Numbers in French from 1 to 10. The French system of numbers: strange and inconvenient

The numbers in French sound very melodic and are somewhat similar to the numbers in other European countries: Spain, Italy and England. But at the same time, for example, there are significant differences in the sound of the numbers "four" and "five". Especially five and fifteen are hardly remembered by Russian children who begin to learn French numbers, and cumbersome numbers after eighty plunge into complete bewilderment.

French numbers from 1 to 20: transcription in Russian

Numbers in French are divided into simple and complex, consisting of one word and several.

From the above table, it can be seen that, starting with the number seventeen, the numbers take on a double form, consisting of the designation of tens and units in the number. This feature of the account applies to all numbers.

At the same time, in the numbers "twenty-one", "thirty-one" and so on, between the number denoting ten and one, for consonance, a union is added et(e), which does not apply to subsequent figures.

Features of the numeral system of France

In the language of romance and love, counting defies any logical direction and sometimes sounds like an absurdity in comparison with Russian numerals: nineteen translated into our familiar language sounds like “ten and nine”, thirty-seven like “thirty and seven”, that is, dozens are sounded and units separately.

The numbers "five" and "fifteen", despite the common five, sound completely different: "senk" and "kanz", which creates a significant problem in memorization. There is even an unspoken rule among French teachers teaching Russians that fifteen is not remembered by anyone even on the tenth try.

Numbers after seventy sound extremely unusual: in order to pronounce seventy-five, it is necessary to say "sixty and fifteen": soixante-quinze ( suasant kanz), and to sound the number seventy-eight: "sixty-ten-eight" (soixante-dix-huit - suasant-diz-whit). This creates a certain confusion in memorization, and only by delving into the peculiarities of the French account, you can understand this unusual principle of calculus.

Four to twenty

In this unusual method, the number eighty is expressed (quatre-vingts - quatr-van) and further all subsequent numbers up to a hundred are based on this principle:

• eighty two: four times twenty and two;
• ninety: four times twenty and ten;
• ninety two: four times twenty and twelve ( quatre van douz);
• ninety eight: quatr-van-diz-neuf.

The French owe such an unusual system of account to the Celts and Normans, who had a great influence on the formation of the language in ancient times: commercial transactions were carried out often and everywhere, and the twenty-digit account was very useful in long accounting calculations. By the way, the Aztecs and Mayans, famous for their mighty civilization and wisdom, also used the twenty-digit counting system.

Numbers over a hundred

After a hundred (cent - dignity) and two hundred (deux cents - de san- two to one hundred), everything becomes even more interesting, because with the pronunciation French numerals a few words long, you have to work hard to make them sound natural and relaxed. For example: two hundred ninety seven would sound like deux-san-quatre-van-diz-set a 1999 - yong-mil-neuf-quatre-van-diz-nef. TO How do you need to bring the specifics of constructing French numbers to automatism, so that you can say this without hesitation!

Teachers recommend during the day, on a bus or in a traffic jam, while walking around the city, to say aloud (or silently) in French the numbers of houses, cars - any numbers that will catch your eye. This will make it possible to quickly master this complex twenty-digit counting system and freely navigate unusual world French numerals.

Pinch your nose to get the right sound un. The French word "one" contains a nasal vowel that is absent in Russian. Therefore, it can be difficult to pronounce it correctly. Practice making a sound by lightly pinching your nose with your fingers.

• You can also try pinching your nostrils while pronouncing the word. It is as if you are breathing air.

§ 1 French numbers from 1 to 100

Knowing the names of numbers in French is just as important as knowing words like bonjour, merci, s'il te plaît, au revoir. Numbers or numerals surround us everywhere. Phone numbers, cars, TV channels, textbook pages, there are numbers everywhere. Cash equivalents, age, dates, time are all numbers. In this lesson, we will get acquainted with the French numbers from 1 to 20 and learn how tens to one hundred are called. And the little girl Nina will help us to get acquainted with the French numbers from 1 to 20, she does exercises, is naughty, runs, climbs objects and is very happy with everything. Voteyoshok.

Un, deux, trois,

Une petite Nina.

Quatre, cinq, six,

Fait l'exercice.

Sept, huit, neuf, dix.

Elle a une caprice.

Onze, douze, treize,

Elle court à l'aise.

Quatorze, quinze, seize,

Elle monte sur la chaise.

Dix-sept, dix-huit, dix-neuf, vingt.

Nina est très contente.

Please note that from 1 to 16, each French number has its own name, and numbers 17, 18, and 19 are compound, that is, 17 consists of 10 + 7, it turns out dix-sept, 18 consists of 10 + 8 dix- huit, 19 is 10 + 9 in French dix-neuf. Now read the rhyme again, but just replace letter designations digits by the digits themselves.

Knowing well the name of the numbers from 1 to 20 in French is very important. After all, they are regularly found in other French numbers. You can easily see this by familiarizing yourself with the French names of dozens.

So, for example, from 10 to 60, all French tens have their own name:

If you want to say 33, for example, you must go to 30 + 3 and say trente-trois, 46 = 40 + 6 quarante-six.

Please note that only numbers are named, the actions themselves remain in the mind.

From 70 to 99, French numbers have compound names.

So, the number 70 consists of numbers 60 + 10 and is pronounced as soixante-dix. Further, for example, if you want to say the number 73, you will have to connect your knowledge of arithmetic and first compose an example 73 = 60 + 13 in French soixante- treize. The number 80 consists of the numerals 4 · 20 quatre vingts, which are multiplied, and all subsequent units are added. So, to say the number 85, you need to make the following example 85 = 4 · 20 + 5 in French quatre-vingt-cinq.

Please note that only numbers are called out loud in French, all actions remain in the mind. One of the most difficult to remember and understand is the number 90, which consists of the numbers 4 · 20 + 10 and is pronounced as quatre-vingt-dix. 95 in French is quatre-vingt-quinze, and, for example, 99 quatre-vingt-dix-neuf. Closes the ninth ten of the numerals, the figure 100 in French is as short as in Russian - cent. 200 deux cents with an s at the end, 300 trois cents and so on.

§ 2 Indication and definition of time in French

As you can see, French numbers will require you to have a good knowledge of arithmetic, as well as an excellent knowledge of French numbers from 1 to 20. Knowledge of numbers from 1 to 20 will also be required to get acquainted with the French designation of time, which will be discussed later.

Quelle heureest-il? You probably guessed

What time is it?

Literally the French question is translated as - What time is it now? When the French answer a similar question or just want to say how long it is, they always start their answer with the phrase Il est….

For example, Il est 3 heures. It's 3 o'clock now. Three o'clock in the afternoon is usually designated as Il est 15 heures. It is now 15 o'clock. Although you can also find the designation Il est 3 heuresde l'après-midi. It's three o'clock now.

The word for "hour" in French is feminine - une heure. Therefore - It is now one o'clock - the French will say Il estuneheure.

In all other cases, an unreadable letter s at the end of the word will be added to the word "heure" "hour", which denotes a plural person.

When the clock is noon, that is, exactly 12 noon, the French say Il estmidi. The prefix mi - stands for half. When midnight falls, the French say Il estminuit. It's midnight. Mi - half, nuit - night.

When the clock shows half of an hour, we say in Russian, for example, Half past four. The French will say Il est 4 heureset demie. It is now 4 o'clock and half.

You can often hear an expression, for example, Quarter to the ninth, that is, 8.15.

The French word for quarter quart. And the quarter to ninth the French will say

Il est 8 heures etquart. It is now 8 o'clock and a quarter.

Note that in such phrases, the word quarter quart is used without an article. But if the French want to say, for example, Now without a quarter to nine, they will say Il est 9 heuresmoins lequart. The word quarter is already used with the article. That is, if you want to say, say a few hours and a quarter, say et quart, any hour without a quarter, moins le quart. Il est 10 et quart.

It is now quarter past ten. Il est 4 heures moins le quart. It's now quarter to 4.

The easiest thing is with the minutes.

For example, It is now 3.20 minutes the French will say Il est 3 heures 20. Or Now, without five, 10, the French will say Il est 10 heuresmoins 5.

Please note that in the French version, the word minute is not pronounced, only numbers.

Of course, the easiest way is to simply say the time with minutes, without using words such as half, quarter, without a quarter. Most likely, you will be understood. However, to enrich your vocabulary and understand the textbook texts and modern French speech, I advise you to remember these nuances, as well as learn well the French names of numbers from 1 to 20, the names of tens, and do not forget about the French arithmetic of numbers.

List of used literature:

1. French. A great reference book for schoolchildren and those entering universities / E.V. Ageeva, L.M. Belyaeva, V.G. Vladimirova et al. - M .: Bustard, 2005.-349, p. - (Great reference books for schoolchildren and those entering universities.)
2. Le petit Larousse illustré / HER2000
3. E. M. Beregovskaya, M. Toussaint. Blue bird... A teacher's book for a French language textbook for grade 5 of educational institutions.
4. Gak, V.G. new French-Russian dictionary / V.G. Gak, K.A. Ganshin. - 10th ed., Stereotype. –M .: Rus.yaz.-Media, 2005.- XVI, 1160, p.
5. E. M. Beregovskaya. Blue bird. French. Grade 5. Textbook for educational institutions.

Images used:

In French, as in Russian, there is such a part of speech as the numeral. This part of speech is responsible for numbers, numbers, numbers.

French numbers, like numbers in Russian, can be divided into three groups:

• Cardinal numbers that the French use when counting something (one, two, three ...);
• ordinal, indicating the order in the account (first, second ...);
• fractional, indicating a part of a whole (one-seventh, seven point eight hundredths).

Since the system of numerals in French is built by analogy with Russian numerals, it is not difficult to learn and memorize it. Let's take a look at each of the three groups of numbers.

Friends, first of all, the conversation will be about Adjectifs numéraux cardinaux or cardinal numbers. These French numerals indicate the number of objects or persons and answer the question "how much?"

• Aumagasin,j ’aiachetéquatre ballons. - I bought four balls in the store.
• Deux filles se promènent dans le parc. - Twogirlsare walkingvpark.
• Combien d ’amisas-tu? - How many friends do you have?
• Combien de hô tes attends-tu aujourd'hui? - How many guests are you expecting today?

Cardinal numbers represent pages and chapters in books, for example: page numérohuit- page number eight; chapitre numéro trois-chapter number three.

To solve examples, the French also use cardinal numbers. For example: un et trois font quatre - 1 + 3 = 4; quatre moins trois font un - 4-3 = 1

Now let's do the math in French:

• 2-deux
• 3-trois
• 4-quatre
• 5-cinq
• 6-six
• 7-sept
• 8-huit
• 9-neuf
• 10-dix
• 11-onze
• 12- douze
• 13- treize
• 14-quatorze
• 15-quinze
• 16-seize
• 17-dix-sept
• 18- dix-huit
• 19- dix-neuf
• 20- vingt
• 21-vingt et un
• 22-vingt-deux
• 23-vingt-trois
• 30-trente
• 40- quarante
• 50- cinquante
• 60- soixante
• 70-soixante-dix
• 71- soixante-onze
• 72-soixante-douze
• 80-quatre-vingt
• 81- quatre-vingt-un
• 82-quatre-vingt-deux
• 90-quatre-vingt-dix
• 91-quatre-vingt-onze
• 92-quatre-vingt-douze
• 100-cent
• 101-cent un
• 200-deux cent
• 1000-mille
• 1000000-million

Quantitative French numbers are simple and complex. Simple numbers consist of one part (1,16,20,30,40,50,60,70). Compound numbers have two or more parts. All these parts of a complex number are connected with a hyphen, for example: 98- quatre-vingt-dix-huit; 73-soixante-treize

Note that the union et in some numbers it is used, and in some it is not. From 80 onwards, it is not used.

The definite article is not used before cardinal numbers: les lits- beds, deux lits- two beds; les fabriques- factories, quatre fabriques- four factories. But, when we mean both beds or all factories, the article does not disappear, but remains: les deux lits- both beds; les quatre fabriques- all four factories.

Cardinal numbers do not change, except for 20-vingt and 100-cent, but they also do not always change their form. It depends on whether they are followed by another part of the number, for example:

• cent quatre-vingts tulipes - 180 tulips
• huit cents livres - 800 books
• cent quatre-vingt-deux tulipes- 182 tulips
• huit cent deux livres- 802 books

Pronouncing cardinal numbers correctly

In the pronunciation of cardinal numbers, some numbers have their own characteristics. They need to be memorized in order to pronounce the words correctly and beautifully.

• In numeral 7-sept, letter R not pronounced.
• If after the numeral 9-neuf followed by a word beginning with a vowel or dumb h an (year) or heure (hour), then the letter f pronounced like v .
• In numerals 6-six and 10-dix the last letter is read as z , if this number is followed by a noun that begins with a vowel, in other cases it is pronounced as s .
• In numbers (complex and simple) that end in 6-six, 7-sept, 8-huit, the last letter in dates is not pronounced.
• In numeral 20-vingt letter t at the end is not readable, except in the case when it is followed by another part of a complex number, for example: 120-cent vingt(not pronounced); 29-vingt-neuf(pronounced).

We count ordinal numbers in order!

We figured out the quantitative, go to Adjectifsnuméraux ordinal number.

Ordinal numbers in French indicate the order of counting and answer the question quel /quelle.

• Quel appartement habitait ton ami? - What apartment did your friend live in?
• Mon ami habitait dans le troisième- My friend lived in the third apartment.

Remember! Ordinal numbers are formed by adding the suffix - ième to the cardinal number.

Now count with us in order:

• un-unième (rarely used, more often premièr (e))
• deux-deuxième, second (aire)
• trois-troisième
• quatre-quatrième
• cinq-cinquième
• six-sixième
• sept-septième
• huit-huitième
• neuf-neuvième
• dix-dixième
• onze-onzième
• douze-douzième
• dix-sept - dix-septième
• dix-huit - dix-huitième
• vingt-vingtième
• vingt et un- vingt unième
• trente-trentième
• quarante-quarantième
• cinquante-cinquantième
• soixante-soixantième
• soixante-dix - soixante-dixième

If the cardinal number ends with the letter " e», In the ordinal it disappears. Ordinal cinq-cinquième, for correct pronunciation the letter " u».

In Russian, ordinal numbers are used to pronounce the date (the second of December) or the name of the king (Louis the Fourteenth), while cardinal numbers are used for these purposes in French. For example:

• SeventhDecember2015 year- Le sept décembre deux mille quinze
• Louis the Fourteenth -Louis Quatorze

French fractional numbers

Moving on to Fractions. In French, as in Russian, fractional numbers are divided into two types: decimal fractions (4.7; 5.3) and ordinary fractions (4/8; 5/9)

For education common fraction you need to take the numerator as a cardinal number, and the denominator as an ordinal. For example:

• three sevenths - trois septième
• seven eighths -sept huitième

For education decimal, we use only cardinal numbers, but we pronounce virgule where the comma should be. For example: 5,9 — cinq, virgule, neuf .

But, please note:

• un demi- half
• un tiers-third
• un quart- quarter.

We wish you good luck with your numbers!