Mayakovsky has a bad attitude towards horses. Mayakovsky "Good attitude to horses

Topic: From the literature of the XX century

Lesson: Poem by V.V. Mayakovsky " Good relationship to the horses "

Tall, broad-shouldered, with courageous and harsh features, Mayakovsky was actually a very kind, gentle and vulnerable person. He was very fond of animals (Fig. 1).

It is known that he could not walk past a stray cat or dog, picked them up, and attached them to his friends. Once he had 6 dogs and 3 cats in his room at the same time, one of which soon gave birth to kittens. The landlady ordered to immediately cover up this menagerie, and Mayakovsky hastily began to look for new owners for the pets.

Rice. 1. Photo. Mayakovsky with a dog ()

One of the most heartfelt declarations of love for "our smaller brothers" - perhaps in all world literature - we will find in Mayakovsky:

I love animals.

You will see a dog -

here at the bakery one -

solid baldness, -

and then ready to get the liver.

I'm not sorry darling

From the biography of V. Mayakovsky, we know that he studied in Moscow at the school of painting, sculpture and architecture, at the same time was fond of a new direction in art, called FUTURISM, and socialist ideas.

Futurism(from Latin futurum - future) - the general name of the artistic avant-garde movements of the 1910s - early 1920s. XX century, primarily in Italy and Russia. The Manifesto of Russian Futurists was called "A Slap in the Face to the Public Taste" (1912)

Futurists believed that literature should seek new themes and forms. According to their conviction, modern poet must defend their rights. Here is a list of them:

1. To increase the vocabulary by arbitrary and derivative words (word-innovation)

2. To an irresistible hatred for the language that existed before them

3. With horror, remove from your proud brow from the bath brooms the wreath of penny glory you made

4. Stand on the block of the word "we" amid the sea of ​​whistling and indignation

Futurists experimented with the word, creating their own neologisms. So, for example, the futurist Khlebnikov came up with the name of the Russian futurists - the Budelians (people of the future).

For participation in revolutionary circles, Mayakovsky was arrested three times, the last time he spent 11 months in prison. It was during this period that Mayakovsky decides to seriously engage in literature. In Aseev's poem "Mayakovsky begins" (Fig. 2), this period of the poet's life is described in the following words:

Rice. 2. Illustration for Aseev's poem "Mayakovsky begins" ()

And here it comes out:

big, long-legged,

splattered

icy rain

under the wide brim,

sagging hat,

under the cloak of poverty.

There is no one around.

Only a prison behind us.

Lantern to the lantern.

For the soul - not a penny ...

Only Moscow smells

hot rolls,

yes the horse falls,

breathing on the sides.

The mention of the horse in this passage is not accidental. One of best poems early Mayakovsky became poem "Good attitude to horses"(fig. 3).

Rice. 3. Illustration for Mayakovsky's poem "Good attitude to horses" ()

Plot it was prompted by life itself.

Once V.V. Mayakovsky witnessed a street incident that was not uncommon in the starving Moscow of 1918: an exhausted horse fell on an icy pavement.

June 9, 1918 in the Moscow edition of the newspaper " New life"No. 8 a poem by V.V. Mayakovsky "Good attitude to horses."

The poem is unusual in form and content. First, the stanza is unusual when a line of poetry is broken and a continuation is written on a new line. This technique was called "Mayakovsky's ladder" and was explained to them in the article " How to make poetry?". The poet believed that such a recording gives the poem the necessary rhythm.

Images in Mayakovsky's poem "Good attitude to horses".

Output: in the poem Mayakovsky raises moral problem cruelty and indifference of the world in relation to a living soul. However, despite this, the idea of ​​the poem is optimistic. If the horse found the strength to rise and stand in the stall, then the poet concludes for himself: in spite of everything, life is worth living and work is worth.

Means of artistic expression

Expanded metaphor... Unlike a simple metaphor, an expanded one contains a figurative likeness of a certain life phenomenon and is revealed throughout a segment or the entire poem.

For example:

1. By the wind of the experience,

shod with ice,

the street slid.

2. And some kind of general

bestial melancholy

splash poured out of me

and spread out in a rustle.

Stylistic techniques: assonance and alliteration... These are phonetic techniques that allow sounds to draw or convey an event.

Assonance:

The horse has fallen! -

The horse has fallen! -

With the help of vowels, the poet conveys the cry of the crowd, or maybe the neigh of a horse, its cry. Or the cry of a lyric hero? Pain, groan, alarm sounds in these lines.

Alliteration:

huddled together

laughter rang out and clanged

With the help of consonants, the poet conveys the unpleasant laugh of the crowd. The sounds are annoying, like the creak of a rusty wheel.

Onomatopoeia- one of the types of sound writing: the use of phonetic combinations that can convey the sound of the described phenomena

For example:

They beat the hooves.

They sang as if:

Using disyllabic and monosyllabic words with repetitive sounds, the poet creates the sound effect of a galloping horse.

Features of rhyme

V. Mayakovsky was in many ways a pioneer, reformer, experimenter. His poem "A good attitude to horses" surprises with its richness, variety and originality of rhyme.

For example:

Truncated, imprecise: worse - horse, onlooker - jingled

Unequal: in wool - in a rustle, stall - worth it

Composite: to howl him - in his own way

Homonymic: gone is a short adjective and gone is a verb.

Thus, the author uses various literary devices to create a vivid, emotional picture that will not leave anyone indifferent. This feature is inherent in all of Mayakovsky's work. Mayakovsky saw his purpose, first of all, in influencing readers. That is why M. Tsvetaeva called him “the world's first poet of the masses”, and Platonov called him “the master of the great universal life”.

Bibliography

1. Korovina V.Ya. Didactic materials on literature. 7th grade. - 2008.
2. Tishchenko O.A. Homework on literature for the 7th grade (to the textbook by V.Ya. Korovina). - 2012.
3. Kuteinikova N.E. Literature lessons in grade 7. - 2009.
A source).

Homework

1. Expressively read the poem by V. Mayakovsky "Good attitude to horses." What is the peculiarity of the rhythm of this poem? Was it easy for you to read? Why?
2. Find the author's words in the poem. How are they educated?
3. Find examples of expanded metaphor, hyperbole, pun, assonance, alliteration in the poem.
4. Find the lines that express the idea of ​​the poem.

Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky

They beat the hooves
They sang as if:
- Mushroom.
Rob.
Coffin.
Rough -

By the wind of the opita,
shod with ice
the street slid.
Horse on croup
crashed
and immediately
behind the onlooker onlooker,
the pants that Kuznetsky came to flare,
huddled together
laughter rang out and clanged:
- The horse has fallen!
- The horse has fallen! -
Kuznetsky laughed.
I'm the only one
his voice did not interfere with his howl.
Came up
and see
horse eyes ...

The street capsized
flows in its own way ...

I came up and see -
For a drop of drop
rolls in the face,
hiding in wool ...

And some kind of common
bestial melancholy
splash poured out of me
and spread out in a rustle.
“Horse, don’t.
Horse, listen -
why do you think that you are worse than these?
Baby,
we are all a bit of a horse,
each of us is a horse in his own way. "
May be,
- old -
and didn't need a nanny
maybe my thought seemed to go to her,
only
horse
rushed,
got to her feet,
rzhanula
and went.
She wagged her tail.
Red-haired child.
Cheerful came
stood in the stall.
And everything seemed to her -
she is a foal
and it was worth living
and the work was worth it.

Despite his wide popularity, Vladimir Mayakovsky all his life felt like a kind of outcast of society. The poet made his first attempts to comprehend this phenomenon in his youth, when he earned his living by reading poetry in public. He was considered a fashionable futurist writer, but few could imagine that behind the rude and defiant phrases that the author threw into the crowd, a very sensitive and vulnerable soul was hidden. However, Mayakovsky knew how to perfectly mask his emotions and very rarely succumbed to the provocations of the crowd, which sometimes aroused disgust in him. And only in poetry he could allow himself to be himself, splashing out on paper what ached and boiled over his heart.

The poet embraced the revolution of 1917 with enthusiasm, believing that now his life would change for the better. Mayakovsky was convinced that he was witnessing the birth of a new world, more just, pure and open. However, very soon he realized that the political system had changed, but the essence of people remained the same. And no matter what social class they belonged to, as cruelty, stupidity, treachery and ruthlessness were inherent in most of his generation.

In a new country trying to live by the laws of equality and brotherhood, Mayakovsky felt quite happy. But at the same time, the people who surrounded him often became the subject of ridicule and stinging jokes of the poet. It was a kind of defensive reaction of Mayakovsky to the pain and resentment inflicted on him not only by friends and relatives, but also by passers-by or visitors to restaurants.

In 1918, the poet wrote a poem "Good attitude to horses", in which he compared himself with a driven nag, which became the subject of universal ridicule. According to eyewitnesses, Mayakovsky really witnessed an unusual incident on the Kuznetsky Most, when an old red mare slipped on the icy pavement and "crashed on her croup." Dozens of onlookers immediately came running, pointing their fingers at the unfortunate animal and laughing, as his pain and helplessness gave them obvious pleasure. Only Mayakovsky, who was passing by, did not join the joyful and hooting crowd, but looked into the horse's eyes, from which "behind a drop of droplets in the face rolls, hides in wool." The author is struck not by the fact that the horse is crying at all, like a man, but by a kind of "animal melancholy" in its gaze. Therefore, the poet mentally turned to the animal, trying to cheer him up and comfort him. “Baby, we are all a bit of a horse, each of us is a horse in his own way,” the author began to persuade his unusual companion.

The red-haired mare seemed to feel the participation and support from the man, "she jerked, got to her feet, whinnied and went." Simple human participation gave her the strength to cope with a difficult situation, and after such unexpected support, "everything seemed to her - she was a foal, and it was worth living and working." The poet himself dreamed of such an attitude on the part of people to himself, believing that even the usual attention to his person, not covered with an aura of poetic glory, would give him strength to live and move forward. But, unfortunately, those around him saw in Mayakovsky, first of all, a famous writer, and no one was interested in him. inner world fragile and contradictory. This depressed the poet so much that for the sake of understanding, friendly participation and sympathy, he was ready to gladly swap places with the red horse. Because among the huge crowd of people there was at least one person who showed compassion for her, about which Mayakovsky could only dream.

Mayakovsky was an extraordinary personality and an outstanding poet. He often raised simple human themes in his works. One of them is pity and sympathy for the fate of the horse that fell in the middle of the square, in his poem "Good attitude to horses." And people were in a hurry and ran around. They do not care about the tragedy of a living being.

The author discusses what has become of humanity, which does not sympathize with the poor animal, where have all gone best qualities that are inherent in humanity. She lay in the middle of the street and looked around with sad eyes. Mayakovsky compares people to a horse, implying that the same can happen to any of the society, and around, hundreds of people will continue to rush and race, and no one will show compassion. Many will just walk through and not even turn their heads. Each line of the poet is filled with sadness and tragic loneliness, where through laughter and voices one can hear, as it were, the sound of horses' hooves, receding into the gray drag of the day.

Mayakovsky has his own artistic and expressive means, with the help of which the atmosphere of the work is whipped up. For this, the writer uses a special rhyme of lines and words, which was so characteristic of him. In general, he was a great master of inventing new words and means for a clearer and more non-standard expression of his thoughts. Mayakovsky used precise and imprecise, rich rhymes, with feminine and masculine accents. The poet used free and free verse, which gave him the opportunity to more accurately express the necessary thoughts and emotions. He called for help - sound writing, a phonetic speech tool that gave the work a special expressiveness.

Sounds are often repeated and contrasted in lines: vowels and consonants. He used alliteration and assonance, metaphors and inversion. When, at the end of the poem, the red horse, gathering its last strength, remembering itself as a small horse, got up and walked down the street, clattering its hooves with a loud clatter. She seemed to be supported by a lyrical hero who sympathized with her and condemned those who laughed at her. And there was hope that there would be good, joy and life.

Analysis of the poem Good attitude towards Mayakovsky's horses

VV Mayakovsky's poem "A good attitude to horses" is one of the most poignant and life-affirming poems of the poet, beloved even by those who do not like the poet's work.
It begins with the words:

"They beat the hooves,
They sang as if:
-Mushroom.
Rob.
Coffin.
Rude
By the wind of the opita,
shod with ice
the street slid. "

To convey the atmosphere of that time, the chaos that reigned in society, Mayakovsky uses such gloomy words to begin his poem.

And immediately you imagine a cobblestone pavement in the center of old Moscow. a cold winter day, a cart with a red horse in a harness and clerks, artisans and other business people scurrying about their business. Everything goes on as usual ...

I. about horror "" Horse on the croup
crashed
and immediately
behind the onlooker onlooker,
pants
come
Kuznetsky
flare
huddled together ... "

A crowd immediately gathered near the old mare, the laughter of which "rang out" throughout Kuznetsky.
Here Mayakovsky wants to show the spiritual image of a huge crowd. There can be no question of any compassion and mercy.

And what about the horse? Helpless, old and exhausted, she lay on the pavement and understood everything. And only one (!) Person from the crowd approached the horse and looked into the "horse's eyes" full of entreaty, humiliation and shame for his helpless old age. The compassion for the horse was so great that the man spoke to her in human language:

"Horse, don't.
Horse,
listen to what you think you are
these are worse?
Baby,
all of us
a little
horses,
each of us
in my own way
horse."

Here Mayakovsky makes it clear that people who mocked a fallen horse are no better than the horses themselves.
These human words of encouragement worked wonders! The horse, as if it understood them and they gave it strength! The horse jumped to its feet, "whinnied and went"! She no longer felt old and sick, she remembered her youth and seemed like a foal to herself!

"It was worth living and working!" - with this life-affirming phrase Mayakovsky ends his poem. And somehow it becomes good at heart from such a denouement of the plot.

What is this poem about? The poem teaches us kindness, participation, concern for someone else's misfortune, respect for old age. Time spoken kind word, help and support to those who especially need it can turn a lot in a person's soul. Even the horse understood the man's sincere compassion for her.

As you know, Mayakovsky in his life experienced persecution, misunderstanding, denial of his work, so we can assume that he imagined himself the very horse that so needs human participation!

Analysis of the poem Treating horses well according to plan

The young futurist poet created the poem by Vladimir Mayakovsky "Good attitude to horses" after the revolution, in 1918. Feeling like an outcast in the society around him, Mayakovsky accepted the revolution with great enthusiasm, hoping for significant changes, both in his life and in life. ordinary people, however, he soon became disillusioned with her ideals, drawing for himself the conclusion that although the state system had undergone changes, people for the most part remained the same. Stupidity, cruelty, treachery and ruthlessness remained a priority for the majority of representatives of almost all social classes, and it was impossible to do anything about it. Mayakovsky liked the new state that promoted the supremacy of equality and justice, but the people around him, causing him suffering and pain, often received in response his evil ridicule and sarcastic jokes, which acted as a defensive reaction of the young poet to the insults of the crowd.

Problems of the work

The poem was created by Mayakovsky after he himself witnessed how on the icy pavement of the Kuznetsk bridge "a horse crashed on its croup." In his characteristic straightforward manner, he shows the reader how it happened and describes how the crowd reacted to it, for which this incident seemed very comical and amusing: “laughter rang out and rang out:“ The horse has fallen! The horse has fallen! - Kuznetsky laughed. "

And only one author, accidentally passing by, did not want to become part of the hooting and laughing crowd at the poor creature. He was struck by that "animal melancholy" that lurked in the depths of the horse's eyes, and he wanted to somehow support and cheer up the poor animal. In his mind, he asked her to stop crying and consoled her with the words: "Baby, we are all a bit of a horse, each of us is a horse in his own way."

And the red mare, as if sensing and understanding his kindness and warm participation in her fate, rises to her feet and moves on. The words of support that she received from a casual passer-by give her strength to overcome her problems, she again feels young and energetic, ready to continue the difficult, sometimes unbearable hard labor: “And everything seemed to her - she was a foal, and it was worth living and working ".

Composition and artistic techniques

To convey the atmosphere of tragic loneliness, the author uses various artistic techniques: sound writing (conveying a description of an object through the sounds he makes) - the knock of horse hooves "mushroom, rob, coffin, rude", alliteration - the repetition of consonant sounds [l], [r], [p ], [b] to create for readers a sound picture of a horse's clattering walk on the city pavement, assonance - the repetition of the vowel sounds [y], [and], [a] helps to betray the sounds of the crowd “The horse has fallen! A horse has fallen! ”Horse screams of pain and screams of onlookers.

The use of neologisms (claw, drop, opita, worse), as well as vivid metaphors (the street was overturned, melancholy poured out, laughter rang out), gives a special sensuality and originality to Mayakovsky's work. The poem is rich in various rhymes:

• Truncated imprecise(worse - a horse, onlooker - sang), according to Mayakovsky, it led to unexpected associations, the appearance of atypical images and ideas, which he really liked;
• Unequal(wool - rustling, stall - worth it);
• Composite(to howl him - in my own way, I alone - horse);
• Omonemic(went - adjective, gone - verb).

Mayakovsky compared himself with this driven, old horse, over whose problems everyone laughs and mocks everyone. Like this red-haired mare-toiler, he needed simple human participation and understanding, dreamed of the most ordinary attention to his personality, which would help him live, give strength, energy and inspiration to go forward along his difficult and sometimes very thorny creative path.

It is a pity, but the inner world of the poet, characterized by depth, fragility and contradiction, was not particularly interested in anyone, even his friends, which later led to tragic death poet. But in order to get at least a little friendly sympathy, to earn a simple human understanding and warmth, Mayakovsky did not even mind changing places with an ordinary horse.

"Good attitude to horses" Vladimir Mayakovsky

They beat the hooves
They sang as if:
- Mushroom.
Rob.
Coffin.
Rough -
By the wind of the opita,
shod with ice
the street slid.
Horse on croup
crashed
and immediately
behind the onlooker onlooker,
the pants that Kuznetsky came to flare,
huddled together
laughter rang out and clanged:
- The horse has fallen!
- The horse has fallen! -
Kuznetsky laughed.
I'm the only one
his voice did not interfere with his howl.
Came up
and see
horse eyes ...

The street capsized
flows in its own way ...

I came up and see -
For a drop of a drop
rolls in the face,
hiding in wool ...

And some kind of common
bestial melancholy
splash poured out of me
and spread out in a rustle.
“Horse, don’t.
Horse, listen -
why do you think that you are worse than these?
Baby,
we are all a bit of a horse,
each of us is a horse in his own way. "
May be,
- old -
and didn't need a nanny
maybe my thought seemed to go to her,
only
horse
rushed,
got to her feet,
rzhanula
and went.
She wagged her tail.
Red-haired child.
Merry came
stood in the stall.
And everything seemed to her -
she is a foal
and it was worth living
and the work was worth it.

Analysis of Mayakovsky's poem "Good attitude to horses"

Despite his wide popularity, Vladimir Mayakovsky all his life felt like a kind of outcast of society. The poet made his first attempts to comprehend this phenomenon in his youth, when he earned his living by reading poetry in public. He was considered a fashionable futurist writer, but few could imagine that behind the rude and defiant phrases that the author threw into the crowd, a very sensitive and vulnerable soul was hidden. However, Mayakovsky knew how to perfectly mask his emotions and very rarely succumbed to the provocations of the crowd, which sometimes aroused disgust in him. And only in poetry he could allow himself to be himself, splashing out on paper that which ached and boiled over his heart.

The poet embraced the revolution of 1917 with enthusiasm, believing that now his life would change for the better. Mayakovsky was convinced that he was witnessing the birth of a new world, more just, pure and open. However, very soon he realized that the political system had changed, but the essence of people remained the same. And no matter what social class they belonged to, as cruelty, stupidity, treachery and ruthlessness were inherent in most of his generation.

In a new country trying to live by the laws of equality and brotherhood, Mayakovsky felt quite happy. But at the same time, the people who surrounded him often became the subject of ridicule and stinging jokes of the poet. It was a kind of defensive reaction of Mayakovsky to the pain and resentment inflicted on him not only by friends and relatives, but also by passers-by or visitors to restaurants.

In 1918, the poet wrote a poem "Good attitude to horses", in which he compared himself with a driven nag, which became the subject of universal ridicule. According to eyewitnesses, Mayakovsky actually witnessed an unusual incident on the Kuznetsky Most, when an old red mare slipped on the icy pavement and "crashed on her croup." Dozens of onlookers immediately came running, pointing their fingers at the unfortunate animal and laughing, as his pain and helplessness gave them obvious pleasure. Only Mayakovsky, who was passing by, did not join the joyful and hooting crowd, but looked into the horse's eyes, from which "behind a drop of droplets in the face rolls, hides in wool." The author is struck not by the fact that the horse is crying at all, like a man, but by a kind of "animal melancholy" in its gaze. Therefore, the poet mentally turned to the animal, trying to cheer him up and comfort him. “Baby, we are all a bit of a horse, each of us is a horse in his own way,” the author began to persuade his unusual companion.

The red-haired mare seemed to feel the participation and support from the man, "she jerked, got to her feet, whinnied and went." Simple human participation gave her the strength to cope with a difficult situation, and after such unexpected support, "everything seemed to her - she was a foal, and it was worth living and working." The poet himself dreamed of such an attitude on the part of people to himself, believing that even the usual attention to his person, not covered with an aura of poetic glory, would give him strength to live and move forward. But, unfortunately, those around him saw in Mayakovsky, first of all, a famous writer, and no one was interested in his inner world, fragile and contradictory. This depressed the poet so much that for the sake of understanding, friendly participation and sympathy, he was ready to gladly swap places with the red horse. Because among the huge crowd of people there was at least one person who showed compassion for her, which Mayakovsky could only dream of.