Extreme points of russia. The most extreme points of Russia from all four cardinal points

Still remained extreme point the countries in the north are Cape Chelyuskin on the Taimyr Peninsula (77 ° 43 "N), which is also considered the northernmost point of Eurasia. An additional island point is also taken into account - Cape Fligeli on Rudolf Island, which belongs to the Franz Land archipelago -Joseph (81 ° 49 "N). The extreme western point - the city of Baltiysk, is considered the outport of Kaliningrad. Cape Dezhnev and Ratmanov Island are considered the extreme eastern point. But the extreme southern point of Russia has now changed: before it was in Turkmenistan, it was the village of Kushka. Currently, the southernmost point of our country is located southwest of Mount Bazarduzu and east of the Main Caucasian Range, not far from the border of Dagestan and Azerbaijan. The first recorded ascent of Bazarduzu was made by Russian topographers in 1873.

Bazarduzu, whose height is 4 466 m, is one of the most memorable peaks of the Caucasian ridge. It is just incredible for mountaineering. Its gentle southern slope is optimal for novice climbers, and the icy northern, almost sheer wall belongs to the highest category of difficulty. Bazarduzu had different nations various names. Some translated this word as "flat-topped mountain", others called it Tikisar - the High Head. The Lezgins referred to it as Kichevnedag - the Mountain of Horror. But translated from the Turkic it means “market square”, more precisely, “turn to the bazaar”.

For a long time in these places in the Azerbaijani valley of Shahnabad, which is located to the east of this mountain, a large annual fair was held, which was attended not only by merchants and buyers from nearby regions and states, but also people from such countries as:

In order not to get lost, everyone was guided by the most noticeable mountain Bazarduzu, the ice wall of which immediately gave a complete picture of the location of the fair, since in this place one had to turn left, overcome a small pass and go to the desired place.

The distance between the northern and southern points of Russia is more than four thousand kilometers. In combination with the latitudinal position, this determines the different intensity of heat input to the entire surface area of the country, which is why three climatic zones are formed - arctic, subarctic, temperate. And also ten natural areas.

At present, the southernmost point of Russia is located at an altitude of over 3,500 m and is located 2.2 km east of Mount Radgan, southwest of the Nesen (3.7 km) and Bazarduzu (7.3 km) mountains.

The southernmost city of our country is Derbent (Dagestan). In 2015, its 2000th anniversary was celebrated. The location of the city at the narrowest point of the Caspian Passage influenced its architecture and the location of defensive buildings and walls. The longest is the wall to the west of the citadel, which is 40 km long. Its construction made it impossible to bypass the fortress along the mountain passes. The name of the city "Derbent" first appeared in the documents of the 7th century and meant "Locked Gate" in Persian.

In the center of the old city there is the oldest Juma mosque in the CIS and Russia. In 733, in addition to 7 mosques built in each of Derbent's magals, a large mosque was erected for the common Friday prayer. The final formation of the entire complex was completed in 1815. But during the atheist campaign carried out in the USSR, in the thirties of the last century, the Juma Mosque was closed, and then in 1943 it was returned to the clergy of the city. In 2015, it was restored. Oriental plane trees, which are several centuries old, are protected by the All-Russian state program Trees - Monuments of Wildlife. Their dense foliage protects pilgrims and numerous tourists in hot, sunny weather.

Derbent today is a real city-museum, with a history that has been going on for the third millennium. It has been preserved in its place since ancient times. Due to its advantageous location, the Roman Empire constantly tried to seize it, Golden Horde, enlightened Byzantium and even the Khazar Khaganate.

Most of the inhabitants of the ancient city keep and breed pigeons. Many courtyards, according to tradition, are equipped with dovecotes, they are also installed in attics and in the shade under trees. White birds flying up over the ancient city are extraordinarily beautiful, their flight cannot be forgotten.

Derbent is also famous for its carpets, the production of which began in the 5th century, and modern carpets are made according to the same old technologies made from natural materials.

Derbent is the most famous ancient city, not far from which the southernmost point is located. Close to it is Mount Radgan, whose height is 4020 m, but it is marked only on large-scale maps.

Planet Earth is truly unique. There are different continents here, on which, respectively, there are different countries with their geographic features... The largest continent is Eurasia. Here, among other countries, Russia is located. In this article, we will consider the geography of Eurasia and the Russian Federation in more detail. Let's find out where the extreme mainland points of Russia are.

Eurasia

The mainland Eurasia occupies 36% of the total land surface of the Earth (more than 53,500 million sq. Km), about 3/4 of the population of the entire planet Earth (about 5 billion) lives on it. The mainland is divided into two parts, Europe and Asia. They are territorially unequal among themselves. The latter makes up more than 80% of the area of the entire continent.

Europe

The northernmost section of this part is Nordkin Cape (Kinnarudden). Located in Norway, it is a rock jutting out into the Barents Sea. The opposite point, the most southern, is Cape Marroki. This place is located in the Spanish province of Cadiz, in the Strait of Gibraltar. There is a lighthouse here. The African coast is just 14 km away. Cape Roca (Portugal) - western point. It also houses a lighthouse that gives light to ships plying the Atlantic Ocean. The northernmost section is located on the territory of our country, in the Polar Urals.

Asia

The extreme points of the continents may coincide with those of some countries. So, for example, it happened with the Russian Federation. Some of the extreme continental points of Russia coincide with these sections of the indicated part of the continent. There are two of them. The northernmost mainland point of Russia is located at Cape Chelyuskin. It is located at the tip of the Taimyr Peninsula. The easternmost point of Russia is Cape Dezhnev. It is located in Chukotka. These extreme points of Russia are named after the great explorers of the Arctic. There is Cape Baba in Asia. This is the western extreme point of this zone of the mainland. It is located in the northwestern part of the Turkish peninsular formation of Asia Minor. The southern section is Cape Piai. This is the tip of the Malay Peninsula in Malaysia.

RF and Eurasia

Some ancient cartographers considered Russia to be an independent part of the world, so how wide is it? Our country occupies almost a third of the Eurasian continent, it is the first in the world in terms of territory and the ninth in terms of population. Russia has borders with eighteen countries, ranking first in the world for this indicator. Our country has the longest border in the world, which exceeds the length of the equator, while the sea lines are twice as large as the land ones. Three oceans wash the Russian Federation: Pacific, Atlantic and Arctic.
Anyone who has traveled or lives in the Ural Mountains has probably seen the corresponding pillars (tourists like to take pictures with them), delineating the border between Europe and Asia, parts of the world in which the largest and most notable events have taken place for many millennia human history, sometimes having a fundamental influence on the entire Earth... The southern borders of Asia and Europe are drawn along the Kumo-Manych depression. If we consider the ratio of the European and Asian parts of the world within Russia, then only 1/5 of it is located in Europe, the rest of the territory falls on Asia. "Yes, we are Asians," said the poet. If we consider his words in a purely geographical context, then he was, of course, right.

RF: a brief description of the country

Part Russian Federation includes eighty-five territorial and national-territorial entities. The state structure is federal. The country is a mixed republic. The capital of Russia is the city of Moscow, the country is headed by the president, the state language is Russian. The state includes various subjects of law, endowed with different powers depending on the status of education. The main units are regions, republics, territories, autonomous districts and regions, cities, including federal significance and subordination.

Geography

The territorial center of Russia is located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, not far from the southeastern part of the shore of Lake Vivi. The center of Asia is located in Tuva, near the capital - Kyzyl. The area of the country is 1/8 of the world's territory. It is more than one and a half times the size of Europe and almost twice the size of the United States. A quarter of the equator is the length of the largest country in the world from west to east (about 10,000 km), the length along the north-south line is more than 4,000 km.

Extreme points of Russia. Location on the cardinal points

The extreme eastern point of Russia coincides with the corresponding one in Eurasia, since the country's territory occupies the northeastern part of the mainland. This, as already mentioned above, is Cape Dezhnev. A non-continental point is located further east. This is the rocky island of Ratmanov. It is located in the Bering Strait. There is no permanent population on the island. The frontier post guards the easternmost border of the country. The island has one of the largest bird colonies in the region and a large walrus rookery. The extreme northern mainland point of Russia coincides with the corresponding point in Asia. As you know, this is Cape Chelyuskin. Further north, it is located on the island. Rudolph's Cape Fligeli. This is another extreme northern point of Russia. It is part of Franz Josef Land. It is the northernmost point on the non-mainland part of the country. This area is almost entirely covered with glacier.
In the west, the extreme point of the state is located in an enclave region that does not have common land borders with the Russian Federation, in the Kaliningrad region. It is located on the Baltic Sea, on a narrow part of the land. The Baltic Spit separates the Kaliningrad Bay from the main water area. This part of the land is covered with sandy beaches and dunes. The extreme southern point of Russia is located in the Greater Caucasus, on the border of Dagestan and Azerbaijan, not far from Mount Bazarduzu (southwest of it). The mountain peaks of these places, the rich fauna create a unique landscape that attracts the attention of tourists from all over the world. There are other extreme points of Russia as well. For example, the highest mountain peak is located in the Caucasus. This is the famous Mount Elbrus. The summit is located in Karachay-Cherkessia. The smallest height in Russia, the region of the Caspian depression is considered.

Territory of the Russian Federation. Short description

Our country occupies such a large territory that it can accommodate three climatic zones. In particular, it is temperate, arctic and subarctic. There are ten natural zones on the territory - from the northern arctic and to semi-deserts and deserts in the south. They make the nature of Russia one of a kind. There are tundra, forest-tundra, forest-steppe, taiga. Mixed forests, broad-leaved and steppes are also widespread. This is a land of natural contrasts. Mountains and plains, arid and swampy areas are unique landscapes. The country is rich in minerals and natural resources... The deepest lake in the world (Baikal), the largest river in Europe (Volga), the highest peak in the same part of the world (Elbrus) - all this is the Russian Federation. The vast territory of the country, which makes up one fifth of it, lies beyond the Arctic Circle. And some extreme points of Russia coincide with continental ones. In terms of relief, the country can be conditionally divided into several parts: Fennoscandia (Karelia, Kola Peninsula), East European and West Siberian Plain, Central Siberian plateau, Ural mountains, southern and eastern mountain ranges.

Russia is located in the north of the Eurasia continent, occupying about a third of its territory (31.5%). The extreme northern and eastern points of the mainland are at the same time the extreme points of Russia. Country located in two parts of the world and occupies the eastern sector of Europe and the northern part of Asia. Russia washed by the seas of three oceans: Atlantic, Arctic and Pacific.

Between Europe and Asia within Russia, it was carried out Ural mountains and along the Kumo-Manych depression. Only slightly more than 1/5 of the country's area (about 22%) belongs to Europe. Moreover, the European territory of Russia is often understood to mean the entire territory lying west of the Urals (about 23% of the area). In any case, the Asian part of Russia accounts for more than 3/4 of the country's territory. The 180th meridian passes through Wrangel Island and Chukotka, therefore, the eastern outskirts of Russia lies in the Western Hemisphere. The geographic center of Russia is located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the Evenk Autonomous Okrug on Lake Vivi. The center of Asia is located in Tuva, near Kyzyl.

The Russian Federation is the largest state in the world in terms of territory, the area of the country is 17 million 75 thousand 400 km 2 (one-eighth of the world's territory). The area of Russia is 1.7 times the area of Europe and 1.8 times the area of the United States, 2 times the area of the PRC and 29 times the area of the largest European state - Ukraine.

Northernmost point

The northernmost point of Russia on the mainland is far beyond the Arctic Circle at Cape Chelyuskin(77 ° 43 "N) Cape Fligeli on Rudolf Island in the Franz Josef Land archipelago is located even further north - 81 ° 49" N, the distance from Cape Fligeli to the North Pole is only 900 km.

Southernmost point

The southernmost point is located south-west of Mount Bazarduzu in the eastern part of the Main, or Vodorazdelny, ridge of the Greater Caucasus, on the border of Dagestan and Azerbaijan... The latitude of the point is 41 ° 11 "N. The distance between the extreme northern and southern points exceeds 40 ° along the meridian, and the northern mainland point is 36.5 ° from the southern point. This is just over 4 thousand km.

This length of the territory from north to south, combined with the latitudinal position, determines the uneven flow of heat to the surface of the country and the formation within it of three climatic zones (arctic, subarctic and temperate) and ten natural zones (from arctic deserts to temperate deserts). The main part of the territory of Russia is located between 70 and 50 ° N. About 20% of the territory lies beyond the Arctic Circle. The area of the regions of the North is 10 million km 2, in this respect only Canada can serve as an analogue.

Westernmost point

The westernmost point of Russia is located in the Kaliningrad region on the sandy Baltic Spit of the Gulf of Gdansk Baltic Sea at 19 ° 38 "30" east longitude But due to the fact that the Kaliningrad region is separated from the rest of Russia by the territory of other states and is an enclave, the extreme western point has turned into a kind of "island" point.

Eastmost point

The easternmost point of Russia on the mainland is on Cape Dezhnev(169 ° 40 "W) - Ratmanov Island in the Bering Strait is located further east - 169 ° 02" W.

The distance between the western and eastern outskirts of Russia is 171 ° 20 "or almost 10 thousand km... With the vast extent of the territory from west to east, the degree of continentality of the climate changes, which entails the manifestation of a sector in nature change. There are 10 time zones within the Russian Federation.

The highest point of Russia is Mount Elbrus (5642 m), located in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic on the border with the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. The lowest absolute height is noted in the Pre-Caspian depression (- 28 m).

The extreme point is considered the most remote place in the north, south, west and east, where the state border or the mainland of the country ends. Extremes can be continental or include islands or exclaves. Russia ranks the most large area among all states of the world. Throughout the history of the country's existence, its borders have changed many times. This article presents the most extreme western, eastern, northern, southern geographical points of both the continental part of Russia and taking into account the islands, as well as the most remote cities of the country.

Extreme points of the mainland

The northern point is located on Cape Chelyuskin (77 ° 43 "north latitude), Taimyr. The lands lie beyond the Arctic Circle, winter lasts here practically all year round... There is a meteorological station on the cape, the temporary population does not exceed ten people.
Southern point - located south-west of Mount Bazarduzu, on the border with Azerbaijan (41 ° 13 "north latitude). According to another version, to the southern point closer mountain Ragdan, but she is only depicted on large-scale maps.
Western point - located on the Baltic Spit in the Baltic Sea near the city of Kaliningrad (19 ° 38 "east longitude).
The eastern point is located at Cape Dezhnev (longitude 169 ° 40 "West). The mountain range drops abruptly to the sea. In good weather, the western coast of Alaska can be seen from the cape.

Extreme points including islands and other lands

The northern point is Cape Fligeli (81 ° 50 "35" north latitude 59 ° 14 "22" east longitude). It is located on Rudolph, which is part of the Franz Josef Land archipelago. Severe weather conditions make the island difficult to visit. There are no settlements, camps or border posts here. To mark the extreme point, a wooden cross was installed on the cape in 2003.
The southern point is located south-west of Mount Bazarduzu, on the border with Azerbaijan (41 ° 11 "07" north latitude, 47 ° 46 "54" east longitude). According to another version, Mount Ragdan is closer to the southern point, but it is depicted only on large-scale maps.
The western point is located at the Normeln border post located on the Baltic Spit in the Kaliningrad region (54 ° 27 "45" north latitude 19 ° 38 "19" east longitude). The lands border on Poland. No more than a thousand people live on the spit.
The eastern point is located on Ratmanov Island, in the Bering Strait (65 ° 47 "north latitude 169 ° 01" west longitude). The state border passes here, there is a frontier post on the island itself.

Extreme cities of Russia

Pevek is the northernmost city in the country (69 ° 42 "north latitude). It is located in Chukotka. After the collapse of the USSR, the settlement began to die out rapidly, today the number of inhabitants does not exceed five thousand. Summer in the city is short and cold, on the hills sometimes it does not have time to melt Snow In winter, temperatures drop to -30 ° C, and snowstorms are frequent.
Derbent, the southernmost city, is located in Dagestan (42 ° 04 "north latitude). In addition to the unique geographical location, Derbent stands out for its age. Old city Russia. The settlement attracts with its proximity to the sea, subtropical forest and vineyards. The lighthouse in the city center is considered the southernmost in the country.
Baltiysk is located in the west (19 ° 55 "East). It is here that the base of the Baltic Fleet is located. The city remained closed until the beginning of the XXI century. Tourists, in addition to the sea and beaches, are attracted by the unique architecture. There are preserved medieval defensive structures: Pillau citadel, Fort Stile ... Business card Baltiysk is a lighthouse.
Anadyr in Chukotka is the easternmost city in Russia (177 ° 30 "East). Here a short summer that lasts two and a half months. Winter is cold, hurricane winds are not uncommon. Travelers on arrival are greeted by houses painted in bright colors. In winter, in the sky you can to see the northern lights.Of the attractions are the swan lake, Elgygytgyn Lake.A unique architectural monument is the Holy Trinity Cathedral.

Extreme permanent settlements

In the north - the urban-type settlement Dikson, Krasnoyarsk Territory (73 ° 30 "north latitude).
In the south - the village of Kurush, Republic of Dagestan (41 ° 16 "north latitude).
In the west - the city of Baltiysk, Kaliningrad region (19 ° 55 "east longitude).
In the east - the village of Uelen, Chukotsky autonomous region(169 ° 48 "West longitude).

Extreme heights of the country

The lowest point in Russia is the level of the Caspian Sea (-28 meters below sea level).
The highest point of the country is the summit of Mount Elbrus (5642 meters above sea level).
The highest point in the Asian part of Russia -

February 18, 2014

The grandiose territory of Russia

Russia is rightfully considered the largest country in the world. Here, on its territory, there are three climatic zones and ten natural zones. From east to west, the country stretches for 10 thousand kilometers and 10 time zones.

Russia is the largest state in the world. When the east is already celebrating New Year, in the western regions the evening of the previous day is just beginning. The extreme eastern point of the country is Cape Dezhnev, located on the Chukchi Peninsula. There is an ancient cross and a lighthouse named after the pioneer. Semyon Ivanovich Dezhnev was the first seafarer to sail along the Bering Strait. But all the glory, unfortunately, went to Bering, who did it 80 years later. Only 200 years later, the Swedish explorer named the easternmost cape of Russia after Dezhnev. Not far from the cape there is Ratmanov Island, on which there is a mountain range called the Roof, on the slopes, on which the local inhabitants - the Eskimos - lived.

The northernmost point of Russia

The western extreme point of Russia is 10 thousand kilometers away from the eastern one and is located in the Kaliningrad region. It is located on the shores of the Baltic Sea. The Kaliningrad region is divided from Russia by the territory of other countries and is a kind of Russian island among other Baltic states. Therefore, sometimes it is sometimes not taken into account and they say that the most extreme point of Russia in the west is in the Pskov region at the junction of the borders of three countries - Latvia, Russia and Estonia. In determining the length of the state from east to west, one and the other point should be taken into account.

The northernmost point of Russia is located beyond the Arctic Circle, on the Taimyr Peninsula. It was there that the Great Northern Expedition was created in order to explore the territory of the country. Then the cape was named East North, but 100 years later it was named after the famous navigator Semyon Chelyuskin. It is winter on the peninsula almost all year long and the snow does not melt at all. Even in the very middle of summer, the mercury column in the thermometer does not rise above +1 degrees Celsius. There is a polar meteorological station, where only 10 people are constantly present. Helicopters provide communication with the mainland. They also deliver food and necessary things here.

Southern point of Russia

In the south, the extreme point of Russia is on Mount Bazarduzu on the border of Azerbaijan and Dagestan. It is more than 3.6 thousand kilometers from the northern edge. There are beautiful mountains in the North Caucasus with eternal glaciers on their tops. Many nationalities live there, very fond of their harsh land, they cultivate plots of land suitable for agriculture or raise sheep. According to another version, the southernmost point is located on another mountain called Ragdan. At its foot there is the southernmost kishlak - Kurush.

Many climbers make their ascents in the Caucasus Mountains. There are many seemingly inaccessible peaks, the conquest of which gives climbers joy and pride. Russia is the largest country in the world. On its large territory. There is also tundra, with its permafrost, in which day and night last for six months and endless steppes and centuries-old taiga. It is in our country that the border between Europe and Asia runs along the Ural Mountains.

Russians can be proud of their country, its mountains and steppes, seas and lakes. Its length is 4 thousand kilometers between north and south. Between west and east - 10 thousand. This territory belongs to all residents of Russia.