How to understand the words of Jesus "if they hit you on the left cheek, turn your right cheek" and that "all earthly power is from God" (Antichrist - too?).
How to understand the words of Jesus "if they hit you on the left cheek, turn the right one" and that "every earthly power- from God "(Antichrist - too?).
The priest Afanasy Gumerov, a resident of the Sretensky Monastery, answers:
The words of Jesus Christ “whoever slaps you on your right cheek, turn the other to him as well” (Matthew 5:39) figuratively express the commandment: to respond to evil not with evil, but with good. But judgment and punishment over those who have done evil must be left to the Lord. This commandment is based on an immutable faith in the omniscience and omnipotence of God. The Lord alone knows the measure of what we need to endure. “Are not five small birds being sold for two assarii? and none of them is forgotten by God. And your hairs on your head are all numbered. So do not be afraid: you are dearer than many little birds ”(Luke 12: 6 - 7). If we fulfill this commandment, then we multiply good in the world. “For this is the will of God that, while doing good, we should block the lips of the ignorance of foolish people” (1 Pet. 2:15).
Is this commandment achievable? Yes. First of all, the Savior Himself gave us the greatest example of its fulfillment. By his redemptive feat. “Christ suffered for us, leaving us an example for us to follow in His footsteps. He committed no sin, and there was no flattery in His mouth. While he was cursing, He did not curse one another; suffering, he did not threaten, but betrayed the Judge to the Righteous. He Himself bore our sins in His own body on the tree, so that we, having died to sins, might live to righteousness: by His stripes you were healed ”(1 Pet. 2: 21-24). Many followers of Christ strove to fulfill this commandment and conquered evil. The faithful princes Boris and Gleb, when their brother Svyatopolk began a struggle against them, had their own squads and could, at the cost of bloodshed, try to take over him. But, as true disciples of Christ, they followed the path of sacrificial humility and became saints, and evil soon fell. One should not think that the fulfillment of this commandment is always associated with the shedding of blood. Not a day goes by that we do not have to show ourselves as true disciples of the Savior and respond with gentleness and love to small or big troubles caused to us. How often our spiritual weakness is revealed!
Is all authority from God? This question is answered by Scripture. Through all the sacred biblical books, the idea of the absolute omnipotence of God passes. The Lord is the only Ruler of heaven, earth and hell "You rule over all the kingdoms of nations, and in Your hand is power and strength, and no one can stand against You!" (2 Chron. 20: 6). If not a single hair from the head can fall without the will of God (Luke 21:19), then who can arbitrarily assert his authority over any nation. “The Lord is the kingdom, and He is the Sovereign over the nations” (Ps. 21:29). At the same time, one must distinguish. Some rulers are pleasing to Him. The Lord crowns them and anoints them for the kingdom: the prophet David, St. Constantine the Great, Justinian, Holy Queen Pulcheria, St. Grand Duke Vladimir and many faithful tsars, noble princes and other honest and worthy men. He chooses others to admonish peoples who have fallen into grave sins. Many rulers were such scourges in the hands of God: Sargon II, Nebuchadnezzar, Attila, Genghis Khan and many who lived after them. The Lord Himself speaks of the appointment of such power: “O Asshur, the rod of My anger! and the scourge in his hand is my indignation! " (Is. 10: 5). Divine Providence allows such power to be affirmed and uses it for Its own purposes, but personal guilt for the crimes of the rulers remains. God knows exactly the measure of everyone's responsibility and will reward everyone at the Judgment. When Pontius Pilate told Jesus that he had the power to crucify and the power to let him go, “Jesus answered: you would not have any authority over me if it were not given to you from above; therefore more sin is on the one who delivered me to you ”(John 19:10 - 11). At the end of times, to test people's faith before the forthcoming Judgment, the Antichrist will be allowed to temporarily establish dominion on the earth: “he has been given the power to act for forty-two months” (Rev. 13: 5). Then the Lord will not only deprive him of his power, but also “kill His mouth with the spirit and destroy with the manifestation of His coming” (2 Thess. 2: 8).
The well-known truth that every nation has such rulers as it deserves is quite consistent with the biblical teaching of earthly power.
Many gestures are not fixed by consciousness, but fully convey the mood and thoughts of a person. If there is a desire to become an attentive and interesting interlocutor, then it makes sense to understand gestures and facial expressions, to study the signals given by means of non-verbal communication.
So if:
- fingers clasped... There are three possible options: crossed fingers are raised at face level, lie on the table, lie on your knees. This gesture denotes disappointment and the interlocutor's desire to hide his negative attitude;
- hand protection of the mouth(it can be just a few fingers or a fist). This gesture indicates that the listener feels like you are lying;
- scratching and rubbing the ear... This gesture indicates that the person has heard enough and wants to speak out;
- scratching the neck... Such a gesture indicates a person's doubt and uncertainty;
- collar pulling... This gesture is used when the person is angry or upset. It can also be used when a person lied and suspected that his deception was revealed;
- fingers in the mouth... This gesture speaks of an internal need for approval and support;
- cheek support... The gesture indicates that the interlocutor has become bored;
- the index finger is directed vertically to the temple, and the thumb supports the chin... The gesture indicates that the interlocutor is negative or critical of what he hears;
Companion rubs his forehead, temples, chin, covers his face with his hands- this indicates that he is not in the mood to talk in this moment with anyone;
Human looks away- this is the clearest indicator that he is hiding something;
- crossed arms the interlocutor is signaled that it is better to end the conversation or move on to another topic. If the interlocutor crossed his arms and clenched his palms into a fist, then this means that he is extremely hostile. You need to end the conversation as soon as possible. If the interlocutor grabs his shoulders when crossing his arms, this means that he is already ready to go hand-to-hand;
- "pinching the bridge of the nose" gesture, the pose of the "thinker", when the cheek is propped up with the hand - these are gestures of reflection and evaluation;
- scratching the area under the earlobe or the side of the neck with the index finger of the right hand rubbing the nose with the index finger are gestures of doubt, which indicate that something is not clear to the interlocutor in the conversation;
The offended person most often takes the following position. He raises his shoulders and lowers his head. If the interlocutor has taken just such a pose, then the topic of the conversation should be changed;
A person seeking to end a conversation drops eyelids... If your interlocutor wears glasses, then he will take off his glasses and put them aside;
If your interlocutor bites the temples of glasses or constantly removes and puts on glasses, which means that he is taking time to make a decision. In this case, you need to help your interlocutor and give him the time he needs to think;
If your interlocutor walks around the room, this means that the conversation interests him, but he needs to think before making a decision;
Gestures and character
The smug and arrogant man puts his hands together.
A self-confident person who wants to show his superiority over others can be recognized by the gestures "placing hands behind the back with a grasp of the wrist" and "placing hands behind the head." Communication with such a person is difficult. Therefore, if they want to position him towards themselves, they lean forward a little with outstretched palms and ask to explain something. Another way is to copy the gesture.
If the interlocutor suddenly began to collect the fluff from his clothes, and at the same time turned away from the speaker or looks at the floor, this means that he does not agree with what was said or does not want to express his opinion.
A person who, during a conversation, holds on to the side edges of a chair with his hands or his hands are on his knees, wants to end the conversation. In this case, the conversation is stopped immediately.
By the way the listener exhales cigarette smoke, one can determine his attitude towards the interlocutor and to the conversation. If he blows smoke constantly upward, this means that he is in a positive mood and likes the conversation. If the smoke is directed downward, then the person, on the contrary, has a negative attitude, and the faster he releases the smoke, the more the conversation is unpleasant for him.
The gait is also an important determinant of the momentary state of a person. If a person has his hands in his pockets or he waves them, if he looks under his feet, he is in a depressed state. A person whose hands are clasped behind his back and his head is down is preoccupied with something.
Lowered shoulders and a raised head mean that the person is set for success, in control of the situation. Head tilted to one side - the interlocutor is interested. Rubbing the century - the interlocutor is telling a lie. Raised shoulders mean that the other person is tense and feels danger from you. Raised shoulders and a lowered head are a sign of isolation. The interlocutor is either unsure of himself, or afraid of something, or dissatisfied with the conversation, or feels humiliated.
In order to achieve the desired goal in a conversation, it is not enough to be an attentive person, you yourself must use openness gestures during the conversation, which will help to win over the interlocutor, call him into a frank conversation and leave the most favorable impression about yourself. Openness gestures include the gesture “ open arms", When they extend their hands to the interlocutor, palms up, and the gesture" unbuttoning the jacket. "
Watch your facial expressions: your lips should not be tightly compressed, while there should be a half smile on your face (lowered corners of the mouth are unacceptable - this means that you are upset about something, and no one needs such an interlocutor). When you look at the interlocutor, visually try to draw a triangle on his face, in which you need to look. It helps to maximize concentration.
Fingers, whenever possible, always keep together. When eating, dancing, smoking, the little finger is not put to the side, it will look cutesy and mannered. It is also indecent to point your finger.
When talking with someone, they look into the eyes of the interlocutor. Educated people they know how to control their eyes, facial expressions, giving the face a natural expression.
There are situations when during a conversation there is an irresistible urge to sneeze. You can refrain from this: just rub the bridge of the nose.
Handshake and personality traits
A domineering handshake promotes submission. It can actually make it impossible to establish an equal relationship. Such a handshake is characteristic of people who strive to lead, subordinate. At the same time, the palm is directed downward, and therefore the partner is simply forced to turn the palm up. It is recommended that you respond to a domineering handshake like this:
grasp the wrist on top, and then shake it. This will allow for a while to unsettle the person who intends to command.
shake the hand of a man with two hands. This handshake is possible between politicians as it symbolizes trust. This gesture, however, should not be used when meeting someone, because a stranger it can cause rejection.
An indifferent handshake is a light touch of the hands. Such a lifeless touch leaves the feeling that a person who is characterized by such a gesture has a weak will.
A strong handshake is one that can cause pain. He is usually preferred by serious people, whose main character trait is the desire to conquer.
A limiting handshake, that is, shaking with an unbent hand at the elbow, helps to maintain a certain distance between people, leaving the personal zone inviolable. This type of handshake is characteristic of people who are aggressive or who seek to protect themselves from other people's pressure. If, with a limiting handshake, only fingers are put into the palm, then this indicates that the person does not feel confident in himself.
A pulling handshake, in which one of the partners pulls on the other's hand, may mean that this person is so insecure that he just needs to be only in his personal area.
I.N. Kuznetsov
One day, American President Richard Nixon got into trouble. Speaking in Brazil, he habitually raised his hand with a ring connected by his thumb and forefinger. For him, as for any American, this gesture meant "okay." And for the Brazilians - as it soon became clear - sexual assault.
Very few gestures have universal meaning. These are mostly involuntary gestures that reflect our emotions and are not only common to all humans, but also unite us with primates. For example, gorillas, like humans, cover their faces with their hands when they are upset, beat their chest to show their confidence, and throw their hands up when they are very worried. In almost all cultures, the person who shrugs their shoulders demonstrates insecurity, indifference or disregard, while the person who holds his nose with his hand reports unpleasant odor... Bow (head or body) is a universal expression of reverence across all cultures. However, along with the universal gestures that are unmistakably readable by representatives of most cultures, there are many gestures that in different cultures have completely different (sometimes directly opposite) meanings. And similar meanings, on the contrary, are conveyed by different gestures.
The difficulty of understanding sign language is well illustrated by a children's anecdote. A cowboy and an Indian meet. The Indian pokes his index finger in the cowboy's face, and he pokes at him with two. To which the Indian folds his arms into a house, and the cowboy, in response, draws a wavy line in the air with his hand. Returning home, both retell the conversation that took place. Cowboy: “I just met a very warlike Indian. He says:“ I will gouge your eye out. ”And I answer him:“ And I will both for you. ”He told me:“ I’ll bury you. ”And I told him: drown "". And the Indian retells the dialogue as follows: “I just met a crazy cowboy. I ask him:“ Who are you? ”He answers:“ Goat. ”I ask:“ Mountain? ”And he answers:“ No, waterfowl. ”
Misunderstanding of gestures common to representatives of other cultures often leads to misunderstandings, resentments and even conflicts. This is how they gesture in the same cases. different nations.
Indication
In Indonesia, the thumb is not used for pointing, but the Filipinos point to the object with their eyes and outstretched lips. This pointing gesture, which is unusual for us, is also quite widespread among American Indians and some African peoples.
Beckoning
The usual "alluring" gesture for us, when the hand is raised to the level of the chest, the fingers are directed upwards and make swaying movements towards themselves, can be read by some peoples, for example, the Arabs, in the exact opposite sense - as a demand to leave. To call someone, the Arabs (and the Spaniards and Latin Americans who adopted this gesture from them) turn their hand palm down and move their fingers as if they were digging the earth. Similarly, people in Japan, China and Hong Kong are called. True, there you can also see a person who beckons someone with his index finger. But you can be sure that a person will never respond to such a call, since this gesture is intended only for animals.
In order to call the waiter, different countries there are also specific gestures. For example, the British and Americans, beckoning the waiter, perform a whole pantomime in the air with both hands, as if they are signing a bill. And in France it is enough to throw your head back and say: "Monsieur!" In Colombia and other Latin American countries, they sometimes clap their hands over their heads to call the waiter, but this gesture is considered a manifestation of dissatisfaction.
Greetings
The handshake has become a traditional greeting in many regions of the world. In the USA and in many countries Western Europe this gesture is used equally by men and women. However, in countries where emancipation has not gone too far (for example, in Latin America), it is not customary for a man to be the first to extend his hand to a woman. In China and Japan, a handshake is accepted only among partners of equal social status, and higher ones are often greeted with a polite bow. And in some parts of Mexico, the custom is widespread, shaking hands, and grabbing the partner's thumb.
The exalted inhabitants of southern Europe (Italians, French, Belgians) use a threefold kiss as a greeting. At the same time, for some reason, many of them are sure that the same greeting is accepted by the Russians. Foreigners are very surprised when they are told that Russians have a threefold kiss with a religious meaning and are performed once a year - on Easter.
In India, the traditional welcome gesture is still common - hands folded together, fingers up (as in prayer). In the Philippines, people greet each other with a slight lift of their eyebrows. And a native of Tibet, meeting a stranger, shows him his tongue. With this sign, he wants to say: "I have nothing wrong on my mind."
Approval, admiration
If you are accustomed to using the thumbs up to express admiration, then in many countries you run the risk of being misunderstood. In the Middle East (for example, Iran), this gesture is considered obscene.
In Spain, Mexico and Colombia, to express admiration, they pinch the earlobe with two fingers. This gesture is commonly used to praise the hostess for a delicious meal. To express extreme delight, Brazilians can even throw their hand behind their head and reach the opposite ear.
When a Frenchman wants to say about something that this is the height of sophistication and sophistication, he, connecting the tips of three fingers, brings them to his lips and, raising his chin high, sends a kiss. And the Chinese, expressing satisfaction, simply bring their hand to their lips.
The Turks have a unique gesture of approval: they raise their hand up and slowly fold their fingers into a fist, as if squeezing something.
The famous American gesture "okay" (a ring formed by the thumb and forefinger), which means "everything is in order, everything is good", can also be attributed to the gestures of approval. In other cultures, it can have a completely different meaning. In France, it means "zero", "nothing came of it", in Japan it symbolizes money and is used in a purchase and sale situation (for example, as a request to the cashier to give you change in coins). In Spain, Greece and South America this gesture has a sexually offensive connotation, as exemplified in the above story with Richard Nixon.
Gratitude
In Ceylon, gratitude is often expressed with a simple smile, but smiling too often can be interpreted as sexual flirting. The Chinese gesture meaning "thank you" is hands raised to the level of the head, folded in a handshake (we have a similar gesture meaning "friendship" or "agreed!").
In different regions of China, there are different gestures signifying gratitude for the good service in the restaurant. In North China, “thank you” is denoted by the thumb and forefinger folded into a ring (unlike the “okay” gesture, the hand is not raised up, but rests on the table). In southern China, fingers are tapped on the table as a token of gratitude, which is reminiscent of the European involuntary gesture of nervousness and excitement.
The meaning of this gesture dates back to the time of Emperor Qian Lun of the Qing Dynasty. The emperor once traveled incognito in southern China with his courtiers. In order not to be recognized, the emperor was dressed in a simple dress and served his courtiers over tea. And those, in order to secretly express their respect and gratitude to the emperor, invented a gesture depicting endless bows with their fingers.
Flirting, flirting
Gestures that signify admiration for female beauty are considered immodest in all cultures. But if in Europe women quite favorably endure all sorts of whistling, winking, snapping fingers and air kisses sent to them, then in Asian countries for such delight you can get smack in the face. It is also useful for young ladies to be able to distinguish between simple flirtation and dirty sexual innuendo. In France, a crude sexual gesture is the snapping of the fingers of both hands at the same time and the slap of the palm of one hand on the clenched fist of the other. In Greece, sexual harassment is expressed by tapping a finger on the chin, winking, whistling, and blowing kisses. In Argentina, a man makes an indecent proposal to a woman by tapping on inside thighs, and in Egypt - tapping each other with the tips of the index fingers.
Insult
In most cultures, offensive gestures are phallic. A raised fist (for example, Pakistan), a thumb (Iran), index finger, or elbow with a clenched fist (China) are considered offensive in many cultures. But there are also purely national insults. In England, the V sign (Victory) is considered offensive if it is not made with the palm outward, but with the palm to the face. Apparently, the British adopted this gesture from the Arabs, who lift the tip of the nose with two fingers, imitating the movements of the phallus. The crudest sexual insult among Americans is a fist with a raised middle finger.
The Greeks, on the contrary, wanting to offend a person, put their thumb down. Typically, this gesture is used by drivers who use it to express something like "Where are you going, you moron! Don't you see, I'm going!" In our country, this gesture is common among young people and means "sucks", that is, "bad".
In Greece, there is another gesture that has an offensive meaning. It consists in extending the hand, palm forward, with fingers outstretched - much like we do when we want to ask someone to shut up. This gesture dates back to the times of antiquity, when the faces of defeated enemies were stained with mud. A similar offensive gesture exists in Nigeria. And in Chile, this gesture has a more specific meaning and means "Moron!" V Saudi Arabia a more complex version of this gesture is used, when the hand with spread fingers is parallel to the ground, and the index finger is pointing down.
If in Russia the fig refers mainly to childish offensive gestures (like the protruding tongue), then among many peoples (for example, the Turks, Hispanics, the inhabitants of the Mediterranean) this gesture is a fatal insult, since it has a phallic meaning. For the Brazilians, on the contrary, it means a wish for good luck. And in Paraguay, an insult is a gesture that in the United States means a wish for good luck: crossed index and middle fingers. Probably, such an inversion of positive and negative meanings is not accidental: in Russia, the ritual of wishing good luck also consists of phrases, the literal meaning of which is far from benevolent (No fluff, no feather! - Go to hell!).
Westerners may offend Arabs with their habit of sitting cross-legged, especially in the American "number four" manner (the shin of one leg rests on the thigh of the other). This is due to the fact that in the Middle East it is considered an insult to show others the soles of your shoes. By the way, the American way of crossing the legs cost the lives of several spies during the Second World War, which, thanks to this gesture, not characteristic of Europeans, were exposed by German counterintelligence.
In India, it is considered a terrible insult to step on someone's foot (even by accident). In Thailand, a person may be offended if you put your hand on the back of the chair on which he is sitting, and in Japan if you hold out to him business card with one hand, not two (you should also take the thing outstretched to you with two hands and with a slight bow).
In addition to simply offensive gestures, there are ways in many cultures to express more specific accusations.
Drunk. To warn that a person is drunk, the French put their thumb and forefinger into a ring and "put" this ring on their nose. The Dutch in a similar situation tap on the nose with their index finger.
Chatterbox. To show that they are tired of someone's pointless chatter, the French make a gesture that imitates playing an imaginary flute. In Latin America and the Middle East, brush movements depicting the opening of the mouth are used to convey the meaning of "talker", "yap".
Greedy. To show that a person is greedy, in Colombia, the fingers of one hand are struck on the inside of the elbow of the other.
Liar. A specific gesture for depicting lies exists in Israel. When an Israelite taps the open palm of the other with the index finger of one hand, he says, "More grass grows in my palm than I believe your words." In France, the index finger at the lower eyelid means "a lie" or "I am considered a liar."
Homosexual. In the Middle East, a person's non-standard sexual orientation is reported in the following way: they lick their little finger and brush their eyebrow with it. Among Italians, a similar meaning is conveyed by pinching the earlobe. In Spain, there is an insulting gesture with a similar meaning, meaning also "girl" or "sucker": the head is tilted to one side, the cheek rests on the palm (imitation of the pose of a sleeping child).
Mind and stupidity
Gestures depicting intelligence and stupidity often have opposite meanings across cultures. For example, when a French, German, or Italian thinks an idea is stupid, he emphatically knocks himself on the head. A German slap on the forehead with an open palm is equivalent to the exclamation: "You're out of your mind!" And when a Briton or a Spaniard knocks himself on the forehead, he, on the contrary, is pleased with himself. Despite the fact that there is some self-irony in this gesture, the person still praises himself for his quick wits: "This is the mind!"
Germans, Americans, French and Italians have a habit of drawing a spiral at the head with their index finger, which means "crazy idea ..."
The gesture "finger to the temple" among Germans and Austrians means "crazy!", And in a number of African cultures this gesture means that a person is deep in thought. In France, a finger to his temple means that a person is just a fool, and in Holland, on the contrary, that he is smart or said a smart thing.
Especially confusing is the designation of the intellectual level of the interlocutor in modern Israel. In the "official", generally accepted in the country, sign language to put a finger to the temple means to praise someone for a clever idea. At the same time, many ethnic groups inhabiting Israel perceive this gesture differently. For Moroccan Jews, as well as for the French, it means “stupidity,” for American Jews, “you’re out of your mind,” and for people from Romania, “I think” or “think.”
Affirmation and denial
Those who are accustomed to understanding head downward movement as "yes" and from side to side as "no" will face many difficulties in the Middle East. In Saudi Arabia, "yes" is a rotation of the head from side to side (as we have "no"), and "no" is throwing the head back and clicking the tongue. In Lebanon and Iran, to say "no", it is enough to sharply raise and throw your head back, and to say "yes", on the contrary, tilt it slightly forward and downward. In Turkey, denial is expressed like this: you need to tilt your head back slightly and close your eyes. The Turkish statement is that the head is tilted down and slightly to the side.
Evil tongues claim that it was Princess Diana's flirtatious habit of tilting her head slightly to the side and down that influenced her philanthropic career. Whenever she visited with a humanitarian mission any of the Middle Eastern countries and listened there to numerous requests for help, this gesture of hers was taken for consent to help and was scattered in gratitude. The princess had no choice but to really fulfill the requests of all those in need.
In India and Malaysia, they shake their heads from shoulder to shoulder in agreement (this gesture in Russia means condemnation).
In Germany, "no" is often indicated by waving the hand from side to side (a favorite gesture of Soviet leaders on the podium of the Mausoleum).
As you know, Bulgarians shake their heads from side to side in agreement, and nod in denial. Legend has it that these gestures originate from the act of one folk hero... The conquering Turks persuaded him to renounce the faith of the fathers and to accept Islam. Under the threat of death, he had to verbally agree with them, but with a parallel gesture he simultaneously expressed denial. Since then, a nod in Bulgaria means "no".
To attract attention
To draw attention to their words, Brazilians snap their fingers while simultaneously throwing their hand sharply to the side. In Portugal, to be heard, you need to stretch your hand forward, palm down, and wiggle your fingers as if you were stroking someone on the head. A gesture that is often used by Western speakers to attract the attention of the audience (extended palm with outstretched fingers), among the Greeks, means a gross insult.
Danger signal
When a Spaniard or Latino touches the lower eyelid with his index finger and pulls it down slightly, it means: "Be careful, keep your eyes open!" If a Frenchman or a Dutchman rubs his nose with his index finger, he warns: "Something is unclean here", "Be careful", "These people cannot be trusted." This gesture is very close to the Italian tapping of the index finger on the nose, which means "beware, danger."
Doubt, bewilderment
When the Portuguese taps his index finger on his chin, this gesture means: "I don't know!" And if you tap your chin with your thumb, this gesture will have a completely different meaning: someone has died. In Paraguay, to say “I don’t know,” they grab the chin with two fingers; in Japan, they swing their hand from side to side. Puerto Ricans, wiggling the tip of their noses, ask, "What's going on here?"
Apology
If a Hindu touches your shoulder with his fingers and then his forehead, it means that he apologizes to you. And if he grabs the lobes of his ears, then he deeply regrets what he has done and swears of his loyalty. This gesture is the traditional gesture of the servant, which the master scolds.
Good luck wishes
The Austrians, in order to wish the person good luck, put two fists together and make a downward movement, as if they were hitting a table with them. In the USA, "for luck", the middle and index fingers are crossed. The same gesture in Russia among children means that the person is going to tell a lie. In China, good luck wishes are fingers locked in a lock and pressed to the chest. Another variant of the Chinese gesture is the little fingers linked together. This means reaching an informal agreement and the hope that it will be long. Our children use the same gesture as a symbol of reconciliation, but in Latin America and the Middle East, clasped little fingers, on the contrary, should be interpreted as: "Everyone. We had a fight."
ANNA FENKO
Popular seven-language phrasebook
| "Go here!" | "Hello" | "Class!" | "Fuck you!" | "Yes" | "No" | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| In Russian | The palm is turned | Handshake | Fist, big | Raised fist | Nod their heads | Shaking their heads out |
| up, fingers | thumbs up | arm bent in | up down | side to side | ||
| beckon | elbow, the other | |||||
| lies on the elbow | ||||||
| fold | ||||||
| American style | The palm is turned | Handshake | OK (ring) | Fist with raised | Nod their heads | Shaking their heads out |
| up, fingers | up average | up down | side to side | |||
| beckon | finger | |||||
| In Arabic | Arm outstretched | Right hand to | NO (EMPTY | Fingers in | Tilt slightly | Throw back sharply |
| palm forward | heart, then to | CELL) | "victoria", between | head sideways and | head | |
| way down. Fingers | forehead, then - | them the tip of the nose, | down (head | |||
| move like | palm forward | lift it up, | hung) | |||
| like digging the ground | up | imitating movements | ||||
| phallus | ||||||
| In Chinese | Arm outstretched | Straight bow | Bring the palm to | Raised fist | Nod their heads | Shaking their heads out |
| palm forward | head | lips | arm bent in | up down (like u | side to side | |
| way down. Fingers | elbow, the other | US) | (like we have) | |||
| move like | lies on the elbow | |||||
| like digging the ground | fold (like ours) | |||||
| In French | The palm is turned | Handshake | Air kiss | Pat | Nod their heads | Swing |
| up, fingers | palm one | up down (like u | index | |||
| beckon | hands clenched | US) | finger out | |||
| another fist | side to side | |||||
| (like we have | ||||||
| forbidden to children) | ||||||
| In German | The palm is turned | Handshake (like | Hands in the lock over | Fist with raised | Nod their heads | Hand waving |
| up, fingers | we have) | head | up average | up and down (like | from side to | |
| beckon | finger | US) | side palm to | |||
| to the interlocutor | ||||||
| In greek | Arm outstretched | Handshake | Hand in a fist | Stretched forward | Tilt slightly | Head up |
| palm forward | thumb | palm to | head sideways and | |||
| way down. Fingers | up (like ours) | hand to the interlocutor | down (head | |||
| move like | with splayed | hung) | ||||
| like digging the ground | fingers |
Interpreting dreams is not as easy as it might seem. Indeed, sometimes the smallest detail or insignificant circumstance can change the meaning of a dream. For example, dream books, interpreting why they dream of hitting someone in the face, recommend remembering what they hit for, what were the consequences, and in general, whether you hit in a dream or you.
Miller's dream book
If in a dream you hit someone in the face, it means that you are a very timid and insecure person. You are trying to release your anger and irritability through dreaming. A woman sees in a dream that her husband is hitting her on the cheeks, and she worries, why is this dreaming? The vision means that discord will "settle" in the family.
Briefly about the beaten ...
The meaning of dreams also depends on who exactly was hit in the face. This is what the dream of beating a specific person is about:
- loved one - he will cheat on you;
- an unfamiliar man - to pleasant acquaintances;
- ex-boyfriend - you cannot "let go" of your relationship;
- a rival is a sign of loyalty to a lover.
- deceased - you want to hide some information about yourself.
- one of the parents - changes for the worse are coming;
- hitting yourself in the face - to achieve the goal.
You are a victim of an attack, or Trouble in a dream and in reality ...
But what interpretations are given various dream books if you dreamed that you were beaten in the face.
Pastor Loff's dream book, for example, believes that such a dream is a reflection of the real state of affairs. In reality, someone infringes on the dreamer, someone who has little control over him: a spouse, a boss, a representative of the authorities, etc.
But Miss Hasse in her dream book objects to him. The interpretation of a dream in which you are beaten on the cheeks promises unpleasant news about who beat you.
If you dismissed your hands - a sign of success and victory
Dreamed of a beaten face of a colleague who was beaten by you? In reality, you will be able to prevail in some kind of bet or dispute. To beat her husband in a dream is a sign that the dreamer is happy in marriage. Finding out why you dream of hitting your husband in the face for showing signs of attention to another woman will help Gypsy dream book... He prophesies a victory over a rival, if any.
Did you dream about the beaten face of a crying mother? You can't get along with her in real life... Was your mother's battered face glowing with happiness in her sleep? An event will happen that will bring you good luck.
Observation from the side as a symbol of regret
Had a dream that you see how someone broke the nose of a person you know well? The interpretation depends on further actions: in a dream you stood up to protect this person - you somehow offended him in reality and now you regret; watched aside how his face was smashed - resentment lurked in your soul.
Do you want to know why there is a dream in which an eyebrow was broken to a person vaguely familiar to you? Eastern dream book indicates that such dreams symbolize regret for something.
Beating Response - From joy to sadness ...
I dreamed that they beat your child: does it matter if it is a daughter or a son? You are unhappy with the way things are developing around you. The child was still small, and cried all the time - you will bother a lot, prophesies Lunar dream book... An adult daughter appeared before you with blood on her cheekbones - chores will not bring the expectations you expected. The child did not shed a single tear - everything will happen as you planned.
State gestures
GESTURES EXPRESSING JOY AT MEETING OR SURPRISE
- “Throw up your hands” - a sharp separation and grip of the hands at chest level.
Breeding hands at waist level, palms forward and up.
Stretching your arms at chest level forward towards the interlocutor.
The eyes are wide open, the eyebrows are raised, and horizontal folds are formed on the forehead. The head can be tilted back a little.
Bowing of the head to the right or left shoulder (expression of surprise, doubt, embarrassment, question).
The bent arms are spread apart, raised, and then sharply lowered to the hips, slapping their palms on them, the expression on his face is joyful (a common gesture).
GESTURES OF ADMISSION AND DELIGHT
Children's gestures - waving hands up and down; light, frequent tapping of the fists on the thighs.
Delight, anticipation of the pleasant - intensive rubbing of open palms against each other.
Hands slightly bent at the elbows are pressed to the body, while on the face there is a mimicry of admiration, and the body is in a frozen pose.
Repeated rapid turning of the head to the right and left, the chin can be raised, and the lower lip is pushed forward.
The palm is stroked on the chest, at the same time they shake their head from side to side.
Fingers, folded into a pinch, are brought to the lips, kiss, and the hand with expanding fingers is taken to the side (more often in men). A familiar gesture, especially if it is done in relation to a woman.
Applause - claps of hands.
Attach the index finger or all fingers to the head, and then withdraw the hand with the index finger extended upward (a familiar gesture, expresses a high assessment of mental abilities).
Put your hand (s) to the cheek (s), on your face an expression of delight.
GESTURES OF ATTENTION
A slight turn of the head to the side towards the speaker.
Head tilt forward, slightly to one side.
A comic gesture - putting the hand with the palm downward with the edge to the forehead.
Turn around with your face or whole body to someone. If one interlocutor is out of sight (from the side or behind), the second interlocutor turns his face or head and shoulders to him or changes his position, becoming face to face opposite.
GESTURES EXPRESSING LOSS OF CONFIDENCE OR LACK OF KNOWLEDGE
Shoulder shrug (shoulders or one shoulder going up and then down).
Dilution of hands to the sides with open palms upward while lifting the shoulders.
Rub your forehead or temples with your fingertips or palm, your eyes narrowed (the desire to understand something, remember).
GESTURES EXPRESSING FEAR, Fright, Robot
Hands clasp the head.
The palm covers the mouth.
Hands are brought to the eyes and pressed to the face.
Abruptly bringing the hands to the chest with the palm of one hand on back side palms of the other hand.
- "Pull the head into the shoulders" - the shoulders are raised up, the head is tilted down. Mimicry of fright.
Close eyelids, closing eyes (expression of fear, horror).
The upper eyelids are strongly raised, the eyebrows are raised.
- “Backing away” - to leave without turning, backing away, but facing the interlocutor.
Put your hand (s) to the cheek (s), an expression of horror on your face.
Sit on the edge of a chair, leaning forward slightly, eyes fixed on the floor (a pose expressing indecision, insecurity, shyness in front of someone).
GESTURES OF DESPAIR
Clasp your head in your hands.
Raise your head and arms up, as if addressing the sky, fingers are extended up, and palms are turned slightly towards you.
Crunch your fingers - interlace your fingers and bend them in the opposite direction. Forcefully squeeze the fingers of one hand with the fingers of the other or pull the fingers in turn, crunching the joints (more often in women).
The palm or both hands are brought to the mouth, squeezing it (an expression of grief, despair).
Give up on everything.
GESTURES EXPRESSING DISPOSAL WITH YOURSELF
- "Beat yourself in the chest", "repent" - beat yourself in the chest with fists.
- “I am so slow-witted” - tapping with a fist, phalanges of fingers or palm on his forehead.
GESTURES OF REGULATION, ANGER
A reproachful, shameful gesture - shaking an outstretched hand towards the interlocutor, palm up.
Slap your thighs sharply with both hands.
A sharp pointing gesture with the whole hand towards the object of indignation with a reproachful shake of the head.
Vigorously wave your hand from the elbow downward in front of you.
The eyes are moved up, the eyebrows are raised (an expression of indignation, discontent, as a rule, about the excessive importunity or lack of understanding of the interlocutor).
Stamping your foot - they forcefully step on the entire leg, making a noise (the gesture expresses anger, discontent, irritation, stubbornness).
Bent arms are spread apart, and then joined by clapping their palms together (a gesture typical for women and children, but also found in men).
To drop the interlocutor's hand - they take the interlocutor's hand, placed on their hand or shoulder, and take it away from themselves.
Strongly clench teeth and lips, say something without unclenching your teeth (expression of anger, irritation).
The lips are drawn, strongly opening the teeth, an evil expression on the face (an expression of anger, rage).
GESTURES OF CONFUSION, DISTURBANCE, BARE, INSILIENCE
Breeding hands to the sides.
Rubbing your hands together, pulling your fingers.
Scratching the back of the head with the fingers of one hand, head down.
Fingers of both hands press to the temples or forehead or press the palms bottom to the temples (fingers are apart) - a gesture of confusion, despair, hopelessness.
Bite the lower lip with your teeth, repeatedly press down the upper or lower lip (a gesture of annoyance, resentment, expresses concern, nervousness, irritation).
Brush off the interlocutor.
Hands are taken to the sides of the body, palms are turned forward or up, facial expressions express helplessness and powerlessness).
Frequent and rapid blinking of eyes (expression of confusion, indecision).
GESTURES OF REMEMBER
Clicking with the middle and thumb.
Slamming or tapping the forehead with the palm of your hand.
Rubbing or tapping your temples with your finger.
Rubbing or tapping your forehead with your finger.
Scratching the occiput, head up.
The eyes are moved up (towards the ceiling).
GESTURES OF THINKING, CONCENTRATION
Rubbing temples with fingers.
Tapping with the index finger on the lips, cheek, or temples.
The forehead rests on a hand clenched into a fist.
Both hands support the head.
The palm rests on the cheekbone, cheek, ear, chin, forehead.
Twitching, tingling of the hairs of the beard, mustache (expression of concentration, thoughtfulness in men).
The chin (beard) is clamped with the whole palm or the mustache is clamped with the fingers. Option - run your hand over the chin or fingers along the mustache.
GESTURES OF APPROVAL, CONSENT
Handshake.
- “Okay” - wave your hand from top to bottom in front of you.
Applause.
- “Excellent” - the thumb is raised up, the hand is gathered into a fist.
Head downward nod.
Head shaking up and down.
Stroking the interlocutor's hand.
Click your fingers (connect the thumb, forefinger and middle) with a swing of the hand towards you.
- “Shake hands” - two interlocutors exchange handshakes, while one of them easily hits the joined hands with the edge of his left hand, separating them. Option - someone third with the edge of his right hand strikes the joined hands of two interlocutors (a gesture accompanying the ritual of a dispute, a bet, when they conclude an agreement on winning).
GESTURES FOR DIFFICULTY OF EXPRESSION
The head is tilted back slightly, scratching the occiput.
Hands are pressed to the chest (maybe palm to palm) or light tapping movements on the chest.
Search movements directed towards oneself: circular movements with the index finger, fingers move in a pinch.
- “Stumbling in one place” - standing in one place, transferring the weight to one or the other leg (an expression of indecision).
Threatening gestures
Stare at someone with a hard look, without looking away (condemnation, dislike, hatred).
Fist swing.
Tapping a fist on an object.
Showing fist. The hand is clenched into a fist, facing the fingers towards itself, bent at the elbow and swaying up and down, his face frowned.
- “You will receive it” - pat on the neck with the palm of the back.
- "Hang up" - holding the hand across the neck and up.
Threatening with a finger - the index finger is extended, the rest are clenched into a fist, the hand is bent at the elbow, which can be pressed to the body or pushed back, the hand makes oscillatory movements up and down.
OFFENSIVE GESTURES
- “Burdock” - tapping movements with the index finger on the tip of the ear.
Patting on the shoulder of an unfamiliar person or someone older in age or status.
Beck someone by flexion-extension of the index finger.
- “Dumb” - banging your fist on something hard, and then on the forehead.
- "Abnormal", "stupid" - screwing the index finger into the temple.
Give a slap.
- “Goat”, “cuckold” - putting two fingers behind the head.
Forefinger swing back.
- "Clutter" - palms turned forward, pressed with an edge to the ears.
Move the whole body or just the head back, the expression on the face is condescending. Superiority pose.
With one shoulder, or alternately with one or the other, move forward and backward (disagreement with the interlocutor, refusal to answer or take any action).
GESTURES OF GRATITUDE
- "Thank you" - tilt the head forward.
Handshake.
Bent at the elbow right hand it is applied with the palm to the chest or to its left side, the head is tilted down. Options - press both hands, fist or both fists.
Touching the partner's hand, stroking the partner's hand.
Light swaying with palms connected in parallel.
GESTURES OF NEGATIVE EVALUATION
- “Got it” - with your index finger, lift your nose up.
- "Like a cat with a dog" - sliding the spread fingers of both hands against each other (one to one) in front of you.
- “This is where you are sitting” - tapping with the edge of the palm on the back of the neck.
Tapping or rubbing bent fingers with knuckles together.
Tapping the tips of the fingers with the palms of the palm facing you against each other.
- “The same song” - circular motions of the hand, imitating the motor plant.
Look closely at the person from top to bottom or bottom to top. The head is tilted away from the interlocutor and thrown back (arrogance, contempt, neglect; critical assessment; unwillingness to contact).
The head is slightly tilted down and to the side, a sidelong glance is directed at the interlocutor (distrust of the interlocutor, alertness, suspicion, condemnation).
The eyelids are lowered, the gaze is averted to the side or to the floor when talking (an expression of aloofness, bad attitude to the interlocutor).
Narrow the eyes, leaving a small crack (contempt, discontent, irritation).
Turn your head or the whole body to the side opposite to the interlocutor at the moment when he enters or tries to speak. The gesture demonstrates a reluctance to contact, ignoring the interlocutor due to resentment or unfriendliness.
The arms are bent at the elbows, the fists are clenched: they hit with a fist on the fist or with a fist on the palm of the other hand, or with a fist on the knee (expression of discontent and irritation).
- “Tired”, “fed up” - with the edge of the palm of the hand, movement across the neck in front horizontally.
GESTURES UNDERLINING SPEECH
Head nods forward.
Chopping hand movements from the elbow to the side.
Striking from the shoulder with the hand from top to bottom.
Swing the hand from the elbow to chest level with the back side forward.
The arm is bent at the elbow, two or three times they hit themselves with the palm or fist in the chest - the desire to convince someone of something (a household gesture, typical for friendly communication).
The lips are compressed so that they are almost invisible - the desire to give meaning to what was said; a hint to the interlocutor that there is a hidden meaning in the phrase.
Closed hands swing to the sides. Sometimes only the fingers separate and close again.
The arm is bent at the elbow, all fingers, except the index, are clenched into a fist, the index finger is extended upward, the palm is turned to the side or away from oneself. This is a gesture of demand special attention; underlining the main thing in speech; often used for instruction, teaching.
They lightly clap their hands, and then rub them against each other, the expression on their face is joyful (a gesture of anticipation or a feeling of pleasure).
GESTURES OF DISAPPROVAL OR DISAGREE
Rocking from side to side from left to right with your index finger.
Turns the head from left to right in a horizontal plane.
- “All the same”, “don’t” - waving away from oneself or pushing off with one hand or both hands.
The eyebrows are pushed towards the bridge of the nose so that they form vertical folds on the forehead.
The corners of the lips are lowered or the closed lips are extended to the side so that the nose is slightly pulled, the eyes are averted to the side (an expression of disapproval, disagreement, unwillingness to do something; the gesture is more common in children and young people).
The lips are compressed so that they are barely visible - an expression of dissatisfaction, disapproval, unwillingness to contact.
The nose is wrinkled, the eyes are narrowed. The lips may be puckered or curled to the side.
With the pads or phalanges of the fingers, with the palm or fist, they hit the table.
Opening your mouth, push your tongue forward (disapproval or dissatisfaction with someone; rejection of something; common among children in relation to each other, rude).
GESTURES OF COMPLIANCE, GESTURES OF ENCOURAGING
Touching the interlocutor or stroking the shoulder, arm, sometimes on the back.
The palm is held (one or more times) on the head or cheek of another person (expression of consolation, sympathy; used in relation to children or between loved ones, in other cases it acquires a familiar or patronizing character).
They pat the interlocutor on the shoulder with the palm of their hand (consolation, encouragement; occurs as a professional gesture among doctors, teachers).
Unhurried repeated head nodding from top to bottom.
Head shaking from side to side, sympathetic expression.
Putting the other person's hand in your palms (gesture of participation and encouragement).
Put your hand on the hand (elbow, shoulder, knee) of the interlocutor and not remove it for a while (gesture of participation, encouragement). The degree of intimacy of the gesture increases depending on the duration and location of the touch: hand, elbow, knee, forearm, shoulder.
Patting on the cheek - several times it is easy to hit someone on the cheek with the palm of your hand (familiar, protective gesture of encouragement; more often in relation to children; typical for men).
GESTURES OF REGRET
Shaking the head horizontally.
Shrugging or spreading the arms to the sides.
The palm (or both) is brought to the mouth, squeezing it (regret about what was said).
GESTURES EXPRESSING IRONY OR DISTRIBUTION
Turning the face to the side while shrugging the shoulders.
Head shaking from left to right, eyebrows raised.
- "Talk, talk" - flexion-extension of the index finger from top to bottom, palm outward and downward.
Waving the forefinger straight up from side to side.
- “Meli, Emelya” - waving a hand against the open mouth from top to bottom in front of you.
The head is tilted down, and the eyes are raised to the interlocutor. A wary facial expression (an expression of distrust, apprehension, expectation, unfriendliness).
Like any sign system of everyday communication, the system of Russian gestures is open. Each historical era makes its own adjustments. The gestures of our days, for example, do not coincide with the gestures of Kievan or Peter the Great. Gestures, like words, quickly become outdated, and without special and historical commentary, the meaning of most of them is impossible to understand. Forgotten are such gestures as kissing a lady's hand, raising a hat when meeting and saying goodbye, oratorical gestures of the Bolsheviks and other, not so long ago, common gestures. But new gestures have appeared. These are the gestures of former prisoners, new Russians, English gestures for “money,” “everything is good,” etc.
However, the rules of old Russian sign etiquette should not be discounted. Many of them not only reflect the history of Russia, but are still the standard for behavior. For example, in pre-Petrine Russia, age and origin were necessarily taken into account in communication. It was not customary for the elders to go to the younger ones. An important person invited the owner himself or his relatives, less important - relatives or servants; people entered the room without a hat; equals stretched out their hands to each other; friends and family opened their arms, etc.
In the time of Peter I, all aspects of life were “regulated”. Very interesting practical guide for Russian young people - the collection "Youth is an honest mirror", which instructed parents not to stand in a hat, not interrupt elders, bad habits- sniff, chomp, scratch, speak through clenched teeth, spit.
Peter I strove to create a whole network of schools to educate the noble youth. For new army and the fleet required a large number of literate and knowledgeable officers who, by their manners and appearance were supposed to incline the hearts of Russians to change. Cadets, for example, should always keep their corps straight, tilt their heads slightly forward, not look at anyone proudly or contemptuously; do not keep your hands behind your back or in your pockets; blow your nose only into a handkerchief; do not stretch your legs away from the chair; talking or listening to someone, do not make obscene gestures; when walking, do not stamp or drag your feet; when talking with an honorable person, do not lean on anything and do not come very close to her; be humble in communication; do not laugh without reason, and when necessary, do not laugh loudly; not talking loudly, but not so quietly that the other cannot hear clearly; do not interrupt the conversation; do not whisper with others.
