Where is the territory of the West Siberian Plain. Height parameters of the West Siberian Plain

The West Siberian Plain is one of the largest flat areas in the world, covering approximately 80% of Western Siberia.

Features of nature

The total area of ​​the West Siberian Plain is surpassed only by the Amazonian. Plain stretches from the coast Kara Sea south to north of Kazakhstan. The total area of ​​the West Siberian Plain becomes about 3 million. km 2. It is dominated by broad gently-stepped and flat interfluves, which are separated by terraced valleys.

The amplitudes of the heights of the plain on average fluctuate between 20 and 200 m above sea level, but even the highest points reach 250 m. The moraine hills in the north of the plain are combined with young alluvial and sea (river) plains, in the south - with lacustrine ones.

The lands of the West Siberian Plain are dominated by a continental climate, the level of precipitation is different here: in the tundra and steppe regions - about 200 mm per year, in the taiga area it increases to 700 mm. General average temperatures are - 16 ° C in winter, + 15 ° C in summer.

Large deep rivers flow on the territory of the plain, in particular, the Yenisei, Taz, Irtysh and Ob. There are also very large lakes (Ubinskoye, Chany), and many smaller ones, some of them are salty. Some regions of the West Siberian Plain are characterized by wetlands. The center of the northern part is continuous permafrost. In the extreme south of the plain, salt marshes and solonetzes are widespread. The western - northern territory in all respects corresponds to the temperate zone - forest-steppe, steppe, taiga, deciduous forests.

Flora of the West Siberian Plain

The flat relief contributes significantly to the zoning in the distribution of the vegetation cover. The zoning of this territory has significant differences in comparison with similar zones in Eastern Europe. Due to the difficulties in the flow, in the north of the plains in the wetlands grow mainly lichens, mosses and shrubs. Southern landscapes are formed under the influence of groundwater with an increased salinity level.

About 30% of the area of ​​the plain is occupied by massifs conifers, many of which are waterlogged. Smaller areas are covered with dark coniferous taiga - spruce, fir and cedar. Broad-leaved wood species are rarely found in the southern regions. In the southern part, there are very widespread birch forests, many of which are secondary.

Fauna of the West Siberian Plain

More than 450 species of vertebrates live in the vastness of the West Siberian Plain, of which 80 species belong to mammals. Many species are protected by law, as they belong to the category of rare and endangered species. IN recent times, the fauna of the plain was significantly enriched by acclimatized species - muskrat, European hare, Teleut squirrel, American mink.

The reservoirs are predominantly inhabited by carp and bream. In the eastern part of the West Siberian Plain, there are some eastern species: chipmunk, Dzungarian hamster, etc. In most cases, the fauna of this territory is not much different from the fauna of the Russian Plain.

West Siberian Plain, West Siberian Plain

West Siberian Plain on the map of Western Siberia (mountainous areas are separated by a dotted line)
62 ° N NS. 76 ° East d. / 62 ° N NS. 76 ° East d. / 62; 76 (G) (O) (Z) Coordinates: 62 ° N NS. 76 ° East d. / 62 ° N NS. 76 ° East d. / 62; 76 (G) (O) (I)
Countries	Russia, Russia Kazakhstan Kazakhstan
Extension from north to south	2500 km
Extension from west to east	1900 km
Square	2.6 million km²
Rivers	Ob, Irtysh, Yenisei

Western Siberian Plain- a plain in the north of Asia, occupies the entire western part of Siberia from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Central Siberian Plateau in the east. In the north it is limited by the coast of the Kara Sea, in the south it extends to the Kazakh Upland, in the southeast the West Siberian Plain, gradually increasing, is replaced by the foothills of Altai, Salair, Kuznetsk Alatau and Gornaya Shoria. The plain has the shape of a trapezoid tapering to the north: the distance from its southern border to the northern reaches almost 2500 km, its width is from 800 to 1900 km, and the area is only slightly less than 3 million km².

The West Siberian Plain is the most inhabited and developed (especially in the south) part of Siberia. within its limits are located the Tyumen, Kurgan, Omsk, Novosibirsk and Tomsk regions, the eastern regions of the Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk regions, a significant part of the Altai Territory, the western regions of the Krasnoyarsk Territory (about 1/7 of the area of ​​Russia), as well as the northern and northeastern regions of Kazakhstan.

• 1 Relief and geological structure
• 2 Climate
• 3 Hydrography
• 4 Natural areas
• 5 Gallery
• 6 See also
• 7 Notes
• 8 References

Relief and geological structure

Southern border of Western Siberia: a view of the plain from the spurs of the Altai Mountains (Mount Tserkovka in Belokurikha) Border of the West Siberian Plain and the Kazakh Upland Kulundinskaya Steppe

The surface of the West Siberian Lowland is flat with a rather insignificant height difference. Nevertheless, the relief of the plain is quite varied. The lowest parts of the plain (50-100 m) are located mainly in the central (Kondinskaya and Sredneobskaya lowlands) and northern (Nizhneobskaya, Nadymskaya and Purskaya lowlands) parts of it. Low (up to 200-250 m) elevations stretch along the western, southern and eastern outskirts: North Sosvinskaya and Turin, Ishim plain, Priobskoye and Chulym-Yeniseiskaya plateau, Ketsko-Tymskaya, Verkhnetazovskaya and Lower Yeniseiskaya uplands. In the inner part of the plain, Siberian Uvaly (average height - 140-150 m), extending from the west from the Ob to the east to the Yenisei, and the Vasyugan plain parallel to them, form a clearly pronounced strip of uplands.

The relief of the plain is largely due to its geological structure. the base of the West Siberian Plain is the epigercynian West Siberian Plate, the foundation of which is composed of intensively dislocated Paleozoic deposits. The formation of the West Siberian Plate began in the Upper Jurassic, when, as a result of breaking off, destruction and degeneration, the vast territory between the Urals and the Siberian platform sank, and a huge sedimentary basin arose. In the course of its development, the West Siberian Plate was more than once captured by sea transgressions. At the end of the Lower Oligocene, the sea left the West Siberian plate, and it turned into a huge lacustrine-alluvial plain. In the Middle and Late Oligocene and Neogene, the northern part of the plate experienced uplift, which was replaced by subsidence in the Quaternary. General course the development of the plate with the sinking of colossal spaces resembles the process of oceanization that has not reached the end. This feature of the slab is emphasized by the phenomenal development of swampiness.

The basement of the West Siberian Plate is covered with a cover of loose marine and continental Mesozoic-Cenozoic rocks (clays, sandstones, marls, etc.) with a total thickness of over 1000 m (in the basement depressions up to 3000-4000 m). The youngest, anthropogenic, deposits in the south are alluvial and lacustrine, often covered by loesses and loesslike loams; in the north - glacial, marine and glacial-marine (thickness in some places up to 200 m). In the northern part of the West Siberian plate (the most submerged one), there are the Nadym-Taz and Yamalo-Gydan syneclises, separated by a narrow sublatitudinal Messoyakhsky mega-shaft. In the central part of the West Siberian plate, there are several longitudinal anteclises, syneclises and narrow deep trenches: Khanty-Mansiysk syneclise, Khanty-Mansiysk anteclise (with the Surgut and Nizhnevartovsk vaults), Purskiy trough (over the southern part of the Koltogorsk-Urengoi Vakh rift) anteclise and the Khudoseysky trench with the Chulym syneclise. To the south of the Ket-Vakh and Khanty anteclises, there are the sublatitudinally elongated Middle Irtysh and Kulunda syneclises.

Separate geological structures, despite a thick layer of sediments, are reflected in the relief of the plain: for example, the Uplands of the Verkhnetazovskaya and Lyulimvor correspond to gentle anticlinal uplifts, and the Barabinskaya and Kondinskaya lowlands are confined to the syneclises of the basement of the plate. However, discordant (inversion) morphostructures are not uncommon in Western Siberia. These include, for example, the Vasyugan plain, formed on the site of a gentle syneclise, and the Chulym-Yenisei plateau, located in the basement trough zone.

In the cuff of loose sediments, horizons are enclosed groundwater- fresh and mineralized (including brine), there are also hot (up to 100-150 ° C) waters. There are industrial deposits of oil and natural gas (West Siberian oil and gas basin). the region of the Khanty-Mansiysk syneclise, Krasnoselsky, Salymsky and Surgutsky districts, in the layers of the Bazhenov formation at a depth of 2 km there are the largest reserves of shale oil in Russia.

Climate

North of the West Siberian Plain - the Yamal Peninsulas, Tazovsky and Gydansky West Siberian Plain. Flood of the Taz and Ob rivers. July 2002

The West Siberian Plain is characterized by a severe, fairly continental climate. Its great length from north to south determines the clearly expressed zoning of the climate and significant differences in climatic conditions of the northern and southern parts of Western Siberia. The continental climate of Western Siberia is also significantly influenced by the proximity of the Arctic Ocean. The flat relief contributes to the exchange of air masses between its northern and southern regions.

IN cold period within the plain, the interaction of the region with respect to the increased atmospheric pressure located over the southern part of the plain, and an area of ​​low pressure, which in the first half of winter stretches in the form of a hollow of the Icelandic baric minimum over the Kara Sea and the northern peninsulas. In winter, temperate continental air masses prevail, which come from Eastern Siberia or are formed locally as a result of air cooling over the plain.

Cyclones often pass in the border zone of areas of high and low pressure. Therefore, in winter, the weather in the coastal provinces is very unstable; on the coast of Yamal and the Gydan Peninsula happen strong winds, the speed of which reaches 35-40 m / s. The temperature here is even slightly higher than in the neighboring forest-tundra provinces, located between 66 and 69 ° C. NS. However, to the south, winter temperatures are gradually increasing again. in general, winter is characterized by stable low temperatures, there are few thaws. The minimum temperatures throughout Western Siberia are almost the same. Even near the southern border of the country, in Barnaul, there are frosts down to -50 -52 °. The spring is short, dry and relatively cold; April, even in the forest-bog zone, is not yet quite a spring month.

IN warm time year over Western Siberia, a reduced pressure is established, and over the Arctic Ocean, an area of ​​more high pressure... In connection with this, weak northerly or northeasterly winds prevail in summer and the role of westerly air transport is noticeably enhanced. In May there is a rapid rise in temperatures, but often, with the invasions of the arctic air masses, there are returns of cold weather and frost. The warmest month is July average temperature which - from 3.6 ° on the White Island to 21-22 ° in the Pavlodar region. The absolute maximum temperature is from 21 ° in the north (Bely Island) to 44 ° in the extreme southern regions (Rubtsovsk). High summer temperatures in the southern half of Western Siberia are explained by the flow of heated continental air here from the south - from Kazakhstan and Central Asia. Autumn comes late.

Most of the precipitation falls in the summer and is brought in by air masses coming from the west, from the Atlantic. the period from May to October Western Siberia receives up to 70-80% of the annual precipitation. There are especially many of them in July and August, which is explained by the intense activity on the Arctic and polar fronts. The amount of winter precipitation is relatively small and ranges from 5 to 20-30 mm / month. In the south, snow sometimes does not fall at all during some winter months. Significant fluctuations in the amount of precipitation in different years are characteristic. So, in the forest-steppe zone, where, with an average long-term amount of precipitation of about 300-350 mm / year, in wet years it falls to 550-600 mm / year, and in dry years - only 170-180 mm / year. The extreme southern regions of Western Siberia are characterized by droughts, which occur mainly in May and June.

The duration of the snow cover in the northern regions reaches 240-270 days, and in the south - 160-170 days. The thickness of the snow cover in the tundra and steppe zones in February is 20-40 cm, in the forest-swamp zone - from 50-60 cm in the west to 70-100 cm in the eastern Yenisei regions.

The harsh climate of the northern regions of Western Siberia contributes to the freezing of soils and widespread permafrost. Permafrost is found everywhere on the Yamal, Tazovsky and Gydansky peninsulas. In these areas of its continuous (continuous) distribution, the thickness of the permafrost layer is very significant (up to 300-600 m), and its temperatures are low (in watersheds - 4, -9 °, in the valleys, -2, -8 °). To the south, within the northern taiga up to latitude of about 64 °, permafrost occurs already in the form of isolated islands interspersed with taliks. Its thickness decreases, temperatures rise to 0.5-1 °, and the depth of summer thawing also increases, especially in areas composed of mineral rocks.

Hydrography

The Ob River near Barnaul The Vasyugan River in the upper reaches

The territory of the plain is located within the large West Siberian artesian basin, in which hydrogeologists distinguish several basins of the second order: Tobolsk, Irtysh, Kulundinsko-Barnaul, Chulymsky, Obsky, etc. sandstones) and water-resistant rocks, artesian basins are characterized by a significant number of aquifers associated with formations of various ages - Jurassic, Cretaceous, Paleogene and Quaternary. The groundwater quality of these horizons is very different. In most cases, artesian waters of deep horizons are more mineralized than those occurring closer to the surface.

More than 2000 rivers flow on the territory of the West Siberian Plain, total length which exceeds 250 thousand km. These rivers carry about 1200 km³ of water into the Kara Sea every year - 5 times more than the Volga. The density of the river network is not very large and varies in different places depending on the relief and climatic features: in the Tavda basin it reaches 350 km, and in the Baraba forest-steppe - only 29 km per 1000 km ². Some of the southern regions of the country with a total area of ​​more than 445 thousand km ² belong to the territories of closed flow and are distinguished by an abundance of closed lakes.

The main sources of food for most rivers are melted snow waters and summer-autumn rains. In accordance with the nature of power sources, the runoff is uneven by seasons: approximately 70-80% of its annual amount occurs in spring and summer. Especially a lot of water flows down during the spring flood, when the level of large rivers rises by 7-12 m (in the lower reaches of the Yenisei even up to 15-18 m). for a long time (in the south - five, and in the north - eight months) West Siberian rivers are frozen in ice. Therefore, the winter months account for no more than 10% of the annual runoff.

The rivers of Western Siberia, including the largest - Ob, Irtysh and Yenisei, are characterized by slight slopes and low speed currents. So, for example, the drop of the Ob channel in the section from Novosibirsk to the mouth over 3000 km is equal to only 90 m, and the speed of its current does not exceed 0.5 m / sec.

The West Siberian Plain contains about one million lakes, the total area of ​​which is more than 100 thousand km². According to the origin of the basins, they are divided into several groups: occupying the primary irregularities of the plain relief; thermokarst; moraine-glacial; lakes of river valleys, which, in turn, are divided into floodplain and river valleys. Peculiar lakes - "fogs" - are found in the Urals part of the plain. They are located in wide valleys, overflow in the spring, sharply reducing their size in summer, and by autumn many have disappeared altogether. the southern regions of the lake are often filled with salt water. The West Siberian Lowland holds the world record for the number of bogs per unit area (the area of ​​the wetland is about 800 thousand square kilometers). The reasons for this phenomenon are the following factors: excessive moisture, flat terrain, permafrost and the ability of peat, which is present in large quantities, to retain a significant mass of water.

Natural areas

Yamal tundra

The great length from north to south contributes to a pronounced latitudinal zoning in the distribution of soil and vegetation cover. within the country are gradually replacing one another tundra, forest-tundra, forest-swamp, forest-steppe and steppe zones. There is enough in all areas large areas are occupied by lakes and swamps. Typical zonal landscapes are located on dissected and better drained upland and riverine areas. In poorly drained interfluvial areas, the flow from which is difficult, and the soils are usually highly moistened, marsh landscapes prevail in the northern provinces, and landscapes formed under the influence of saline groundwater in the south.

A large area is occupied by the tundra zone, which is explained by the northern position of the West Siberian Plain. To the south is the forest-tundra zone. The forest bog zone occupies about 60% of the territory of the West Siberian Plain. Broad-leaved and coniferous-deciduous forests are absent here. A strip of coniferous forests is followed by a narrow zone of small-leaved (mainly birch) forests. The increase in the continentality of the climate causes a relatively abrupt, compared to the East European Plain, the transition from forest bog landscapes to dry steppe spaces in the southern regions of the West Siberian Plain. Therefore, the width of the forest-steppe zone in Western Siberia is much less than on the East European Plain, and of the tree species, it contains mainly birch and aspen. the extreme southern part of the West Siberian Lowland is the steppe zone, which is mostly plowed up. the flat landscape of the southern regions of Western Siberia is characterized by a variety of manes - sandy ridges 3-10 meters in height (sometimes up to 30 meters), covered with a pine forest.

Gallery

Windmills on the Siberian Plain
(S.M. Prokudin-Gorsky, 1912)

Village in the Tomsk region

Landscape of the West Siberian Plain

Floodplain of Tom

Mariinsky forest-steppe

see also

• West Siberian subtaiga

Notes (edit)

1. 1 2 3 Western Siberia: a brief physical and geographical overview
2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
3. Russia. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved June 24, 2013. Archived from the original on August 22, 2011.
4. 1 2 3 4 Western Siberia
5. 1 2
6. Milanovsky E.E. Geology of Russia and the Near Abroad (Northern Eurasia) - M .: Publishing house of Moscow State University, 1996. - 448 p. ISBN 6-211-03387-6
7. About the Bazhenov suite "Expert" No. 12 (746)
8. 1 2 West Siberian Plain: general characteristics
9. 1 2 Western Siberia

Links

• West Siberian Plain - article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia
• West Siberian Plain in the book: N. A. Gvozdetsky, N. I. Mikhailov. Physiography USSR. M., 1978.
• Kröner, A. (2015) The Central Asian Orogenic Belt.

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West Siberian Plain Information About

The West Siberian Lowland covers an area of ​​about 3 million square kilometers. It covers 1/7 of the entire territory of Russia. The width of the plain varies. In the northern part, it is about 800 km, and in the southern part it reaches 1900 km.

Areas

The West Siberian Lowland is considered the most densely populated part of Siberia. There are several large regions on its territory, such as Omsk, Tyumen and Kurgan, as well as Novosibirsk and Tomsk. The greatest development of the lowland is noted in its southern part.

Climatic conditions

The climate in the lowlands is dominated by continental, rather harsh. Due to the large length of the West Siberian Plain from north to south, there are significant differences in the climate of the southern part from the northern one. An important role in the formation of weather conditions is played by the proximity of the Arctic Ocean, as well as the fact that on the plain there are no obstacles to the movement of air masses from north to south and their mixing.

In the cold season, an area of ​​increased pressure appears over the southern part of the lowland, while in the north it decreases. Cyclones are formed at the boundary of air masses. Because of this, in the regions located on the coast, the weather is very unstable in winter. can reach 40 meters per second. Winter throughout the territory of such a plain as the West Siberian Lowland is characterized by stable subzero temperatures, the minimum can reach -52 o C. Spring comes late and is cold and dry, warming occurs only in May.

In the warm season, the situation is reversed. Pressure rises over the Arctic Ocean, which is why northern winds blow throughout the summer. But they are pretty weak. The hottest time within the boundaries of the plain, called the West Siberian Lowland, is July. During this period, in its northern part, the maximum temperature reaches 21 ° C, and in the southern part - 40 ° C. Such high marks in the south are quite explainable by the fact that there is a border with Kazakhstan and Central Asia. It is from here that the heated air masses come.

The West Siberian Lowland, whose height varies from 140 to 250 m, is characterized by low precipitation in winter. At this time of the year, only about 5-20 millimeters fall. The same cannot be said about the warm season, when 70% of annual precipitation is poured onto the ground.

Permafrost is widespread in the northern part of the lowland. The ground freezes to a depth of 600 meters.

Rivers

So, compare the West Siberian Lowland and the Central Siberian Plateau. A rather strong difference is that the plateau is indented by a huge number of rivers. There are practically no wetlands here. However, there are a lot of rivers on the plain. There are about 2 thousand of them. All of them together every year bring up to 1200 cubic kilometers of water into the Kara Sea. That's an amazing lot. Indeed, one cubic kilometer contains 1,000,000,000,000 (trillion) liters. Most of the rivers in Western Siberia are fed by melt water or precipitation in summer. Most of the water flows down during the warm season. With the onset of a thaw, the level in rivers can rise by more than 15 meters, and in winter they are ice-bound. Therefore, during the cold period, the runoff is only 10%.

The rivers of this part of Siberia are distinguished by the slowness of currents. This is due to the flat terrain and slight inclines. For example, the Ob descends by only 90 m for 3 thousand km. Because of this, the speed of its current does not exceed half a meter per second.

Lakes

There are even more lakes in these parts than rivers. And many times more. There are about a million of them. But almost all of them are small in size. The peculiarity of local lakes is that many of them are filled with salt water. They also flood very strongly in the spring. But over the summer they can significantly decrease in size, and by autumn they can completely disappear. Over the last period, due to precipitation, the lakes are filled with water again, freeze in winter, and the cycle repeats. This is not the case with all water bodies, but with the so-called "fog" lakes that occupy the territory of this lowland - the West Siberian Plain. It is also characterized by another type of lake. They occupy natural unevenness of the relief, various pits and depressions.

Swamps

Another feature of Western Siberia is that it breaks all records for the number of swamps. It is within the boundaries of this lowland that they are considered to be one of the largest in the entire globe. The increased waterlogging is due to the high content of peat in the ground. The substance is able to retain a lot of water, because of this, "dead" areas appear. The terrain itself also contributes to the formation of swamps. The flat plain does not allow the water to drain away and it remains practically stationary, eroding and softening the soil.

Natural areas

Due to the fact that Western Siberia is strongly stretched from north to south, transitions are observed in it.They change from tundra in the north to deserts and semi-deserts in the south. Part of the lowland is occupied by the tundra zone, which is explained by the general northern position of the entire territory of the plain. To the south, the tundra gradually passes into the forest-tundra, and further into the forest-bog zone. The latter occupies 60% of the entire territory of Western Siberia.

A rather abrupt transition to the steppe regions is observed. The most common here is birch, as well as aspen. In addition to them, the plowed steppe zone is also found occupying the extreme southern position in the plain. West Siberian Lowland, geographical position which is directly related to the distribution by zones, also creates favorable conditions for a pine forest located on low sand spits.

The region is rich in representatives of the animal world. For example, about 99 species of mammals live here. Among them are fur-bearing animals such as arctic foxes, weasel and sable. There are large predators - bears and lynxes. Many birds also live in these parts. Peregrine falcons, hawks and golden eagles are found in the reserves. There are also birds listed in the Red Book. For example, a black stork or a white-tailed eagle.

Mineral resources

Compare the geographical position of the West Siberian Lowland with any other, and it becomes clear that about 70% of oil production is concentrated in the described plain. The plain is also rich in deposits. coal... The total area of ​​land rich in these resources is estimated at 2 million square meters. km. The timber industry is also well developed. The greatest advantage is given to coal mining in the Kuzbass.

Central Siberian plateau

Compared to the West Siberian Lowland, the Central Siberian Plateau is not swampy due to its elevated position. However, the river system is more dense, which also feeds on rain and melting snow. Permafrost is widespread. The climate on the plateau is sharply continental, which is why, as in the West Siberian lowland, there are large temperature differences in winter. The average in the north reaches -44 o C, and in the south -22 o C. This is also typical for summer period... There is less animal diversity, but bears, reindeer and hares are also found. The plateau, as well as rich in oil and gas deposits. To this are added various ores and

one of the largest on Earth. Takes b. h Zap. Siberia, stretching from the coast of the Kara Sea in the north to the Kazakh hummocks in the south, from the Urals in the west to the Central Siberian plateau in the east of Pl. OK. 3 million km². Wide flat or gently stepped interfluves, separated by terraced valleys, prevail. Amplitudes of heights from 20 to 200 m (max. Up to 300 m). In the north, moraine hills and ridges are combined with young sea and alluvial (river) plains; in the south, lacustrine and lacustrine-alluvial plains are interspersed with manes ( Barabinskaya, Kulunda plains ). Z.-S. R. covers a thick cover of sedimentary rocks that contain large accumulations of oil and gas. The climate is continental, precipitation from 200 (tundra, steppe) to 600 (taiga) mm per year. Dense river network ( Ob , Irtysh , Yenisei , Pelvis and their tributaries). Many large ( Vats , Ubinskoe and others) and countless small lakes, incl. salty. Extensive swamps and swampy forests. In the north, there is continuous permafrost in the center. In the extreme south, there are salt licks and salt marshes. On the west-side. R. all zones and subzones of the temperate zone are represented: tundra, forest-tundra, taiga, deciduous forests, forest-steppe, steppe.

Dictionary of modern place names. - Yekaterinburg: U-Factoria. Under the general editorship of Acad. V. M. Kotlyakova. 2006 .

Western Siberian Plain

(West Siberian Lowland), in the north of Eurasia, between the Kazakh Uplands and Altai in the south, the Urals in the west, the coast of the Kara Sea in the north and the Central Siberian Plateau in the east. Almost entirely within Russia, partly in Kazakhstan. One of the greatest low-lying plains the globe... The length from north to south is approx. 2,500 km, from west to east up to 1,900 km; pl. OK. 3 million km². At the base to the depth. The folded Paleozoic basement lies 1000–4000 m. On it is a cover of loose sedimentary rocks of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic, which contain fresh and mineralized, including hot, underground waters. It also contains colossal reserves of oil and natural gas, which are developed in West Siberian oil and gas province. Most of the plain does not rise above 150 m above sea level. m., max. h. (more than 300 m) are confined to the foothills of the Urals and Altai. To the center. parts of the plain in latitude extend Siberian Uvaly(height up to 285 m). Parts with their own names are distinguished: relatively elevated "continents" - Belogorsk, Tobolsk; relatively low steppes - Ishimskaya, Barabinskaya; plains - Vasyugan and others. Significant ter. has an almost perfectly flat relief, especially within wide interfluves. In the north it is complicated by moraine hills and ridges, and in the south by low parallel manes. The climate is continental, with subarctic in the north. Wed January temperatures vary with latitude from –28 to –16 ° C, in July - from 4 to 22 ° C. Precipitation falls from 200 to 600 mm per year. All in. permafrost is widespread in the districts. Ch. river Ob, its tributaries drain most of the plain. Other rivers include the Pur and Taz in the north and the left tributaries of the Yenisei in the east. there is a drainless area. Up to 70% rub. the plains are swampy. This is associated with the formation of many small lakes in the north, including those of thermokarst origin. Relatively large lakes are concentrated in the south (Chany, Ubinskoe, and others). On the West Siberian Plain, the law of latitudinal geographic zoning is classically expressed. The north belongs to the subarctic belt, dominated by landscapes of moss, lichen and shrub tundra. To the south, it is replaced by a narrow strip of forest-tundra, behind which begins a taiga of spruce, fir, cedar, pine and larch, which occupies most of the plain. The taiga is replaced by small-leaved forests of birch and aspen, then a forest-steppe with copses (chops) begins, turning into a steppe. Southern districts in the main. plowed up. Nature is protected in nature reserves: Verkhne-Tazovsky, Visimsky, Gydansky, Malaya Sosva, Central Siberian and Yugansky.

Geography. Modern illustrated encyclopedia. - M .: Rosman. Edited by prof. A.P. Gorkina. 2006 .

See what the "West Siberian Plain" is in other dictionaries:

West Siberian Plain ... Wikipedia

Between the Urals in the west and the Central Siberian Plateau in the east. OK. 3 million km & sup2. Length from north to south up to 2500 km, from west to east up to 1900 km. Height from 50 to 150 m in the northern and central parts to 300 m in the western, southern and ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

WESTERN SIBERIAN PLAIN, between the Urals in the west and the Central Siberian plateau in the east. OK. 3 million km2. Length from north to south up to 2500 km, from west to east up to 1900 km. Height from 50 to 150 m in the northern and central parts to 300 m in ... ... Russian history

Between the Urals in the west and the Central Siberian plateau in the east About 3 million km2. Length from north to south up to 2500 km, from west to east up to 1900 km. Height from 50 to 150 m in the northern and central parts to 300 m in the western, southern and eastern parts. ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

West Siberian Lowland, one of the largest low-lying accumulative plains in the world. It is located north of the hummock plain of Kazakhstan and the Altai mountains, between the Urals in the west and the Central Siberian plateau in the east. Great Soviet Encyclopedia

West Siberian Plain, West Siberian Lowland. One of the largest low-lying accumulative plains in the world. Occupies most of Western Siberia, stretching from the coast of the Kara Sea in the north to the Kazakh Upland and ... Dictionary "Geography of Russia"

West Siberian lowland

Landscape of the West Siberian Plain.

Western Siberian Plain occupies the entire western part of Siberia from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Central Siberian Plateau in the east.

The area of ​​the plain is about 3 million km²; its length from north to south is 2500 km, and from west to east - 1900 km.

Geologically, the territory is sinking, which is indirectly confirmed by the shape of the estuaries of the rivers.

Geology

The West Siberian Plain was formed within the Epigercyn West Siberian Plate, the basement of which is composed of intensively dislocated Paleozoic deposits. They are everywhere covered with a cover of loose marine and continental Meso-Cenozoic rocks (clays, sandstones, marls, and the like), with a total thickness of over 1000 m (in the basement depressions up to 3000-4000 m). The youngest anthropogenic deposits in the south are alluvial and lacustrine, often covered by loesses and loess-like loams; in the north - glacial, sea and ice-sea (thickness in places up to 400 m). In the cuff of loose sediments, there are underground water horizons - fresh and mineralized (including brine); there are also hot (up to 100-150 ° C) waters. There are industrial deposits of oil and natural gas (West Siberian oil and gas basin).

Links

• West Siberian Plain in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia
• West Siberian Plain in the book: N. A. Gvozdetsky, N. I. Mikhailov. Physical geography of the USSR. M., 1978.

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See what the "West Siberian Lowland" is in other dictionaries:

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LOWLAND, a land area with an absolute height of no more than 200 m above sea level, usually with a flat, sometimes hilly surface. The largest Amazonian lowlands ( South America), West Siberian (Russia) ... Modern encyclopedia

lowland- I and; f. A plain located no higher than 200 m above sea level; low-lying area, terrain. West Siberian region. Lagoon lowlands. Neither / a change around the lake. II see low-lying II; and; f. Neither / change behavior ... Dictionary of many expressions