The soldier who covered the embrasure with his body. Closing the embrasure

According to the official Soviet version, on February 27, 1943, the 2nd battalion, in which Matrosov served, was ordered to attack a strong point near the village of Chernushki, Loknyansky District, Kalinin (Pskov) Region. Soviet soldiers went to the edge and came under fire from three German bunkers, which blocked the approaches to the village. Three assault groups of two people each were sent to suppress the fire. Two bunkers were destroyed, but the machine gun of the third bunker continued to shoot through the hollow in front of the village. It was not possible to suppress it, then two Red Army men were sent towards the enemy bunker - Peter Ogurtsov and Alexander Matrosov. Ogurtsov was seriously wounded and 19-year-old Matrosov had to carry out the order in one go. He got close to the bunker and threw two grenades in his direction. For a while, the fire stopped, but as soon as the Soviet fighters rose to attack, the machine gun began to fire again. Then Matrosov with a jerk rushed to the embrasure and closed it with his body. For a few moments, the machine gun fell silent again, and the Soviet soldiers were able to reach the unit that was not shot through by the bunker. This version is somewhat different from the real events of those days. Take at least the fact that in fact Matrosov died not during the assault on Chernushki, but at the village of Plethen.

In general, contradictions begin already in the question of the origin of Matrosov. According to the official version, he was born in Yekaterinoslavl (Dnipro) of the Ukrainian SSR on February 5, 1924. However, it later turned out that none of the Dnipropetrovsk registry offices mentions the birth in 1924 of Alexander Matrosov. There is another version, according to which not only the place of birth of the hero was different, but even his name. Some researchers believe that Matrosov's name is actually Shakiryan Mukhamedyanov and he was born in the village of Kunakbaevo in Bashkiria. He took the last name of Sailors when he became a homeless child, after he ran away from home, under which he enrolled in an orphanage. At the same time, it is known for certain that Alexander himself always called himself Matrosov. And according to the third version, he was a native of the village of Vysoky Klok, Samara province. The boy's mother, left without a husband, sent the child to an orphanage to save him from starvation.

Alexander Matrosov

It is also noteworthy that Matrosov's past was not at all heroic. He was convicted under Article 162 (theft of someone else's property) of the Criminal Code and as a teenager was sent to a regime colony in the Ulyanovsk region. Then he was sent to Kuibyshev to work as a molder at a factory, but Matrosov fled from there. In October 1940, the people's court in Saratov sentenced him to two years in prison for the fact that despite the order to leave the city within 24 hours, Matrosov continued to live here. He was sent to the Ufa children's labor colony. There he became a locksmith's apprentice, and soon an assistant educator. In 1967, the verdict of the people's court was overturned.

After the start of the Great Patriotic War Sailors have repeatedly asked to send him to the front. In September 1942, he was drafted into the ranks of the Red Army and sent to study at an infantry school. In mid-January 1943, he, along with other cadets of the school, was sent to the Kalinin Front. There it was decided to form a powerful task force under the command of Lieutenant General Mikhail Gerasimov, which was supposed to "take possession of the Loknya area and capture or destroy the Kholm group of enemy forces." The main blow was to be delivered by the 91st separate rifle brigade, which was part of the 6th Stalin Volunteer Rifle Corps of Siberians. On February 12, Matrosov arrived at the location of the 91st OSBR and began to serve as an automatic rifleman of the 2nd separate rifle battalion. Most of the soldiers were then armed with rifles, so only the best fighters were trusted with machine guns. Despite the fact that by the beginning of the offensive the strength of the 6th Rifle Corps outnumbered the enemy's forces, most of the soldiers, like Sailors, were young, barely fired recruits. The brigade, which included Alexander, was tasked with breaking the enemy's knots of resistance.

German bunker

On February 16-17, the advance of the troops began. Day and night, the soldiers cleared their way, walked through forests and swamps, due to off-road conditions they were forced to transport materiel and ammunition in their hands. On February 24, opponents noticed concentration Soviet soldiers and sent a reconnaissance group, part of which was killed and captured. The next day, Gerasimov's group clashed with the Germans. “On the Kholm-Loknyanskoye direction ... 6 sk from 12.00, after a short artillery preparation, went on the offensive on the entire front and by 17.00, overcoming stubborn enemy resistance and off-road, he was fighting. ... 91 OSBR continued the battle for Chernoe. " The 2nd battalion was sent to the rescue of the third battalion, in which the sailors served. On the night of February 26, they bypassed the village of Chernushka Severnaya to attack the enemy from the north. The Germans were able to divide the battalion into three parts, but after a stubborn battle, they were reunited. The enemy continued stubborn resistance. So in the battle at Chernushka, Alexander Matrosov received his first baptism of fire.

Gerasimov's group continued the offensive in the Kholm-Loknyansky direction. On February 27, the 2nd battalion, together with a part of the 4th battalion, launched an attack on the village of Plethen. The goal was to destroy the enemy defending the villages of Chernushka and Chernaya. On the outskirts of the village, the Germans created a powerful stronghold of three bunkers. The 4th battalion was advancing from the front, the "sailor" 2nd battalion entered from the flank, went to the edge of the forest and turned to Plethen. But the Germans were ready for such a maneuver, the bunkers had good overview and the exits from the edges of forests and groves were under heavy fire. The situation was complicated by the fact that on the eve of the mortar company of the 2nd battalion had lost materiel. However, the soldiers still had anti-tank rifles (PTR). Two assault groups managed to destroy the flank bunkers, but the machine gun from the central bunker continued to fire on the hollow. Attempts to destroy it from the PTR were unsuccessful.

Then the Red Army soldiers Pyotr Ogurtsov and Alexander Matrosov were sent to the bunker. Ogurtsov was seriously wounded, and Matrosov crept up to the embrasure from the flank. He threw two grenades in the direction of the bunker, for a while the fire stopped. The Soviet soldiers rose and went on the attack, but then the Germans began to return fire again. Then Matrosov rushed to the bunker with a jerk and closed the embrasure with his body. The bunker fire ceased again. The view of the German machine gunner was limited. At this time, Soviet soldiers were able to run to the dead zone of the bunker, where they could not be hit by enemy fire. The attack continued, and the Wattle village was taken.

The feat of Matrosov

Senior Lieutenant Pyotr Volkov reported to the head of the political department of the 91st brigade about Matrosov's act. His report formed the basis of the legend about the feat of Matrosov. However, in the post-Soviet era, other versions of what happened began to appear. So, there is a version that Matrosov was shot on the roof of the bunker when he climbed there. His body covered air vent to remove the powder gases, and while the Germans tried to throw off Matrosov, the Soviet troops were able to make a maneuver. Some researchers do not believe at all in the advisability of closing the embrasure with their bodies. They refer to the fact that for the German machine guns the human body could not become a serious obstacle. There is also a completely dubious version that Matrosov's act was an accident, he just stumbled and fell on the embrasure. Eyewitnesses refute them all. According to the stories of Peter Ogurtsov, who was supposed to destroy the bunker together with Matrosov, everything happened according to the official version of the death of his colleague.

The feat of Matrosov inspired many soldiers and was quickly taken into circulation by Soviet propaganda. It cannot be said that the act of the 19-year-old Red Army soldier was unique. And before him, and after him, the soldiers more than once rushed to the embrasure. In total, more than 400 soldiers performed a similar feat, one of them even managed to survive. Sailors was posthumously awarded the title of Hero Soviet Union"For the exemplary fulfillment of the combat missions of the command on the front of the struggle against the German fascist invaders, and for the courage and heroism shown at the same time." He was buried near the place of death, and then transferred the ashes to Velikie Luki. The name of Matrosov was the first to be entered forever in the lists of the unit.

Alexander Matveevich

Matrosov Alexander Matveyevich - gunner-gunner of the 2nd separate battalion of the 91st separate Siberian volunteer brigade named after I.V. Stalin's 6th Stalin's Siberian Volunteer Rifle Corps of the 22nd Army of the Kalinin Front, Red Army soldier. On September 8, 1943, by order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR I.V. Stalin, the name of Matrosov was assigned to the 254th Guards Rifle Regiment, and he himself was forever enlisted in the lists of the 1st company of this unit. This was the first order of the NCO of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War to enroll the fallen Hero forever in the lists of the military unit.

Born on February 5, 1924 in the city of Yekaterinoslav (now Dnepropetrovsk is the administrative center of the Dnepropetrovsk region of Ukraine). Russian. Member of the Komsomol. Lost his parents early. 5 years was brought up in the Ivanovo regime orphanage(Ulyanovsk region). In 1939 he was sent to a car repair plant in the city of Kuibyshev (now Samara), but soon escaped from there. By the verdict of the people's court of the 3rd section of the Frunzensky district of the city of Saratov on October 8, 1940, Alexander Matrosov was sentenced under Article 192 of the RSFSR Criminal Code to two years in prison for violation of the passport regime (Judicial Collegium for Criminal Cases of the Supreme Court of the RSFSR on May 5, 1967, this verdict canceled). He served time in the Ufa children's labor colony. Since the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, he has repeatedly addressed with written requests to send him to the front.

He was drafted into the Red Army by the Kirov district military registration and enlistment office of the city of Ufa in the Bashkir ASSR in September 1942 and sent to the Krasnokholmsk infantry school (October 1942), but soon most of the cadets were sent to the Kalinin front.

In the army since November 1942. Served as part of the 2nd separate rifle battalion of the 91st separate Siberian volunteer brigade named after (later the 254th Guards Rifle Regiment of the 56th Guards Rifle Division, Kalinin Front). For some time the brigade was in reserve. Then she was transferred near Pskov to the area of ​​Bolshoy Lomovaty Bor. Directly from the march, the brigade entered the battle.
On February 27, 1943, the 2nd battalion received the task of attacking a strong point in the area of ​​the village of Plethen, west of the village of Chernushki, Loknyansky district of the Pskov region. As soon as our soldiers passed the forest and reached the edge, they came under heavy enemy machine-gun fire - three enemy machine guns in bunkers covered the approaches to the village. One machine gun was suppressed by an assault group of machine gunners and armor-piercing soldiers. The second bunker was destroyed by another group of armor piercers. But the machine gun from the third bunker continued to fire at the entire hollow in front of the village. Attempts to silence him were unsuccessful. Then the Red Army soldier Alexander Matrosov crawled towards the bunker. He got to the flank of the embrasure and threw two grenades. The machine gun fell silent. But as soon as the fighters rose to attack, the machine gun came to life again. Then Matrosov got up, jerked to the bunker and closed the embrasure with his body. At the cost of his life, he contributed to the execution of the combat mission of the unit.

He was buried in the village of Chernushki, Loknyansky district, and in 1948 the ashes of A.M. Matrosov was reburied in the city of Velikiye Luki, Pskov Region, on the left bank of the Lovat River at the intersection of Rosa Luxemburg Street and the Alexander Matrosov Embankment.

A few days later, the name of Alexander Matrosov became known throughout the country. The feat of Matrosov was used by a journalist who happened to be at the unit for a patriotic article. At the same time, the date of the Hero's death was postponed to February 23, timed the feat to the birthday of the Red Army. Despite the fact that Alexander Matrosov was not the first to commit such an act of self-sacrifice, it was his name that was used to glorify the heroism of Soviet soldiers. Subsequently, over three hundred people have committed a similar heroic deed... The feat of Alexander Matrosov became a symbol of courage and military valor, fearlessness and love for the Motherland.

By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 19, 1943, the Red Army soldier Alexander Matveevich Matrosov was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for the exemplary fulfillment of combat missions of the command on the front of the struggle against the Nazi invaders and the courage and heroism shown at the same time.

Awarded the Order of Lenin (posthumously).

Alexander Matveevich Matrosov (Shakiryan Yunusovich Mukhamedyanov)(February 5, 1924, Yekaterinoslav - February 27, 1943, the village of Chernushki, now the Pskov region) - Hero of the Soviet Union (06/19/1943), Red Army soldier, rifleman of the 2nd separate battalion of the 91st separate Siberian volunteer brigade named after I.V. Stalin of the 6th Stalin Siberian Volunteer Rifle Corps of the 22nd Army of the Kalinin Front, a member of the Komsomol. Known for his self-sacrificing feat, when he closed the embrasure of a German bunker with his chest. His feat was widely covered in newspapers, magazines, literature, cinema and became a stable expression in the Russian language.

Biography

According to the official version, Alexander Matveevich Matrosov was born on February 5, 1924 in the city of Yekaterinoslav (now Dnepropetrovsk), was brought up in Ivanovsky (Maryinsky district) and Melekessky orphanages in the Ulyanovsk region and in the Ufa children's labor colony. After finishing 7 classes, he worked in the same colony as an assistant teacher.

According to another version, the real name of Matrosov is Shakiryan Yunusovich Mukhamedyanov, and he was born in the village of Kunakbaevo in the Tamyan-Kataysky canton of the Bashkir ASSR (now the Uchalinsky district of Bashkortostan). According to this version, he took the name Matrosov when he was a street child (after he ran away from home after his father's new marriage) and signed up under it when he was sent to an orphanage. At the same time, Matrosov himself called himself Matrosov.

After the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War, Matrosov repeatedly made written requests to send him to the front. In September 1942 he was drafted into the army and began his studies at the Krasnokholmsk infantry school (near Orenburg), but in January 1943, together with the cadets of the school, he volunteered as part of a marching company to the Kalinin front. Since February 25, 1943 at the front, he served in the 2nd separate rifle battalion of the 91st separate Siberian volunteer brigade named after I.V. Stalin (later the 254th Guards Rifle Regiment of the 56th Guards Rifle Division, Kalinin Front).

February 27, 1943 (although the date February 23 was entered in the order on assigning the 254th Guards Rifle Regiment named after Alexander Matrosov) heroically died in battle near the village of Chernushki. He was buried there in the village, and in 1948 his ashes were reburied in the city of Velikiye Luki, Pskov region.

By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 19, 1943, for the exemplary performance of the combat missions of the command on the front of the struggle against the Nazi invaders and the courage and heroism shown at the same time, the Red Army soldier Alexander Matrosov was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

In the order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR JV Stalin of September 8, 1943, it is written: "The great feat of Comrade Matrosov should serve as an example of military valor and heroism for all soldiers of the Red Army." By the same order, the name of A.M. Matrosov was assigned to the 254th Guards Rifle Regiment, and he himself was forever enlisted in the lists of the 1st company of this regiment.

Alexander Matrosov became the first Soviet soldier to be permanently enrolled in the unit's lists.

Feat

Official version

Soviet wartime postage stamp (No. 924, July 1944), dedicated to the feat of Alexander Matrosov (fig. I. Dubasov).

On February 27, 1943, the 2nd battalion received the task of attacking a strong point near the village of Chernushki (Loknyansky district of the Pskov region). As soon as the Soviet soldiers passed the forest and reached the edge, they came under heavy enemy fire - three machine guns in bunkers covered the approaches to the village. Assault groups of two were sent to suppress the firing points.

One machine gun was suppressed by an assault group of machine gunners and armor-piercing soldiers; the second bunker was destroyed by another group of armor-piercers, but the machine gun from the third bunker continued to shoot through the entire hollow in front of the village. Attempts to silence him were unsuccessful. Then Private Pyotr Ogurtsov and Private Alexander Matrosov crawled towards the bunker. On the outskirts of the bunker, Ogurtsov was seriously wounded and Matrosov decided to complete the operation alone. He got to the flank of the embrasure and threw two grenades. The machine gun fell silent. But as soon as the fighters rose to attack, the machine gun came to life again. Then Matrosov got up, jerked to the bunker and closed the embrasure with his body. At the cost of his life, he contributed to the implementation of the unit's combat mission.

Alternative versions

In the post-Soviet era, other versions of the event began to be considered. This was facilitated by distrust of Soviet propaganda, the availability of alternative means of struggle, and some design features bunkers: a flat vertical front wall, which is difficult to grasp, and a wide, located relatively high above the ground or reinforced with a slope, an embrasure that would help the body roll out of the line of fire.

According to one version, Matrosov was killed on the roof of the bunker when he tried to throw grenades at him. Having fallen, he closed the ventilation hole for the removal of powder gases, which gave the fighters of his platoon a respite to throw, while the enemy dumped his body.

In a number of publications, the statement was made about the unintentional feat of Alexander Matrosov. According to one of these versions, Matrosov really made his way to the machine gun nest and tried to shoot the machine gunner, or at least interfere with his shooting, but for some reason fell on the embrasure (stumbled or was wounded), thus temporarily blocking the machine gunner's view. Taking advantage of this hitch, the battalion was able to continue the offensive.

In other versions, the problem of the rationality of trying to close the embrasure with your body was discussed when there were other ways to suppress enemy fire. According to the former commander of the reconnaissance company Lazar Lazarev, the human body could not serve as any serious obstacle to the bullets of a German machine gun. He also puts forward the version that Matrosov was hit by a machine-gun burst at the moment when he got up to throw a grenade, which for the fighters behind him looked like an attempt to shield them from fire with his own body.

In all these cases, only the feat of Alexander Matrosov was discussed and other similar cases were not mentioned.

Propaganda meaning

In Soviet propaganda, the feat of Matrosov became a symbol of courage and military valor, fearlessness and love for the Motherland. For ideological reasons, the date of the feat was postponed to February 23 and was timed to coincide with the Day of the Red Army and Navy, although in the name list of irrecoverable losses of the 2nd separate rifle battalion, Alexander Matrosov was recorded on February 27, 1943, along with five more Red Army men and two junior sergeants, and Matrosov got to the front only on February 25th.

More than 400 people performed similar feats during the war.

Awards

• Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously) - assigned on June 19, 1943
• The order of Lenin

Memory

• Buried in the city of Velikiye Luki.
• The name of Matrosov was assigned to the 254th Guards Motorized Rifle Regiment, he himself was forever enlisted in the lists of the 1st company of this unit.
• A memorial complex has been erected at the site of the death of Alexander Matrosov
• Monuments to Alexander Matrosov are installed in the cities:
  • Velikie Luki
  • Dnipropetrovsk
  • Dyurtyuli
  • Ishimbay - in the central city park of culture and recreation named after A. Matrosova (1974), sculptor G. Levitskaya.
  • Koryazhma
  • Krasnoyarsk
  • Kurgan - at the former cinema. Matrosov (now the Toyota technical center), a monument (1987, sculptor G.P. Levitskaya).
  • Salavat - bust of Matrosov (1961), sculptor Eidlin L. Yu.
  • St. Petersburg (in the Moscow Victory Park and on Alexander Matrosov Street).
  • Tolyatti
  • Ulyanovsk
  • Ufa - a monument to Matrosov (1951, sculptor Eidlin L. Yu.) On the territory of the school of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and a memorial to A. Matrosov and M. Gubaidullin in Victory Park (1980)
  • Kharkov
  • pos. Bekshi of the Rezekne region of the Latvian SSR (k / z named after Matrosov), bust.
  • Halle (Saxony-Anhalt) - GDR (1971), re-ebb of the monument to Matrosov (Ufa).
• Named after Alexander Matrosov whole line streets and parks in many cities of Russia and the CIS countries.

Films

• "Private Alexander Matrosov" (USSR, 1947)
• “Alexander Matrosov. The Truth About Feat "(Russia, 2008)

A source: wikipedia.org

Allowing the soldiers of your platoon to attack the strongpoint. His feat was widely covered in newspapers, magazines, literature, cinema and became a stable expression in the Russian language (“breast on the embrasure”).

Biography

According to the official version, Alexander Matveyevich Matrosov was born on February 5, 1924 in the city of Yekaterinoslav, Yekaterinoslav province of the Ukrainian SSR, now the city of Dnipro, the administrative center of the Dnepropetrovsk region of Ukraine.

The real name of Matrosov is Shakiryan Yunusovich Mukhamedyanov, and the place of birth is the village of Kunakbaevo, Tamyan-Kataysky canton of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (now the Uchalinsky district of Bashkortostan). He took the last name of Sailors when he was a street child (after he ran away from home after his father's new marriage) and signed up under it when he was sent to an orphanage. At the same time, he himself wore a vest and called himself Sashka Sailor.

The official response from the internal affairs bodies of Ukraine testifies that in 1924 none of the Dnipropetrovsk registry offices registered the birth of Matrosov Alexander Matveyevich.

Pre-war years

Alexander Matveevich Matrosov was convicted under Article 162 of the RSFSR Criminal Code. The teenager was taken to the regime colony of the Ivanovka village, Mainsky district, Ulyanovsk region on February 7, 1938. After graduating from school in the Ivanovo orphanage, in 1939 Matrosov was sent to Kuibyshev to work as a molder at plant number 9 (car repair plant), but he soon escaped from there.

On October 8, 1940, the people's court of the 3rd section of the Frunzensky district of the city of Saratov convicted Matrosov under Part 2 of Article 192a of the RSFSR Criminal Code and sentenced him to two years in prison. He was found guilty of continuing to be in the city despite being signed to leave Saratov at 24 hours. Matrosov was sent to the Ufa children's labor colony No. 2 under the NKVD of the USSR, where he arrived on April 21, 1941. At the end of April 1941, a group of underage prisoners preparing for a group escape (about 50 people, including Sailors) was opened in the colony, only the organizer was convicted. He worked as a locksmith apprentice until March 5, 1942. After the start of World War II, the colony's factory began producing defense products (special closures). On March 15, 1942, he was appointed assistant educator and elected chairman of the central conflict commission of the colony.

On May 5, 1967, the Judicial Collegium of the USSR Supreme Court overturned the verdict of October 8, 1940.

At the start of the war

The instructor of the political department of the 91st separate rifle brigade, senior lieutenant Pyotr Ilyich Volkov, reported to the political department about the feat of A. Matrosov.

As a result of stubborn battles on February 27, 1943, units of the 91st brigade occupied three settlements: Severnaya Chernushka, Yuzhnaya Chernushka, Severnoe Black and a height marked "85.4". On February 28, there were battles for Chornoye Yuzhnoye and Brutovo. Losses of the brigade for February 27, 1943: 1327 people, of which killed: command personnel - 18, junior command personnel - 80, rank-and-file personnel - 313. By the end of the day on February 28, 1943, the offensive near Lokney was stopped. Loknya was released a year later, on February 26, 1944.

By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 19, 1943, the Red Army soldier Alexander Matrosov was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union "for the exemplary fulfillment of combat missions of the command on the front of the struggle against the German fascist invaders and for the courage and heroism shown at the same time."

Alexander Matrosov became the first Soviet soldier to be permanently enrolled in the unit's lists.

Feat

Official version

On February 27, 1943, the 2nd battalion received an order to attack a strong point near the village of Chernushki, Loknyansky District, Kalinin Region (from October 2, 1957, Pskov Region). As soon as the Soviet soldiers went into the forest and went to the edge, they came under heavy enemy fire - three machine guns in the bunkers blocked the approaches to the village. Assault groups of two were sent to suppress the firing points. One machine gun was suppressed by an assault group of machine gunners and armor-piercing soldiers; the second pillbox was destroyed by another group of armor-piercing gunners, but the machine gun from the third pillbox continued to shoot through the entire hollow in front of the village. Attempts to suppress it were unsuccessful. Then the Red Army soldiers Pyotr Alexandrovich Ogurtsov (born 1920, Balakovo, Saratov region) and Alexander Matrosov crawled towards the bunker. On the approaches to the bunker, Ogurtsov was seriously wounded, and Matrosov decided to complete the operation alone. He got to the flank of the embrasure and threw two grenades. The machine gun fell silent. But as soon as the fighters rose to attack, fire was again opened from the bunker. Then Matrosov got up, jerked to the bunker and closed the embrasure with his body. At the cost of his life, he contributed to the implementation of the combat mission of the unit.

Alternative versions

In the post-Soviet era, other versions of the event began to be considered.

According to one version, Matrosov was killed on the roof of the bunker when he tried to throw grenades at him. Having fallen, he closed the ventilation hole for the removal of powder gases, which made it possible for the fighters of his platoon to make a throw while the machine gunners tried to throw off his body.

In a number of publications, the statement was made about the unintentional feat of Alexander Matrosov. According to one of these versions, Matrosov really made his way to the machine gun nest and tried to shoot the machine gunner or at least interfere with his shooting, but for some reason fell on the embrasure (stumbled or was wounded), thereby temporarily blocking the machine gunner's view. Taking advantage of this hitch, the battalion was able to continue the attack.

In other versions, the problem of the rationality of trying to close the embrasure with your body was discussed in the presence of other methods of suppressing enemy fire. According to the former commander of the reconnaissance company Lazar Lazarev, the human body could not serve as any serious obstacle to the bullets of a German machine gun. He also puts forward the version that Matrosov was hit by a machine-gun burst at the moment when he got up to throw a grenade, which for the fighters behind him looked like an attempt to shield them from fire with his own body.

These versions are refuted by eyewitness accounts. In particular, Pyotr Ogurtsov, who tried to suppress the German bunker together with Matrosov, fully confirms the official version of the feat of his comrade.

Propaganda meaning

In Soviet literature, the feat of Matrosov became a symbol of courage and military valor, fearlessness and love for the Motherland. For ideological reasons, the date of the feat was postponed to February 23 and was timed to coincide with the Day of the Red Army and Navy, although in the name list of irrecoverable losses of the 2nd separate rifle battalion, Alexander Matrosov was recorded on February 27, 1943, along with five more Red Army men and two junior sergeants, and Matrosov got to the front only on February 25th. big number streets, squares, etc. On the same day - February 27, 1943, the platoon commander from the 2nd separate rifle battalion (in which Matrosov served), Mikhail Pavlovich Lukyanov performed the same feat near the village of Chernoe.

People who have accomplished similar feats

More than 250 people performed similar feats during the war years, while 45 people accomplished this feat before Matrosov; seven people after accomplishing such a feat survived, although they were seriously injured. Therefore, the statement "repeated the feat of Alexander Matrosov" in itself is absolutely meaningless for two reasons:

• 1) Because 45 people could not repeat this feat, so they did it before Matrosov.
• 2) It is possible to repeat the feat only by the one who performed it the very first, i.e. all the others, including Matrosov himself, only repeated the feat of Alexander Pankratov.

Awards

Memory

• Buried in the city of Velikiye Luki.
• The name of Matrosov was assigned to the 254th Guards Rifle Regiment on September 8, 1943, he himself was forever enlisted in the lists of the 1st company of this unit. After the end of World War II, the regiment was stationed in Tallinn (military unit 92953). In 1994, the 254th Guards Rifle Regiment named after Hero of the Soviet Union Alexander Matrosov was transferred to the city of Yelnya, Smolensk Region and disbanded until 2000. On February 23, 2004, the 752nd Motorized Rifle Regiment of the 3th Motorized Rifle Division of constant readiness in Nizhny Novgorod renamed into the 254th Guards Motorized Rifle Regiment named after Alexander Matrosov, then transformed into the 9th Separate Motorized Rifle Brigade (military unit 54046), which was disbanded by 2010.
• A memorial complex has been erected at the site of the death of Alexander Matrosov.
• Monuments to Alexander Matrosov are installed in the following cities and other settlements:
  • Isheevka - in one of the village parks.
  • Ishimbay - in the Central Park of Culture and Rest named after A. Matrosov (third version of the monument);
  • Krasnodar - at school number 14, which bears his name.
  • Kurgan - at the former cinema named after Matrosov (now the Toyota technical center), a monument (1987, sculptor G.P. Levitskaya);
  • Oktyabrsky - a monument to Alexander Matveevich Matrosov in the village of Naryshevo, a street in the city is named in his honor;
  • Salavat - bust of Matrosov (1961), sculptor Eidlin L. Yu.;
  • St. Petersburg (in the Moscow Victory Park and on Alexander Matrosov Street);
  • Sibay, Republic of Bashkortostan, bust;
  • Sevastopol (monument in Balaklava);
  • Ufa - a monument in the park to them. Lenin (1951, sculptor Eidlin L. Yu.); a bust on the territory of the school of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (formerly children's labor colony No. 2); memorial to A. Matrosov and M. Gubaidullin in Victory Park (1980, sculptors L. Kerbel, N. Lyubimov, G. Lebedev);
  • Halle (Saxony-Anhalt) - GDR (1971, re-ebb of the monument to Matrosov in Ufa).
• Memorable sign:
• A number of streets and parks in many cities of Russia and the CIS countries are named after Alexander Matrosov.
• JSC "RiM" (Mine named after A. Matrosov) - Magadan business unit of the company "Polyus Gold International" (Tenkinsky district of Magadan region).
• The name of Alexander Matrosov is the name of the passenger motor ship of the Passengerrechtrans company, which operates on the Yenisei on the Krasnoyarsk - Dudinka line.
• Museum of Alexander Matrosov (Ufa, opened in 1968 in the children's labor colony No. 2, now in the Ufa Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia) There was a helmet and a sapper shovel that belonged to A. Matrosov. In the 1990s, the exhibits were transferred to the created Museum of Military Glory, lost. The iron bed on which the colonist Sasha slept, several certificates, copies of letters survived.
• Museum of Komsomol Glory named after Alexandra Matrosova (Velikie Luki).
• Postage stamps were issued in 1944 and 1963.
• In 1983, on the occasion of the 40th anniversary of the death of the Hero, an artistic stamped envelope was issued.

Films

• “Alexander Matrosov. The Truth About Feat "(Russia, 2008).

Artworks

• Anver Bikchentaev. The right to immortality. - M.: Soviet writer, 1950 .-- 288 p.
• A. G. Bikchentaev The eagle dies on the fly. Ufa, 1966.
• Nasyrov R. Kh. Where are you from, Matrosov? Ufa, 1994

Enrolled in military unit 53129 MPK-332 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky

M atrosov Alexander Matveyevich - submachine gunner of the 2nd separate battalion of the 91st separate Siberian volunteer brigade named after I.V. Stalin's 6th Stalin's Siberian Volunteer Rifle Corps of the 22nd Army of the Kalinin Front, Red Army soldier.

Born on February 5, 1924 in the city of Yekaterinoslav (now Dnepropetrovsk is the administrative center of the Dnepropetrovsk region of Ukraine). Russian. Lost his parents early. Since 1935, he was brought up in the Ivanovo regime orphanage (Ulyanovsk region), where he graduated from 7 classes. In 1939 he was sent to a car repair plant in the city of Kuibyshev (now Samara), but soon escaped from there. By the verdict of the people's court of the 3rd section of the Frunzensky district of the city of Saratov on October 8, 1940, Alexander Matrosov was sentenced under Article 192 of the RSFSR Criminal Code to two years in prison for violating the passport regime (the Judicial Collegium for Criminal Cases of the Supreme Court of the RSFSR on May 5, 1967, this sentence was overturned) ... He served time in the Ufa children's labor colony. Since the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, he has repeatedly addressed with written requests to send him to the front ... Member of the Komsomol.

He was drafted into the Red Army by the Kirov district military registration and enlistment office of the city of Ufa in the Bashkir ASSR in September 1942 and sent to the Krasnokholmsk infantry school (October 1942), but soon most of the cadets were sent to the Kalinin front.

In the army since November 1942. He served in the 2nd separate rifle battalion of the 91st separate Siberian volunteer brigade named after I.V. Stalin (later the 254th Guards Rifle Regiment of the 56th Guards Rifle Division, Kalinin Front). For some time the brigade was in reserve. Then she was transferred near Pskov to the area of ​​Bolshoy Lomovaty Bor. Directly from the march, the brigade entered the battle.

On February 27, 1943, the 2nd battalion received the task of attacking a strong point near the village of Plethen, west of the village of Chernushki, Loknyansky district of the Pskov region. As soon as our soldiers passed the forest and reached the edge, they came under heavy enemy machine-gun fire - three enemy machine guns in bunkers covered the approaches to the village. One machine gun was suppressed by an assault group of machine gunners and armor-piercing soldiers. The second bunker was destroyed by another group of armor piercers. But the machine gun from the third bunker continued to fire at the entire hollow in front of the village. Attempts to silence him were unsuccessful. Then the Red Army soldier Alexander Matrosov crawled towards the bunker. He got to the flank of the embrasure and threw two grenades. The machine gun fell silent. But as soon as the fighters rose to attack, the machine gun came to life again. Then Matrosov got up, jerked to the bunker and closed the embrasure with his body. At the cost of his life, he contributed to the execution of the combat mission of the unit.

He was buried in the village of Chernushki, Loknyansky district, and in 1948 the ashes of A.M. Matrosov was reburied in the city of Velikiye Luki, Pskov Region, on the left bank of the Lovat River at the intersection of Rosa Luxemburg Street and the Alexander Matrosov Embankment.

A few days later, the name of Alexander Matrosov became known throughout the country. The feat of Matrosov was used by a journalist who happened to be at the unit for a patriotic article. At the same time, the date of the Hero's death was postponed to February 23, timed the feat to the birthday of the Red Army. Despite the fact that Alexander Matrosov was not the first to commit such an act of self-sacrifice, it was his name that was used to glorify the heroism of Soviet soldiers. Subsequently, over three hundred people committed a similar heroic act, but this was no longer widely reported. The feat of Alexander Matrosov became a symbol of courage and military valor, fearlessness and love for the Motherland.

Have By the kaz of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on June 19, 1943, for exemplary performance of combat missions of the command on the front of the struggle against the Nazi invaders and the courage and heroism shown at the same time, the Red Army soldier Alexander Matrosov was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

On September 8, 1943, by order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR I.V. Stalin's name A.M. Matrosov was assigned to the 254th Guards Rifle Regiment, and he himself was forever enlisted in the lists of the 1st company of this unit. This was the first order of the NCO of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War to enroll the fallen Hero forever in the lists of the military unit.

Awarded the Order of Lenin (09/08/1943, posthumously).

In the Victory Park of the capital of Bashkiria, the city of Ufa, a majestic monument was erected dedicated to the immortal feat of Alexander Matrosov and Minnigali Gubaidullin, at the foot of which the Eternal Flame burns. Monuments to the Hero are installed in Ufa, Velikiye Luki, Ulyanovsk, Krasnoyarsk, Dnepropetrovsk, St. Petersburg and other cities. The name of Alexander Matrosov is a children's cinema in the city of Ufa and a street, a memorial museum of A.M. Matrosov at the Ufa Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. His name was given to the Museum of Komsomol Glory of the city of Velikiye Luki, which since September 27, 2007 has been a structural subdivision of the Velikie Luki Museum of Local Lore - "Center for Patriotic Initiatives named after Hero of the Soviet Union Alexander Matrosov", streets, schools, motor ships, collective and state farms.

From the award list A.M. Matrosov:

"During his service in the 2nd battalion of the 91st Os. Br-dy in the company of machine gunners from February 1943, he showed himself as an honest, loyal son of the Motherland, politically literate, decisive.

During the battles with the German invaders in the area of ​​the village. Chernushki of the Kalinin region performed a heroic feat: when a company was advancing on a fortified area of ​​the enemy (bunker), the Red Army soldier Matrosov, making his way to the bunker, closed the embrasure with his body, which made it possible to overcome the enemy's point of defense ... "

ORDER

ABOUT THE ASSIGNMENT OF THE 254th GUARDS RANGE REGION NAMED AFTER ALEXANDER MATROSOV AND THE ENROLLMENT OF ALEXANDER MATROSOV FOREVER IN THE LISTS OF THE REGION

23 February 1943, guard private of the 254th Guards Rifle Regiment of the 56th Guards Rifle Division, Alexander Matveevich Matrosov, at the decisive moment of the battle with the Nazi invaders for the village. Chernushki, breaking through to the enemy bunker, closed the embrasure with his body, sacrificed himself and thus ensured the success of the advancing unit.

Have Kazom of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR from June 19, 1943 to the guard private comrade. Matrosov was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

V the great feat of Comrade Matrosov should serve as an example of military valor and heroism for all soldiers of the Red Army.

D to perpetuate the memory of the Hero of the Soviet Union, Guard Private Alexander Matveyevich Matrosov

I order:

1. 254th Guards Rifle Regiment of the 56th Guards Rifle Division to assign the name:

"254th Guards Rifle Regiment named after Alexander Matrosov".

2. Hero of the Soviet Union of the Guard Private Alexander Matveevich Matrosov to be enrolled forever in the lists of the 1st company of the 254th Guards Regiment named after Alexander Matrosov.

NS Read the rikaz in all companies, batteries and squadrons.

People's Commissar of Defense Marshal of the Soviet Union