Exaltation is an exaggerated, agitated experience of significant influences characteristic of a person. Exalted

AFFECTIVE-EXALTED TEMPERAMENT

An affective-exalted temperament, when it approaches psychopathy in severity, could be called the temperament of anxiety and happiness. This name highlights it close relationship with psychosis of anxiety and happiness, which is accompanied by sharp fluctuations in mood. The described temperament may indeed be a weakened form of this disease, but such a relationship is not necessary. In cases where pure affective exaltation is observed, all the more there can be no talk of pathology.

Affectively exalted people react to life more violently than others. The rate of increase of reactions, their external manifestations are distinguished by high intensity. Affectively exalted individuals are equally easily delighted with joyful events and despair with sad ones. From "passionate glee to deathly anguish", in the words of the poet, they are one step away. Exaltation is insignificantly associated with coarse, egoistic stimuli, much more often it is motivated by subtle, altruistic impulses. Attachment to loved ones, friends, joy for them, for their good luck can be extremely strong. There are enthusiastic impulses not associated with purely personal relationships. Love for music, art, nature, passion for sports, experiences of a religious order, the search for a worldview - all this can capture an exalted person to the depths of his soul.

The other pole of his reactions is extreme impressionability about sad facts. Pity, compassion for unhappy people, for sick animals can bring such a person to despair. An exalted person can experience sincere and deep grief about an easily fixable failure, a slight disappointment that others would have forgotten the next day. He feels any ordinary nuisance of a friend more painfully than the victim himself. Fear in people with such a temperament has, apparently, the property of a sharp increase, since even with insignificant fear covering an exalted nature, physiological manifestations (trembling, cold sweat) are noticeable, and hence an increase in mental reactions.

The fact that exaltation is associated with subtle and very human emotions explains why this temperament is especially often possessed by artistic natures - artists, poets. Artistic giftedness is something fundamentally different from scientific ability in a particular field, such as mathematics. What is the reason for this phenomenon?

First, I believe that giftedness alone does not provide the ability to create a work of art. Such a work is born only when the creator is capable of a high intensity of emotional experiences. If a person has a deep mind and practical common sense, then nothing will prevent him from developing his mathematical, technical or organizational abilities. But with such a reasonable practical installation this person does not write poetry and does not compose music, although his natural abilities would be enough for this.

Secondly, emotions by themselves allow you to create a correct judgment about the emerging work, to give it a correct assessment. The level of science is measured by its applied value, while the value of a work of art is known only by its emotional impact. It follows from this that emotional excitability should be an integral property of a poet or artist. The second stimulating moment for an artistic nature can be the presence of demonstrative character traits. Finally, we will come across the third point when we consider introversion.

Conflicts of artistic natures with life often occur because of too much sensitivity, the "prose" of life, its sometimes rude demands, they are not up to.

For example, Hölderlin's excess of feelings stimulated his poetic creativity, but at the same time did not allow him to adapt to everyday life requirements. Perhaps his constant emotive excitability was painful in nature, since in the second half of his life he developed a severe mental illness(my work on this topic was published in 1964).

Hölderlin suffered more all his life than experienced outbursts of enthusiastic joy, but this was due to the great difficulties in life that he had to experience due to excessive sensitivity. By the time the mental illness began, this exceptional emotive excitability had increased further. In a letter to V. Lange, he writes: “Trust me, dear! I fought to death to keep higher life, in faith and in contemplation, oh yes! I fought, suffering unspeakably, and I believe that my torment exceeds anything ever experienced by man. " In such vital hyperboles, we not only recognize Hölderlin, but at the same time get an idea of the strength of the impulses with which the excitability fed his poetic inspiration.

The outstanding German lyricist is cited by me as an example. Likewise, although perhaps not to the same extent, emotive excitability is the basis for the creation of works of art for many artistic natures. Let's add to this the natural desire of the artist to reflect in his work what so strongly and deeply captures him.

The negative "pole" of an affective-exalted temperament can be observed in the following example.

Klaus E.Born in 1928 The mother is an exalted woman who, on the one hand, is characterized by a feeling of ecstasy, on the other, a susceptibility to sad experiences. As a child, Klaus was afraid of the dark. In the darkness it constantly seemed to him that someone was standing behind him - he looked around and quickly ran away, his heart was beating wildly. He was a taciturn, reserved person who did not like to speak in public: at the same time he lost his voice and sweated a lot. Klaus E. could not stand it when animals were beaten with him, and felt a "nagging melancholy" at the same time, but since he was "choked with excitement," he could not utter a sound in defense of the poor four-legged. He is captivated by various solemn events: “When solemn hymns are being performed, I’m just afraid to cry, all from emotion ...” Klaus experiences something similar during his visits to the theater. However, he cannot play himself and never could, he starts "stage fever" and it is as if "there is a lump in his throat." He is very fond of music, gentle, lyrical, similar to Schumann's "Dreams", but he also likes the chorus from "The Flying Dutchman". At the age of 25, he entered the university, studied with enthusiasm for 2 years, after which he fell out. Klaus E. is ill. His mother sent him a significant amount to buy food, but he, yielding to the persuasion of his comrades, spent all this money on alcohol and had a feast. “My God, I’m out of the friendliest feelings, you have to help each other!” This incident was the beginning. Now, after all sorts of small failures, often causing severe depression in Klaus, he drinks more and more often. On this occasion, his mother turned to us.

We can say that the character of this subject is dominated by "readiness for despair." As a child, he was often at the mercy of sad and disturbing experiences. Later, he increasingly began to despair when he could not achieve anything, often he was possessed by fear. The fact that these fluctuations were associated with a typical temperament of anxiety and happiness is confirmed by Klaus's affection at all solemn events: in this case, this state symbolizes a feeling of happiness, and his tears at this moment are tears of happiness.

Poets and artists are often exalted in temperament, as illustrated by the examples below.

Martin R., Born in 1901, poet-lyricist. At the age of 62, when he came to see me, he was more engaged in translating poetry from foreign languages... R. was distinguished by his musical abilities, and he rather perceived his poems "as songs". For some time he was engaged in advertising posters. Throughout his life, there is an imprint of violent emotional experiences and worries. R. from childhood was an addicted person, at school he took an active part in social work. Once it almost came to a school strike, organized by R. as a protest against one vain and intolerant teacher. Later hobbies mainly concerned music, poetry and beautiful women... R. described his current wife pathetically as a "miracle woman." R. is characterized by constant fluctuations between enthusiasm and extreme pessimism with trifling failures. In the latter case, he also developed suicidal thoughts. R. came to the meeting with us depressed: renal colic made him think that he had cancer.

R. is a typical lyricist. In this case, it is interesting that desperate outbursts are associated with thoughts of suicide.

I pass on to the characterization of the artist's personality described earlier by Thorstorf.

Adele G., Born in 1901, the mother of an imbecile child who, precisely because of his illness, became her favorite. She selflessly looks after him.

G. lives for the sake of his sick son and for the sake of art. She is interested in “everything that is beautiful”. On her first visit (she was 63 at the time) she said dreamily: “Painting is the greatest joy for me. I can't help but write them! " The beauty of nature served as a mood, and she began to be drawn to the brush: “I paint only motives that cause inner joy. I have a need to pour out in colors the feeling of happiness that nature gives me. When I walk through a meadow or forest, I feel incredible happiness. And I think: "This is wonderful, you write it!" Happiness does not exist for me without painting! " When asked why she tries so hard, because she never exhibits her paintings, she replied: “I do not set myself this goal. I have enough consciousness that I can draw it ... "Her statement is also interesting:" When I see a flower, I want to penetrate into its essence. For example, calendula - how much joy these petals radiate thanks to their yellow shine! " Or here's another: “It's hard to draw human face... All you want to guess behind the external outlines is the expression of the soul itself. "

The ability to experience great inspiration explains the fact that G. devoted herself to painting and creativity with great inspiration. The second pole is represented by her touching concern for her son, deep compassion for this feeble-minded child.

The next example, previously described by Zaige.

Martin C., 25 years old, from childhood was musical, willingly sang. After graduating from high school, he became a locksmith's apprentice. During one radio broadcast, his singing data was unexpectedly discovered. He began to take singing lessons, and then began performing with a variety orchestra. He sings on radio and television in entertainment programs, but dreams of participating in revues and musicals, since he is interested not only in singing, but also in artistic design. Even now Ts. Is trying to accompany the singing with expressive facial expressions and gestures.

The subject characterizes himself as a very temperamental person. He is quickly inspired and at such moments he feels “super happy”. But just as quickly he can fall into deep melancholy or into a state of anxiety; at such moments he is close to despair. He returns to a balanced state under the influence of his wife. In general, Ts. Has a heightened mood, he considers himself an optimist, for joy he is sometimes ready to "dance on the table." Ts. It is not difficult to plunge into the mood that a pop act requires, and then its performance turns out to be very convincing. He is ambitious, but fair, not vindictive and does not know how to stand up for himself.

Once Ts., Very alarmed, ran to the dentist, who had placed two crowns on him shortly before. There was no pain, but the crowns “madly interfere”; he will not be able to sing or perform. Ts. Already saw himself as unemployed. The doctor reassured Ts., For which he thanked him in a very pompous style. A few days later, the singer announced that everything was fine with him.

The deep enthusiasm associated with the profession of a pop singer in Ts. Is explained by his excitability, his tendency to exaltation. The case with the crowns testifies to the lability of his psyche with a tendency to excessive anxiety.

From the book Accentuated Personalities author Leonhard Karl

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6.1. Temperament The concept of temperament. Human behavior depends not only on social conditions, but also on the characteristics of his natural organization. Among individual characteristics characterizing human behavior, his activities and communication, a special place

A person most often reacts to many circumstances, situations, partners with extreme variants of emotions, either of a euphoric plan - delight, admiration, affection, awe, unbridled love, etc., or a dysphoric plan - hatred, contempt, disgust, disgust, aggression, etc. n. At the same time, he demonstrates emotions much less often.

middle range - moderate, restrained, soft.

Such a stereotype of emotional behavior is dysfunctional. The personality "works" for wear and tear, since the informational and energetic saturation of emotions is great - instead of a match, a torch constantly flares up. Such powerful energy expenditures do not pass without a trace according to our observations, exalted people, as a rule, are thin, pale, with sharpened facial features, with a rigid exaggerated expression, the impression is that they exhaust all vitamins, proteins and fats on euphoric and dysphoric reactions Less often, but there are obese, exalted persons.

Exalted personalities are distinguished by extreme and categorical judgments and assessments; often and easily change their opinions to the opposite, for example, in statements about the same colleagues, current events, works of art. It is difficult to argue with them, because they consider their opinion the most correct, they find themselves and no one else competent and professional. They often become rude and angry when they disagree with their assessments.

Exaltation is sometimes combined with the artistry of nature and is a prerequisite for acting talent. The skill of an actor consists in the ability to enter into very different emotional states, including euphoric and dysphoric. In life, everyone should be a little bit of an actor - a teacher, educator, doctor, lawyer, waiter, parent, so moderate exaltation is useful.Overly exalted individuals are sometimes prone to shocking - bold, shocking others' antics, outfits, positions.

It should be especially noted that usually exaltation is accompanied by a reduced self-criticism of the mind: the powerful energy of euphoric and dysphoric emotions suppresses, "drowns out" the action of the intellect, the person is not able to understand that he is losing his sociability, looks grotesque.

Check yourself: subsequent judgments must be answered

"Yes or no"

YOU ARE LIKELY TO EXALT IF:

1. In principle, they are able to admire, admire something or someone

2. It so happens that a feeling of complete happiness literally permeates you.

3. You fall into deep despair at any disappointment.

4. You can say about yourself - I can fall in love to madness and I can hate to the depths of my soul.

5. Do you have favorite animals, at the sight of which you feel a sense of trepidation, tenderness, tenderness, excitement.

6. You absolutely cannot stand some type of people (men, women, leaders, etc.).

7. An unexpected detail in a person can dramatically change your opinion about him.

8. Creativity of any talented person (artist, artist, poet, musician, etc.) causes delight, amazes you.

9. A tragic movie, play or novel can move you to the point of tears.

10. There are people in your environment whom you hate or deeply despise.

11. You are sure that most people are inferior to you in any respect so that they cannot be compared with you.

12. Often your tastes, opinions and assessments differ significantly from the positions of the majority.

How many points (yes) do you have? The received points mean: 10-12 - clearly expressed exaltation; 5-9 - a tendency to exaltation; 4 points and less - exaltation as an emotional stereotype is absent.

Interpretation of data. Very high rates indicate a personality's tendency to show emotional extremes. Exalted persons react to facts, events and actions of others too openly, exaggerated unambiguously, even grotesquely. They do not feel the measure and how others perceive the same circumstances. Having sometimes a very controversial opinion about someone or something, they nevertheless express it in a categorical form, where there are no penumbraes and doubts. They do not tolerate objections, they are not able to soften their positions and compromise.

If, at the same time, an exalted personality has a low level of intelligence, the originality of opinions and assessments reaches the level of defiant ambition. Among the exalted there are intelligent and erudite people; then ambition is clothed in science and High style... With all the wealth of intelligence, it is still not enough for self-criticism. One gets the impression that the usual prudence of such people suddenly flows from the area of observation of cause and effect to the area of verbal high-flown expression of emotions.

Particularly difficult in the communicative plan are individuals who simultaneously have overestimated indicators of exaltation and impulsivity. Such, as they say, cut from the shoulder, but with such enthusiasm that they can inflict psychological trauma on anyone - relatives, friends, acquaintances, colleagues, subordinates and bosses.

Average indicators of exaltation indicate the personality's ability to adequately respond with emotions and feelings to what is happening. Of each normal person something pleases, something sad, and he expresses it in such a way that others can see the corresponding states. For some professions it is necessary

a wide range of emotions and feelings, in order not only to react in response to what is happening, but also to convey their states to others. It is no coincidence that exaltation is higher in the group of teachers than in other groups we surveyed, for example, doctors, accountants.

Too low an indicator of exaltation is a sign of constraint of emotions and feelings, as well as laziness of the mind, which is not able to make discoveries, find an object for admiration and joy, for rejection and admiration. For example, the group of unemployed people who want to get a profession in the field of insurance medicine scored the least number of points for this indicator.

In terms of prevention and diagnosis emotional state special importance is attached to the so-called neuropsychic instability, which is a reflection of both the mental and somatic level of an individual's health. Neuropsychic stability (NPU) shows the risk of personality maladjustment under stress, that is, when the emotional reflection system functions under critical conditions caused by external as well as internal factors.

The "Forecast" method proposed below was developed at the St. Petersburg Military Medical Academy and is designed to determine the level of NPU, the risk of maladjustment in stress. It is especially informative in the selection of persons suitable for work or service in difficult, unpredictable conditions, where increased requirements are imposed on a person.

Check yourself: read the statement and answer yes or no.

Psychology considers exaltation as a manifestation of temperament, close to psychopathy... German psychiatrist Karl Leonhard was the first to describe the concept of exaltation, isolated and classified this type, and also characterized it as "Temperament of anxiety and happiness".

Manifestations of exaltation are characteristic of certain types of temperament: sanguine and choleric. Exaltation in behavior is more common in women than in men. For people from the acting environment, exaltation is an inherent feature that helps them in the profession.

Exaltation

Exaltation is a tendency to exaggeration and abrupt transitions from a state of happiness to unreasonable grief.

How early exaltation begins to manifest

The behavior of children is quite early age exaltation is quite common. Aged 2-5 years almost every child from time to time rolls tantrums with loud crying, can move from a joyful mood to sadness and tears. Sometimes children roll in laughter in such a way that it is impossible to calm them down, sometimes they run excitedly, wave their arms and shout, attracting attention. We can say that all this is characteristic of a certain stage of growth and development of each individual.

In the future, the bulk of people begins to control their emotions and behavior - which can be considered a sign of maturity... But individuals can remain an eternal child and deservedly earn an opinion of themselves as an exalted person.

The attitude of others to exalted people

Like everything excessive, exaltation is subject to censure. For such people:

Conflicts with others often arise.
They try not to give important assignments for work.
They also do not establish deep friendly relations with them, since it is difficult to trust them. You never know what such a person can "throw out" in the next minute.

Exaltation is a huge problem for those close to the person who has such a temperament. Living next to such a person is tantamount to being near a dormant volcano. Coexistence with such people is full of surprises, and not always pleasant ones.

How does an exalted personality live?

Not all individuals with a similar temperament consider its manifestations. their problem... Confidence in their own infallibility does not let them understand that they have no one to blame for most of their failures in life, except themselves... These people often make mistakes. Being poorly adapted to everyday life, they cannot cope with the "prose of life", they can get drunk, get bogged down in everyday problems, and thoughtlessly lose their homes.

At the beginning life path, while parents are near, close people - participate in their fate and do not allow something irreparable to happen. Over the years, these people more often than others begin to haunt loneliness... You can remember a lot of such broken lives on the examples of great artists and famous artists who died in loneliness and poverty.

But even if the person himself is aware of his peculiarity and would like to get rid of exaltation - alas. Your natural temperament and mental characteristics not given to anyone change by the power of desire alone and the knowledge of what exaltation is.

Exalted personality type

By exaltation, some mistakenly mean pretentiousness in clothes, some kind of special external chic in a person, distinguishing him from the surrounding gray mass. While exaltation is a character trait, temperament, and hence - demeanor and, to a certain extent, a person's lifestyle.

Sociologists interpret the concept of "exaltation" as an excited, enthusiastic state, painful animation. There is such an expression: "go into exaltation." A similar state is inherent in artistic natures who live on emotions. They are extremely impressionable. Love for nature, art, worldview searches can capture exalted personality to the core. They deeply experience the failures of relatives and people close to them, just acquaintances, at a time when the victims themselves do not see the tragedy on such a large scale. Compassion for an animal, lonely and unhappy in their eyes, can also drive such people to despair. An exalted lady in a fit of compassion is able to pick up an "abandoned" kitten on the street and take home, and the next day, after he "made a puddle" in her shoe, internally tormented and hiding from prying eyes, she will carry it back.

Also, the term "exaltation" is understood as a short-term period of increased excitability of the nervous and muscular tissues, followed by a phase of somewhat reduced excitability. Changes in mood, enthusiasm and disappointment are characteristic of people of this type. They are talkative, often argue, but rarely slide into open conflicts.

Mass exaltation

The state of exaltation can simultaneously cover large groups of people in the form of spontaneous excitement to certain events - fire, earthquake, other natural, as well as social phenomena... The ecstatic, extremely agitated state of the masses can be induced artificially. For example, the phenomenon of mass exaltation manifests itself at concerts of pop stars, during and after major sporting events.

Exaltation in astrology

Astrologers also use the term "exaltation". For them, it means the position of the planet in a certain part of its trajectory, path. A planet in exaltation means the planet is not at home, not in its abode. She is “visiting” and at the same time at work. Its effect on the zodiac sign is different. It is believed that if in the monastery the planet acts on an intuitive-instinctive level, then in exaltation - on an emotional-sensual level.

EXALTED

EXALTED, exalted, exalted; exalted, exalted, exalted (book).

1. In a state of exaltation. Exalted person.

2. Generated, evoked, imbued with exaltation. Exalted act. Exalted gaze.

Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary... D.N. Ushakov. 1935-1940.

Synonyms:

See what "EXALTED" is in other dictionaries:

- (from the word exaltation). Enthusiastic, easily admired. Dictionary foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov AN, 1910. Exalted, enthusiastic. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Pavlenkov F., ... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

Inspired, enthusiastic, excited Dictionary of Russian synonyms. exalted see the enthusiastic Dictionary of Russian Synonyms. Practical guide. M .: Russian language. Z. E. Alexandrova ... Synonym dictionary

exalted- oh, oh. 1. Being in exaltation. ALS 1. The princess continued to engage in his re-education with all the enthusiasm of an exalted woman. Salt. Mr. Tashkent people. Exalted person. Ush. 1940. 2. Related to exaltation, characteristic of ... ... Historical Dictionary of Russian Gallicisms

Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

EXALTED, oh, oh; an, anna and EXALTED, oh, oh; an, anna (book). Exalted, exalted. Exalted behavior. Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

exalted- exalted, exalted and obsolete exalted, exalted ... Dictionary of pronunciation and stress difficulties in modern Russian

Adj. 1.rel. with noun exaltation associated with him 2. Inherent in the state of exaltation, characteristic of him. 3. Being in a state of exaltation. 4. Caused by a state of exaltation. 5. Expressing a state of exaltation. Explanatory dictionary… … Modern explanatory dictionary Russian language Efremova

Exalted, exalted, exalted, exalted, exalted, exalted, exalted, exalted, exalted, exalted, exalted, exalted, exalted, ... ... Word forms

exalted- exalted irregular; short form an, anna ... Russian spelling dictionary

exalted- cr.f. exalti / ro / van, exalti / ro / bath, bath, baths; exalti / ro / vanee ... orthographic dictionary Russian language

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