain (50-100 m) are located mainly in the central (Kondinskaya and Sredneobskaya lowlands) and northern (Nizhneobskaya, Nadymskaya and Purskaya lowlands) parts of it. Low (up to 200-250 m) elevations stretch along the western, southern and eastern outskirts: the North Sosvinskaya and Turinskaya, Ishimskaya plains, the Ob and Chulym-Yenisei plateaus, the Ketsko-Tymskaya, Upper Taz and Lower Yenisei uplands. A distinctly pronounced strip of uplands is formed in the inner part of the plain by the Siberian Uvaly (average height - 140-150 m), extending from the west from the Ob to the east to the Yenisei, and the Vasyugan Plain parallel to them.

The relief of the plain is largely due to its geological structure. The epihercynian West Siberian Plate lies at the base of the West Siberian Plain, the foundation of which is composed of intensely dislocated Paleozoic deposits. The formation of the West Siberian Plate began in the Upper Jurassic, when, as a result of breaking, destruction and regeneration, the vast territory between the Urals and the Siberian platform sank, and a huge sedimentary basin arose. In the course of its development, the West Siberian Plate was more than once captured by marine transgressions. At the end of the Lower Oligocene, the sea left the West Siberian plate, and it turned into a huge lacustrine-alluvial plain. In the middle and late Oligocene and Neogene, the northern part of the plate experienced uplift, which was replaced by subsidence in the Quaternary. General move development of the plate with the subsidence of colossal spaces resembles the process of oceanization that has not reached its end. This feature of the plate is emphasized by the phenomenal development of waterlogging.

The basement of the West Siberian plate is covered with a cover of loose marine and continental Mesozoic-Cenozoic rocks (clays, sandstones, marls, etc.) with a total thickness of over 1000 m (in the basement depressions up to 3000-4000 m). The youngest, Anthropogenic, deposits in the south are alluvial and lacustrine, often covered with loess and loess-like loams; in the north - glacial, marine and glacial-marine (up to 200 m thick in places). In the northern part of the West Siberian plate (the most submerged) are the Nadym-Tazov and Yamalo-Gydan syneclises, separated by a narrow sublatitudinal Messoyakha megaswell. In the central part of the West Siberian Plate, there are several anteclises elongated in the longitudinal direction, syneclises and narrow deep trenches: the Khanty-Mansiysk syneclise, the Khantei anteclise (with the Surgut and Nizhnevartovsk arches), the Pursky trench (over the southern part of the Koltogorsk-Urengoysky rift), the Ket-Vakhskaya anteclise and the Khudosei trench with the Chulym syneclise. To the south of the Ket-Vakh and Khantei anteclises are the sublatitudinally elongated Middle Irtysh and Kulunda syneclises.

Separate geological structures, despite a thick layer of sediments, are reflected in the relief of the plain: for example, the Verkhnetazovsky and Lyulimvor uplands correspond to gentle anticlines, and the Baraba and Kondinsky lowlands are confined to syneclises of the basement of the plate. However, discordant (inversion) morphostructures are also not uncommon in Western Siberia. These include, for example, the Vasyugan Plain, which formed on the site of a gently sloping syneclise, and the Chulym-Yenisei Plateau, located in the basement trough zone.

The cuff of loose deposits contains horizons groundwater- fresh and mineralized (including brine), there are also hot (up to 100-150 ° C) waters. There are industrial deposits of oil and natural gas (the West Siberian oil and gas basin). the Khanty-Mansiysk syneclise, Krasnoselsky, Salymsky and Surgutsky regions, in the layers of the Bazhenov formation at a depth of 2 km there are the largest reserves of shale oil in Russia.

Climate

The north of the West Siberian Plain - the Yamal, Tazovsky and Gydan Peninsulas. The West Siberian Plain. Spill of the rivers Taz and Ob. July, 2002

The West Siberian Plain is characterized by a harsh, fairly continental climate. Its large length from north to south determines the distinct zonality of the climate and significant differences in climatic conditions in the northern and southern parts of Western Siberia. The proximity of the Arctic Ocean also has a significant effect on the continental climate of Western Siberia. The flat relief contributes to the exchange of air masses between its northern and southern regions.

IN cold period within the plain, there is an interaction of the region with a relatively high atmospheric pressure, located above the southern part of the plain, and an area of ​​low pressure, which in the first half of winter extends as a hollow of the Icelandic baric minimum over the Kara Sea and the northern peninsulas. In winter, masses of continental air of temperate latitudes predominate, which come from Eastern Siberia or are formed on the spot as a result of air cooling over the territory of the plain.

Cyclones often pass in the border zone of areas of high and low pressure. Therefore, the weather in the coastal provinces is very unstable in winter; on the coast of Yamal and the Gydan Peninsula occur strong winds, the speed of which reaches 35-40 m / s. The temperature here is even somewhat higher than in the neighboring forest-tundra provinces located between 66 and 69°N. sh. Further south, however, winter temperatures gradually rise again. In general, winter is characterized by stable low temperatures, few thaws. The minimum temperatures throughout Western Siberia are almost the same. Even near the southern border of the country, in Barnaul, there are frosts down to -50 -52 °. Spring is short, dry and comparatively cold; April, even in the forest-marsh zone, is not yet quite a spring month.

IN warm time year, a lower pressure is established over Western Siberia, and an area of ​​more high pressure. Due to this summer, weak northerly or northeasterly winds predominate, and the role of western air transport is noticeably enhanced. In May there is a rapid increase in temperatures, but often, with the intrusions of arctic air masses, there are returns of cold weather and frosts. The warmest month is July average temperature which - from 3.6 ° on the island of Bely to 21-22 ° in the Pavlodar region. The absolute maximum temperature is from 21° in the north (Bely Island) to 44° in the extreme southern regions (Rubtsovsk). High summer temperatures in the southern half of Western Siberia are explained by the inflow of heated continental air here from the south - from Kazakhstan and Central Asia. Autumn comes late.

Most of the precipitation falls in the summer and is brought by air masses coming from the west, from the Atlantic. the period from May to October Western Siberia receives up to 70-80% of the annual precipitation. There are especially many of them in July and August, which is explained by intensive activity on the Arctic and polar fronts. The amount of winter precipitation is relatively low and ranges from 5 to 20-30 mm/month. In the south, in some winter months, snow sometimes does not fall at all. Significant fluctuations in the amount of precipitation in different years are characteristic. So, in the forest-steppe zone, where, with an average long-term precipitation of about 300-350 mm / year, up to 550-600 mm / year falls in wet years, and only 170-180 mm / year in dry years. The extreme southern regions of Western Siberia are characterized by droughts, which occur mainly in May and June.

The duration of snow cover in the northern regions reaches 240-270 days, and in the south - 160-170 days. The thickness of the snow cover in the tundra and steppe zones in February is 20-40 cm, in the forest-marsh zone - from 50-60 cm in the west to 70-100 cm in the eastern Yenisei regions.

The harsh climate of the northern regions of Western Siberia contributes to the freezing of soils and widespread permafrost. On the Yamal, Tazovsky and Gydansky peninsulas, permafrost is found everywhere. In these areas of its continuous (confluent) distribution, the thickness of the frozen layer is very significant (up to 300-600 m), and its temperatures are low (in watershed spaces - 4, -9 °, in valleys -2, -8 °). Further south, within the limits of the northern taiga up to a latitude of about 64°, permafrost occurs already in the form of isolated islands interspersed with taliks. Its thickness decreases, temperatures rise to 0.5-1°, and the depth of summer thawing also increases, especially in areas composed of mineral rocks.

Hydrography

The Ob River near Barnaul The Vasyugan River in its upper course

The territory of the plain is located within the large West Siberian artesian basin, in which hydrogeologists distinguish several basins of the second order: Tobolsk, Irtysh, Kulunda-Barnaul, Chulym, Ob and others. sandstones) and water-resistant rocks, artesian basins are characterized by a significant number of aquifers associated with suites of various ages - Jurassic, Cretaceous, Paleogene and Quaternary. The groundwater quality of these horizons is very different. In most cases, artesian waters of deep horizons are more mineralized than those lying closer to the surface.

More than 2000 rivers flow on the territory of the West Siberian Plain, total length which exceeds 250 thousand km. These rivers carry about 1200 km³ of water into the Kara Sea annually - 5 times more than the Volga. The density of the river network is not very large and varies in different places depending on the relief and climatic features: in the Tavda basin it reaches 350 km, and in the Baraba forest-steppe - only 29 km per 1000 km². Some southern regions of the country with a total area of ​​more than 445 thousand km² belong to the territories of closed flow and are distinguished by an abundance of endorheic lakes.

The main sources of food for most rivers are melted snow water and summer-autumn rains. In accordance with the nature of food sources, the runoff is seasonally uneven: approximately 70-80% of its annual amount occurs in spring and summer. Especially a lot of water flows down during the spring flood, when the level of large rivers rises by 7-12 m (in the lower reaches of the Yenisei even up to 15-18 m). for a long time (in the south - five, and in the north - eight months), the West Siberian rivers are ice-bound. Therefore, the winter months account for no more than 10% of the annual runoff.

The rivers of Western Siberia, including the largest ones - the Ob, Irtysh and Yenisei, are characterized by slight slopes and low speed currents. So, for example, the fall of the Ob channel in the section from Novosibirsk to the mouth over 3000 km is only 90 m, and the speed of its flow does not exceed 0.5 m/sec.

There are about one million lakes on the West Siberian Plain, the total area of ​​which is more than 100 thousand km². According to the origin of the basins, they are divided into several groups: occupying the primary irregularities of the flat relief; thermokarst; moraine-glacial; lakes of river valleys, which in turn are divided into floodplain and oxbow lakes. Peculiar lakes - "fogs" - are found in the Ural part of the plain. They are located in wide valleys, flood in the spring, sharply reducing their size in the summer, and by autumn, many disappear altogether. the southern regions of the lake are often filled with salt water. The West Siberian Lowland holds the world record for the number of swamps per unit area (the area of ​​the wetland is about 800 thousand square kilometers). The reasons for this phenomenon are the following factors: excessive moisture, flat relief, permafrost and the ability of peat, which is available here in large quantities, to hold a significant amount of water.

natural areas

Yamal tundra

The large length from north to south contributes to a pronounced latitudinal zonality in the distribution of soils and vegetation cover. within the country there are gradually replacing one another tundra, forest-tundra, forest-bog, forest-steppe and steppe zones. Sufficient in all areas large areas occupied by lakes and swamps. Typical zonal landscapes are located on dissected and better drained upland and riverine areas. In poorly drained interfluve spaces, the runoff from which is difficult, and the soils are usually highly moistened, marsh landscapes prevail in the northern provinces, and landscapes formed under the influence of saline groundwater in the south.

A large area is occupied by the tundra zone, which is explained by the northern position of the West Siberian Plain. To the south is the forest-tundra zone. The forest-bog zone occupies about 60% of the territory of the West Siberian Plain. Broad-leaved and coniferous-broad-leaved forests are absent here. The strip of coniferous forests is followed by a narrow zone of small-leaved (mainly birch) forests. An increase in the continentality of the climate causes a relatively sharp transition, compared to the East European Plain, from forest-bog landscapes to dry steppe spaces in the southern regions of the West Siberian Plain. Therefore, the width of the forest-steppe zone in Western Siberia is much less than on the East European Plain, and of the tree species it contains mainly birch and aspen. the extreme southern part of the West Siberian lowland is the steppe zone, which is mostly plowed up. the flat landscape of the southern regions of Western Siberia is varied by manes - sandy ridges 3-10 meters high (sometimes up to 30 meters), covered with pine forests.

Gallery

Windmills on the Siberian Plain
(S. M. Prokudin-Gorsky, 1912)

Village in Tomsk Oblast

Landscape of the West Siberian Plain

Floodplain Tom

Mariinsky forest-steppes

see also

• West Siberian subtaiga

Notes

1. 1 2 3 Western Siberia: a brief physical and geographical overview
2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
3. Russia. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved June 24, 2013. Archived from the original on August 22, 2011.
4. 1 2 3 4 Western Siberia
5. 1 2
6. Milanovsky E.E. Geology of Russia and neighboring countries (Northern Eurasia) - M .: Publishing House of Moscow State University, 1996. - 448 p. ISBN 6-211-03387-6
7. About the Bazhenov formation "Expert" No. 12 (746)
8. 1 2 West Siberian Plain: general characteristics
9. 1 2 Western Siberia

Links

• West Siberian Plain - article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia
• The West Siberian Plain in the book: N. A. Gvozdetsky, N. I. Mikhailov. physical geography THE USSR. M., 1978.
• Kröner, A. (2015) The Central Asian Orogenic Belt.

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West Siberian Plain

The West Siberian Lowland covers an area of ​​about 3 million square kilometers. It covers 1/7 of the entire territory of Russia. The width of the plain varies. In the northern part it is about 800 km, and in the southern part it reaches 1900 km.

Areas

The West Siberian lowland is considered the most densely populated part of Siberia. On its territory there are several large regions, such as Omsk, Tyumen and Kurgan, as well as Novosibirsk and Tomsk. The greatest development of the lowland is noted in its southern part.

Climatic conditions

The climate in the lowland is dominated by continental, rather severe. Due to the large length of the West Siberian Plain from north to south, there are significant differences in the climate of the southern part from the northern one. The proximity of the Arctic Ocean plays an important role in the formation of weather conditions, as well as the fact that there are no obstacles on the plain to the movement of air masses from north to south and their mixing.

In the cold season, an area of ​​increased pressure appears over the southern part of the lowland, while in the north it decreases. Cyclones form at the boundary of air masses. Because of this, in regions located on the coast, the weather is very unstable in winter. can reach 40 meters per second. Winter throughout the territory of such a plain as the West Siberian Lowland is characterized by stable sub-zero temperatures, the minimum can reach -52 o C. Spring comes late and is cold and dry, warming occurs only in May.

In the warm season, the situation is reversed. Pressure rises over the Arctic Ocean, which causes northerly winds to blow throughout the summer. But they are pretty weak. July is considered the hottest time within the boundaries of the plain, called the West Siberian Lowland. During this period, in its northern part, the maximum temperature reaches 21 o C, and in the south - 40 o C. Such high marks in the south can be explained by the fact that the border with Kazakhstan and Central Asia passes here. This is where warm air masses come from.

The West Siberian lowland, whose height varies from 140 to 250 m, is characterized by winter with little precipitation. At this time of the year, only about 5-20 millimeters falls. What can not be said about the warm season, when 70% of annual precipitation pours onto the earth.

Permafrost is widespread in the northern part of the lowland. The earth freezes to a depth of 600 meters.

Rivers

So, compare the West Siberian Lowland and the Central Siberian Plateau. A strong enough difference will be that the plateau is indented by a huge number of rivers. There are practically no wetlands here. However, there are a lot of rivers on the plain. There are about 2 thousand of them. All of them together bring up to 1200 cubic kilometers of water into the Kara Sea every year. That's an amazing amount. After all, one cubic kilometer contains 1,000,000,000,000 (trillion) liters. Most of the rivers of Western Siberia are fed by melt water or precipitation in summer. Most of the water drains during the warm season. When a thaw occurs, the level in the rivers can rise by more than 15 meters, and in winter they are ice-bound. Therefore, during the cold period, the runoff is only 10%.

The rivers of this part of Siberia are characterized by slow currents. This is due to the flat terrain and slight slopes. For example, the Ob for 3,000 km drops by only 90 m. Because of this, the speed of its flow does not exceed half a meter per second.

lakes

There are even more lakes in these parts than rivers. And many times more. There are about a million of them. But almost all of them are small. A feature of local lakes is that many of them are filled with salt water. They also overflow very strongly in the spring. But over the summer they can significantly decrease in size, and by autumn they can completely disappear. During the last period, thanks to precipitation, the lakes are filled with water again, freeze in winter, and the cycle repeats. This is not the case with all water bodies, but with the so-called “mist” lakes that occupy the territory of this lowland - the West Siberian Plain. It is also characterized by another type of lakes. They occupy the natural unevenness of the relief, various pits and depressions.

swamps

Another feature of Western Siberia is that it beats all records in terms of the number of swamps. It is within the boundaries of this lowland that spilled which are considered one of the largest on the entire globe. Increased waterlogging is due to the high content of peat in the ground. The substance is able to retain a lot of water, because of this, “dead” areas appear. The area itself also contributes to the formation of swamps. A plain without drops does not allow water to drain, and it remains in a practically immobile state, eroding and softening the soil.

natural areas

Due to the fact that Western Siberia is strongly stretched from north to south, transitions are observed in it. They change from tundra in the north to deserts and semi-deserts in the south. Part of the lowland is occupied by the tundra zone, which is explained by the general northern position of the entire territory of the plain. To the south, the tundra gradually turns into the forest-tundra, and then into the forest-bog zone. The latter occupies 60% of the entire territory of Western Siberia.

There is a rather sharp transition to the steppe regions. Birch is the most common here, as well as aspen. In addition to them, the Plowed Steppe Zone also occupies the extreme southern position in the plain. West Siberian lowland, geographical position which is directly related to the distribution by zones, also creates favorable conditions for a pine forest located on low sandy spits.

The region is rich in representatives of the animal world. For example, about 99 species of mammals live here. Among them are fur-bearing animals such as arctic foxes, weasels and sables. There are large predators - bears and lynxes. Also, many birds live in these parts. In the reserves there are peregrine falcons, hawks and golden eagles. There are also birds listed in the Red Book. For example, a black stork or a white-tailed eagle.

Mineral resources

Compare the geographical location of the West Siberian Lowland with any other, and it will become clear that it is in the described plain that about 70% of oil production is concentrated. The plain is also rich in deposits hard coal. The total area of ​​land rich in these resources is estimated at 2 million square meters. km. The timber industry is also well developed. The greatest advantage is given to coal mining in the Kuzbass.

Central Siberian Plateau

Compared to the West Siberian Lowland, the Central Siberian Plateau is not waterlogged due to the fact that it is located on a hill. However, the river system is denser, which is also fed by rain and melting snow. Permafrost is ubiquitous. The climate on the plateau is sharply continental, which is why, as in the West Siberian Lowland, there are large temperature fluctuations in winter. The average in the north reaches -44 o C, and in the south -22 o C. This is also typical for summer period. There is less variety of animals, but bears, reindeer and hares are also found. The plateau, as well as rich in oil and gas deposits. To this are added various ores and

one of the largest on earth. Takes b. h. Zap. Siberia, stretching from the coast of the Kara Sea in the north to the Kazakh uplands in the south, from the Urals in the west to the Central Siberian Plateau in the east. OK. 3 million km². Wide flat or gently sloping interfluves, separated by terraced valleys, predominate. Height amplitudes from 20 to 200 m (max. up to 300 m). In the north, moraine hills and ridges are combined with young sea and alluvial (river) plains; in the south, lacustrine and lacustrine-alluvial plains are interspersed with ridges ( Barabinskaya, Kulunda Plain ). Z.-S. R. covers a thick cover of sedimentary rocks, which contain large accumulations of oil and gas. The climate is continental, precipitation from 200 (tundra, steppes) to 600 (taiga) mm per year. dense river network Ob , Irtysh , Yenisei , Taz and their tributaries). many large ( vats , Ubinskoye etc.) and countless small lakes, incl. salty. Extensive marshes and swampy forests. The north is continuous, with insular permafrost in the center. In the extreme south there are solonetzes and solonchaks. On W.-S. R. all zones and subzones of the temperate zone are represented: tundra, forest-tundra, taiga, deciduous forests, forest-steppe, steppe.

Dictionary of modern geographical names. - Yekaterinburg: U-Factoria. Under the general editorship of Acad. V. M. Kotlyakova. 2006 .

West Siberian Plain

(West Siberian lowland), in the north of Eurasia, between the Kazakh hills and Altai in the south, the Urals in the west, the coast of the Kara Sea in the north and the Central Siberian plateau in the east. Almost entirely within Russia, partly in Kazakhstan. One of the great lowland plains the globe. Length from north to south approx. 2500 km, from west to east up to 1900 km; sq. OK. 3 million km². At the base of the deep A folded Paleozoic basement occurs at 1000–4000 m. On it is a cover of loose sedimentary rocks of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic, which contain fresh and mineralized, including hot, groundwater. It also contains colossal reserves of oil and natural gas, which are being developed in West Siberian oil and gas province. Most of the plain does not rise above 150 m above sea level. m., max. high (more than 300 m) are confined to the foothills of the Urals and Altai. To the center. parts of the plain in latitude extend Siberian Ridges(height up to 285 m). Parts with their own names stand out: relatively elevated "continents" - Belogorsk, Tobolsk; relatively lowered steppes - Ishim, Baraba; plains - Vasyugan and others. Significant ter. has an almost perfectly flat relief, especially within wide interfluves. In the north it is complicated by moraine hills and ridges, in the south by low parallel ridges. The climate is continental, subarctic in the north. Wed January temperatures vary depending on latitude from -28 to -16 ° C, July - from 4 to 22 ° C. Precipitation falls from 200 to 600 mm per year. All in. permafrost is common in the districts. Ch. river Ob, its tributaries drain most of the plain. Other rivers include the Pur and Taz in the north, and the left tributaries of the Yenisei in the east. there is an empty area. Up to 70% ter. the plains are swampy. Associated with this is the formation of numerous small lakes in the north, including those of thermokarst origin. Relatively large lakes are concentrated in the south (Chany, Ubinskoye, and others). On the West Siberian Plain, the law of latitudinal geographical zonality is classically expressed. The north belongs to the subarctic zone, dominated by landscapes of moss, lichen and shrub tundra. To the south it is replaced by a narrow strip of forest-tundra, beyond which begins the taiga of spruce, fir, cedar, pine and larch, which occupies most of the plain. The taiga is replaced by small-leaved forests of birch and aspen, then the forest-steppe begins with copses (chops), turning into the steppe. Southern districts in the main. plowed up. Nature is protected in the reserves: Verkhne-Tazovsky, Visimsky, Gydansky, Malaya Sosva, Central Siberian and Yugansky.

Geography. Modern illustrated encyclopedia. - M.: Rosman. Under the editorship of prof. A. P. Gorkina. 2006 .

See what the "West Siberian Plain" is in other dictionaries:

West Siberian Plain ... Wikipedia

Between the Urals in the west and the Central Siberian Plateau in the east. OK. 3 million km². The length from north to south is up to 2500 km, from west to east up to 1900 km. Height from 50 150 m in the northern and central parts to 300 m in the western, southern and ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

WESTERN SIBERIAN PLAIN, between the Urals in the west and the Central Siberian Plateau in the east. OK. 3 million km2. The length from north to south is up to 2500 km, from west to east up to 1900 km. Height from 50 150 m in the northern and central parts to 300 m in ... ... Russian history

Between the Urals in the west and the Central Siberian Plateau in the east About 3 million km2. The length from north to south is up to 2500 km, from west to east up to 1900 km. Height from 50 150 m in the northern and central parts to 300 m in the western, southern and eastern. ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

The West Siberian Lowland is one of the largest low-lying accumulative plains in the world. It is located to the north of the low-hill plain of Kazakhstan and the Altai mountains, between the Urals in the west and the Central Siberian plateau in the east. Extending from N ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

West Siberian Plain, West Siberian Lowland. One of the largest low-lying accumulative plains of the globe. It occupies most of Western Siberia, stretching from the coast of the Kara Sea in the north to the Kazakh uplands and ... Dictionary "Geography of Russia"

West Siberian Lowland

Landscape of the West Siberian Plain.

West Siberian Plain occupies the entire western part of Siberia from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Central Siberian Plateau in the east.

The area of ​​the plain is about 3 million km²; its length from north to south is 2500 km, and from west to east - 1900 km.

In geological terms, the territory descends, which indirectly confirms the shape of the river estuary.

Geology

The West Siberian Plain was formed within the epihercynian West Siberian Plate, the basement of which is composed of intensely deformed Paleozoic deposits. They are everywhere covered with a cover of loose marine and continental Meso-Cenozoic rocks (clays, sandstones, marls, and the like), with a total thickness of over 1000 m (up to 3000-4000 m in the basement depressions). The youngest, anthropogenic deposits in the south are alluvial and lacustrine, often covered with loess and loess-like loams; in the north - glacial, marine and ice-sea (up to 400 m thick in places). The cuff of loose deposits contains groundwater horizons - fresh and mineralized (including brine), hot (up to 100-150 ° C) waters are also found. There are industrial deposits of oil and natural gas (the West Siberian oil and gas basin).

Links

• West Siberian Plain in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia
• West Siberian Plain in the book: N. A. Gvozdetsky, N. I. Mikhailov. Physical geography of the USSR. M., 1978.

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See what the "West Siberian Lowland" is in other dictionaries:

The West Siberian Lowland is one of the largest low-lying accumulative plains in the world. It is located to the north of the low-hill plain of Kazakhstan and the Altai mountains, between the Urals in the west and the Central Siberian plateau in the east. Extending from N ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

One of the largest on earth. Takes b. h. Zap. Siberia, stretching from the coast of the Kara Sea in the north to the Kazakh uplands in the south, from the Urals in the west to the Central Siberian Plateau in the east. OK. 3 million km². Wide flat or ... Geographic Encyclopedia

West Siberian Plain- West Siberian Plain, West Siberian Lowland. One of the largest low-lying accumulative plains of the globe. It occupies most of Western Siberia, stretching from the coast of the Kara Sea in the north to the Kazakh uplands and ... Dictionary "Geography of Russia"

West Siberian Plain ... Wikipedia

West Siberian oil and gas province- the largest in the world in terms of reserves and resources of gas and oil. It occupies the lowland of the same name and the water area of ​​the southern part of the Kara Sea. Administratively, it is located within the Yamalo-Nenets and Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous regions, Tyumen and ... ... Oil and gas microencyclopedia

WESTERN... The first part of compound words. Contributes sign: western, located to the west, in the west. West Australian (but the West Australian Current), West European, West Siberian (but the West Siberian Lowland), West Slavic ... encyclopedic Dictionary

western...- the first part of compound words. contributes the sign: western, located to the west, in the west. West Australian (but the West Australian Current), West European, West Siberian (but the West Siberian Lowland), West Slavic ... Dictionary of many expressions

1. LOWLAND, and; well. A plain located no higher than 200 m above sea level; low-lying area, area. West Siberian Gulf lowlands. N. around the lake. 2. LOWLAND see 2. Lowland. * * * lowland (low plain), ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

LOWLAND, a piece of land with an absolute height of not more than 200 m above sea level, usually with a flat, sometimes hilly surface. The largest lowlands are the Amazonian ( South America), West Siberian (Russia) ... Modern Encyclopedia

lowland- I and; well. A plain located no higher than 200 m above sea level; low-lying area, area. West Siberian Lowland/Zmennost. Gulf lowlands. Ni/change around the lake. II see lowland II; And; well. Neither / change behavior ... Dictionary of many expressions