Famous quotes from Nietzsche. The best quotes and aphorisms of Friedrich Nietzsche

Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche was born October 15, 1844 in Röcken (near Leipzig), Prussia. German philosopher, representative of irrationalism. He sharply criticized the religion, culture and morality of his time and developed his own ethical theory. Nietzsche's philosophy had a great influence on the formation of existentialism and postmodernism, and also became very popular in literary and artistic circles. The interpretation of his works is quite difficult and still causes a lot of controversy. The author of the works - “The Birth of Tragedy, or Hellenism and Pessimism”, “Human, Too Human. A book for free minds”, “Beyond good and evil. Prelude to the philosophy of the future”, “Twilight of idols, or how to philosophize with a hammer”, “Reflections in a dressing gown”, etc. He died on August 25, 1900 in a psychiatric hospital in Weimar, Germany.

Aphorisms, quotes, sayings, phrases Nietzsche Friedrich Wilhelm

Fact is always stupid.
Be who you are!
Pure spirit is pure lies.
Woman is the second mistake of God.
You go to a woman - take a whip.
The martyrs only harmed the truth.
Need new ears for new music.
Without music life would be a mistake.
Faith saves, therefore it lies.
A philologist is a teacher of slow reading.
No winner believes in chance.
What doesn't kill me only makes me stronger.
There is no beautiful surface without terrible depth.
Facts do not exist - there are only interpretations.
You have to worship proudly if you can't be an idol.
In every religion, the religious person is an exception.
A real man hides a child who wants to play.
The best writer will be the one who is ashamed to become a writer.
To laugh means to be malevolent, but with a clear conscience.
When skepticism and languor mate, mysticism arises.
Long and great sufferings bring up a tyrant in a person.
The dogma of the “immaculate conception”?
Death is close enough to not be afraid of life.
Very smart people begin to distrust if they see their embarrassment.
Moral people feel self-satisfied with remorse.
Majestic natures suffer from doubts about their own greatness.
There is a degree of inveterate deceit, which is called "clear conscience."
For a stupid forehead, a clenched fist is rightfully needed, in the form of an argument.
We grow cold towards what we have learned as soon as we share it with others.
Whoever feels the lack of free will is mentally ill; whoever denies it is stupid.
When the gratitude of many to one casts aside all shame, glory arises.
Buddhism does not promise, but keeps its word; Christianity promises everything, but does not keep its word.
A bad conscience is a tax that the invention of a good conscience has imposed on people.
Spiritualizes the heart; but the spirit sits and inspires courage in danger. Oh, this language!
Belief in cause and effect is rooted in the strongest of instincts: the instinct for revenge.
The danger of the wise is that he is most susceptible to the temptation to fall in love with the unreasonable.
The desire for greatness gives out with the head: whoever has greatness, he strives for kindness.
Mystical explanations are considered profound. The truth is that they are not even superficial.
Only man resists the direction of gravity: he constantly wants to fall - up.
On the other side of the North, on the other side of the ice, on the other side today is our life, our happiness.
Whoever wants to justify existence must also be able to be God's advocate before the devil.
Each church is a stone on the tomb of the God-Man: it certainly wants Him not to rise again.
The supreme thesis: "God forgives the penitent" - the same in translation: forgives the one who submits to the priest.
The word "Christianity" is based on a misunderstanding; in fact, there was one Christian, and he died on the cross.
There is already not enough love and goodness in the world to be lavished on imaginary beings.
Love, perhaps, your neighbor as yourself. But above all, be those who love themselves.
A person forgets his guilt when he confesses it to another, but this latter usually does not forget it.
Blood is the worst witness of truth; they poison the purest teaching with blood to the point of madness and hatred of hearts.
Whoever wants to become a leader of people must for a good period of time be known among them as their most dangerous enemy.
A man who has never thought about money, about honor, about acquiring influential connections - how can he know people?
Whose thought at least once crossed the bridge leading to mysticism does not return from there without thoughts not marked with stigmata.
I distinguish among philosophizers two kinds of people: some are always thinking about their defense, others about attacking their enemies.
And truth requires, like all women, that her lover become a liar for her sake, but it is not her vanity that requires it, but her cruelty.
Man is a rope stretched between the animal and the superman, a rope over an abyss. What is valuable in a person is that he is a bridge, not a goal.
Philosophy opens to man a refuge where no tyranny can penetrate, a valley inner peace, the labyrinth of the heart, and it irritates tyrants.
We praise what pleases us: that is, when we praise, we praise our own taste - isn't that a sin against all good taste?
Perfect knowledge of necessity would eliminate all "must" - but it would also comprehend the necessity of "should" as a consequence of ignorance.
In the heat of the struggle one can sacrifice one's life: but he who conquers is devoured by the temptation to throw his life away from himself. Contempt for life is inherent in every victory.
You lovers of knowledge! What have you done so far out of love for knowledge? Have you already committed theft or murder to find out what is in the soul of a thief and a murderer?
The love of life is almost the opposite of the love of longevity. All love thinks of the moment and eternity, but never of duration.
Fever sufferers see only the phantoms of things, and those with a normal temperature see only the shadows of things; while both need the same words.
God Himself cannot exist without wise men," said Luther, and rightfully so; but "God can exist even less without foolish men" - Luther did not say this!
Heroism - such is the mood of a person striving for a goal, in addition to which he no longer counts at all. Heroism is the good will to absolute self-destruction.
Without the dogmas of faith, no one could live even a moment! But these dogmas have by no means been proved by this. Life is not an argument at all; among the conditions of life could be delusion.
An evil god is needed no less than a good one - after all, you owe your own existence by no means to tolerance and philanthropy. What is the use of a god who does not know anger, envy, cunning, mockery, vindictiveness and violence?
Teaching and the apostle who does not see the weakness of his teaching, his religion, etc., blinded by the authority of the teacher and reverence for him, usually has more power than the teacher. Never has the influence of man and his works grown without blind disciples.
Marriage is invented for mediocre people who are mediocre both in great love and in great friendship - therefore, for the majority: but also for those quite rare people who are capable of both love and friendship.
Whoever is able to strongly feel the look of a thinker cannot get rid of the terrible impression that animals make, whose eye slowly, as if on a rod, bulges out of the head and looks around.
Whoever has an aversion to the sublime, not only "yes", but also "no" seems too pathetic - he does not belong to the negative minds, and if he happens to be in their way, he suddenly stops and runs away - into the thicket of skepticism.
There is nothing in my head but personal morality, and to make myself entitled to it is the essence of all my historical questions about morality. It is terribly difficult to create such a right for yourself.
Weird! As soon as I keep silent about some thought and stay away from it, this very thought will certainly appear to me embodied in the form of a person, and now I have to be nice to this "angel of God"!
To hurt the one we love is sheer hell. In relation to ourselves, such is the state heroic people: ultimate violence. The desire to fall into the opposite extreme applies here.
Virtue only gives happiness and a certain bliss to those who firmly believe in their virtue - not at all to the more refined souls, whose virtue consists in a deep distrust of themselves and of all virtue. In the end, here, too, "faith makes blessed"! - and not, carefully note this, virtue!
The founder of Christianity believed that people did not suffer more from anything than from their sins: this was his delusion, the delusion of one who felt himself without sin, who lacked experience here.
If God wanted to become an object of love, then he should first renounce the position of judge administering justice: a judge, and even a merciful judge, is not an object of love.

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Friedrich Nietzsche was not a professional philosopher - rather, a thinker, poet, philologist. There was practically no logic in his approach - there was only the passion of real creativity.

Nietzsche never called for pushing the weak, moreover, the theory of the superman meant not the triumph of one over the other, but the victory of creativity over the destructive animal. In fact, Nietzsche completely denied aggression. In his view, man could only overcome himself.

website shares the thinker's views on life and publishes 25 quotes that are still relevant today.

What doesn't kill me makes me stronger.
God is dead: now we want the superman to live.
Whoever fights monsters should be careful not to become a monster himself. And if you look into the abyss for a long time, then the abyss also looks into you.
If you decide to act, close the doors to doubt.
And if you have no more ladders, you must learn to climb on your own head: how else would you like to climb higher?
Death is close enough to not be afraid of life.
Talking a lot about yourself is also a way to hide yourself.
The greatest events are not our noisiest, but our quietest hours.
What is done for the sake of love happens outside the realm of good and evil.
There are two ways to save you from suffering: quick death and lasting love.
The freer and stronger the individual, the more demanding his love becomes.
Unhappiness does not end through mutual love unrequited love but through great love.
wants two things a real man: dangers and games. And because he is looking for a woman, as the most dangerous toy.
The happiness of a man is called: I want. A woman's happiness is called: he wants.
“Love your neighbor” means first of all: “Leave your neighbor alone!” “And it is precisely this detail of virtue that is the most difficult.
Even God has his own hell - this is his love for people.
Whoever wants to justify existence must also be able to be God's advocate before the devil.
There is a degree of inveterate deceit, which is called "clear conscience."
What well? Everything that increases the feeling of power, the will to power, power in a person. What's wrong? Everything that comes from weakness.
What falls needs to be pushed further.
The same thing happens to a person as to a tree. The more it aspires upwards, towards the light, the deeper its roots dig into the earth, downwards, into darkness and depth - to evil.
Man is a rope stretched between the animal and the superman, a rope over an abyss. What is valuable in a person is that he is a bridge, not a goal.
Being ashamed of your immorality is the first rung of the ladder, at the top of which you will be ashamed of your morality.

The actor has a spirit, but little conscience of the spirit. He always believes in that by which he makes others believe - he believes in himself!

Cognition is one of the forms of asceticism.

If there were gods, how could I bear that I am not a god?

All gods are symbols and intricacies of poets!

God is an assumption.

Marriage is the most insane form of sexuality.

To grow not only in breadth, but also to grow upwards - may the garden of matrimony help you in this, my brothers!

A good marriage rests on a talent for friendship.

I always noticed that the spouses who make up a bad couple are the most vengeful: they are ready to take revenge on the whole world for the fact that they can no longer part.

You enter into marriage: see that it does not become a conclusion for you! You are in too much of a hurry when concluding a marriage, and here is the consequence - the dissolution of the marriage bond!

Marriage may seem fit to such people who are incapable of either love or friendship and willingly try to deceive themselves and others about this shortcoming - who, having no experience of either love or friendship, cannot be disappointed and marriage itself.

Marriage: this is what I call the will of two to create one, greater than those who created it. Marriage is mutual respect and respect for this will.

You weren't looking for yourself when you found me. So it is with all believers; and therefore all faith means so little.

Look at the believers! Who do they hate the most? Breaking the tables of their values, destroying and transgressing, but he is a creator.

eternity

Every moment, being begins; around each "here" a ring-shaped "there" rotates. The middle is everywhere. The path of eternity is a curve.

Love for power is the demon of people. Give them everything - health, food, housing, education - and they will be miserable, capricious, because the demon is waiting, waiting and wanting satisfaction. Take everything away from them and satisfy their demon - they will become happy.

He who is attacked by his time is not yet sufficiently ahead of him - or behind him.

Since time is infinite, infinity has already elapsed up to the present moment, that is, every possible development should have already been realized. Therefore, the observed development must be a repetition.

Loving and creative - that's who has always been the creator of good and evil. The fire of love and anger burns on the name days of all virtues.

When you have risen above praise and blame, and your will desires to command all things as the will of a lover: then your virtue is born. When you despise a soft bed and everything pleasant, yet you easily fall asleep even near the luxurious beds of sissies: then your virtue is born.

As soon as we transgress the average measure of human kindness just one step, our actions arouse distrust. Virtue rests just "in the middle".

“Love your neighbor” means first of all: “Leave your neighbor alone!” And just this detail of virtue is connected with the greatest difficulties.

If you are a slave, you cannot be a friend. If a tyrant, you cannot have friends.

Do not try to embellish yourself for a friend: for the arrow and striving towards the Superman must be for him.

Have you become clean air, bread and medicine for your friend? Another is unable to free himself from his own chains, but saves his friend.

But if you have a suffering friend, become a resting place for his suffering, but at the same time a hard bed, a camp bed: this is how you can best help him.

Even the most broad soul my brethren, what miserable lands this is!

Woman is the second mistake of God.

A woman knows little about honor. May it become her honor to love always stronger than they love her, and never be second in love.

A woman understands children better men, but in a man there is more child than in a woman.

Who does a woman hate the most? Iron said to the magnet: "Most of all I hate you because you attract, not having enough strength to drag you along."

A man should beware of a woman when she loves: for then she is ready for any sacrifice, and everything else has no value in her eyes.

A man should beware of a woman when she hates: for he is only angry in the depths of his soul, she is filthy.

Let woman be a toy, pure and graceful, as if gem, shining with the virtues of a world not yet created.

For too long a slave and a tyrant lurked in a woman. Therefore, she is incapable of friendship: she knows only love.

In the conscious love of a woman there is both suddenness, and lightning, and darkness next to the light.

Good and evil, wealth and poverty, high and low, and all the names of values - all this will become a weapon and will militantly assert that life must overcome itself again and again!

Some do not succeed in life: a poisonous worm gnaws at their heart. May they use all their strength to make death a better success for them!

Life is a source of joy; but wherever the crowd drinks, the springs are poisoned.

But if life needs height so much, then it also needs steps, as well as the contradiction of steps and those ascending them! Life wants to ascend and, ascending, overcome itself.

The one who answered himself the question: “Why live?” - will be able to endure almost any answer to the question: "How to live?"

And you, my friends, say that there is no dispute about tastes? But all life is a dispute about tastes!

And if a friend harms you, say this: “I forgive you what you did to me; but how can you forgive the evil that you have done to yourself by this act?

I don't understand why gossip. If you want to annoy someone, it is enough to tell some truth about him.

Truly, like the sun, I love life and all deep seas. And this is what I call knowledge: so that everything deep rises to my height!

Oh, how many great ideas, whose action is like bellows: from them a person is puffed up and becomes even more empty.

inventors

The world revolves not around those who invent new noise, but around the inventors of new values; it spins silently.

Art makes life endurable, enveloping it in a haze of impure thinking.

Ten times a day you must find the truth, otherwise you will seek it at night, and your soul will remain hungry.

The knower is reluctant to plunge into the water of truth, not when it is dirty, but when it is shallow.

Any truth that is kept silent becomes poisonous.

It is not so easy to find a book that has taught us as much as a book written by ourselves.

culture

Culture is just a thin apple peel over red-hot chaos.

We know very little and learn poorly: therefore we must lie.

Even the cup of higher love contains bitterness.

Love your neighbors as well as yourself - but first become those who love themselves - love with great love, love with great contempt!

To love and perish: this combination is eternal. The will to love means readiness for death.

We must learn to love ourselves - with a healthy and holy love, in order to remain true to ourselves and not lose ourselves. And truly, this is not a commandment for today and tomorrow - to learn to love yourself. On the contrary, of all the arts, it is the most subtle, the wisest, the highest, and requiring the greatest patience.

Lots of brief madness - that's what you call love. And your marriage puts an end to many short folly - one big and long folly.

Therefore, I want you to sincerely say to each other: “We love each other; Let's see if we love in the future! Or is our promise wrong? Give us time and a brief union to see if we are fit for true union! The great thing is to always be together!”

Where it is impossible to love more, there you need to pass by!

Poverty in love is willingly masked by the absence of someone worthy of love.

My brothers, I call you to love those who are far away, and not your neighbors.

Those who have hitherto loved a man the most have always hurt him the most; like all lovers, they demanded the impossible from him.

Any great love it doesn't want love, it wants more.

Great love is higher than suffering, for what it loves, it still longs to create!

There are givers and there are givers.

People who aspire to greatness are usually evil people: this is their only way to endure themselves.

People who are distrustful of themselves want to be loved more than to love, so that one day, even for a moment, they can believe in themselves.

Superficial people must always lie, as they are devoid of content.

Eleven-twelfth of all the great men of history were only representatives of some great cause.

With thousands of bridges and paths, let people strive for the future, and enmity and inequality should grow between them more and more: this is how my great love inspires me. Let them invent ghostly images and symbols in their enmity, and then the greatest battle will take place between them.

I walk among them and keep my eyes open: people are getting smaller and smaller. And the reason for this is their teaching about happiness and virtue. They are moderate in virtue and want comfort. And only moderate virtue is compatible with comfort.

In the world, the best things still mean nothing until there is someone who will present them from the stage: great people are called by the crowd of these presenters.

Most people are too stupid to be selfish.

revenge

May man be delivered from vengeance: here is the bridge leading to the highest hope, and the rainbow sky after a long storm.

You are young and dream of a child and marriage. But answer me: are you already such as to have the right to desire a child? ... Have you overcome yourself, are you the master of your feelings, master of your virtues? ... Or does the animal and the need of your nature speak in your desire? Or loneliness? Or self dissatisfaction?

When the good ones moralize, they arouse disgust; when the evil ones moralize, they cause fear.

Morality is the importance of man in front of nature.

The danger of the wise is that he is most susceptible to the temptation to fall in love with the unreasonable.

All of you served the people and popular superstition ye illustrious sages! - not the truth!

A real man always has a child who wants to play. Find the child in him, women!

God gave us music so that we would be drawn upward by it first of all.

peoples

Even when people back away, they chase the ideal - and always believe in some kind of "forward".

No nation could survive without making an assessment - what is good and what is evil; in order to be preserved, he must evaluate otherwise than his neighbor. Much that is called good by one nation is reputed to be shame and reproach by another ... Much of what is called evil here was clothed in the purple of honors.

This fear, ancient and primordial, which has finally become refined and spiritualized, is now, it seems to me, called science.

Not what prevents us from being loved, but what prevents us from loving completely, we hate the most.

And most of all they hate the one who is able to fly.

Misfortune eluded you; enjoy this as your happiness!

There is no more cruel misfortune in human destiny than when the rulers of the earth are not the first among their subjects. And then everything becomes false, perverse, terrifying.

About Me

I walk among the people and keep my eyes open: people do not forgive me that I do not envy their virtues.

society

Human society is an attempt, it is a long search; it is looking for the one who commands!

loneliness

For one, loneliness is the flight of the sick, and for the other, the flight from the sick.

present

Be indifferent when accepting anything! Show honor by what you receive, - so I advise those who have nothing to give.

Submission has the toughest skin.

You will rarely make a mistake if you explain exceptional actions with vanity, mediocre ones with habit and small ones with fear.

Each deed continues to build us, it weaves our colorful garment. Every act is free, but clothing is necessary. Our experience is our garment.

With the help of the truth, you can be deceived and carried away anywhere.

I don't understand why gossip. If you want to annoy someone, you just need to tell some truth about him.

There is a right by which we can take away a man's life, but there is no right by which we can take away his death.

The best way to start the day well is to wake up and think about whether it is possible to bring joy to at least one person today.

Since the existence of people, man has rejoiced too little: only in this, my brothers, is our original sin! And if we learn to rejoice more, then we will best unlearn how to offend others and invent all kinds of sorrows.

You should talk about a woman only with men.

Whenever prudence says, "Don't do this, it will be misunderstood," I always go against it.

Jealousy is the most ingenious passion, and yet still the greatest stupidity.

As soon as a religion gains dominance, all those who were its first followers become its opponents.

The believer finds his natural enemy not in a free-thinking, but in a religious person.

glory

Anyone who yearns for glory must part with honor in advance and master the difficult art of leaving on time.

Even in death your spirit and virtue must blaze, like the evening dawn over the earth: otherwise your death did not go well for you.

Many die too late, and others too soon. For the time being, the teaching will seem strange: “Die on time!”

Death is close enough to not be afraid of life.

The desire for the herd is older than the attraction of one's own "I": and as long as a good conscience means the will of the herd, only a bad conscience will say "I".

This is the advice I give to kings and churches and to all that is decrepit from the weight of years and weakened in virtue: let yourself be overthrown! And you will return to life again, and virtue will return to you!

Voluptuousness: it is innocent and free for free hearts, a garden of happiness on earth, a festive abundance and a gift of the future from its abundance.

Voluptuousness: this is a sweet poison only for those withered away, but for those who have the will of a lion, this is a great heart refreshment, wine of all wines, reverently preserved.

Voluptuousness: this is the greatest bliss, the symbol of the highest happiness and the highest hope.

My brother, if happiness accompanies you, then you have only one virtue, and no more: then it is easier for you to go over the bridge.

There is much more happiness in the world than his eyes clouded with sadness see, if only one counts correctly and does not forget those pleasant moments that are rich every day. human life no matter how hard it is.

The happiness of a man is called "I want." The happiness of a woman is "He wants."

Every little happiness should be used like a sick bed: for recovery - and nothing else.

And at dawn Zarathustra laughed in his heart and said mockingly: “Happiness runs after me. It's because I don't run after women. And happiness is a woman.

Human " modern ideas”, this proud monkey, is terribly dissatisfied with himself - this is undeniable. He suffers, and his vanity wants him only to "com-suffer."

doctrine

Whoever wants to learn to fly must first learn to stand, and walk, and run, and climb, and dance: you cannot learn to fly right away!

The best must rule, and the best wants to rule! And where the teaching says otherwise, there are not enough of the best.

Only for creation you must learn!

Wanting something and achieving it is considered a sign of a strong character. But even without wanting something, nevertheless, achieving it is characteristic of the strongest, who feel themselves an embodied fate.

I love the brave: but it's not enough to be a slasher, you also need to know who to slash! And often there is more courage in holding back and passing by: and thereby saving yourself for a more worthy enemy!

To whom Chastity is a burden, he should not be advised of it: so that it does not become a path to the underworld, turning into dirt and lustfulness of the soul.

church

Every church is a stone on the tomb of the God-man: it does not want Him to rise again.

Oh, look at these tents that the priests have erected! Churches they call their lairs, full of sugary aromas!

Cynicism is the only form in which vulgar souls come into contact with what is called sincerity; and the higher man should prick up his ears at every larger and more subtle display of cynicism, and congratulate himself every time a shameless buffoon or scientific satyr speaks right before him.

A person who has never thought about money, about honor, about acquiring influential connections, about a position - how can he know people?

Man's demand to be loved is the greatest of all conceits.

Only where the state ends does a person begin - not superfluous, but necessary: there sounds the song of the one who is needed - the one and only.

For some, the heart ages earlier, for others, the mind. Some are old in their youth, but those who are young late remain so for a long time.

on other topics

"Religious man", "fool", "genius", "criminal", "tyrant" - all these are bad names and particulars, replacing someone unnamed.

Be who you are!

There is not enough love and goodness in the world to be squandered by an imaginary being.

From time immemorial, honest, free minds have lived in the desert and the lords of the desert; and in the cities live famous sages - fattened beasts of burden. Always, like donkeys, they pull the cart of the people. From time immemorial, honest, free minds have lived in the desert and the lords of the desert; and in the cities live famous sages - fattened beasts of burden. Always, like donkeys, they pull the cart of the people.

There is nothing good in herds, even if they run after you.

They say "pleasure" - and think about delights; say "feeling" - and think about sensuality; they say “body,” but they think of what is below, bodies, and in this way the trinity of good things was dishonored.

The highest symbols should speak about time and becoming: they should praise everything transient and be an excuse for it!

Oh, this false light, this stale air! Here the soul is not allowed to soar to its height! But their Faith commands them thus: "On your knees, and up the steps, sinners!"

He believes in a new way tomorrow, and the day after tomorrow - again in a different way. His feelings are swift, like the crowd, and his moods are just as changeable.

Truly, it always draws us up - to the kingdom of the clouds: we seat our colorful effigies on them and call them gods and the Superman.

After the Buddha died, for centuries they showed his shadow in one cave - a monstrous terrible shadow. God is dead: but such is the nature of people that for thousands of years, perhaps, there will be caves in which his shadow is shown. - And we - we must also defeat his shadow!

This is how I want to see a man and a woman: him - capable of war, her - for childbearing, but so that both of them can dance - not only with their feet, but also with their heads.

You must burn yourself in your own flame: how else would you like to be renewed without first turning into ashes!

Do you want to be judged by your ideas and not by your actions? But where do you get your ideas from? From your actions!

What well? Everything that increases the feeling of power, the will to power, power in a person. What's wrong? Everything that comes from weakness.

Sources(books, films, we, pro-from-ve-de-ni-i, etc.) with Friedrich Nietzsche's qi-ta-ta-mi

about the author

Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche , Prussia - August 25, 1900, Weimar, Germany) - German philosopher, poet, composer, culturologist, representative of irrationalism. He sharply criticized the religion, culture and morality of his time and developed his own ethical theory. Nietzsche was a literary rather than an academic philosopher, and his writings are aphoristic in nature. Nietzsche's philosophy had a great influence on the formation of existentialism and postmodernism, and also became very popular in literary and artistic circles. The interpretation of his works is quite difficult and still causes a lot of controversy.

Born in Röcken (near Leipzig, eastern Germany), the son of a Lutheran pastor, Carl Ludwig Nietzsche (1813-1849). While studying at the gymnasium, he showed considerable talent for philology and music. In 1864-69 Nietzsche studied theology and classical philology at the Universities of Bonn and Leipzig. In the same period, he became acquainted with the works of Schopenhauer and became an admirer of his philosophy. Nietzsche's development was also favorably influenced by his friendship with Richard Wagner, which lasted for many years. At the age of 23, he was drafted into the Prussian army and enrolled in horse artillery, but, having received an injury, was demobilized. Three years later, he will enthusiastically accept the beginning of the Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871) and volunteer to go to the front.

Nietzsche was a brilliant student and gained an excellent reputation in scientific circles. Thanks to this, already in 1869 he received the post of professor of classical philology at the University of Basel (at the age of only 25 years). There he worked for about 10 years, despite numerous illnesses. The issue of Nietzsche's citizenship still causes sharp controversy. According to one source, he remained stateless after renouncing his Prussian citizenship in 1869; however, other sources state that Nietzsche became a Swiss citizen.