How to win in the game sea battle. The optimal algorithm for playing sea battle

Incredible popular game on the paper. And although now there are special game kits for Sea Battle, as well as a lot of computer implementations, the classic version on a piece of paper remains the most popular.

The goal of the game is to sink the enemy's ships before they can sink yours.

Rules of the game "Sea battle"

Two players play. Each of them needs a piece of paper (preferably in a cage), a pencil or a pen. The game begins with the preparation of the field. Two squares of 10 × 10 cells are drawn on the sheet. On one of them, their ships will be placed, in the other, "fire" will be fired at enemy ships.

The sides of the squares are signed with letters horizontally and numbers vertically. It is necessary to agree in advance which letters will be written (the main disputes arise whether or not to use the letter “Yo”). By the way, in some schools, instead of the boring alphabet, they write the word " REPUBLIC" - it just contains 10 non-repeating letters. This is especially useful for those who have not mastered the alphabet.

Arrangement of ships

Next, the deployment of fleets begins. The classic rules of naval combat say that there should be 4 ships in one cell (“single-deck” or “single-tube”), 3 ships in 2 cells, 2 in 3 cells and one four-deck. All ships must be straight, no curved or "diagonal" allowed. The ships are placed on the playing field in such a way that there is always a gap of one cell between them, that is, they should not touch each other either by the sides or by the corners. In this case, ships can touch the edges of the field and occupy corners.

When the ships are placed, the players take turns making "shots", naming the squares according to their "coordinates": "A1", "B6", etc. If the cell is occupied by a ship or part of it, the enemy must answer "wounded" or "killed" ("sunk"). This cell is crossed out with a cross and you can make one more shot. If there is no ship in the named cell, a dot is placed in the cell and the turn passes to the opponent.

The game is played until the complete victory of one of the players, that is, until all the ships are sunk.

At the end of the game, the loser can ask the winner to look at his ship placement.

Mastery

If you think that sea battle is a game built solely on luck and luck, then you are mistaken. In fact, it has both strategy and tactics, which we will talk about in conclusion. So - about the tricks and also various honest and not very honest methods of playing sea battle:

First of all (and this is the most important thing!), you need to keep your sheet with the ships so that the enemy cannot spy on your location;
Be sure to keep a record of your own and other people's moves, marking them with dots. So shots on the same cells will be excluded;
Having sunk an enemy ship, also surround it with dots so as not to shoot at places where there are obviously no ships;
You should not put ships in the corners of the field: usually beginners shoot at them first of all. However, exceptions will be discussed below;
It is necessary to develop a strategy for placement. A good result is the uneven distribution of ships: collect all the "large" ships in one or two dense groups, and hide the remaining "one-deck" ships separately in secret places on the playing field. In this case, the enemy will quickly figure out and defeat the grouping. big ships, and then it will take a long time to look for the remaining small ones;
After killing a large ship, the enemy surrounds it with dots. So, having found a “four-deck”, the enemy immediately opens (4 + 1 + 1) * 3 \u003d 18 cells (that is, 18% or almost 1/5 of the field). “Three-deck"Gives 15 cells (15%), "two-deck" - 12%, and "single-deck" - 9%. If you put the “four-deck” against the wall, then it will allow you to open only 12 cells (10 for a three-deck, 8 for a two-deck). If you put the "four-deck" in general in a corner, it will allow you to open only 10 cells (8, 6 and 4, respectively). Of course, if the enemy realizes that all the ships are on the edge, he will quickly sink them. Therefore, it is better to use this advice in combination with the previous one.
Shooting tactics can also be different. However, the destruction of enemy ships is best to start with the search for a "four-deck". To do this, you can shoot diagonally, or draw a rhombus, or shoot through 3 cells on the fourth. As soon as a four-deck ship is found, we look for three-deck ones, then two. Of course, in the process of searching, “every little thing” will come across and make adjustments to the plans.
And here is a dishonest way: to arrange all the ships, except for the last one-deck ship (it will act as the Elusive submarine). And he will be placed (and killed) only in the last remaining cell. Dealing with this is easy enough: let the players arrange the ships in one color, and fire in another. It is possible, for example, for players to have pens or pencils different colors and after placing the ships, just change handles.

A simple and exciting game that has been known since childhood is sea battle. The rules of the game are not very complicated, anyone can remember them. Sea battles are liked by adults and children, you can play it anywhere.

Rules of the game Sea battle

The essence of entertainment lies in the fact that two players take turns naming certain coordinates on the opponent's map, which they do not know. The named point must hit the ship or part of it. The task of each player is to sink all enemy ships as early as possible. There are several options for such a game today:

On the paper. This method is considered classic version entertainment. It allows you to play anywhere. A checkered notebook or one leaf (not even lined) is suitable for battles.
Desktop. The first version of such entertainment appeared more than 80 years ago. Board game sea battle was distinguished by volume, colorfulness. After a while, many variations appeared with different numbers of ships, other sizes of fields.
On the computer. Modern gadgets can easily be turned into a battlefield for ships by downloading and installing the right application. There are options to play online. Features: the selected points are fixed automatically, there is a voice acting that adds reality to what is happening.

Field

To understand how to play sea battle, you need to understand the basic concepts. You need to start by drawing your playing field. It is a coordinate plane, a square 10 by 10. Each of its sides has its own definitions: the horizontal is numbered from top to bottom, the vertical - with letter designations. The letters of the Russian alphabet are used from "A" to "K" or from "A to "I", if "Yo" and "Y" are omitted. Often instead of letters the words "Snegurochka" or "Republic" are used. They consist of ten letters, which corresponds to 10 squares on the playing field.

Next to the "own" field, you need to draw a "foreign" one, which has the same dimensions and coordinates. This is a site for the enemy flotilla. The field is empty, it is used to mark one's own moves and opponent's "strike". Given that there are several variants of the coordinate system, it is recommended to agree in advance which one will be used. Next, you need to arrange the ships.

Number and placement of ships

There is a certain layout of ships on the playing field. The ship consists of several decks or pipes (hence the name, for example, "two-deck" or "two-pipe"). On the playing field are:

1 four-deck, ship, battleship, - a row of four cells,
2 three-deck, cruisers, - rows of 3 cells;
3 double-deck, destroyers, - rows of 2 cells;
4 single-deck ships, torpedo boats, - 1 cell.

In the classic game, it is necessary to draw ships on the playing field according to the rules. For example, all court sides or corners cannot touch each other. There are variants of the game when the ships are placed in the letter "G", squares or zigzags, touching the corners is not prohibited. There are also battles with a different number of ships or their structure, for example, a five-deck (aircraft carrier), several four-deck. Using more ships, a different form of the field is used, 15 by 15 in size. It is necessary to decide on the choice of the game in advance.

Game progress

Playing sea battle on paper is necessary in accordance with certain rules. The instruction defines the conditions and sequence of moves:

Initially, who will go first is chosen. To do this, the players cast lots.
When making a "shot", the player names the coordinates, for example, B3.
If there is nothing in the cell, the opponent says "by". According to the named coordinates, the ship is located, then “wounded” - if it was hit, “killed” - when completely destroyed.
A cross indicates a hit on an enemy ship. With such a successful shot, according to the rules, the player moves a second time. The right to move is transferred to the second player if the blow fell on an empty field.
The winner is the one who first sinks all the ships of his opponent.
At the end of the game, the opponents may require each other's playing fields to check. The loser will be the one whose fields are filled incorrectly. Victory goes to the one who waged a fair fight.

There are certain restrictions in the game. The game may be ended earlier if there is a violation of the rules. The following are considered gross violations:

Incorrectly drawn field - the number of vessels exceeds the required one, the dimensions of the sides or the coordinate system are incorrect.
One of the players spied on the location of the ships from the other.
Skipping a turn due to inattention.

Win strategy

A simple battle is not built solely on luck. To achieve victory, there is a strategy and tactics of playing a sea battle. It is as follows:

A sheet with a lined field must be held so that the enemy cannot look.
For convenience and accountability, it is recommended to mark enemy shots with dots.
The most vulnerable ships are the battleship and the torpedo boat. The first one is very large, so it is easy to spot. Torpedo boats are small and hard to find on the field, but they sink in one hit.
Beginners often aim at the corners of the game square, so it is not recommended to draw them there.
Experienced players are advised to immediately come up with a layout of ships on the field. Good results can be achieved if the flotilla units are arranged according to the scheme. For example, by gathering cruisers and battleships in one place, and placing boats and destroyers in a chaotic manner.
Shooting techniques for a flotilla may be different. To quickly destroy the battleship, it is recommended to start searching for it diagonally. You need to shoot at the squares on 4, through 3 cells. Then you need to move in descending order: look for three-deck, two-deck and single boats.

Video

« sea battle» - fascinating and simple game, which does not require special devices and special knowledge. It can be played both on a computer and on paper, and only the second option was once used, since there was no other possibility. Not everyone knows how to play Sea Battle, because either there was no opportunity to learn, or there was no “teacher”. In any case, such knowledge can be useful. The rules of the game "Sea Battle" are simple, anyone can remember them, regardless of age and level of intelligence.

General

The game "Sea Battle" has long conquered many people. It is interesting, exciting, and most importantly - does not require any costs. To play with a person together, you will need two sheets of paper in a cage (preferably) and two pens (or 2 pencils).

"Battleship" is useful not only because it allows you to have a good time. The game also contributes to the development of strategic thinking and intuition. If you and the person know each other, you have the opportunity to use information about the enemy. For example, your assumptions about how he could place the ships so that they are hard to find, how you would place if you were in his place, can be confirmed and help win.

Rules

Well, you can proceed to the main part. Now you will learn how to play Sea Battle:

1. First you need to draw two squares of 10x10 cells on a piece of paper (of course, it’s easier to draw on a sheet in a cell). Then, in both figures, put down the letters from A to K on the top row (from left to right, skipping E and Y), and to the left of the squares - the numbers from 1 to 10 (top to bottom).

2. On the left square you need to place:

1 ship, consisting of 4 cells;
2 ships, consisting of 3 cells;
3 ships, consisting of 2 cells;
4 ships, consisting of 1 cell.

Ships cannot touch each other either on the sides or on the corners. It is important that there is at least one free cell between them. Ships can touch the edges of the playing field, and they must be located only vertically and horizontally (not diagonally).

The right square must remain empty.

3. The goal of each player is to destroy enemy ships. The one who goes first (by agreement or by chance (using lots)), calls the coordinates (letter-number), looking at the right empty square. For example, E7. The opponent looks at his left drawing, where his ships are located, and answers:

a) past;
b) injured;
c) killed.

The first option means that the player has landed on an empty cell, that is, he has not landed anywhere. He marks this place in his right square so as not to choose it a second time (most often with a cross, but you can use any other convenient way), while the turn passes to the second player.

The second option means that the player got into a multi-deck ship (occupying from 2 to 4 cells). Having marked the right place on his card, a person has the right to the next move until he misses. So, if after shouting E7 the answer “wounded” followed, the player can call either E6, or F7, or E8, or D7 to finish off the wounded ship (by the way, this is not necessary, you can temporarily leave it alone and look for others) . The second player again answers "by", "wounded" or "killed".

The third option means that the enemy ship has been destroyed. If this happened from the first move, then it was single-deck (consisting of one cell), which can be called a great success. If from the second (for example, after E7 the player said E6), then it is double-deck, etc. After knocking out the ship, as well as after being wounded, the player moves until he receives the answer "by".

4. The turn passes from one player to another in case of a miss and is delayed by one of the opponents in case of a successful hit. The person who first finds and destroys all enemy ships wins.

Other variations

Sometimes "Battleship" is on paper, and sometimes on a computer, as mentioned earlier. And if for the first option you need a real, live opponent, then in the latter case you can play with robots. True, firstly, it will not be so interesting (the reaction of the enemy when you sink his ship is priceless), and secondly, the opportunity to peep into the enemy fleet is absolutely excluded (we all understand that some people strive to cheat).

One way or another, it is not difficult to come up with other, more advanced versions of the game, it all depends on the imagination of the players and their desire / ability to experiment. It is important to immediately clarify all the rules, because if it is not clear to every person how to play the Sea Battle, the rules of which you came up with, nothing good will come of it, a quality game will not work.

For example, you can add more cells to the "battlefield" (not 10x10, but 20x20, for example), and then either leave the number of ships or increase them. You can complicate the task so much that all the ships that the enemy needs to find are single-deck. You can make mines, when hit on which the enemy misses one turn. There are a lot of options, the main thing is to know everything in moderation.

Conclusion

That's it, now you've met new game and you know its rules. The question "how to play Sea Battle" should be settled. From now on, you and your friends will have something to do during boring lessons / lectures or at work, if there is an opportunity to be close to each other and write on sheets of paper.

A couple of days ago I was surprised to learn that some of my friends do not know how to play sea battle. Those. Of course, they know the rules, but they play somehow haphazardly and as a result often lose. In this post, I will try to outline the main ideas that will help you level up your game.

Rules of the game

There are many options for naval combat, but we will consider the most common option with the following set of ships:

All listed ships must be placed on a 10 by 10 square field, and the ships cannot touch either corners or sides. The playing field itself is numbered from top to bottom, and the verticals are marked with Russian letters from "A" to "K" (the letters "Yo" and "Y" are skipped).

An enemy field of the same size is drawn nearby. In case of a successful shot at the enemy ship, a cross is placed on the corresponding cell of the enemy field and a second shot is fired;

Optimal Strategy

There is always an element of randomness in the game of naval combat, but it can be minimized. Before proceeding directly to the search for the optimal strategy, it is necessary to voice one obvious thing: the probability of hitting an enemy ship is higher, the fewer unchecked cells are left on its field, similarly, the probability of hitting your ships is the lower, the more unchecked cells are left on your field. That. to play effectively, you need to learn two things at once: optimal shooting at the enemy and optimal placement of your ships.

In the following explanation, the following notation will be used:

Optimal Shooting

The first and most obvious rule for optimal shooting is the following rule: do not shoot at the cells directly surrounding the destroyed enemy ship.

In accordance with the notation adopted above, in the figure, those cells on which unsuccessful shots have already been fired are marked in yellow, the cells on which the shots ended in a hit are marked in red, and the cells that were not fired on are marked in green, but it can be guaranteed that the ships there are no ships in them (ships cannot be there, because according to the rules of the game, ships cannot touch each other).

The second rule immediately follows from the first rule: if you managed to knock out an enemy ship, you must immediately finish it off in order to get a list of guaranteed free cells as soon as possible.

The third rule follows from the first two: you must first try to knock out the largest enemy ships. Perhaps this rule is not obvious to you, but if you think a little, you can easily notice that after destroying an enemy battleship, we are in best case we will immediately get information about 14 guaranteed free cells, and after destroying the cruiser, about 12 in total.

That. the optimal firing strategy can be reduced to a targeted search and destruction of the largest enemy ships. Unfortunately, it is not enough to formulate a strategy, it is necessary to propose a way to implement it.

To begin with, let's consider a 4 by 4 cell area of the playing field. If there is an enemy battleship in the area under consideration, then it is guaranteed to be knocked out in no more than 4 shots. To do this, you need to shoot in such a way that there is exactly one checked cell on each horizontal and vertical. below are all options for such shooting (excluding reflections and turns).

Among all these options, only the first two options are optimal on a field of 10 by 10 cells, guaranteeing a hit in a battleship in a maximum of 24 shots.

After the enemy battleship is destroyed, it is necessary to start searching for cruisers, and then destroyers. In this case, as you may have guessed, you can use a similar technique. Only now it is necessary to divide the field into squares with a side of 3 and 2 cells, respectively.

If you used the second strategy when searching for a battleship, then to search for cruisers and destroyers you need to shoot at the following fields (green indicates the fields that you have already fired at when searching for a battleship):

There is no optimal strategy for finding boats, so at the end of the game you have to rely mainly on luck.

Optimal ship placement

The optimal strategy for placing ships is in some sense the reverse of the optimal strategy for firing. When shooting, we tried to find the largest ships in order to reduce the number of cells that need to be checked at the expense of guaranteed free cells. This means that when placing ships, they must be placed in such a way that, in case of their loss, the number of guaranteed free cells is minimized. As you remember, the battleship in the center of the field opens 14 fields for the enemy at once, but the battleship standing in the corner opens only 6 fields for the enemy:

Similarly, a cruiser standing in a corner opens only 6 fields instead of 12. Thus, by placing large ships along the field boundary, you leave more room for boats. Because there is no strategy for finding boats, the enemy will have to shoot at random, and the more free fields you have left by the time you catch the boats, the harder it will be for the enemy to win.

Below are three ways to place capital ships that leave a lot of room for boats (marked in blue):

Each of the above arrangements leaves exactly 60 free cells for boats, which means that the probability of accidentally hitting a boat is 0.066. For comparison, it is worth giving a random arrangement of ships:

With this arrangement, only 21 cells remain for boats, which means that the probability of hitting a boat is already 0.19, i.e. almost 3 times higher.

In conclusion, I want to say that you should not spend too much time playing sea battle. I especially want to warn you against playing in lectures. When I was sitting in Wabi Sabi and playing sea battle with my girlfriend, a waitress walked by and said that she plays quite well, because. I practiced a lot in pairs. Who knows what she would have worked for if she had listened to lectures at one time?

P.S. The comments absolutely correctly indicate that there were already similar publications on Habré, it would be wrong not to put links to them.

In Game "sea battle" the game is played by two people who take turns naming the coordinates of the ships on the opponent's map. If the coordinates are occupied, then the ship or part of it "sinks", and the one that has fallen has the right to make one more move.

The game takes place on a field of 10x10 cells of each player, on which a fleet of ships is located. Horizontals are usually numbered from top to bottom, and verticals are marked with letters from left to right. In this case, letters of the Russian alphabet are used from “a” to “k” (letters “ё” and “й” are usually omitted) or from “a” to “i” (using the letter “ё”), or letters of the Latin alphabet from “ a" to "j". Sometimes the word "republic" or "snow maiden" is used, since not a single letter is repeated in these 10-letter words. Because there are various options setting the coordinate system, it is better to agree on this in advance.

The fleet consists of

* 1 ship - a row of 4 "four-deck" cells

* 2 ships - a row of 3 "three-ball" cells

* 3 ships - a row of 2 "two-deck" cells

* 4 ships - a row of 1 cell "single-deck".

When placed, ships cannot touch each other at the corners.

Ship decks should be built "in a line", and not with bends. The main thing: you cannot build the decks of one ship diagonally.

Before the start of hostilities, players cast lots or agree on who will go first.

The player making the move makes a shot - he calls aloud the coordinates of the cell in which, in his opinion, the enemy ship is located, for example, "K1!" .
If the shot hit a cell that was not occupied by any enemy ship, then the answer “Miss!” and the shooting player puts a dot on someone else's square in this place. The right to move passes to the opponent.
If the shot hit the cell where the multi-deck ship is located (larger than 1 cell in size), then the answer is “Wounded!”. The shooting player puts a cross in this cell on a foreign field, and his opponent puts a cross on his field also in this cell. The player who shoots gets the right to one more shot.
If the shot hit the cell where the single-deck ship or the last undamaged cell of the multi-deck ship is located, then the answer “Sunk!” or "Killed!" Both players mark the sunken ship on the sheet. The player who shoots gets the right to one more shot.

The winner is the one who first sinks all 10 enemy ships. The loser has the right to ask to study the opponent's playing field after the end of the game.

Violations

The player has his field drawn incorrectly: the number of ships does not comply with the rules; ships touch each other; incorrect field sizes and incorrect coordinate system.

The player made changes on his playing field that were not provided for by the rules of the game (during the game, you can only put dots and crosses and only according to the rules), for example, completed the missing ship, the player peeped at the location of the enemy ships or missed his move.