Sunbathing and solar hardening. What are the benefits of sunbathing and how to prevent the development of melanoma

The sun's rays are vital to us. We all know that under their action, the body produces vitamin D, which is so necessary for strengthening bones and increasing immunity. But, in addition, the sun gives us the hormone of happiness - serotonin, and the sun is also needed for its formation. And the sun helps to reduce pressure, prevents the formation of blood clots.

And at the same time, the sun can be our worst enemy: parched skin, premature wrinkles, sunburn, sunstroke, and even skin cancer all cause solar radiation.

In order to get the maximum benefit from the sun and not harm your health, you need to know how to sunbathe properly.

How to sunbathe

Taking sunbathing, you must follow some rules.

1. Sit in the shade for about 10 minutes before going out into the sun.
2. You should start with 5 minutes: 2.5 minutes for the back and chest. Increase the amount of time you spend in the sun by 5 minutes each day. The maximum time spent in the sun is 1 hour.
3. Lie down with your feet in the direction of the sun and do not forget to periodically turn over.
4. Do not sleep or read in the sun. You may not notice how long you sunbathe and get sunburned.
5. It is not necessary to sunbathe lying down. If you are moving: walking, boating or cycling, the sun's rays also affect you. At the same time, they fall at a smaller angle and their action is softer, which reduces the risk of sunburn.
6. For sunbathing best time- morning, before 11 o'clock, and evening - after 16 o'clock. In the sun, try not to go out into the sun.
7. Do not sunbathe immediately after eating, but being in the sun on an empty stomach is harmful.
8. If you have fair skin, it is better to sunbathe not under the direct rays of the sun, but under a canopy or umbrella.
9. Use a protective cream that matches your skin phototype. If you swim, then apply the cream every time you get out of the water.
10. Don't forget the headdress.
11. Be especially careful when sunbathing near the water and in windy weather. You can easily and imperceptibly get burned.
12. After sun exposure, don't go straight into the water, sit in the shade for a few minutes.

Sunbathing for the elderly

For some reason, there is an opinion that it is harmful for older people to be in the sun. In fact, the opposite is true. Scientists have found that the more time older people spend outside in sunny weather, the lower their risk of osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease and diabetes.

Only when exposed to the sun should the elderly be careful, especially if they have high blood pressure or they suffer from coronary heart disease.

It is better for older people to take sunbathing not in the open sun, but in its scattered rays: under an umbrella, in the shade of trees.

Sunbathing for children

It must be understood that the skin of a child is very sensitive to solar radiation, and the younger the baby, the stronger the effect of ultraviolet rays on it.

Pediatricians do not recommend sunbathing in direct sunlight for babies under one year old. They are suitable for air baths in the open air, but in the shade in calm weather. The temperature should be above 22 degrees. The duration of the first baths should be 1-2 minutes, then the sessions are gradually lengthened and brought up to 30 minutes.

Sunbathing should begin in diffused sunlight: under a light canopy or in lacy shade from trees, then you can go out into the open sun. Remember that the baby's head should be in the shade. Be sure to protect the child's head with a panama hat, a scarf with a visor, a hat with a brim so that the sun does not enter the eyes.

What is the duration of the baths? First take the child out in the sun for 1-2 minutes, after 2 days add a minute. The maximum time spent under the sun is 10 minutes. After this, the baby can be doused warm water. If you notice that the child is overheated: the skin is reddened, he is naughty or, on the contrary, has become lethargic, take him to the shade and let him drink.

Sunbathing is best done in the morning, before 11 am. Do not sunbathe at temperatures above 30 degrees.

Who benefits from sunbathing?

Due to the fact that the sun promotes the synthesis of vitamin D, sunbathing is useful for diseases and conditions such as:

• osteoporosis - vitamin D is essential for bone strength;
• caries - the sun is the prevention of caries. Scientists have found that children living in southern countries are less likely to suffer from this disease;
• age-related decline in vision - vitamin D slows down age-related macular degeneration of the retina;
• menopause - studies have shown that women who are rarely in the sun (less than 1 hour per week), menopause occurs 5 years earlier than those who constantly tan. In addition, during menopause, the development of osteoporosis begins, so women are shown sunbathing during this period.

The sun increases metabolism, and due to this it is useful for people suffering from obesity.

Under the influence of sunlight, the production of testosterone increases, so doctors recommend that childless couples spend their holidays in warm climes.

The rays of the sun dry and disinfect the skin, so sunbathing has a beneficial effect on skin diseases - neurodermatitis, psoriasis, acne.

Increased production of serotonin in the sun reduces the manifestations of depression. This is confirmed by the fact that in southern countries people suffer from depressive disorders less often than in the north, where the sun is a rare visitor.

To whom the sun is contraindicated

Sunbathing contraindications are:

• cardiovascular diseases with impaired blood circulation;
• oncological diseases;
• organic lesions of the central nervous system;
• significant sclerotic changes in blood vessels;
• increased sensitivity to solar radiation;
• active pulmonary tuberculosis.

SUNBATHING SUNBATHING- a therapeutic and hygienic procedure in which the naked human body (or individual parts of the body) is exposed to more or less prolonged exposure to direct sunlight. solar radiation contains visible and invisible (infrared and ultraviolet) rays. The influence of these rays on the human body is very great. Correct Application sunbathing improves blood circulation and human blood composition, soothes nervous system, increases metabolism in the body, improves appetite, sleep, has a beneficial effect on the skin, promotes hardening of the body. Sunbaths are dosed in absolute units of solar radiation (in calories), the amount of which is determined by a special device - an actinometer. Sunbathing usually starts at 5-6 feces(about 1.5 feces on each surface of the body: back, chest and sides) and adjusted to 30 - 60 feces adding daily 5 feces, less often more (under conditions temperate climate middle lane Soviet Union in the summer in the morning, the initial dose of solar radiation is 5 feces equals 5 minutes of exposure). Sunbathing is best taken in the morning: from 7 - 8 am to 12 pm (1/2 hour after a light breakfast), when the air is cleaner and less warm (to avoid burns or general overheating, which is especially dangerous for the elderly and children under the age of 5 years, whose body reactions are unstable and imperfect). Before sunbathing, you should consult your doctor. As a preparatory procedure, it is recommended to take several air baths(cm.). When sunbathing, it is necessary to take into account the humidity of the air and the strength of the wind; in calm weather, overheating can especially easily occur. Sunbathing can be used daily for 25 - 35 days, after which it is good to take a break for 1 - 2 weeks.
Sunbathing for therapeutic purposes can be started from a longer time, if only that part of the body that is subject to irradiation is exposed (legs, arms, chest, lower back); the dose is determined by the doctor.
Sunbathing is carried out on a special platform (solarium) or on the beach, where couches (with the foot end facing south) are installed with a raised headboard and a shield or umbrella above it. On the sea or river bank, you can lie on dry sand, spreading a rug or towel. After a sunbath, it is recommended to douche, shower or bathe, before which you need to cool down for 10 - 15 minutes in the shade.
Excessive sunbathing, especially for sunburn(see), harmful, as it can cause sunburn, disorders of the cardiovascular and nervous systems, exacerbation of chronic tuberculosis processes, etc.
Persons weakened, recovering from illnesses, are prescribed moderate sun treatment through a trellised awning. Sunbathing is absolutely contraindicated for patients with decompensated heart defects, with hypertension, active forms of pulmonary tuberculosis, with general arteriosclerosis, with tumors, and persons with a tendency to bleed.

Brief Encyclopedia household. - M.: Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Ed. A. F. Akhabadze, A. L. Grekulova. 1976 .

See what "SUN BATHING" is in other dictionaries:

sunbathing- Dosed irradiation of the skin surface of the body with sunlight as a means of hardening and stimulating the immune system in order to increase the overall resistance of the body to the effects of adverse factors environment, and also to warn ... ... Adaptive physical culture. Concise Encyclopedic Dictionary

Baths- I Baths procedures in which the body is exposed to water, air, sunlight for therapeutic, prophylactic or hygienic purposes. Most often, the term "baths" refers to water procedures; they also emit air (see Aerotherapy) and ... Medical Encyclopedia

solar baths- see Solar irradiation ... Big Medical Dictionary

HELIOTHERAPY- (from the Greek. helios sun and therapeia treatment), treatment with sunlight. The beginning of the use of G. refers to the period many centuries before Christ. e. This method was especially popular among the ancient Greeks and Romans, among whom the necessary part of the term ... ...

PHOTOTHERAPY- (phototherapy, from the Greek phos, photos light and therapeia care, treatment). Modern S. is based on acquaintance with the so-called. chem. the action of light. First of all, the effect of sieve on bacteria was studied. In 1877, Downes and Blunt (Downes, ... ... Big Medical Encyclopedia

RESORTS- RESORTS. Contents: Classification .................. 144 History .................. 145 Resorts of the USSR .... ..............151 List of resorts of the USSR with a brief description of them .................177 Foreign resorts ........ ......196 Resorts for… … Big Medical Encyclopedia

Phototherapy- Treatment with bright light One of the main treatments for seasonal affective disorder Phototherapy, or light therapy, is a type of treatment that consists in exposing the patient to sunlight, or light with certain ... Wikipedia

BABY- BABY. general characteristics characteristics of infancy. Breast age in modern pediatrics plays a particularly important role. Powerful development of knowledge about baby led even some authors to talk about the allocation ... ... Big Medical Encyclopedia

SOLARIUM- (from lat. sol sun), a place for sunbathing; the aerosolarium is more correct, since any sunbathing is one. time and air. In a sunbath, in addition to direct sunlight, scattered solar radiation is also used. ... ... Big Medical Encyclopedia

Preschool age- the period of development of the child from 3 to 6 7 years. During these years, further physical development and improvement of the child's intellectual abilities take place. Height and body weight. Growth of children in D. century. increases unevenly at first up to 4 6 cm per year, and ... ... Medical Encyclopedia

Air baths
Air baths are very useful, they harden the body, improve metabolism, have a beneficial effect on the nervous system, and calm the psyche. Good mood, cheerfulness, sound sleep and excellent appetite - this will be the result of a properly performed air therapy.
It would seem that it could be easier than taking air baths - undress and walk or lie down. However, in order not to harm your body, you should observe simple rules. The greatest effect of air therapy is achieved in the summer between 8-11 and 17-19 hours. Air baths are taken once a day under awnings, on verandas protected from direct sunlight, in the shade of trees. The time of the first procedures is 10-15 minutes, then it can be increased up to 1-2 hours. If the air temperature is below 15 degrees, then taking air baths should be postponed until more auspicious days. "Goose bumps" warns of hypothermia, get dressed soon.
Sunbathing (heliotherapy)
Fashion for skin color has changed over time. The ancient Greeks White color skin was considered a sign of ill health, and the father of medicine, Hippocrates, called the sun a cure for everyone. In the 19th century, beauties hid from the sun's rays under wide brim hats so that the skin remains the color of aspirin. But the famous fashion designer Coco Chanel at the beginning of the 20th century set the fashion not only for small dresses, but also for tanning. Everyone went to the beach, the cut of swimsuits changed every year, more and more revealing new parts of the body. Finally, the most "advanced" vacationers began to sunbathe without clothes at all, so nudists appeared.
The sun's rays, no doubt, are useful, under their action the pigment melanin is produced in the skin - the same tan, as well as vitamin D, which prevents rickets. However, it should be remembered that sunbathing should not be taken by people suffering from tuberculosis, vascular sclerosis, hypertension, diseases of the central nervous system, migraines.
Sunbathing is best taken in the summer in the morning from 8 to 11 and after the heat of the day subsides, from 16 to 18 hours. In the first days of rest, you should not remain under open sun more than 5 minutes, otherwise severe burns may result. Every day you can increase the time spent in the sun by 2-4 minutes. You should know that each person's susceptibility to sunlight is different: blondes react to radiation more than brunettes, children are about a third more sensitive than adults (remember how solar power plants work). Remember that long exposure to the sun in non-hardened people can cause exhaustion of the body, along with a bronze tan, they get irritability, headache, sleep disturbance and weight loss.
Sunbathing is taken after air, but before swimming in the sea.
Not recommended: before sunbathing, wash with soap, as soap degreases the skin, and it is easy to burn. Before going to the beach, use special cosmetics for sunburn and burns.
Sunbathe on an empty stomach or immediately after a meal.
Stay in the sun with your head uncovered.
Long lie in the sun. A strong tan dries the skin, which can cause wrinkles, weakens the nervous system, and has a bad effect on sleep.

BARIATRY is the most effective method of WEIGHT LOSS and WEIGHT KEEPING after WEIGHT LOSS in the world today.

Summer, probably, everyone associates with the sea, warmth and, of course, the sun. From childhood, we are taught that sunbathing is harmful to the body. Of course, it is impossible to dispute this fact - too large doses of ultraviolet radiation can really do much harm. But in moderation, the sun not only does not harm, but can also provide the body with invaluable benefits!

In fact, there are a lot of useful properties of sunlight:

1. Under the action of the sun, many pathogenic viruses and bacteria are destroyed. In addition, after a well-conducted course of solar procedures, a person develops.
2. Useful and even moderate tan. Under a layer of pigment in the body accumulates internal energy which helps to resist various diseases.
3. Sunbathing is the main source of extremely useful vitamin D, which is responsible for most metabolic processes and takes part in the formation of healthy bone tissue.
4. The sun contributes to the production of serotonin - the so-called.
5. Even after a short exposure to the sun, a kind of enlightenment occurs in a person - the brain begins to work more actively, efficiency increases noticeably, memory improves.
6. Experts also note that sunbathing contributes to weight loss. Under the influence of sunlight, the gastrointestinal tract begins to function normally, respectively, while fats are broken down faster than usual and proteins are absorbed.

How and when is the best time to sunbathe?

Scientists have conducted many experiments, studying how the sun affects the body, and how to get the most out of contact with it. So, one of the experiments showed that people sunbathing in the morning hours (from 8.00 to 12.00), the body mass index is significantly lower than that of those who did not deny themselves the pleasure of soaking up the sun at any time of the day. True, these data are relevant for the summer. In autumn and spring, the sun is less active and aggressive, so you can safely sunbathe even at lunchtime.

The very first sunbathing procedure should last no longer than a quarter of an hour, after which you should spend several minutes in the shade. Increase the duration of the procedures gradually - by five minutes a day. Sunbathe alternately on the stomach, then on the back. It is advisable to cover your head during procedures.

“The sun, like a mother, will never offend” This saying put the sun and mother on the same level, and one cannot but agree with this. The sun, indeed, is like a mother, and will praise us, and may scold us. Will render beneficial features on our body, but also, with strong love - to bring harm. The sun always makes us happy, we miss it on winter days, we wait for spring to come, then summer. Holidays will come, and it will be possible to sunbathe a little under a bright and warm luminary.

Doctors do not advise to spend a lot of time under the bright sun, especially in the afternoon. All these walks can end with a burn or heat stroke. Children are more susceptible to these complications. But this does not mean at all that you need to abandon the sun's rays. So that our joy is not overshadowed, it is necessary to know what pluses and minuses we get from our love for this “hot” planet.

Benefits of the sun and sunbathing

Everyone notices the benefit of the sun, is to regulate our daylight hours, or in scientific terms - the sleep cycle. Sunbathing gives us vitamin D. It is known that this component comes to us with food ( chicken eggs, butter, Cheddar cheese, cream, whole milk powder), but in order for it to transform, chemical transformations are needed. Under the influence of ultraviolet radiation on our skin, a group of vitamins - ferols is activated, as a result of which calciferol is produced, which we know under the name - vitamin D. This useful element regulates the absorption of many minerals, participates in the metabolism of phosphates and calcium.All these actions normalize the functioning of the kidneys, intestines, parathyroid glands, stabilize the skeletal system, skeleton, prevent osteoporosis, and have an antibacterial effect on us.

In itself, ultraviolet radiation also helps us and, when used in small doses, can be beneficial. It heals small wounds, dilates blood vessels, which leads to high-quality blood circulation. It has a beneficial effect on the condition of the skin - acne disappears, becomes elastic, healthy. Do not avoid the sun's rays, because every time you expose your skin, you get ultraviolet, thereby, the body produces a pigment that can scatter and absorb these rays. And by getting a tan, your skin shows that you are protected from radiation.

The radiation cannot be seen with the ordinary eye, it is outside the zone of the spectrum visible to us. But science has proven that it has three divisions - A, B and C. Two of them act hard on us and can harm us. These are rays B - they "work" in the middle of the day, so it is not advisable to walk between 12 o'clock and 15-16 o'clock; group C - mostly climbers are familiar with it - it acts high on the tops of mountains, it is considered very harmful; Ray A, which happens in the evening, is considered the softest and most harmless. In this regard, it is best, and more useful, to sunbathe in the evening, after 18 hours, less problems and skin color is beautiful, even.

In medicine, this ultraviolet is used in cosmetology (note that during frequent drying with a UV device, when building nails, you can get skin cancer), dentistry (it is harmless for the patient, and doctors need to be careful), dermatology. Created by physicists, the device, with the help of light, treats severe forms of tuberculosis, psoriasis, pustular diseases.

Too much sun damage

As a rule, the damage from the sun's rays that we encounter most often is burns on our body. They appear from the fact that we forget and for a long time spend under the sun, and then comes the pain and burning, notice the redness. Areas of skin begin to peel off. These are all signs of sunburn. Our skin is divided into five phototypes, and each of them has its own perception of ultraviolet radiation. Light people are at risk. They have 1 and 2 skin phototypes and the sun's rays are the most dangerous for them, they dry their skin, there are signs of premature aging, they are destroyed. useful material, squirrels. Staying in the sun threatens them with a disease - melanoma, skin cancer. These are blondes, they can also include redheads, light-eyed, often with freckles.

Also, the damage of the Sun to the eyes and brain may appear. In the first case, from exposure to sunlight on our vision, you can get a retinal burn. The best protection These are sunglasses, which are an important accessory in winter and summer. The cause of heat stroke is being under the scorching sun with an uncovered head. Symptoms - high temperature (40-41 gr.), nausea, headache, possibly loss of consciousness. Sometimes, heat stroke can lead to lethal outcome.

From all of the above, we see that vitamin D plays a significant role in many processes in our body. Avoiding contact with the sun and hiding from ultraviolet rays, we may experience a lack of this vitamin, which will lead to a decrease in immunity.

We all dream about summer, we plan trips to the sea... To make a walk along the beach bring you a good mood, we and the editors of the site www.site advise you to drink more fluids, do not stand under the sun, apply sunscreen to your skin, determine your skin phototype, use a hat, umbrella. Do not forget that sunbathing is best taken in moderation, but we have just considered the benefits and harms of the Sun! Remember that during treatment and when taking medication, a drop can be medicine, and a spoon can be poison? This is exactly what happens with sunbathing!