How to manage a family budget? How to keep a personal budget Tips for keeping a budget.

Do you constantly lack money to buy even the necessary things? Are your funds constantly flowing through your fingers? Think about this situation. The reason for this may not be low income, but the inability to manage their finances and plan their budget.

A few words about personal budgeting

A personal budget is your personal plan, which displays all the articles for, as well as individual rules for managing finances and a personal financial plan for the future. Maintaining a personal budget and planning your expenses does not require any special knowledge and a lot of time.

The main components of personal budgeting are:

1. Systematic accounting and control of income and expenses.
2. Rational cost management.
3. Planning of expenses and incomes.

The first stage is income and expense planning

In order to plan your income and expenses, you need to start writing them down systematically so that you always have information about what you can save on without limiting yourself to the essentials.

Experts advise having a special notebook to record all your expenses. To begin with, spending money as usual, but writing down any, even the most insignificant expenses.

The main task at this stage is to determine the reason for the rapid disappearance of money from the personal budget.

Such regular entries after each purchase make you think about its expediency. Then look at your records, and you will surely see a significant amount of unnecessary expenses on your list, those expenses that you could easily refuse.

After two months, divide your expenses into categories: food, utilities, transport, necessary purchases, leisure and entertainment.

The second stage - the distribution of costs

Optimal distribution of costs without denying yourself something significant.

Experts advise:

1. Reduce each item of expenditure in proportion to each other, that is, deduct funds in the same percentage.
2. Analyze your expenses. Among them, there will certainly be expenses that seem small at first glance, but then add up to large sums.
3. Do not seek to buy things that are advertised as economical, do not get carried away with buying things at sales or bulk purchases. Due to the supposed discount and the supposed savings, you will unconsciously strive to buy more, that is, the costs will not be less, but more.

The third stage - optimization

After you have accurately identified your real needs and thought about how to optimize your expenses, you can start planning them.

Any planning, experts say, is an essential component of success in any area of ​​life. Financial planning is a guarantee of material well-being, the ability to achieve many goals, to become a financially independent person.

Financial plans are divided into short-term: up to one year, and long-term.

Long term planning is quite complex, it can be affected by various circumstances: prolonged, inflation, or , , unexpected expenses.

Experts advise you to make a personal financial plan and try to stick to it. Record in your personal financial plan:

1. current financial situation,
2. personal financial goals
3. ways to achieve them.

Short-term planning and rational management of a personal budget

After receiving a salary, set aside part of the money for basic expenses (mandatory payments, transport, food), leave the other part, even a small one, as savings. Divide this amount into four parts (four weeks) and put it into envelopes. Open each new envelope only on the eve of the coming week. The less money there is in these envelopes, the more rational you will be in your expenses.

Important advice from experts. If you are prone to rash purchases, carry only the most necessary amount of money with you.

Long-term personal budget planning

The best incentive to control spending and maintain a personal budget in its long-term planning will be specific goals: for example, buying or paying. In long-term planning, it is important to clearly understand your goals and the priority of goals. Take a piece of paper and rank your goals and objectives in order of importance, importance, and urgency. After analyzing the costs and setting goals, you can start planning. It will be possible to plan expenses based on your own accounting of monthly expenses, and it is recommended to place the amount allocated for savings, for example, on a bank deposit, thereby getting rid of the opportunity to spend deferred funds.

Experts advise compiling a table with the following items:

1. expected time to reach
2. the total amount needed to achieve the goal,
3. the amount set aside each month for this,
4. real time to reach.

And one more small but important tip. Clearly planning your personal budget and starting to live by its rules, sometimes include some amounts in your expenses in order to treat yourself to something, do not get carried away with severe austerity.

Budget accounting is an orderly system for collecting, registering and summarizing information in monetary terms on the state of financial and non-financial assets and liabilities of the Russian Federation, constituent entities of the Russian Federation and municipalities, as well as operations that lead to a change in the above assets and liabilities. (BC RF Art. 264.1)

The main tasks of budget accounting are:

• - formation of complete and reliable information on the state of assets and liabilities of institutions, as well as on the financial results of their activities;
• - formation of complete and reliable information on the execution of budgets of all levels of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation;
• - ensuring control over the compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation of operations carried out in the course of execution of budgets of all levels of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation, as well as control over the state of assets and the fulfillment of obligations of institutions;
• - providing internal and external users with reporting on the state of assets and liabilities of institutions.

The procedure for maintaining budget accounting applies to centralized accounting departments created under the state authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments and budgetary institutions, as well as to institutions created by Russian academies of sciences with state status.

The features of accounting include: organization of accounting in the context of budget classification items; control over the execution of the cost estimate; transition to the treasury system of budget execution; allocation in the accounting of cash and actual expenses; sectoral features of accounting in public sector institutions; strict state accounting policy implemented through the Instruction; close interweaving of the classifier of income and expenses with the new chart of accounts; a new form of budget accounting (transaction logs); accurate accounting of expenses and income. accounting expense budget

The main principles of accounting in budgetary organizations are:

• - bookkeeping double entry accounting;
• - continuity;
• - monetary value of business transactions, assets and liabilities;
• - credibility;
• - accrual;
• - prudence (caution);
• - the predominance of content over form;
• - comparability of indicators;
• - neutrality of financial statements;
• - compliance of income and expenses of the reporting period;
• - actual valuation of assets and liabilities.

The principle of double-entry accounting means that an economic entity must record accounting transactions on a double-entry basis. The double entry system consists in the fact that the same amount for the same operation is reflected in two accounting accounts - in the debit of one and the credit of the other.

The principle of continuity of accounting means that an economic entity is a permanent entity and will continue its activities for an indefinitely long period of time, and the period of accounting should correspond to the period of existence of an economic entity. From the date of termination of its existence, a budgetary organization ceases to maintain accounting records.

The principle of monetary valuation of business transactions, assets and liabilities means that all business transactions, events, assets and liabilities must be measured in a single, homogeneous expression - monetary valuation. In the Republic of Uzbekistan, the sum and its shares - tiyin are the monetary meter.

The principle of accrual accounting means that assets, liabilities, income, expenses, business transactions and events are reflected in accounting at the time they are committed. Financial statements prepared on an accrual basis inform users not only about past transactions that paid or received cash, but also about future cash payment obligations.

The principle of fair accounting means that information is reliable when it is free from material error or bias and can be relied upon by users. The reliability of business transactions or events must be confirmed by primary accounting documents.

The precautionary principle implies that financial statements should not overestimate assets and income and underestimate liabilities or expenses.

The principle of content over form means that if the information in accounting documents and financial statements accurately reflects the content of transactions and events, this information should be taken into account and presented in the financial statements.

The principle of comparability of accounting indicators means that in order for financial information to be useful and meaningful, it must be comparable for different reporting periods. When reporting approaches change in the reporting year, information for the previous period must be reclassified for comparability purposes. If, for practical reasons, a reclassification cannot be made, the reasons for and nature of the changes that would occur if the reclassification were made should be disclosed.

The principle of neutrality of (accounting) financial statements means that the information presented in financial statements, in order to ensure their reliability, must be free from bias.

The principle of conformity of income and expenses of the reporting period means that only those expenses are reflected in this period that led to the receipt of income of this reporting period. If it is difficult to establish a direct relationship between certain types of expenses and incomes, expenses are distributed between several reporting periods in accordance with any distribution system.

The principle of actual valuation of assets and liabilities suggests that the basis for valuation of assets and liabilities is their cost or acquisition cost.

Clarity. The information presented in financial statements should be understandable to users.

Significance. Financial information must be relevant to meet the needs of users in their decision-making process and to assist them in evaluating operating, financial and business events.

Materiality. Information is material if its omission or misrepresentation could influence the economic decisions of users of the information taken on the basis of the financial statements. The significance of information can be influenced by both its essence and its value (materiality).

Fair and impartial presentation. Financial statements should provide the user with a true and impartial view of the financial position, results of operations, cash flows of an economic entity.

Completeness. In order to ensure the reliability of financial statements, information must be presented in sufficient detail.

Timeliness. With an unreasonable delay in reporting information, it loses its significance. To provide timely information, it may be necessary to report before all aspects of a transaction or other event are known, which compromises credibility. On the other hand, if the report is delayed until all aspects are known, even very reliable information may be of little benefit to users because they were forced to make decisions earlier. In order to achieve a balance between relevance and reliability, it is necessary to decide how best to meet the needs of users when making economic decisions.

Many families try to immediately all expenses and income, but in 95% of cases you will fail. If you haven’t done this before, then in a couple of weeks your brain will get lazy, and you will start to forget and skip.

Some try, of course, powerful analysis and summation tools will come to your aid, but often you have to spend a lot of time to turn it on, write it down, therefore, in a notebook, much faster and always with you. Also, doing everything manually, you will better remember your family budget.
You wrote everything down and took it into account, but there are no changes in life. It happens. By itself, accounting is meaningless, it must be aimed at something. Just ask yourself a few questions:

What do you want to know when you use accounting?

What is not clear?

What assumptions are there that you would like to test?

Answer them - and you will have an accounting system.
After asking yourself what you want to find out, ask yourself if you spend too much on things like movies, coffee, etc. Will I be able to afford rest, training, if I give up everything superfluous? How much money do I spend on various fixed expenses like utility bills etc.
Analyzing data on the right question within 2-3 weeks, you will find out the exact figures of the costs you are interested in.

You have a sheet with all the numbers in front of you, but still nothing is moving forward? The answer is simple - it is not always necessary to know all the numbers. You can immediately do what you think is right and necessary, while organizing accounting on the go. If the decision is large and not obvious from the point of view of benefits, make a record, and if you already know everything you want, act without extra numbers.

Planning is a magical tool.

It will help you learn everything about expenses and a lot about yourself. Make friends with money. But for this, the budget should not be a routine. Treat the numbers in the budget like a riddle and, by solving it, you will discover a new life full of joy and happiness!

If you have any questions regarding family budget planning- feel free to ask them in the comments (see below on this page)! I will answer all questions and share my experience.

If you do not want to waste your time looking for a program for doing home accounting, then I can offer my own table in which I keep the budget.

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Andrey Lipov

One of my acquaintances is concerned that he constantly does not have enough money. He borrows from friends, takes loans, and still he doesn’t have enough to buy the things he wants. From this he is in a constant half-depression, half-irritation. He tried to read different books on personal finance, and vowed to follow their advice to start saving and saving. However, nothing worked for him.

Very often, when reading such literature, you are surprised how meticulous and detailed a person must be in order to fulfill all the requirements of a personal financier. Does the path to financial freedom lie through turning into a stale cracker and doing things like picking up all the iron change in bags and counting it at the end of the month (as recommended in one of the books!)

Not at all! After all, all people are lazy and do not want to make unnecessary gestures when you can get by with a few, but the most important ones. Let's see what twists and turns in personal finance management can be cut. Here are the top five points you need to focus on. But before...

The golden rule of personal budgeting

For the really, really lazy, the rich hamster advises learning one simple rule:

Always spend less than you earn

If you want to spend more, roll up your lip or earn more. Harsh, but true. Any deviation from this rule leads to the situation described at the beginning of the article.

1. Calculate your expenses

So, if you're going to dig a little deeper than remembering the one above rule, congratulations. Life will become somewhat easier for you, although for this you will have to make some efforts. So, the first thing to do in our personal budgeting system for lazy people is to calculate your expenses.

If you make all purchases with a plastic card, it will be easier for you to do this. Log in to your internet bank and request a monthly card statement. Read the report and describe what categories you spend your finances on.

Remember also what you spent cash on and also divide it into groups, at least approximately.

2. Make a shopping list

Now a much more pleasant procedure. Imagine what you would like to buy in the next three to six months. This can be either the purchase of any things, or other expenses: for repairs, travel or training.

Do the same for a period of one to five years.

The magic is that "shopping list" sounds psychologically better than the word "budget". Some people enjoy just making a shopping list, imagining how they will get these things.

To make it even more enjoyable, daydream about some things that you didn’t include in the list, but they would help you experience joy every day in the near or distant future. Put these things on the list. They will motivate you.

3. Divide future expenses by month

Now that you have a list of purchases, distribute their cost by month, starting from now and ending with the time when you plan to purchase them. Voila - you have a financial plan. That is, every month you will “acquire” a piece of a new car or a few days of vacation.

4. Start saving and accumulating according to your plan

If you manage to regularly save money as you planned in the previous paragraph, you should definitely visit the psychological comfort from the fact that you actually almost have the desired thing. After all, its invisible part you have already acquired.

The difficulty is that you do not take away this dream from yourself. There is only one way to do this - to hide money from yourself. Use deposits, give money for storage to the second half - the main thing is to protect yourself in every possible way from the temptations to spend them. You can read in this article what options there are to save money for a few months.

5. Stop Insane Overspending

As already mentioned, the main enemy of a lazy hamster is himself. He is too lazy to even think and he does not want to realize the consequences. Therefore, it will be good practice to “lay straws” and protect yourself from stupid things.

One of the effective methods to protect yourself from unnecessary expenses is the envelope method. Since you calculated the main cost items in the first paragraph, you know how much and what you need money per month (you should also have a reserve fund for unforeseen needs, this is the topic of this separate article). Find as many envelopes as you have expense items in your personal budget. When you get paid, fill these envelopes with money and spend it only.

Envelope for fun

Well, in order not to become a terrible cracker, be sure to get an “envelope for pleasure”. You can put as much money into it as you can and consider it necessary to spend on it. This has a stunning psychological effect. You will consider that you deserve this pleasure to the full and you will not have any annoyance about extra spending.

So, maintaining a personal budget, even if you don’t bother much, turns out to be quite a feasible thing. Make it a good practice, and you will definitely feel a sense of confidence, order, and pleasure from spending money wisely.

Your friends will benefit from this information. Share with them!

The home economy is of particular interest to those who have just escaped from parental care and gone to free bread. And if earlier dad and mom took care of this, now a young man has to do it. That's finance and will be discussed in this article.

general information

The home economy implies the solution of the arisen economic and personal issues and problems at the expense of available resources. The primary physiological needs of a person are water, food and sleep. After that, it is necessary to solve the issue of comfort - what to wear in order not to freeze, and where to live. This is the minimum basis that must be solved in order to exist calmly. Of course, you can raise more questions about rest, and about self-realization, self-development, and many more different points, but for now, let's focus on food, sleep, water and clothing.

So, in order for the body to be strong, you need proper and high-quality nutrition. Drinkable water is also required. All this needs to be supported by financial investments. The home economy almost never experiences problems with this, since it is still not problematic to make money on it. In extreme cases, you can go farming and grow your own food. But still, we are interested in what to buy it directly for. In order to save personal finances, you should be interested in the places where fairs are held, where you can buy potatoes, cabbage, corn and other gifts grown on the ground by the same farmers. In addition, a high concentration of sellers and buying directly from manufacturers contribute to the fact that it becomes possible to spend less money. Thanks to this, savings in the household budget are ensured.

First steps

But how is the home economy optimally organized? This is where planning, optimization and savings come into play. We often like to nod our heads in the direction of American millionaires. What escapes most people's attention is the fact that fortunes are formed by hard work and thrift. Most first-generation millionaires are people who saved money for their retirement and only became wealthy in adulthood. Therefore, before you manage your personal finances, you need to take a few first steps:

1. Form management It is necessary to familiarize yourself with the basic ways of conducting management of all means, consider the pros, cons and make sure that this process is not tedious and burdensome.
2. Particular attention should be paid to income and expenses that fall on the family budget. Moreover, it is very desirable to break them into categories in order to streamline the accounting process.
3. It is best to have a detailed idea of ​​where the money is being spent. To do this, you need to document all expenses. Of course, it is not necessary to do this all your life, but you can live in this mode for several months to get a general idea. And it is possible that an understanding will come that too much money is going into some positions.

This is especially true in the first three months of independent life.

Planning, drafting and optimization

So, now home accounting needs to be organized. The family budget, alas, often does not forgive miscalculations, and this must be approached with all responsibility. Initially, it is necessary to analyze the cash flows that a person or a cell of society receives. After that, you need to start planning. Here it is necessary to distinguish between short-term and long-term perspectives. The first includes solving problems that exist now and will not go anywhere. So, it is necessary to pay utility bills, food, transport expenses. All this must be taken into account and must be displayed in the short term of the family budget. This will allow you to build a balanced budget that will satisfy basic needs. And what about the long term? This should include who you want to become. So, if there is a goal to become an entrepreneur with multimillion-dollar income, then you need to take care of the foundation. In other words, it is necessary to provide for some personal finances to be directed to a certain deposit account in a bank or in a mattress, for later retrieval at the right time when a new life is started. In order to evaluate your strengths, you can initially create three types of budgets: optimistic, realistic and pessimistic, and then evaluate what works better and act within the framework of the previously used tools. Although you can continue to apply the triple approach in the future, if you consider that it is necessary and effective.

What to bet on in terms of an assistant?

You can save data in a notebook (granary book) or a computer (PDA or smartphone). What to choose? It is better to use the first option only in cases where electronics are not available for certain reasons. In this case, it is enough to draw three columns: income, expenses, total. The first two are necessary to reflect the transactions that were carried out, and the third - to reconcile the data. Regarding electronics, we can say that it is necessary for more convenient recording of expenses and subsequent work with them (although there is no one like it). We will not dwell on this in detail, but will pay attention only to a few of the most useful functions:

1. Formation of reports. An extremely useful and important feature. The computer allows you to quickly process the available data and present a report in order to successfully analyze it in the future. And on the basis of the information received, successful decisions can be made.
2. Several types of accounts available. It is very convenient that you can allocate a separate bank deposit, family budget, mutual funds and other working moments.
3. Planning. Allows you to enter estimated costs and future payments, so you can simulate the situation, what will happen after a certain time.
4. Calculation of interest on loans and deposits. What can I say - a very pleasant and motivating little thing.
5. Debt control. To accurately reflect financial affairs, you can also record here those who borrowed something. This feature will not allow you to forget who received the money and who gave it to you.
6. Data protection. All information located in the program can be protected from prying eyes with a strong password.

Help software (software)

Many are interested in how to keep a home budget in a notebook. An example of such an approach, although it deserves respect, still has its drawbacks, and indeed, it is morally obsolete. Although the notebook allows you to make the data less whimsical, it is still better to stock up on more ergonomic software. This approach is both more convenient and will easily become a habit due to its comfort. We recommend to pay attention to such software:

1. "Home Finance".
2. "Zhadyuga". Not the most functional, but simple and without unnecessary frills program.
3. "Home Economy". Nice software that allows you to conveniently carry out calculations.
4. "Family budget".
5. "Home accounting". Multifunctional program with a lot of different settings.
6. AceMoney.
7. family. An excellent program, one of the best (some people calmly assign it # 1) of those that are presented on the Internet. It is advisable to use later versions, since the first had a fairly large number of software problems.
8. MoneyTracker. A multifunctional and convenient program that can be used both for the family budget and for personal finance.

Another program option is to mention a program such as Microsoft Office like Excel (or similar ones). The advantage of this approach is that information about all expenses and the like can be viewed both on stationary devices like personal computers and laptops, and on mobile tablets and smartphones.

How to save?

Well, an important point is In our reality, up to 2/5 of all funds are spent on utilities. It should also be noted that tariffs are growing annually by 15-20 percent, which cannot but grieve. Therefore, it is necessary to think about how to minimize the amount of payments. If we talk about the winter period, then the installation of meters and the insulation of apartments / houses greatly help here. In addition, you can monitor your health so that you do not have to spend significant funds on medicines in the future. If desired and possible, you can notice the car / public transport on the bike. Thus, it will be both savings and health benefits.

Separately, there is marketing in the home economy. It aims to identify needs and meet them. Therefore, before going shopping, it is recommended to make lists of necessary products so as not to squander your financial resources on something unnecessary. It's no secret that professional marketers are very good at fooling their brains, and as soon as you go to the store for bread, you leave with a whole bunch of packages. Therefore, it is important to keep your head clear and not succumb to manipulation. The priority system helps a lot. If there is not enough will for this, then determine the goals and objectives of the home economy and always keep them within walking distance. This will facilitate the process of self-discipline.

Let's say a word about the person who manages the budget

Initially, it is necessary to determine who will monitor the money and their spending. It is necessary to discuss the features of the process of their distribution. It is important to note the type of budget: joint or separate. To achieve mutual understanding and avoid conflicts, it is necessary to learn how to properly handle money. To do this, the partner in charge of the budget must understand the importance of planning and be able to make informed decisions. To maximize the effectiveness of the measures taken, care should be taken to draw a clear structure of income with expenses. This is necessary in order to understand how expediently the money is being spent. Maintaining a budget for a family where there is only one person is quite easy. But if there are two of them, this requires a certain skill. Initially, it will be quite difficult to count money, but after a month or two, after the result is envious, it will no longer seem so burdensome.

We create our budget

So, you need to evaluate how much you can count on. It is best if during such an operation to rely on the data of the previous year. Thanks to this, it will be possible to have an approximate basis for spending. After all, if the budget is compiled for the first time and there is no truthful data, then it may turn out that a lot has not been taken into account, and the costs have been underestimated. True, it is necessary to make adjustments for inflation. Since there is no faith in the official data published by the government, the percentage value of the increase in utility bills can be taken as a reference point. Such elements of the home economy will make it possible to adopt a family budget that is close to reality. Also, you do not need to choose an absolutely optimal development path, you should make sure that various sudden expenses are provided for. This may be the need for treatment, and pocket money for children, and a banal desire for sweets, when everything is bad and you need to somehow console yourself. True, more than five percent should not be allocated for this business. Some of this can be used in a slightly different way. Consider a situation where parents give their children pocket money. You can not limit it, but go a different way. Here is one small example. Children are given a certain amount once a month, which they can spend as they see fit. Let's say three hundred rubles, although you can stop at a thousand. This is not regulated in any way, but at the same time there will be no more support. That is, if the child spends all the money at once - well, he himself decided so, no sweets, toys and other things until the end of the month. In the future, he will already think about what to do with the funds allocated to him, and learn to handle money carefully, build his own budget.

Keeping records of income/expenses

Assume that electronics is used for this purpose. How to calculate the household budget in this case? An important advantage of the software is that there is an extensive classification of expenses. So, you can write down how much was spent on transport, food, recreation and entertainment, medicines, and a communal apartment. Depending on the functionality, even a record of what and how much was bought may be available, for example, three ice creams for twenty-five rubles. In this way, you can check your spending very carefully and make an appropriate decision that will help you operate more economically.

Let's consider a small example. It is possible to take a sandwich from home, which costs twenty rubles, or buy a bun at work for fifty. The difference seems to be small, but for a month - five hundred rubles. Too much, but not too much? Then for the year - six thousand rubles. Almost the minimum monthly pension. And that's in one year! On one bun! Amazing, right? And if you carefully and scrupulously calculate your expenses, then you will understand that by slightly changing your lifestyle, you can save significantly. One more example? Let's imagine a small town of 70,000 people. The fare for a fixed-route taxi is 10 rubles. 20 is spent per day. Let's say a person travels to work only 20 days a month. Total - 400. For the year - 4800. You can buy a good, high-quality and reliable sports bike that will pay off in 3-5 years. On it, having acquired the proper skill, you can safely accelerate to 100 kilometers per hour (although do not forget about the limit of 60 km / h) and get to your place of work faster than by minibus. And this still does not take into account the health benefits that the cyclist will receive. And is it worth saying that traffic jams are not terrible for them?

Conclusion

In order to have an idea of ​​the areas of your own life that can be improved, you must first make a thorough and detailed analysis of spending. Based on these data, you can make the plan as accurate as possible. And then financial management will be easier. After all, it is one thing to hear from someone that you can provide for your life. It is completely different to calculate that you can save and invest, say, so much money in eight years that in the future you can live without hunching somewhere in an unloved job, but doing what you like. And to achieve such a beautiful, exciting and necessary goal, you will have to work hard. You may have to combine several jobs, but believe me, it's worth it. After all, what could be more beautiful than the opportunity to decide for yourself what your free time will be spent on? Where should you direct your work? What goals to achieve? To be the master of your life is the destiny of man.