Arabic lessons for beginners. Learning Arabic from scratch

Presentation plan.
Added ... edited ...
If someone after that can read the Koran - the author is not to blame.
He had other goals, but - Good luck!

At different people- different thinking, therefore, for example, engineers and philologists must be taught foreign languages ​​in different ways. But in all textbooks of a foreign language, one can feel one and the "condo" German approach: unnecessary thoroughness, an abundance at the start of unnecessary, stupid, unstructured information, tediousness that kills mood and motivation after 5 pages and puts you to sleep after ten.

That is, it is often not the student who is to blame, but the teaching system that “goes wrong”.
As if someone put a filter - from the "unworthy" of this language.
And so the "cut-off" is carried out ...
But why was a book written for such a purpose, why was it called a "textbook"
and why did they "pump" you with "crap" of little use for training ??,

And maybe then we should call such books - not textbooks, but "turnstiles",
like, you made your way - you will go, you didn’t make your way - sit-smoke-bamboo ...

Existing textbooks are poorly designed for the thinking of a normal Russian person.
modern, not "obsolete" version. When you are told obvious platitudes, obviously rewritten 100 recent years, the feeling that I got ...

The idea that you are smarter than your teacher, and the teacher "acts out" - interferes with learning.

Perhaps philologists wrote textbooks - for people with a different background,
Perhaps the "background" of the average student has grown in 100 years
Or the methods are outdated.
Maybe people who do not know anything useful except languages ​​increase the value of their knowledge by spreading show-offs and meaningful snot - where everything can be explained easier, on the fingers and faster and more interesting.

Can a teacher be a bore?
After all, language is a means of communication.
He already has a "loan" from a student who bought and picked up a textbook.
And if the author - does not "pull out" - maybe because he is a bad teacher?

Let's take Arabic.
Most of the fears about learning Arabic are due to its writing,
Which the textbook teaches in such a way that ... you begin to understand the Inquisition ...

Often in textbooks, emphasis is placed either on layers of language - from Islam and the Koran.
On the experience of building communism. For what??

Or rather aggressive imposition of alien (for Russian) person archetypes of behavior.
Orthodox and atheists do not need to immediately give words meaning "prayer" and "Akbar".

That is, these words must be present, but then, where their presence will be justified by the logic of learning, and not just by the desire of the teacher - immediately "convert" the student to his faith. The student came for another. And the market says that you should respect your consumer.

Arabic language - specifically Russian and Orthodox Christian makes it possible to touch the Biblical texts - in a different coordinate system. And to understand the hidden meanings, which (alas) disappeared without a trace in Russian translations - from Greek translations.

Eg. King Herod - turns out to be the "king of the Earth". Ard and Herod (earth) are spelled the same.
Bethlehem - (beit lahm) - turns out to be a house of sheep, a barn.
The Queen of England "Bloody Mary" (Bloody Mary) - turns out to be the "Mother of the State".
Pharisees - turn out to be ordinary Persians or horsemen. Sadukkei - friends of the Pharisees,
Pharaohs - turn out to be simply the chiefs of these riders.

It becomes clear the possible meaning of the "new spelling" of the name Jesus (the appearance of the second letter "and") during the Great Schism of the 17th century - precisely as a result of the translation of Arabic texts - into "Cyrillic". the stroke under the consonant "and" is the second "and", which is written but not necessarily read. And the main dispute of the split - acquires a different logic and harmony.

2) Motivation.

There is such an "Old Belarusian language". This is a language in which ordinary text in Old Russian is written in Arabic letters. Agree, it's nice when in the process of studying one modern language- you find yourself "in the load" the carrier of another, moreover, ancient.
The laws of "Freebies" (sweetness - in Arabic) have not been canceled.
And the learning process turns out to be effective if you lead the student "from freebie to freebie".))

So, to convey information - you need to write Arabic letters - from right to left.
consonants and long (stressed) vowels are written.
- in the Arabic alphabet there is no letter "p", the Arabs use the letter "b"
- the letter "g" - similar to Russian.
- twice the letter "and". Once at the end of a word, another in the middle. It can be seen from two points below it. The spelling is different, but - these two points give it away.
Two times the letter "c". Its spelling is anywhere (at the beginning in the middle, at the end - the same)

Vocalization rule
There are only 28 letters in the Arabic alphabet.
Strictly speaking, they are all consonants. Vowel sounds, and there are three of them, are transmitted by special icons that are placed above or below the letter, called "vowels".
The vowels "a", "i", "y" are called "Fatha, kesra, damma"
A - a stroke above the consonant from above
"and" - stroke from below,
"u" - comma above,
"without a vowel" - a circle, "sukkun",
"an" - two strokes
shadda "w" - doubling the consonant.

So the previous sentence "let's talk" -
will look like "Old Belarusian" with vowels.

In most cases, in Arabic books and media, you will not find texts with vowels. Why? Because the Arabs perfectly read and understand these texts without vowels. This is comparable to when we meet the letter "Yo" without dots in Russian, but we understand that this is exactly "Yo". It is experience and skill.

Vocalizations were developed by medieval philologists. One theory of their origin is as follows: in those days, a large number of people accepted Islam - without knowing the language. And so that "fresh" Muslims could read the Koran without errors, a system of vocalizations was adopted. Now vowels can be found mainly in textbooks, in sacred texts (Quran, Bible), in reference books and dictionaries. But rotating in this environment, anyone begins to read and understand texts without vowels at all.

Arabic writing allows you to better understand the speakers of the Turkic, Iranian and Caucasian languages. And due to the fact that Moscow is already the largest Tajik, Tatar and Azerbaijani city. And the second in the world - in terms of the number of Uzbeks, Jews and Chechens - it is advisable to have this just in case, let it be ... Because this writing allows you to better understand the grammar of the language. After all, doubling, transferring vowels - there was historically justified by "Vyaz", and when written in Latin or Cyrillic - the logic turns out to be a little more complicated.

(show strokes - and their mirror reflection in calligraphy.
Examples of abbreviations are based on Arabic script.)
The main thing is not to be afraid and to understand that the rejection of the Arabic language in the Russian cultural field may not always have been. It can be found that someone really deliberately destroyed "Semitisms" (Arabisms) in Russian culture. It can be seen that many principles of Russian cursive writing/stenography amusingly repeat the laws of Arabic calligraphy (of course, in their mirror image).

Russian endings (for example, for adjectives) in Arabic are written not in 2-3 letters that do not carry information (th, -th, -th, -th), but are made in one short stroke. After all, Slavic ancestors were not masochists when they left themselves in the language - endings, which sometimes turned out to be longer than the word itself. In a word, the experience of the Arabic language is just an opportunity to regain what your ancestors had.

By the way, all European languages ​​can have such an "Arabic" experience. It is known that the most ancient documents of the Afrikaans language (and this, excuse me, the language of the Dutch settlers of the 17th-18th centuries in Africa) were written in Arabic script. It is known that in the 20th century there were translations of writing into Cyrillic and Latin, after which ALL documents written in script were destroyed on the territory of Russia and Turkey.
That is, perhaps it is necessary not so much to "teach", but rather to try to "wake up" the subconscious.

Arabic script is not at all complicated, but it miraculously helps to "reveal" in a person different ways thinking: analogue, creative, composite...

On the right in the figure - you can see the Russian letter - "h".
There is no such letter in Arabic.
It is in Persian, and "h" means when it has three dots at the bottom.
Arabic has this letter with a dot on top,
with a dot below
and no point at all.

If this letter is written at the end of a word, then it looks like "h", but if it is in the middle of a word, there is no lower "tail".

That is, this letter with a dot on top - means a hard "x",
with a dot below - "j" (In Egypt, for some reason, this letter is pronounced "gh", like the Ukrainian "g"),
without a dot - a light "x".
three dots below - "h" and not in Arabic, but in Persian.

The main thing in this letter is the tail on top. a letter can be written in different handwriting, in different ways, but it is given out by the "Tail".

Although - once teaching the basics of economics to managers in one Bank, I discovered that top management does not understand the scheme at all, but can only read sequential text. That is, evolution has passed - by washing out people with abstract thinking. Well ... by the way, the bank is still quite afloat, although ... I don’t keep a penny there ... I don’t trust the “Managers”, whose only advantage is the ability to “be shit” ...

So if you are going to work with such a category of people - drop your language in general and this method - in particular, otherwise you will then have to stupidly hide a third of the brain in order to match the "environment" and especially the bosses.

In the end, when a crowd of Caucasian youth stops you in a dark alley, as a rule, this does not mean anything bad, except that there is an occasion to drink together. And you need to know how to see this occasion. And how to properly develop it.

The picture below shows two three-letter Arabic words.
Of course, since we are learning Old Belarusian, it might have been worth writing exactly the Old Belarusian word of three letters, but - whoever needs it, by the end of the lesson, he will write it himself ...
three letters are three troughs. Dots above the letter - show that the first word is "BIT", the second is BNT"

As already mentioned, even without vocalizations, the Arab will guess
that these are the words Bayt - house (hamsa and two sukkun - in vowels),
and Bint - a girl (kesra and two sukkun).
With vowels - two words will look like this.

I draw in Adobe with a mouse, if you don't like it, draw it yourself.
Pencil, paper, sharpener - go ahead.
Beautiful handwriting for many is a sufficient aesthetic satisfaction,
to practice Arabic. But we are here - about the harmony of the language as a whole,
not so much his handwriting.

4) No need to complex because of your insufficient knowledge of the Arabic language - in front of today's carriers of Arabic culture.

Firstly, all the Arabs you are interested in (for one reason or another) speak Russian or English. AND English language for them - objectively it will be objectively more comfortable to explain the terms of European culture. The Arabic language is an opportunity to touch the Arab culture - in general, and not to a specific person in particular.

Secondly, one must understand that the Arab culture of the Middle East is, after all, rather a young culture. Its renaissance in the Middle East only arose at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. And when you get acquainted with the works of German and Russian Arabists (four-volume Krachkovsky), you see and understand that at the end of the 19th century the centers for studying the Arabic language and the Koran were Berlin, Kazan, St. Petersburg ... And not Cairo and Damascus . And they began to consider Jerusalem and Riyadh as the historical center of Arab culture only in the second half of the 20th century ... and before that, an ordinary Arab in the desert washed himself with camel urine in the morning, jumped on a camel - and wandered to a neighboring oasis. And for higher manifestations of culture - the harsh desert life then left no room and resources. It's not good not bad. Walk through museums in Arab countries to understand the meager and dreary life of nomads - half a century ago.

My teacher, a KGB officer, once gave very appropriate advice in that situation - do not try to translate your life into Arabic. University, cinema and clubs are images of another culture for which better fit another language.

It's more useful to come up with an "image" of an Arab - and tell from him. This is the language of nomadic peasants, it has 70 words for camel and 5 verbs for "think". No need to complicate...
Let me be 5 brothers and 6 sisters,
your father has three wives and three houses.
It is easier to learn from an authentic map than to suck it out of your finger, how to more delicately call the "landing troops", "potatoes", "privatization" and "investment banking business" that are absent in Arab culture.

So, the first principle of memorizing letters is "Shemakhansky".
As the hero of Pushkin's fairy tale said: "Reign lying on your side" ...
Many Arabic characters - you can memorize by tilting your head to the right - or to the left.
For example, the "European" numbers 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 are frankly of Arabic origin. It's just that someone "screwed up" and recorded them, sitting "too left" - from the source.

Some letters are also recognized - for example, the letter "sod", "that", "fa".

The second principle is the difference between syllables with vowels "a" and "o".
Arabs consider "a" and "o" as one vowel,
They differ in the consonants with which the syllables "sa" and "so" begin.
Because they have two consonants - where we have - one.
And there are two different letters - "t", "s", "d", "th", "h". One of them is "front" - after it is heard "a",
and the other is back, after it you hear "o".

The difference between them is colossal.
Kalb and Kyalb are almost imperceptible for the Russian ear, but for the Arab - "heart" or "dog". Compliment or insult. They always call one well-known Israeli politician "Kyalb-wa-ibn-al-kalb" (Dog - and the son of a dog).
And if you mess up ... somehow it will not turn out beautifully ...

A letter that simply means a short sound "o" - they convey through a special letter "ayn", means a throat "semi-wheezing" and which in the recording looks like a "non-Russian" letter "b", as in the word "B-b- lgaria"

with the letter "mim" - a caveat: the circle is drawn so that the logic of the appearance of the letter is clear.
However, the Arabs always draw "circles" in letters in a clockwise direction.

The third principle is schematism.
many Russian letters are obtained by inscribing the key elements of Arabic letters - in a square shape.
"ba", "ta", "tha", "r", "h",
dal, thal, tire,
"v", "f".
"mim", "nun", "lam", kaf"
show on the board how the Cyrillic letters are derived from the ligature.

More than 90% of the alphabet - have obvious parallels with Cyrillic.
There are a couple of letters where the connections are not so obvious, and there are still letters where the connections are repeated.

It would be useful to state the obvious:
Cyril and Methodius stole ideas - not from the Greeks (or not only from the Greeks).
But for some reason the Semitic roots in Russian empire was forbidden to see.
That is, one could see the roots - from the language of 3 thousand years ago.
But relatively "young" Arabs do not have "Arab" roots.

Fifth rule: there are Persian and Urdu strokes that are not Arabic, but are part of this culture.
How to find in these languages ​​\u200b\u200b- an analogue for the letters "h", "p", "g", "ng".
show how the Russian letter "ch" is derived from Persian.

Sixth rule.
Learning a language takes practice.
beautiful handwriting - in itself, a reason for pride.
After 10 conscious spellings, a person automatically remembers everything.
Paper, pencil, sharpener - and as in childhood - through prescription.

Seventh rule:
What frightens in Arabic studies is the plurality of writing the same letter. initial, final, middle, separate. But - these are just the principles of adding a letter.

As in a Georgian joke:
Fork - bottle - is written without a soft sign,
salt beans - with soft
it’s impossible to understand - you need to believe in it ...

Here it is worth telling an anecdote that all Russians who have lived in Arab countries for a long time know about.
When "another Arab" decides to learn Russian, he learns the Russian alphabet for several days, in the process of learning which he gets everyone around him. Who can hardly tolerate his senseless tediousness. we know that the Russian language must be taught differently. And those who change the way they study are successful in it. But - Arabic really needs to be learned, starting with letters - and going from the roots of words - to more complex meanings.

And to the oral language - it is advisable to go through the written one.
sometimes you think that those who developed methods for teaching children English and French went through "torture with Semitic languages." Because you can see the "ears" of other methods, poorly suitable for European languages.

Eighth rule:

Three-letter roots - and uniform rules of word formation in the language. On the example of KTB (?)
Articles (as in Latin and Spanish)
kataba - he wrote.
yaktub - he writes
maktub - office,
kaAtib is a writer.

How to find "Roman roots" in the words Murom, Murmansk, Army, Perm, Kostroma - according to what rules.
How can these rules be used in real life?

Tell about Morocco and the Maghreb dialect...

Arabic is currently the most widespread of the Semitic languages ​​and belongs to its southern branch. The Arabic language reached its peak of perfection with the sending down of the final Divine Scripture, the Holy Quran, before the beauty and grandeur of which many connoisseurs of the word of that time bowed. The Almighty Lord declares:

“We revealed him with the Qur'an in Arabic, in which there is not the slightest flaw. Perhaps piety before God will awaken in the hearts of people ”(see:).

The modern literary Arabic language, which has become the result of the gradual development of the classical Arabic language, is widespread in many countries of the world, the total population of which exceeds 100 million people.

Along with the literary Arabic language, which is a single and common official language in all Arab countries, there are also local Arabic dialects. In contrast literary language, which unites not only all Arabs, but also educated Muslims of the world, dialects and dialects have a narrow local, territorial significance.

Phonetically, literary Arabic is characterized by an extensive system of consonant phonemes, especially guttural, emphatic and interdental. It has six vowel phonemes: three short and three long.

Grammatically, the Arabic language, like other Semitic languages, is characterized by a significant development of inflection and belongs to the group of inflectional languages. Each grammatical form is based on a three-consonant (rarely four-consonant) root. The shaping of words occurs mainly due to the internal structural change of the word.

Arabic script

The Arabic alphabet consists of 28 letters, displaying only consonants in writing. There are no special letters for writing vowels in Arabic writing. But due to the fact that in Arabic there are short and long vowels, some letters that serve to outline consonants are used to convey long vowels in writing. Short vowels are transmitted in writing with the help of vowels.

Thus, the Arabic writing system is based on the written representation of only consonants, and the vowels that make up the word are filled in by the reader in the process of reading, depending on the meaning of the word and its role in the sentence.

The letters of the Arabic alphabet are characterized by the fact that each of them has, depending on its position in the word, several styles: independent, initial, middle and final. The character of writing a letter depends on whether it is connected on both sides with parts given word or just to the right.

Of the 28 letters of the alphabet, 22 are connected on both sides and have four forms of writing, and the remaining 6 - only on the right, while having only two forms of writing.

By the nature of the writing of the main elements, most of the letters of the Arabic alphabet can be combined into several groups. The letters of the same group have the same descriptive "skeleton" and differ from each other only in the presence and location of the so-called diacritical points. Letters either have no dots at all, or have one, two, or three dots that can appear above or below the letter. The letters are connected to each other with the help of connecting dashes.

The printed and written styles of the letters of the Arabic alphabet do not fundamentally differ. There are no capital letters in the Arabic alphabet.

Vocalizations

The Arabic writing system provides for the transmission of only consonants and long vowels. Short vowels are not shown in writing. However, to clarify the nature of short vowels in certain cases, for example, in the Holy Quran, prophetic traditions, teaching aids, they are indicated by special subscript or superscript characters called vowels.

Vocalization is placed above or below the letter denoting a consonant sound. There are three vowels in Arabic:

− Fatah

The vowel "fatha" is placed above the letter in the form of a slash َ_ and conveys a short vowel sound [a]. For example: بَ [ba], شَ [sha].

− "Kyasra"

Vocalization "kasra" is placed under the letter in the form of a slash ـِ and conveys the short vowel [and]. For example: بِ [bi], شِ [shi].

− "Damma"

The vowel "damma" is placed above the letter in the form of a comma ـُ and conveys a short vowel [y]. For example: بُ [bu], شُ [shu].

− "Sukun"

The absence of a vowel after a consonant is indicated by an icon called "sukun". "Sukun" is written as ـْ and is placed above the letter. For example: بَتْ [bat], بِتْ [bit], بُتْ [but].

Additional icons in Arabic include the Shadda sign, which indicates the doubling of a consonant sound. "Shadda" is written as the Russian capital letter "sh". For example: بَبَّ [babba], بَتِّ [batty]

Transcription

In view of the fact that in the Arabic language there is a significant difference between the system of depicting words in writing and their sound composition, for practical purposes they resort to the so-called transcription. Transcription is the transmission of the sounds of a language using accepted conventional signs or letters of the same or another language, provided, if necessary, with additional icons.

In this textbook, the Russian language is adopted as signs of transcription of Arabic sounds. To depict those sounds that are not in the Russian language, some Russian letters are equipped with additional icons: a dash and a dot under the letter. A dash indicates an interdental consonant, and a dot indicates a solid sound.

After graduating from the 10th grade, I went to Dagestan for the summer holidays. Usually there you are constantly surrounded by relatives. But one day I stayed in Makhachkala, left to my own devices. And went for a walk around the city. This was probably my first independent walk in a foreign city. I walked along Hamidov Avenue towards the mountains. And, suddenly, I saw a sign "Islamic shop". No matter how strange it may seem, but my first acquisition in Dagestan was the Arabic script.

Arriving at my uncle's house, I opened it. There were all types of writing letters and their pronunciation was explained in relation to the Dagestan alphabet “The letter ع approximately corresponds to the Arabic gI”, “The letter ح is similar to the Avar xI”. Together with ظ, these were the most difficult letters for me, because it was hard to imagine how to pronounce them, and the others were mostly in my language. So I started learning to read Arabic on my own. An ordinary Russian teenager, far from religion. Then I went to the mountain village of my grandfather. It was a time filled with events of transitional age, when you try a lot for the first time. Along with all this, I tried and learn Arabic. What motivated me when I bought this recipe then is still mystical for me.

Recently I found my first attempts to write in Arabic, which I started just that summer in my grandfather's village.
Over the summer I learned to read. But then he abandoned this business for many years and stalled on this knowledge. The Arabic language seemed to be something extraordinarily distant and incomprehensible. Yes, and my lifestyle was far from learning this language.

Then, already in the 4th year of university, I began to pray, began to go to the mosque, and met Muslims. One Friday in the mosque, I said hello to one of my friends:

- Assalamu alaikum! How are you? What are you doing?
- Wa alaikum ssalam! Alhamdulillah. Here, I study Arabic.
— How do you study? Are there any courses?
- No, on your own, according to the textbook "Learn to read the Quran in Arabic."

Then this brother went to Kazan to study and there he got new textbooks, and he sold Lebedev's books "Learn to read the Koran in Arabic" to me for 500 rubles when he returned from Kazan for his first vacation.

I worked part-time as a night security guard in a store and took this book with me on duty. I started reading it in my free moments between the fights of the local drunkards and until I was cut down by sleep. It was worth starting to get acquainted with the book, as I thought - "Subhanallah, this Arabic language is so easy to learn."

For so many years I stupidly knew how to read and memorized the verses of the Koran with difficulty - and now I began to understand the logic of the entire language!

My delight knew no bounds. I finished the first book in a month. I didn’t even memorize the words there - I just carefully studied the new rules and read the exercises for them.

Then the textbook came into my hands First Arabic lessons ". I began to trite to teach a lesson a day (they are very small there). I just memorized new words in the morning - and then repeated them all day (on the bus, when walking, etc.). After a couple of months, I already knew almost 60 lessons by heart - all the words and turns of speech that were found in them.

After 2 months of classes, I was visiting an Arab and was surprised to find that I can communicate in Arabic without speaking a word in Russian!!! It started out as a joke. I said hello in Arabic and my friend answered. Then I asked something else and he answered again in Arabic. And when the dialogue began, as if there was no turning back. As if we did not know Russian. My knees were trembling with happiness.

Previously, I needed to learn the Koran “photographically” - stupidly remembering the order of all the letters in words. For example, it took me several days to memorize Surah An-Nas. And after I have mastered the basics of grammar, you can read the translation of Krachkovsky and the Arabic text of the verse once (comparing the translation to each Arabic word), repeat a couple of times - and the verse is remembered. If so, walk through a small sura (like An-Naba "News"). After half an hour of study, I can look at the translation of Krachkovsky and read the sura in Arabic (essentially from memory). The most difficult thing is usually to remember the order of the verses.

My tragedy is that having learned to read (it took about two months on my own and unsystematic), I simply did not imagine that it was possible to spend the same amount of time to learn the basics of grammar and, if you make an effort and develop an active lexicon You can speak Arabic very soon.

The most a big problem for many people is that they imagine the language as an impregnable fortress, the assault and siege of which will take many years. And only after that you will master it. In fact, learning a language is better thought of as a small cottage that you build piece by piece. Having studied the basic grammar (changing verbs by person and tense, changing cases, etc. - in terms of volume this is a 40-page brochure) - consider that you have poured the foundation. Further, an opportunity arose - they built a room where you can already live and moved there. Then the kitchen. Then they built a living room, a nursery, and all the other rooms. I saw how they build houses in Dagestan in this way. Instead of renting an apartment, they buy an inexpensive plot, pour the foundation and build at least one room, where they move. And then, as far as possible, they continue to build a house on an already filled foundation.

If suddenly someone wants to repeat my path, which I consider optimal for those who do it mostly on their own, for example, in their free time from their main studies or work, I have prepared a selection of materials (now they have become more accessible, and better).

1. Learn to read and write

→ Talking Tutorial (self-study on reading and writing with the voice acting of each word and many tips)

2. Fundamentals of grammar.To study grammar, it is better to arm yourself with many books and choose the one that suits you best. The same rule can be given different words in different books - so that you can consider incomprehensible moments from different parties. Start with one book, and download the rest as needed.

→ Lebedev. Learn to read the Quran in Arabic - an unobtrusive explanation of the basics of grammar using the example of verses from the Koran (I personally went through the first volume. I hated studying foreign language all my life, but I read this book as fiction, and realized that Arabic is mine).

→ Yashukov. Arabic grammar manual - a compressed volume of 40 pages gives all the basics ( brief summary any textbook).

→ Khaibullin. Arabic grammar . A new solid textbook, contains the basics of grammar with numerous examples, as well as the basics of morphology. Very accessible language and sparing volume.

→ Rules of the Arabic language in a light and simplified form . (I didn’t pass it myself, but I heard reviews from friends).

→ Kovalev, Sharbatov. Arabic textbook . (A classic of the genre. Usually it is used as a reference where you can find any question on grammar).

I think these books should be enough with a margin. If you don’t like it, google Kuzmin, Ibragimov, Frolova and others.

3. Build an active vocabulary

→ First Arabic lessons . Read the preface to this book carefully and you will understand everything. I really lived with this book for several months until I learned 100 lessons. If you repeat "my feat", feel your closeness to the Arab world - no kidding.

4. Practice the language

→ Get to know the Arabs, try to communicate with them. For example, you can search the mosque for students who have just arrived in Russia and do not speak Russian well. If you are hospitable and not intrusive, then you can establish very warm friendly relations. You will be able to learn the language directly from the native speaker. ). So you can google materials that are interesting to you, your favorite nasheeds on YouTube, etc. You will be able to immerse yourself in the Arabic Internet, participate in their forums, discussions, make friends on FaceBook, etc.

Arabic is official language all Arab countries, as well as countries such as Chad, Eritrea, Somalia, Comoros, etc.

It is the official language of the UN.

The total number of carriers is 240 million. For another 50 million is the second foreign language. Modern Arabic includes 5 dialects. They are in many ways not similar to each other, so the carriers different dialects do not understand each other.

However, newspapers, films and television use only the literary dialect.

Arabic is the language in which the ancient literary works. It is also one of the first languages ​​into which the Bible was translated.

Therefore, connoisseurs of history and historical artifacts strive to master this language. In addition, every year thousands of tourists visit the UAE, Israel, Jordan, where the population mainly speaks Arabic. In order to travel freely in such countries, tourists usually learn the basics of the language - basic grammar and vocabulary.

However, Arabic is completely different from our kindred languages. Slavic languages and even into such world languages ​​as English, French and German. This is one big language world with its own specific writing and pronunciation. Therefore, before choosing a form of education, it is necessary to consider the features of this language.

• Businessmen;
• Engineers;
• Tourists;
• Philologists and literary critics;
• Who studies the Quran and Islam.

In the classes at the Master Class center, the literary norm of the Arabic language, dialects, phonetics, vocabulary, and grammatical structures are studied.

The task is to teach students to communicate fluently in Arabic in 48 hours.

6 options for learning Arabic in Moscow:

• Mastering basic skills;
• Learning Arabic from scratch;
• Intensive classes;
• Practicum of colloquial speech;
• Language for business;
• In-depth study.

The grammatical structure of the Arabic language is memorized with the help of visual materials and lively dialogue. At the end of any stage of intensive courses, final testing is carried out.

It allows the student to consolidate the acquired skills, and teachers to evaluate the success of the work.

The difficulty of self-learning Arabic from scratch

The principle of learning Arabic is the initial memorization of the alphabet and grammar. At the very beginning of training, it can be difficult, because. Arabic words have no associations with the Russian language, they have a double meaning, they have to be memorized only mechanically.

There are 28 letters in the Arabic alphabet. Arabs write the alphabet and words from right to left, without capital letters.

1. Take care of purchasing the necessary educational literature. First of all, you should purchase a printed dictionary and its electronic version.
2. Electronic manuals for the study of Arabic must be accompanied by an audio recording in order to hone your pronunciation.
3. Best to choose teaching materials, which have practical tasks, which should be completed for each lesson, and the answers to them, which are placed at the end of such a training course.
4. A simple phrase book will not be able to ensure successful language acquisition.
5. Don't buy travel materials.
6. It is useful to listen to songs and watch movies, series in Arabic.

The technique of writing Arabic words is performed in three stages

The main letters are written without a single break. Additional parts of letters, which include dots, oblique and plumb lines, are written subsequently. At the end, additional icons are placed. It is necessary to prescribe each letter, practice writing daily, while saying it out loud.

Features of Arabic dialects

The Arabic alphabet consists of 28 letters.

Each letter represents a consonant sound. The exception is the letter ameph. It usually denotes either a long vowel or is used as an auxiliary spelling mark.

In order to indicate a vowel sound, harakat is used - superscript and subscript signs. Arabs write from right to left, and punctuation marks vice versa from right to left. The language does not have capital letters. It is unacceptable to transfer a word to another line - usually an empty space is filled with stretched letters. The vocabulary consists of native Arabic words. And only 1 percent are borrowed European words.

The Arabic language is characterized by polysemy of words, so the vocabulary is very rich. However, modern terms are used English words. The three most used words are three particles: al (definite article), wa (conjunction "and") and bi (preposition "through"). In the grammatical sense, the language rests on word formation.

The root of the word is triconsonant - the percentage of triconsonant roots is 82%. This makes it easier to learn new words and read texts without a dictionary. As for the parts of speech, then it is worth paying attention to the two main ones - the noun and the verb. A noun has three numbers - singular, plural and dual (rarely used in dialects).

Arabic has only two genders - masculine and feminine - and three cases (nominative, genitive and accusative). The verb is characterized by various grammatical categories. There are only 6 times (three simple and three complex). In addition to our three moods (indicative, conditional and imperative), there is also a subjunctive and amplified mood.

Another one interesting feature is that the Arabs do not use Arabic numerals, but Hindi numerals. As you can see, Arabic is a difficult language to learn. First of all, it concerns writing and reading. Therefore, in order to avoid mistakes at the very beginning of learning, adults enroll in special language courses taught by professional teachers and tutors, as well as native speakers themselves.

Arabic lessons online

Online learning via Skype, which provides for individual lessons with a tutor, has a number of advantages. One of them is that you do not need to go anywhere, you just need to turn on the computer. These lessons are useful and rich, exciting and interestingly constructed. On them, the listener will learn to write, read and speak Arabic correctly from scratch.

On individual lessons the tutor fully pays attention to only one student, honing his skills and abilities and repeating the material already covered. With this approach, the number of recognizable Arabic words grows and the overall efficiency increases. The acquired knowledge is consolidated in writing control tasks. The course program is fully focused on the personal achievements of the student.

Many people are afraid to start learning Arabic, considering it extremely difficult. However, the teachers insist that if you study hard for 3 months, you can learn to speak Arabic, boldly engage in dialogues with native speakers.

For more effective language learning, it is worth enrolling in Arabic courses led by an experienced teacher.

The price of individual and group tuition in Arabic

The cost is calculated for eight lessons (16 academic hours), which take place within a month. The duration of each meeting is 90 minutes. Classes are held 2 times a week. Their cost includes a teacher's home visit.

The price of corporate training

You can determine the time, place and frequency of meetings with the teacher yourself.

Intensive Arabic course