Secrets of the deep-sea submarine "Losharik. Nuclear deep-water stations (AGS)

Here is what Voennoye Obozreniye writes about Losharik:

The AS-12, also known as Losharik, is a Russian nuclear-powered deep-sea submarine (according to the official Russian naval classification, it is a nuclear-powered deep-sea station). "Losharik" does not carry any weapons on board, according to some sources the submersion depth of this station can reach 6,000 meters. The Project 10831 "Kalitka" nuclear deep-water station, sometimes the boat number 210 is indicated, was created by the designers of the Malakhit Design Bureau in the 80s of the last century. The main designer of the unique boat was the Hero of Russia Yu. M. Konovalov. The construction of Losharik began in 1988, but in the 1990s, due to lack of funding, it was stopped and continued only in the early 2000s.

Most Russians, and the rest of the world, learned about this unique submarine only at the end of last year. At the end of September 2012, a research expedition called "Arctic-2012" took place, as a result of which it was planned to submit an application to the UN Commission on the Law of the Sea to expand the controlled Russian Federation arctic zone. This expedition was attended by 2 icebreakers: "Dikson" and "Captain Dranitsyn", as well as the unique nuclear deep-water station AS-12 project 10831 "Kalitka", which is better known as "Losharik". This deep-sea station collected rock and soil samples at a depth of 2.5-3 km. for about 20 days.

The purpose of this expedition was to clarify the high-latitude boundary of the continental shelf in the Arctic. Mid October 2012 Chief Engineer"Sevmorgeo" Yuri Kuzmin (of the company that headed research work), in an interview with RIA Novosti he said that three cores 60, 30 and 20 cm long were taken at a depth of 2-2.5 kilometers in the sea, respectively. The collection of these samples was carried out by "Losharik". According to other data, the work was carried out at a depth of 2.5-3 kilometers, in any case, this is significantly more than the submersion depth of conventional submarines.

In many sources, the name of this project is found as "210", which is incorrect, since this is the usual abbreviation for the serial number of the submarine (serial number 01210). Also, some sources indicate that the code of the project is "Losharik", but this name is an unofficial and rather spontaneous self-name, which, however, has become actively disseminated, including in the media. At the same time, in a number of sources, the boat of the project 10831 correlates with the NATO name of the boats - NORSUB-5.

Most likely, by 1988-1990, the working and technical projects of the submarine were created and approved. The development of these projects was carried out together with the layout of the placement of various equipment in the spherical compartments of the boat. In 1991, almost completely finished blocks of the strong hull of the boat, according to the customer's specifications, technical adjustments were made 10830. In particular, it was decided to place additional weapons in the bow of the boat, most likely, it was about specialized equipment. The revised technical design of the boat was presented and defended already in 1992.

The creation of a groundwork for the construction of a submarine and preparation of production were started at PO "Sevmash", most likely, back in 1988. The lead and so far the only submarine of this project - AS-12, with the serial number 01210, was laid down in the "secret" workshop №42 of PO "Sevmash", located in the city of Severodvinsk. It happened on July 16, 1990. In the mid-90s, due to a lack of funding, the project was temporarily suspended, while the launch of the completed boat took place on August 5, 2003.

According to the company's employees, in the case of Losharik, the procedure for launching the boat was carried out in the best traditions. Soviet Union... The ceremony was attended only by representatives of the customer of the project, the developers of the unique submarine from "Malachite" and the specialists from "Sevmash" themselves, who were directly related to the construction of the boat. During the Soviet era, it was customary to remove finished submarines from factories at night. It was believed that in this way, the Americans, firstly, would not be able to recognize exact amount commissioned nuclear submarines, and secondly, they will not be able to produce high-quality images of the new Soviet submarines from space.

At the same time, Sevmash specialists emphasize that by its appearance the new Russian submarine can say little to uninitiated people, by the appearance of Losharik it is difficult to judge the capabilities inherent in this submarine. Moreover, if we take those atomic submarines that were created by the designers of "Malachite", then we can conclude that "Losharik" is the most invulnerable and silent submarine in all Russian fleet... Most likely, at a certain speed, and more likely, at a depth, it is simply practically invulnerable, including for the hydroacoustics of enemy ships. Therefore, this submarine is able to solve the most challenging tasks in the entire water area of the world's oceans.

In the period from 2004 to 2007, Captain 1st Rank A.I. Oparin headed the factory, state and deep-sea tests of an experimental submarine in the White, Barents, Greenland and Norwegian Seas. According to unconfirmed information, this submarine has fully completed the program of state tests by the fall of 2009. Most likely, it was accepted into the fleet in 2010 or later. Thus, in May 2010, information appeared in the press that a number of specialists from KB Rubin, Malakhit, Prometey, and the Zvezdochka shipyard were awarded state prizes for the “experimental deep-sea order 1083K”.

It is assumed that the boat is assigned to the Northern Fleet of Russia, while not subordinate to its command. AS-12 "Losharik" is part of the Main Directorate of Deep-Sea Research of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, which is better known as "Underwater Reconnaissance" and reports directly to the Minister of Defense of the country. The body of the deep-sea station is assembled from high-strength titanium compartments with a spherical shape, in which the principle of a bathyscaphe is implemented. All compartments of the boat are interconnected by passages and are located inside the light hull.

It is assumed that it is precisely because of design features shipbuilders of the Severodvinsk enterprise "Sevmash" nicknamed this boat "Losharik" by analogy with one Soviet cartoon character - a horse that was assembled from separate balls. Wherein specifications the boats are classified. According to the information available in the public domain, the boat is up to 79 meters long. The total displacement of the boat is 2000 tons. The deep-water station, according to some sources, can dive to a depth of 6 thousand meters and develop a maximum speed of 30 knots.

It is believed that one of the areas of the Losharik deep-water station is occupied by the E-17 nuclear reactor with a steam generating unit and a turbo-gear unit, the power of which on the shaft is 10-15 thousand liters. with. It is reported that the submarine is equipped with a single propeller in a special annular fairing. The station does not have any weapons, but at the same time it is equipped with a manipulator, telegrafeyr (bucket with a TV camera), dredge (rock cleaning system), as well as a hydrostatic tube. The crew of "Losharik" includes 25 people - all officers.

The Losharik is underwater for several months. At the same time, the deep-water station has compartments for crew rest, a galley and work rooms. In February 2012, the submarine underwent repairs and preparations for the cruise to the North Pole. In particular, it is reported that the AS-12 station was equipped with additional bathymetric equipment for seismic profiling of the seabed, including a side-scan sonar and a profiler - a special device used to measure the depth of bottom sediments.

Especially for the AS-12 deep-water station, the project 667BDR Kalmar K-129 strategic nuclear submarine was also converted, which became the carrier of the deep-water station. All work on alteration of the submarine was carried out at the Zvezdochka shipyard from 1994 to 2002. In particular, all the silos for ballistic missiles were dismantled on the nuclear submarine, in addition to this, the structure of the submarine was strengthened, which, according to unconfirmed information, can now dive to a depth of 1 kilometer. The AS-12 deep-sea station is attached to the carrier from below. Currently, the K-129 submarine is part of the Russian Northern Fleet and bears the designation BS-136 "Orenburg".

At one time, it was the photographs of "Orenburg" that surfaced at the North Pole during the expedition "Arctic-2012" that were published in the press. In the same time appearance"Losharik" is still classified, there are no reliable photographs of this deep-water station in the public domain. At the same time, it can be argued that none of the countries in the world have stations that would be similar to AS-12.

And this is from one of the forums:

AS-12
Ship history:

Flag State - Russia
Launching - August 2003
Current status - as part of the Northern Fleet

Main characteristics:

Ship type - nuclear deep-sea station
The designation of the project - 10831 "Wicket", sometimes mistakenly 210
Project developer - SPMBM "Malachite"
Chief Designer - Yu.M. Konovalov
NATO classification - NORSUB-5
Speed (underwater) - 30 knots
Maximum immersion depth - 1000 m (according to some sources - 6000 m)
Swimming autonomy - several months
Crew - 25 people (all officers)

Dimensions:

Displacement underwater - about 2000 t
Maximum length (at design waterline) - about 60 m

Power point:

Nuclear reactor with PPU E-17, shaft power 10-15 thousand hp

Armament:

Absent.

What especially delivers - ours call it a bathyscaphe
Such a good bathyscaphe with a nuclear power plant and full complement of personnel and the devil knows what kind of weapon than on board

AS-12 also known as "Losharik"- This is a Russian nuclear deep-sea submarine (according to the official Russian naval classification - a nuclear deep-water station). "Losharik" does not carry any weapons on board, according to some sources the submersion depth of this station can reach 6000 meters.

The Project 10831 "Kalitka" nuclear deep-water station, sometimes the boat number 210 is indicated, was created by the designers of the Malakhit Design Bureau in the 80s of the last century. The main designer of the unique boat was the Hero of Russia YM Konovalov. The construction of Losharik began in 1988, but in the 1990s, due to lack of funding, it was stopped and continued only in the early 2000s.

This expedition was attended by 2 icebreakers: "Dikson" and "Captain Dranitsyn", as well as a unique nuclear deep-water station AS-12 project 10831 "Kalitka", which is better known as "Losharik". This deep-water station collected rock and soil samples at a depth of 2.5-3 km for about 20 days.

The purpose of this expedition was to clarify the high-latitude boundary of the continental shelf in the Arctic. In mid-October 2012, the chief engineer of Sevmorgeo, Yuri Kuzmin (the company that headed the research), in an interview with RIA Novosti said that three cores 60, 30 and 20 in length were taken at a depth of 2-2.5 kilometers in the sea. see accordingly. I was engaged in the collection of these samples. According to other data, the work was carried out at a depth of 2.5-3 kilometers, in any case, this is significantly more than the submersion depth of conventional submarines.

Most likely, by 1988-1990, the working and technical projects of the submarine were created and approved. The development of these projects was carried out together with the layout of the placement of various equipment in the spherical compartments of the boat. In 1991, with almost completely finished blocks of a strong hull of the boat, according to the customer's specifications, the technical 10830 was adjusted. In particular, it was decided to place additional weapons in the bow of the boat, most likely, it was about specialized equipment. The revised technical design of the boat was presented and defended already in 1992.

According to the company's employees, in the case of Losharik, the procedure for launching the boat was carried out in the best traditions of the Soviet Union. The ceremony was attended only by representatives of the customer of the project, the developers of the unique submarine from "Malachite" and the specialists from "Sevmash" themselves, who were directly related to the construction of the boat. During the Soviet era, it was customary to remove finished submarines from factories at night. It was believed that in this way the Americans, firstly, would not be able to find out the exact number of nuclear submarines put into operation, and secondly, they would not be able to produce high-quality images of the new Soviet submarines from space.

At the same time, Sevmash specialists emphasize that by its appearance the new Russian submarine can say little to uninitiated people, by the appearance of Losharik it is difficult to judge the capabilities inherent in this submarine. Moreover, if we take those nuclear submarines that were created by the designers of the "Malachite", then we can conclude that Losharik is the most invulnerable and silent submarine in the entire Russian fleet... Most likely, at a certain speed, and more likely, at a depth, it is simply practically invulnerable, including for the hydroacoustics of enemy ships. Therefore, this submarine is able to solve the most difficult tasks in the entire water area of the world's oceans.

It is assumed that it is precisely because of the design features that the shipbuilders of the Severodvinsk enterprise "Sevmash" nicknamed this boat "Losharik" by analogy with one Soviet cartoon character - a horse that was assembled from separate balls. At the same time, the technical characteristics of the boat are classified. According to the information available in the public domain, the boat is up to 79 meters long. The total displacement of the boat is 2000 tons. The deep-water station, according to some sources, can dive to a depth of 6 thousand meters and develop a maximum speed of 30 knots.

It is believed that one of the spheres of the Losharik deep-water station is occupied by the E-17 nuclear reactor with a steam generating unit and a turbo-gear unit, the power of which on the shaft is 10-15 thousand hp. It is reported that the submarine is equipped with a single propeller in a special annular fairing. The station does not have any weapons, but at the same time it is equipped with a manipulator, telegrafeyr (bucket with a TV camera), dredge (rock cleaning system), as well as a hydrostatic tube. The crew of "Losharik" includes 25 people - all officers.

Carrier boat "Orenburg" in the place of permanent deployment, Olenya lip

The Losharik is underwater for several months.... At the same time, the deep-water station has compartments for crew rest, a galley and work rooms. In February 2012, the submarine underwent repairs and preparations for the cruise to the North Pole. In particular, it is reported that it was equipped with additional bathymetric equipment for seismic profiling of the seabed, including a side-scan sonar and a profiler - a special device used to measure the depth of sediments.

Especially for the deep-water station AS-12, the nuclear strategic "Kalmar" K-129 was also modified, which became the carrier of the deep-water station. All work on alteration of the submarine was carried out at the Zvezdochka shipyard from 1994 to 2002. In particular, all the silos for ballistic missiles were dismantled on the nuclear submarine, in addition to this, the structure of the submarine was strengthened, which now, according to unconfirmed information, can dive to a depth of 1 km. Deep-water station АС-12 is attached to the carrier from below... Currently, the K-129 submarine is part of the Russian Northern Fleet and bears the designation BS-136 "Orenburg".

At one time, it was the photographs of "Orenburg" that surfaced at the North Pole during the expedition "Arctic-2012" that were published in the press. At the same time, the appearance of "Losharik" is still classified, there are no reliable photographs of this deep-water station in the public domain. At the same time, it can be argued that none of the countries in the world have stations that would be similar to AS-12.

As part of the Arctic-2012 expedition, a project 10830 Kalitka Losharik deep-sea nuclear power plant was operating in underwater drilling operations on the Mendeleev shelf in the Arctic Ocean. The boat helped to adjust drilling operations from diesel-electric icebreakers Kapitan Dranitsyn and Dikson to determine the outer border of the Russian continental shelf

Northern part of the archipelago New earth c in the Arctic Ocean. Ramil Sitdikov / RIA Novosti

"The results of the expedition will form the basis of an application to the UN Commission on the Law of the Sea to confirm the continuation of the continental shelf of Russia, which was previously rejected for insufficient geological samples, and, accordingly, the priority right to develop shelf resources," an interlocutor from the Ministry of Defense told Izvestia. He added that now there is no question of "insufficient geological samples": for 20 days "Losharik" at a depth of up to 3 kilometers has collected more than 500 fragments of rocks.

In a titanium case and with a nuclear installation, the Losharik bathyscaphe is also equipped with manipulators, a dredge, a telegrab and a hydrostatic tube. Now "Losharik" is being prepared for maintenance in the 42nd workshop of the "Sevmash" plant, as the bathyscaphe received some damage, proving that the Lomonosov and Mendeleev ridges, which have oil and gas reserves in the amount of more than 5 billion tons of fuel equivalent, belong to the Russian Federation.

In Russia, in addition to Losharik, at a depth of 2-3 kilometers, only Mir deep-water stations, which are inferior to it with autonomy, can operate.

DATA FOR 2012 (standard replenishment)
Complex pr.10830 / 1083K, PLA pr.10831 / "pr.210 Losharik" - LOSHARIK
AS-12

Special nuclear submarine / nuclear-powered deep-water station 1 rank / deep-water technical means- a component of the project 1083K complex. The deep-sea nuclear submarine was designed by SPMBM Malakhit. Chief Designer - S.M. Bavilin (after 2001, probably Yu.M. Konovalov). The creation of a draft design of the second-generation complex of pr.10830 / pr.1083 with a deep-sea submarine pr.10831 and a launch vehicle of pr.09786 "Orenburg" (BS-136) was carried out using the experience of creating experimental complexes of pr.1851. After defending the draft design of the submarine pr.10830, the USSR Council of Ministers issued a Decree on the creation of the submarine pr.10831 with a strong polyspherical hull. R&D work was organized to develop the technology for manufacturing a strong polyspherical hull and monoblocks of lightweight aggregate, as well as to create equipment that completes the boat. Apparently, by 1988-1990. the technical and working projects of the boat were developed and approved. The development of projects was carried out simultaneously with the layout of the placement of equipment in the spherical compartments of the boat. In 1991, with almost ready-made blocks of the boat's solid hull, according to the customer's specifications, the technical project 10830 was corrected in terms of placing additional weapons in the bow of the boat (probably, special equipment systems). The revised technical project of Project 10830 / 1083K of the complex was presented and defended in May 1992.

Presumably drawing PLA AS-12 pr.10831 "Losharik" - LOSHARIK. Image processing from the commemorative certificate of diving during the expedition in September 2012 (published in the public domain on the website, processed by MilitaryRussia.Ru).

PLA-carrier BS-136 in the North Pole area, 09/27/2012 (published in the public domain on the website).

Presumably in the photo PLA pr.10831 AS-12 production number 01210 "Losharik" in Olenyaya Bay, Northern Fleet. Taken approximately in the winter of 2010-2011 and definitely not earlier than 2008 (photo edited, original taken here - published on August 21, 2011).

Presumably on the frame from the documentary video of the test of the submarine pr.10831, No. 01210 "Losharik" in Olenyaya Bay, Northern Fleet. Filmed approximately in 2007-2010. (http://militaryrussia.ru/forum).

The creation of a groundwork for the construction of a submarine of the project and preparation of production began at PO "Sevmash" apparently in 1988. The lead and so far the only boat of the project - AS-12 with serial number 01210 - was laid down in the "secret" shop №42 of PO "Sevmash" in the city of Sevmash. Severodvinsk on July 16, 1990. In the mid-1990s, due to a lack of funding, the construction of the boat was essentially frozen and, according to media reports, resumed only in 2000. The submarine was launched near workshop No. 42 of the Sevmash Production Association on August 5, 2003. The carrier submarine of Project 09786 BS-136 "Orenburg" was converted from SSBN Project 667BDR K-129 (the last in the series) in 1994-2002. at the Zvezdochka shipyard in Severodvinsk.

In the period from 2004 to 2007. Captain 1st Rank A.I. Oparin headed the factory, state and deep-sea tests of a special experimental submarine in the White, Barents, Norwegian and Greenland Seas. According to unconfirmed reports, the submarine completed the state test program by the fall of 2009. As of the beginning of 2010, it is possible that the Russian Navy has not yet been commissioned. In May 2010, some of the media reported that the Zvezdochka, KB Rubin, Malachite and Prometey specialists were awarded a state prize for the "experimental deep-sea order 1083K".

Presumably in the photo of the AS-12 submarine production number 01210 "Losharik" pr.10831. Olenya Guba, June 24, 2010 (http://vkontakte.ru).

PLA-carrier pr.09786 BS-136 "Orenburg" (second) in Olenyaya Guba. The first photo - 03/31/2005, the second - 03/19/2006 (photo - Den, http://fotki.yandex.ru).

PLA-carrier pr.09786 BS-136 "Orenburg" (second) in Olenyaya Guba. 26.08.2010 (http://4bos.net.ru).

In many sources, the name of the project number "210" is found, which is the abbreviated name of the order - the boat's serial number. Also in some sources it is reported that the code of the Losharik project is a spontaneous self-name and an unofficial name. In terms of sources, the submarine pr.10831 correlates with the name of NATO boats - NORSUB-5.

Design- the design of the PLA is probably made of titanium alloys and, possibly, some new materials. Strong polyspherical housing - i.e. consists of several compartments-spheres, interconnected by passages. One of the compartments is occupied by a nuclear power plant. The space between the spheres of the rugged body and the lightweight, streamlined body is filled with monoblocs of lightweight core.

Propulsion system- 1 nuclear reactor with a steam generating unit E-17 and TZA with a capacity of not more than 10,000 hp. development of the Design Bureau of Mechanical Engineering. I. Afrikantova (Nizhny Novgorod).

The nuclear power plant is probably located in one of the spherical blocks of the robust body, and thus the biological protection of the reactor is carried out, including using a layer of seawater.

Mechanics- propeller - 1 main propeller in an annular nozzle (presumably), several thrusters with electric motors.

Performance characteristics of the boat:
Crew - 25 officers

Length - 69 m (up to 79 m estimated)
Width - 7 m (?)
Draft - 5 m (?)
Displacement normal - 1390 t
Full displacement - 2000 t

Maximum immersion depth - up to 6000 m (not confirmed)
Submerged speed - 30 knots

Armament- absent

Equipment- conventional and special equipment to ensure the navigation of the submarine and the performance of tasks.

Presumably the view from the periscope PLA pr.10831 AS-12 No.01210 "Losharik" in Olenya Bay, Northern Fleet. The photo was taken approximately in 2010-2012. ( http://vk.com).

Status: Russia
- 2003 August 5 - submarine No. 01210, in the presence of the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy V. Kuroedov, was launched near workshop No. 42 of PO "Sevmash".

PLA BS-136 pr.09786 at the place of permanent deployment in Olenyaya Bay, May 24, 2006 (published in the public domain on the website).

- 2010 June-July - Submarine AS-12 pr.10831 is based in Olenya Guba.

2010 - according to unverified information, the AS-12 submarine was supposed to be taken over by the Russian Navy from the industry.

Registry PLA pr.10831 (version as of 10/26/2012, data on basing are tentative):

№ nn	Name	Project	Plant. №	Board No.	Plant	Bookmark date	Launch date	Date entered. into operation	Basing
1	AS-12	10831	01210	220 (2012)	PO "Sevmash"	16.07.1990	05.08.2003	2010?	29th brigade submarine Northern Fleet (military unit 13090), Olenya Guba (Snezhnogorsk-1)

According to Interfax-AVN, Losharik is also intended for special operations. It took so long to build the ship due to lack of funds in the 90s. Only in the last three years the money for the completion of the building has started to arrive regularly. By the way, in the early 90s, when the need for special operations at sea, in the opinion of the country's top leadership, disappeared, and the ship was already laid down, they tried to attract the Americans to finance the project. The Losharik would then become a purely rescue ship. But the American side refused to participate in the project.

The rest of the tactical and technical data of the new submarine is known only to a very narrow circle of specialists. However, after leaving the workshop, the secret submarine stood in the open for three days, despite the fact that American spy satellites constantly control the vast territory of Sevmash.

This is due to purely technological processes: the boat cannot be brought out of the workshop directly into the water. It needs to be prepared, which is why it was on the stocks for about three days, ”Acting Acting told Izvestia. Nikolay Bogdanov, Deputy General Director of Sevmash for Operations. - On Tuesday evening the boat was launched.

Employees of the enterprise claim that in the case of Losharik, the launching procedure was arranged in the best Soviet traditions. Only representatives of the customer were present, the developers of the submarine project from "Malakhit" and the specialists of "Sevmash" who were directly involved in the construction of the submarine.

In Soviet times, it was customary to take finished boats out of the workshop at night, ”a representative of the Russian Navy told Izvestia. - It was believed that in this way the Americans, firstly, would not be able to calculate the exact number of nuclear submarines put into operation, and secondly, they would not be able to make high-quality pictures of new ships from space.

True, the Sevmash specialists note that in terms of the appearance of the Losharik, nothing can be said about the capabilities of this submarine. However, if we take the nuclear submarines of other projects developed by the designers of the Malachite, then we can assume that the Losharik is the most silent and invulnerable submarine in the Russian fleet. Apparently, at a certain speed (and depth), it becomes practically invulnerable to the hydroacoustics of enemy ships and can perform assigned tasks unnoticed throughout the World Ocean.

Sources of:
Dubnitsky D.N. About Sergei Mikhailovich Bavilin. //

The Izvestia newspaper reports that the Ministry of Defense refused to comment on information about the construction of a new mini-submarine, citing the secrecy of the project, and the publication had to draw information from an unnamed "source in the military-industrial complex."

During the last cruise in the Arctic "Losharik" showed high autonomy and diving depth. It can be at great depths for a long time, therefore it is necessary for geological research and drilling operations on the deep-sea shelf. The new boat will at least not be inferior in efficiency, "- said the" source "and told about equipping the" loshariks "with manipulators for bottom work to research and collect the wreckage of sunken satellites, aircraft crashed in the ocean, sunken ships and the use of a mini-submarine for underwater reconnaissance ...

A senior naval officer familiar with the situation told the newspaper that the boat would be titanium. A new nuclear reactor for Losharik-2 is being made in top secret at one of the closed enterprises in Obninsk, Kaluga Region.

The Losharik-2 will be carried by the converted nuclear submarine Podmoskovye, which has been undergoing deep modernization at the Zvezdochka CS since 1998: the compartment for the Sineva intercontinental missiles has already been removed and is now being replaced by a docking station for the bathyscaphe.

Sources - http://www.ridus.ru/

Continuation:

This mysterious nuclear submarine got its name in honor of the hero of the Soviet cartoon - a toy horse, consisting of several spheres connected to each other. The construction of object 10831 began in 1988, launching took place on August 26, 1995. Despite the fact that a lot of time has passed since then, we know practically nothing about this submarine. Even her appearance was long time a secret (the first acceptable photograph of Object 10831 was accidentally taken by Top Gear journalists in 2015). We do not have accurate information about the underwater part of the Loshark and can build our hypotheses about it, only on the basis of a large number grainy photos.

Schematic diagram of the project 10831 nuclear submarine (c) www.hisutton.

DESIGN

The inner structure of the ship consists of several spheres connected to each other. Thanks to satellite images of the docks of Severomorsk, we can assume that Losharik consists of 7 spheres. Spheres are used in the creation of deep-sea vehicles because they withstand pressure much better than the cylinders used in the construction of conventional nuclear submarines. Despite the fact that "Losharik" is 70 meters long, its internal space is minimal, due to the spheres underlying the structure. There is an assumption that the total volume free space on a submarine it is 1000 cubic meters, inside of which there is a crew of 25 people and an isolated nuclear reactor. The titanium hull of the boat allows the station to dive to a depth of over 1000 meters. The maximum diving depth is unknown to us, but in 2012, during the Arctic voyage, the nuclear submarine sank to a depth of over 2000 meters.

The famous Top Gear photo. The journalists saluted the sailors, the sailors ignored the journalists.

SPHERES FROM NOSE TO FEED

1 sphere (bow) - Has a hatch. Probably the habitable sphere of the ship, since the sub has no torpedo tubes.

Sphere 2 - Located at the base of the superstructure. It is an access chamber that connects the bow spheres of the boat to the superstructure.

Sphere 3 - Possibly contains a periscope and a retractable antenna system.

Sphere 4 (center) - Found under the sub's attachment system. Possibly used at the time of the Losharik's docking to the BS-136 mother submarine.

Sphere 5 - Has a hatch on the main deck. Most likely used as a habitable space.

6 sphere - Probably, the nuclear reactor of the nuclear submarine is located here. There is an assumption that the boat does not have a direct transition from the 5th sphere to the 6th. It is possible that the upper part of the vessel above the sphere is removed to provide service work on the reactor.

Sphere 7 - Engine compartment. Electrical batteries and a standby diesel engine should be located here. Note that there is another hatch above the sphere, which proves the isolation of the 6th compartment.

Satellite image of Olenyaya Guba (c) www.hisutton.

NPS LOCATION

The likely base of the top-secret "Losharik" is Olenya Guba, a base located in hard to reach place Kola Peninsula. The dock in which "Losharik" stands (A) is located at coordinates (69 ° 12 "58" N, 33 ° 22 "42" E). Letter B designates an old, but operating submarine of project 1910 ("Sperm whale" class).

The carrier of "Losharik" is a special purpose nuclear submarine of Project 667 "Orenburg".

SUGGESTED SPECIFICATION

Ship: AS-12 (Serial number 210)
Class: Project 10831 (NATO: Norsub-5)
Laid down: 16 July 1990
Launched: August 26, 1995
Introduced into the Navy: 1997
Displacement: 2000 tons
Speed: 10-11 knots submerged (estimated)
Immersion depth: 1 km, according to Russian data up to 6 km.
Length: 70 meters
Propulsion system: 1 nuclear reactor E-17 with a capacity of 10-15 t.p.

Nuclear deep-water station of the 1st rank / special nuclear submarine / deep-water technical means (GTS) - a component of the project 1083K complex. The deep-water nuclear power plant was designed by SPMBM "Malakhit". Chief Designer - S.M. Bavilin (after 2001, probably Yu.M. Konovalov). The creation of a draft design of the second generation complex of pr.10830 / pr.1083 with a deep-water station pr.10831 and a PLA carrier pr.09786 "Orenburg" (BS-136) was carried out using the experience of creating experimental complexes. After defending the preliminary design of the AGS pr.10830, the USSR Council of Ministers issued a Decree on the creation of the AGS pr.10831 with a strong polyspherical body. R&D work was organized to develop the technology for manufacturing a strong polyspherical body and monoblocks of lightweight aggregate, as well as to create equipment that completes the station. Apparently, by 1988-1990. technical and working projects of the station were developed and approved. The development of projects was carried out simultaneously with the layout of the placement of equipment in the spherical compartments of the boat. In 1991, with almost ready-made blocks of the robust AGS hull, according to the customer's specifications, the technical project 10830 was corrected in terms of placing additional weapons (probably, special equipment systems) in the nose of the AGS. The revised technical project of Project 10830 / 1083K of the complex was presented and defended in May 1992.

The data contained in this article are hypothetical and approximate. All facts and data are either fictitious or based on open and unclassified sources of information (see below).

Presumably on the photo AGS pr.10831 AS-31 production number 01210 "Losharik". According to the source, the picture was taken in the area of Severodvinsk. The date of the photo is unknown - it is unlikely that earlier than 2005 and no later than the summer of 2014 (Top Gear magazine via http://forums.airbase.ru).

PLA BS-136 pr.09786 at the place of permanent deployment in Olenyaya Bay, photo probably 2010-2012. (from the Tor archive, http://tsushima.su/forums).

Presumably in the photo AGS pr.10831 AS-31 production number 01210 "Losharik" in Olenya Bay, Northern Fleet. Taken approximately in the winter of 2010-2011 and definitely not earlier than 2008 (photo edited, original taken here - published on August 21, 2011).

Presumably on the frame from the documentary video of testing the AGS AS-31 pr.10831 production number 01210 "Losharik" in Olenya Bay, Northern Fleet. Filmed approximately in 2007-2010. ().

The creation of a groundwork for the construction of a submarine of the project and preparation of production began at PO "Sevmash" apparently in 1988. The head and so far the only AGS of the project - AS-12 with serial number 01210 - was laid in the "secret" workshop №42 of PO "Sevmash" in the city of Severodvinsk on July 16, 1990. In the mid-1990s, due to a lack of funding, the construction of the station was essentially frozen and, according to media reports, resumed only in 2000. The station was launched near workshop No. 42 of PO "Sevmash" on August 5, 2003 The carrier submarine of Project 09786 BS-136 "Orenburg" was converted from SSBN Project 667BDR K-129 (the last in the series) in 1994-2002. at the Zvezdochka shipyard in Severodvinsk.

In the period from 2004 to 2007. Captain 1st Rank A.I. Oparin headed the factory, state and deep-sea tests of a special experimental submarine in the White, Barents, Norwegian and Greenland Seas. In 2006, the AGS pr.10831 was transferred to the Navy for tangential operation, and in 2008 it was adopted by the Navy ( ). According to unconfirmed reports, the station by the fall of 2009 completed the program of state tests. As of the beginning of 2010, it may not yet have been accepted into service by the Russian Navy. In May 2010, some of the media reported that the Zvezdochka, KB Rubin, Malachite and Prometey specialists were awarded a state prize for the "experimental deep-sea order 1083K".

Presumably on the photo AGS AS-31 production number 01210 "Losharik" pr.10831. Olenya Guba, June 24, 2010 (http://vkontakte.ru).

PLA-carrier pr.09786 BS-136 "Orenburg" (second) in Olenyaya Guba. The first photo - 03/31/2005, the second - 03/19/2006 (photo - Den, http://fotki.yandex.ru).

PLA-carrier pr.09786 BS-136 "Orenburg" (second) in Olenyaya Guba. 26.08.2010 (http://4bos.net.ru).

In many sources, the name of the project number "210" is found, which is the abbreviated name of the order - the boat's serial number. Also in some sources it is reported that the code of the Losharik project is a spontaneous self-name and an unofficial name. In terms of sources, AGS pr.10831 correlates with the name of NATO boats - NORSUB-5.

Design- the structure of the station is made, probably, of titanium alloys and, possibly, some new materials. Strong polyspherical housing - i.e. consists of several compartments-spheres, interconnected by passages. One of the compartments is occupied by a nuclear power plant. The space between the spheres of the rugged body and the lightweight, streamlined body is filled with monoblocs of lightweight core.

The presumptive appearance of AGS pr.10831 AS-31 - LOSHARIK (version of 01/09/2013, when copying the link to, the name "AS-12" in the figure is erroneous and corresponds to the views of 2013).

The nuclear power plant is probably located in one of the spherical blocks of the robust body, and thus the biological protection of the reactor is carried out, including using a layer of seawater.

Mechanics- propeller - 1 main propeller in an annular nozzle (presumably), several thrusters with electric motors.

TTX stations:
Crew - 25 officers

Length - 69 m (up to 79 m estimated)
Width - 7 m (?)
Draft - 5 m (?)
Displacement normal - 1390 t
Full displacement - 2000 t

Maximum immersion depth - up to 6000 m (not confirmed)
Submerged speed - 30 knots

Armament- absent

Equipment- conventional and special equipment to ensure the navigation of the submarine and the performance of tasks.

Presumably a view from the AGS pr.10831 AS-31 periscope, no. 01210 "Losharik" in Olenya Bay, Northern Fleet. Photo taken approximately in 2010-2012 ( http://vk.com).

Status: Russia
- 2003 August 5 - AGS No.01210, in the presence of the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy V.Kuroedov, was launched near workshop No.42 of PO "Sevmash".

- 2006 - GTS pr.10831 transferred to the Russian Navy for trial operation ( ist. - JSC SPMBM "Malachite". 2014 Annual Report).

PLA BS-136 pr.09786 at the place of permanent deployment in Olenyaya Bay, May 24, 2006 (published in the public domain on the website).

- 2008 - AGS pr.10831 adopted by the Russian Navy ( ist. - JSC SPMBM "Malachite". 2014 Annual Report).

2010 - according to unverified information, the AS-31 submarine was supposed to be taken over by the Russian Navy from the industry.

2012 September 27 - during the Sevmorgeo expedition, the carrier boat BS-136 of project 09786 with a deep-water station of the 1st rank AS-31 of project 10831 reached the North Pole. The Sevmorgeo expedition was carried out to clarify the high-latitude boundary of the continental shelf in the Arctic. Rock samples were taken to collect evidence that the Lomonosov and Mendeleev ridges belonged to the Russian continental shelf. The results are planned to be submitted to the UN Commission on the Law of the Sea in 2014. "During the expedition, we drilled three wells at a depth of 2-2.5 kilometers and took three cores (" pillars "of rock, which are removed by a drill - ed.). One core is 60 centimeters long, the second - 30, and the third - 20 centimeters A layer of silt at the bottom, reaching a thickness of five meters, interfered with unhindered access to solid rocks. " In part of the documents, the AS-31 deep-sea station is named BN-220 - "side number 220". The icebreaker "Dikson" also took part in the work of the expedition as a research vessel and the icebreaker "Captain Dranitsyn" as an icebreaker for research support (,