ON THE

Reflections at the front door (1858)

The very title of the poem ("Reflections ...") indicates the odic traditions of Lomonosov and Derzhavin. However, the traditions were rethought by Nekrasov, “high” Nekrasov's words are not unambiguous, as in Lomonosov's. In the text of the poem, one can clearly trace a roll-over with Derzhavin's ode "The Grandee". From the very first lines, the poet denounces false ceremoniality, “a parade of servility, a triumph of servility”:

Here is the main entrance.

On solemn days

Obsessed with a servile affliction

The whole city with some kind of fright

Drives up to the cherished doors;

Writing down your name and title,

Guests are leaving home

So deeply pleased with ourselves

What do you think - that is their calling!

And on ordinary days this lush entrance

Poor faces besieged:

Projectors, place finders

And an old man and a widow.

Unlike Derzhavin's ode (in which petitioners, including a widow, come to the nobleman), Nekrasov has peasant petitioners - a symbolic image of rural Russia. The poet paints the extreme poverty, grief and humiliation of the peasants. “The cross on the neck and blood on the feet” act as a symbol of suffering and asceticism. The doorman drives away the petitioners without accepting the "meager mite".

And they went, burning the sun,

Repeating: "God judge him!"

Spreading hopelessly hands

And as long as I could see them,

They walked bareheaded.

Then the poet introduces the reader into the chambers of a nobleman, immersed in bliss and luxury. In the poem itself, this part is separated, the size and rhyme change dramatically.

You, who thinks life is enviable

Delight in shameless flattery,

Red-headedness, gluttony, game, -

Awake!

The description of the nobleman's old age, his “Arcadian idyll” contrasts sharply with the general content of the work. The poet does not allow the nobleman to die in his homeland, to which he is not involved:

Lulled by gentle singing

Mediterranean waves - like a child

You will fall asleep surrounded by care

Dear and beloved family

(Waiting for your death with impatience).

Secretly cursed by the fatherland,

Exalted with loud praise! ..

The tense lyricism of the poem is resolved with a groan-song, in which a generalized image of the Russian land appears:

… native land,

Give me such a place

I have not seen such a corner

Where is your sower and keeper,

Wherever the Russian peasant moans!

At the culmination of the poem, the theme of the Volga appears - the eternal heroine of Russian folk songs:

Go out to the Volga: whose groan is heard

Over the great Russian river?

We call this moan a song -

Then the barge haulers go by the line.

Volga! Volga! .. In the spring full of water

You don't fill the fields like that

As the great tribulation of the people

Our land is overflowing, -

Where there are people, there is a groan ...

The poem ends with a painful question addressed to the people:

... Eh, heart!

What does your endless groan mean?

You will wake up full of strength

Or, obeying the law of destinies,

You have already done everything that you could -

Created a song like a moan

And he rested spiritually forever? ..

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Reflections at the front door

And the owner of luxurious chambers
I was still deeply embraced by sleep ...
You, who thinks life is enviable
Delight in shameless flattery,
Red-headedness, gluttony, game,
Awake! There is still pleasure:
Throw them away! their salvation is in you!
But happy are deaf to good ...

Heavenly thunders do not scare you,
And you hold the earthly in your hands,
And these people are unknown
Inexperienced grief in the hearts.

What is this crying sorrow to you,
What is this poor people to you?
Eternal holiday fast running
Life doesn't let you wake up.
And what for? Clickers with fun
You are calling for the people's good;
You will live without it with glory
And you will die with glory!
Serene Arcadian idyll
The old days will come.
Under the captivating skies of Sicily
In the fragrant shade of wood
Contemplating like the sun is purple
Plunging into the azure sea,
Stripes of his gold, -
Lulled by gentle singing
Mediterranean waves - like a child
You will fall asleep surrounded by care
Dear and beloved family
(Waiting impatiently for your death);
They will bring your remains to us,
To honor with a funeral feast,
And you will go to the grave ... hero,
Secretly cursed by the fatherland,
Exalted with loud praise! ..

However, why are we such a person
Worrying for small people?
Shouldn't we take out our grudge against them?
Safer ... even more fun
Look for consolation in something ...
It doesn't matter what the man will tolerate:
So providence guiding us
Pointed ... but he's used to it!
Behind the outpost, in a wretched tavern
The poor will drink everything to a ruble
And they will go, begging the road,
And they will groan ... Native land!
Give me such a place
I have not seen such a corner
Where is your sower and keeper,
Where would a Russian peasant not moan?
He moans through the fields, along the roads,
He groans in prisons, in prison,
In the mines, on an iron chain;
He groans under the barn, under the haystack,
Under a cart, spending the night in the steppe;
Moans in his own poor house,
I'm not happy with the light of God's sun;
Moans in every remote town
At the entrance to the courts and chambers.
Go out to the Volga: whose groan is heard
Over the great Russian river?
We call this moan a song -
Then the barge haulers are on the line! ..
Volga! Volga! .. In the spring full of water
You don't fill the fields like that
As the great tribulation of the people
Our land is overflowing, -
Where there are people, there is a groan ... Eh, heart!
What does your endless groan mean?
You will wake up full of strength
Or, obeying the law of destinies,
You have already done everything that you could, -
Created a song like a moan
And he rested spiritually forever? ..

Nikolai Nekrasov from childhood watched the injustice that reigned in society, and openly sympathized with the peasants. But he could not change anything, but with his lyrics he could inspire revolutionary-minded youth, draw attention to this problem, which had to be solved. Nikolay Nekrasov - wonderful poet, whose work is known, readable and in demand, was both during his lifetime and now, many years later. He boldly showed the problems of the Russian state and the inability of the authorities to solve these problems. But his main theme has always been the people.

A large number of poems, written under a strong impression, came out from the hands of the classic. Such was the work "Reflection at the Front Entrance", which was born within a few hours.

Reflections at the front door

Here is the main entrance. On solemn days
Obsessed with a servile affliction
The whole city with some kind of fright
Drives up to the cherished doors;
Writing down your name and title,
Guests are leaving home
So deeply pleased with ourselves
What do you think - that is their calling!
And on ordinary days this lush entrance
Poor faces besieged:
Projectors, place finders
And an old man and a widow.
From him and to him that and know in the morning
All couriers with papers are jumping.
Returning, another hums "tram-tram"
And some petitioners cry.
Once I saw the men came up here,
Village Russian people,
We prayed at the church and stood in the distance,
Hanging blond heads to the chest;
The doorman showed up. "Let it be," they say
With an expression of hope and anguish.
He looked at the guests: they were ugly to look at!
Tanned faces and hands
An Armenian girl is thin on the shoulders,
On a knapsack on bent backs,
Cross on my neck and blood on my feet
In homemade sandals shod
(You know, they wandered for a long time
From some distant provinces).
Someone shouted to the doorman: “Drive!
Ours does not like the ragged rabble! "
And the door slammed shut. After standing,
The pilgrims unleashed the koshl,
But the doorman did not let him in, without taking a meager contribution,
And they went, burning the sun,
Repeating: "God judge him!"
Spreading hopelessly hands
And as long as I could see them,
They walked bareheaded ...
And the owner of luxurious chambers
I was still deeply embraced by sleep ...
You, who thinks life is enviable
Delight in shameless flattery,
Red-headedness, gluttony, game,
Awake! There is still pleasure:
Throw them away! their salvation is in you!
But happy are deaf to good ...
Heavenly thunders do not scare you,
And you hold the earthly in your hands,
And these people are unknown
Inexperienced grief in the hearts.
What is this crying sorrow to you,
What is this poor people to you?
Eternal holiday fast running
Life doesn't let you wake up.
And what for? Clickers with fun
You are calling for the people's good;
You will live without it with glory
And you will die with glory!
Serene Arcadian idyll
The old days will come:
Under the captivating skies of Sicily
In the fragrant shade of wood
Contemplating like the sun is purple
Plunging into the azure sea,
Stripes of his gold, -
Lulled by gentle singing
Mediterranean waves - like a child
You will fall asleep surrounded by care
Dear and beloved family
(Waiting impatiently for your death);
They will bring your remains to us,
To honor with a funeral feast,
And you will go to the grave ... hero,
Secretly cursed by the fatherland,
Exalted with loud praise! ..
However, why are we such a person
Worrying for small people?
Shouldn't we take out our anger against them? -
Safer ... even more fun
Look for consolation in something ...
It doesn't matter what the peasant will tolerate;
So providence guiding us
Pointed ... but he's used to it!
Behind the outpost, in a wretched tavern
The poor will drink everything to a ruble
And they will go, begging the road,
And they will groan ... Native land!
Give me such a place
I have not seen such a corner
Where is your sower and keeper,
Where would a Russian peasant not moan?
He moans through the fields, along the roads,
He groans in prisons, in prison,
In the mines, on an iron chain;
He groans under the barn, under the haystack,
Under a cart, spending the night in the steppe;
Moans in his own poor house,
I'm not happy with the light of God's sun;
Moans in every remote town
At the entrance to the courts and chambers.
Go out to the Volga: whose groan is heard
Over the great Russian river?
We call this moan a song -
Then the barge haulers are on the line! ..
Volga! Volga! .. In the spring full of water
You don't fill the fields like that
As the great tribulation of the people
Our land is overflowing, -
Where there are people, there is a groan ... Eh, heart!
What does your endless groan mean?
You will wake up full of strength
Or, obeying the law of destinies,
You have already done everything that you could, -
Created a song like a moan
And he rested spiritually forever? ..

The history of the creation of the poem

According to the recollections of contemporaries, the poem "Reflection at the Front Entrance" was written at a time when Nikolai Alekseevich was in a blues. This is how Panaeva saw him, with whom he lived for more than ten years. She described this day in her memoirs, telling that the poet spent the whole day on the couch, without even getting up. He refused to eat and did not want to see anyone, so there was no reception that day.

Avdotya Panaeva recalled that, disturbed by the poet's behavior, the next day she woke up earlier than usual and decided to look out the window to see what the weather was like outside the window. The young woman saw peasants on the porch waiting for the front entrance opposite the poet's house to open. In this house lived Prince N. Muravyov, who at that time served as the Minister of State Property. Despite the rainy, damp and cloudy weather, the peasants sat on the steps of the front porch and waited patiently.

Most likely, they came here early in the morning, when dawn is just beginning to rise. From their dirty clothes it was easy to understand that they had come from afar. And they probably had only one goal - to submit a petition to the prince. The woman also saw how suddenly a doorman appeared on the steps, who began to sweep and drove them out into the street. And the peasants still did not leave: they hid behind the ledge of this entrance and, freezing, moving from foot to foot, getting wet to the thread, pressed against the wall, trying to hide from the rain, expecting that, perhaps, they would still be received, listened to , or at least take a petition.

Panaeva could not stand it and went to the poet to tell him this whole situation. When Nikolai Nekrasov approached the window, he saw how the peasants were driven away. The janitor and the summoned policeman pushed them in the back, trying to clear them of the entrance, and, in general, the courtyard as soon as possible. This greatly angered the poet, he began to pinch his mustache, as he did when he was very nervous, and pressed his lips tightly.

But he could not observe for a long time, so very soon he moved away from the window, and, thinking, again lay down on the sofa. And exactly two hours later, he read Avdotya his new poem, which was originally called "At the front entrance." Of course, the poet changed a lot in the picture that he saw in reality, and added fictional fiction to raise the themes of retribution and biblical and righteous judgment. Therefore, this poetic plot has a symbolic meaning for the author.

But the censorship could not miss such a poetic creation by Nekrasov, so it was simply rewritten for five years and passed from hand to hand, rewritten by hand. In 1860 it was published in one of the literary magazines, but without the author's indication. Herzen, who contributed to the printing of this Nekrasov poem, in his magazine "Kolokol", below the text of the verse, also wrote a note in which he said that poems are rare in their magazines, but

"There is no way not to place a poem."

The attitude of the author to his work

In his plot, the poet shows a simple and commonplace situation for that time, when the peasants became humiliated and insulted. The situation depicted by the author for the customs and orders of that time was commonplace and familiar to many contemporaries. But Nikolai Alekseevich turns it into a whole story, which is based on real and truthful facts.

The poet shows his attitude to the fact that the peasants, accustomed to humiliation, do not even try to protest. They, like the silent slaves, allow themselves to be bullied. And this habit of theirs also terrifies the poet.

Some readers may also consider in his plot the call to rebellion, which the poet, as a patriot of his beloved country and suffering people, created in such an interesting poetic form. And now, when his patience has reached a certain peak, he calls on his people to rebel against slavery and injustice.

The main idea that Nekrasov is trying to convey is that the people can neither break through, nor even stand at the front entrance.

You need to act differently.

Basic images and means of expression

The main image of the entire Nekrasov poem is, first of all, the author himself, whose voice sounds constantly, and the reader feels his attitude to everything that happens and to the problem he raises. But nevertheless, he does not name himself, and creates his image as if he were not speaking from himself, but as if hidden behind reality, behind those pictures of the world that he paints with the help of expressive means. In every detail, you can see the author who is trying to emphasize his attitude to reality.

The characters in the Nekrasov plot are different. Most of them are united by one thing - suffering and hero. The author divides all the petitioners who visit this front entrance into two groups: someone goes out singing something pleasant to themselves, and the second group of people usually goes out crying.

And after such a division, the second part of his story begins, where he immediately speaks directly about what once it was he, the poet Nikolai Nekrasov, who happened to see. With each new line in the plot, the voice of the author grows, who has become an involuntary witness of human grief and servility. And the poet's voice sounds strong and angry, since he feels himself not at all as a witness, but as a participant in all this.

It is enough to read the characteristics that the author gives to the peasants who came with a petition. They wait, do not ask for it, and when they are not accepted, then, having resigned themselves to this, obediently wander on. And soon the author takes the reader to those rooms where the peasants could not get. The writer shows the life of such an official who continues to humiliate the peasants, considering himself superior to them.

In the third part of the Nekrasov story, one can also hear the grief of the poet himself, who is indignant and protests against such an attitude towards the peasants. But how does an official feel who so easily drives the peasants away? And here the author uses expressive means to make his monologue more lively and visual:

⇒ Expression.
⇒Complex sentences.
⇒Rhetorical exclamations and questions.
⇒Dactylic rhyme.
⇒Alternation of anapests: three-way and four-way.
⇒ Conversational style.
⇒Antithesis.

Analysis of the poem

The author tries to show the contrast between the life of a well-fed official who is engaged in the fact that he is carried away by gambling, gluttony, constant lies and falsehood in everything, and a completely different opposite life among peasants who do not see anything good.

The life of a peasant is tragic, and prisons and jails are always ready for a peasant. The people are constantly oppressed, which is why they suffer so much. Such a strong people perish at the will of officials, whose generalized portrait is shown in the poem.

Nikolai Nekrasov is outraged by such a long patience of the common people. He tries to become their protector, because they themselves are not indignant and do not grumble. He urges the poet and the official to change their minds, to finally remember their duties, because his task is to serve for the good of the motherland and the people who live here. The author is outraged by the fact that in his beloved country such an order as lawlessness reigns, and hopes that all this will soon end.

But the author addresses not only the official, but also the people themselves, who are silent. He asks him how much more he can endure and when, finally, he will wake up and stop being filled with grief and suffering. After all, their terrible groan is heard throughout the country, and it is terrible and tragic.

The poet's indignation is so great, and the faith is so strong that the reader has no doubts that justice will prevail.

"REFLECTIONS AT THE FRONT ENTRANCE" Nikolay Nekrasov
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Here is the main entrance. On solemn days, Possessed by a servile affliction, The whole city with some kind of fright Drives up to the cherished doors; Having written down their name and title1, The guests are leaving home, So deeply pleased with themselves, What do you think - that is their calling! And on ordinary days this magnificent entrance is besieged by wretched faces: Projectors, seekers of places, And an elderly man, and a widow. From him and to him then and know in the morning All couriers with papers jump. Returning, another hums "tram-tram", And other supplicants cry. Once I saw the peasants came up here, Russian village people, Prayed at the church and stood in the distance, Hanging their blond heads to their chest; The doorman showed up. “Let it be,” they say With an expression of hope and anguish. He looked at the guests: they were ugly to look at! Tanned faces and hands, A thin little Armenian on the shoulders, On a knapsack on bent backs, Cross on the neck and blood on the legs, In homemade sandals shod (You know, they wandered for a long time From some distant provinces). Someone shouted to the doorman: "Drive away! Ours does not like the ragged rabble!" And the door slammed shut. After standing, the pilgrims untied the koshly, 2 But the doorman did not let go, without taking a meager mite, And they went, the sun of the palima, Repeating: "God judge him!" And the owner of luxurious chambers was still deeply enveloped in sleep ... You, who consider life an enviable rapture with shameless flattery, Draconianism, gluttony, play, Awake! There is also a pleasure: Turn them off! their salvation is in you! But the happy are deaf to the good ... The thunder of heaven does not frighten you, And you hold the earthly in your hands, And these unknown people carry Inescapable grief in their hearts. What is this crying grief to you, What is this poor people to you? Fast running Life does not give you an eternal holiday. And what for? Clickers3 You call the people's good for fun; Without it you will live with glory And you will die with glory! Of a serene Arcadian idyll4 The old days will come. Under the captivating sky of Sicily, In a fragrant tree shade, Contemplating how the purple sun Sinks into the azure sea, In stripes of its gold, - Lulled by the gentle singing of the Mediterranean wave, - like a child You will fall asleep, surrounded by the care of a dear and beloved family (Waiting for your death with impatience) ; They will bring your remains to us, To honor a funeral funeral feast, And you will go to the grave ... a hero, Secretly cursed by your fatherland, Exalted with loud praise! .. However, why are we such a person Disturbing for small people? Shouldn't we vent our anger against them? ”“ It's safer ... It's even more fun To look for consolation in something. .. It doesn't matter what the man will tolerate: So the providence leading us Has indicated ... but he's used to it! Behind the outpost, in a wretched tavern Poor peasants will drink everything to a ruble And go, begging the road, And groan ... Native land! Give me such a monastery, I have never seen such a corner, Where would your sower and keeper, Where would not a Russian peasant moan? He groans in the fields, along the roads, He groans in prisons, in prison, In the mines, on an iron chain; He groans under the barn, under the haystack, Under the cart, sleeping in the steppe; Moans in his own poor house, I'm not happy with the light of the sun of God; Moans in every remote town, At the entrance of ships and chambers. Go out to the Volga: whose groan is heard Above the great Russian river? We call this groan a song - That barge haulers are running along the line! .. Volga! Volga! .. In a spring full of water You do not flood the fields like that, As our land was overflowing with great grief of the people, - Where there are people, there is a groan ... Eh, heart! What does your endless groan mean? Will you wake up, full of strength, Or, obeying the law of fate, You have already done everything that you could, - Created a song like a groan, And rested spiritually forever? ... 1858 Notes The poem, according to Panaeva's recollections, “was written by Nekrasov, when he was in a blues. He lay then all day on the sofa, ate almost nothing and did not take anyone to him. [...] The next morning I got up early and, going to the window, became interested in the peasants sitting on the steps of the front porch staircase in the house where the Minister of State Property lived (MN Muravyov - V. Korovin). It was deep autumn, the morning was cold and rainy. In all likelihood, the peasants wanted to file some kind of petition and came to the house early in the morning. The doorman, sweeping the street, drove them away; they took refuge behind the ledge of the entrance and shifted from foot to foot, huddled against the wall and got wet in the rain. I went to Nekrasov and told him about the scene I had seen. He went to the window at the moment when the house janitors and the policeman were driving the peasants away, pushing them in the back. Nekrasov pursed his lips and nervously tweaked his mustache; then he quickly walked away from the window and lay down on the sofa again. Two hours later, he read me the poem "At the front door." Nekrasov completely reworked real life material, introducing themes of universal evil, biblical associations, motives of the highest court and retribution. All this gave the poem a generalized symbolic meaning. The idea of "salvation among the people" is combined with reflections on the tragic fate of the people. Many motives of the poem go back to the "satirical ode" of G. R. Derzhavin "The Noble", and the theme of the "groan" finds a correspondence with Pushkin in the poem "House in Kolomna" ("dull singing" is interpreted as an expression of the Russian national character). For five years, the poem could not appear in the Russian censored press and went from hand to hand in the lists. In 1860, it was published by Herzen in Kolokol without the author's signature, with a note: "We very rarely publish poetry, but there is no way not to place such a poem." The concluding lines (from the verse: "Give me such a monastery ...") became a student song. 1. Having written down your name and title ... - In holidays in the front houses, which belonged to nobles and high-ranking officials, special books were exhibited, in which visitors who were not allowed personally were signed. Back 2. Pilgrim - wanderer, traveler. Back 3. The Nutcracker - this is how writers who stood up for the interests of the people were contemptuously called in the philistine circle. Back 4. Arcadian idyll - here: carefree, happy life in the bosom of nature. Back

Krinitsyn A.B.

Nekrasov formulates his attitude towards the people most clearly and clearly in Reflections on the Main Entrance. This is a kind of creative manifesto of Nekrasov. If we try to analyze the genre of this poem, we will be forced to admit that we have never met this before. It is structured like a real accusatory speech. This is a work of oratory, and Nekrasov uses literally all the techniques of rhetoric (the art of eloquence). Its beginning is deliberately prosaic in its descriptive intonation: "Here is the main entrance ...", which rather refers to the realistic genre of the essay. Moreover, this front entrance really existed and was visible to Nekrasov from the windows of his apartment, which served at the same time as the editorial office of the Sovremennik magazine. But from the first lines it becomes clear that Nekrasov is important not so much the entrance itself, as the people who come to him, who are depicted sharply satirically:

Obsessed with a servile affliction

The whole city with some kind of fright

Drives up to the cherished doors;

Writing down your name and title,

Guests are leaving home

So deeply pleased with ourselves

What do you think - that is their calling!

Thus, Nekrasov makes a broad generalization: "the whole city" "drives up to the cherished doors." Front entrance appears before us as a symbol of the world of the rich and those in power, before whom the entire capital grovels slavishly. By the way, the house and the entrance, described by Nekrasov, belonged to Count Chernyshov, who earned notoriety in society for being the head of the Investigative Commission on the Decembrists' affairs, and handed down a strict guilty verdict to his relative, hoping to take possession of the property that remained after him. Hints that this person is odious (that is, hated by everyone) will later appear in the verse ("Secretly cursed by his fatherland, exalted with loud praise").

As an antithesis, the poor part of the city is immediately drawn:

And on ordinary days this lush entrance

Poor faces besieged:

Projectors, place finders

And an old man and a widow.

Then Nekrasov proceeds to present a specific episode: "Once I saw, men came here, village Russian people ...". The last two epithets seem superfluous at first glance: and it is so clear that since they are men, it means they are from the Russian countryside. But in this way Nekrasov expands his generalization: it turns out that in the person of these peasants, all peasant Russia approaches the entrance with a prayer for help and justice. In the appearance of the men and their behavior, Christian features are emphasized: poverty, gentleness, humility, gentleness. They are called "pilgrims", like wanderers to holy places, "sunburnt faces and hands" make you remember the hot sun of Jerusalem and the deserts, where the holy hermits retired ("And they went, the sun of a palima"). “The cross on the neck and blood on the feet” speaks of their martyrdom. Before approaching the entrance, they "prayed for the church." They pray to let them in "with an expression of hope and anguish," and when they are refused, they leave "with their heads uncovered," "repeating:" God judge him! " In the Christian understanding, under the guise of every beggar, Christ himself comes to a person and knocks at the door: “Behold, I stand at the door and knock: if anyone hears My voice and opens the door, I will come in to him and dine with him, and he with Me” (Rev. 3.20). In this way, Nekrasov wants to appeal to the Christian feelings of readers and awaken in their hearts pity for the unfortunate peasants.

In the second part, the poet abruptly changes his tone and turns with angry accusations to the "owner of luxurious chambers":

You, who thinks life is enviable

Delight in shameless flattery,

Red-headedness, gluttony, game,

Awake! There is still pleasure:

Throw them away! their salvation is in you!

But happy are deaf to good ...

To further shame the dignitary, the accusatory poet paints the pleasures and luxuries of his life, painting pictures of Sicily, the favorite medical resort in Europe at that time, where his "fast-running" life will come to an end:

Serene Arcadian idyll

The old days will come:

Under the captivating skies of Sicily

In the fragrant shade of wood

Contemplating like the sun is purple

Plunging into the azure sea,

Stripes of his gold, -

Lulled by gentle singing

Mediterranean waves - like a child

You will fall asleep ...

So Nekrasov unexpectedly resorts to the genre of idyll, which nothing foreshadowed in this poem, painting a beautiful Mediterranean landscape. Romantic epithets appear: "captivating", "affectionate", "fragrant", "purple", "azure". The content also corresponds to a special rhythm: Nekrasov combines masculine and dactylic rhymes [v], and sometimes additionally uses intonation hyphens, dividing one sentence between two lines: "Stripes of his gold, - Lulled by gentle singing - Mediterranean waves, - like a child - You will fall asleep ...", rocking us on the waves of poetic melody, as if on the waves of a warm sea. However, this beauty is deadly for the rich man - in the literal sense of the word, because we are talking about his death against the background of such a beautiful scenery:

You will fall asleep ... surrounded by care

Dear and beloved family

(Waiting impatiently for your death);

<...>And you will go to the grave ... hero,

Secretly cursed by the fatherland,

Exalted with loud praise! ..

Finally, the poet leaves the attention of the rich man and no longer turns to him, but to the readers, as if making sure that his heart still cannot be reached: "However, why are we Bothering such a person for small people?" and adopts the tone of a corrupt journalist, accustomed to hiding the problems and ulcers of society and writing about them condescendingly-derogatory:

... even more fun

Look for consolation in something ...

It doesn't matter what the man will tolerate:

So providence guiding us

Pointed ... but he's used to it!

Speaking on his own behalf, Nekrasov, in a mournful and sympathetic tone, draws the prospect of the genuine hardships and grievances of men who have left with nothing, which unfolds into an epic picture of people's suffering. The verse takes on a measured, stately movement of a drawn-out folk song. The former melodious alternation of dactyl and masculine rhymes is replaced by an alternation of masculine and feminine, which makes the verse firm and, as it were, "filled with strength." But this “strength” is inseparable from unbearable suffering: a groan becomes the key motive and general intonation of the song:

… Native land!

Give me such a place

I have not seen such a corner

Where is your sower and keeper,

Where would a Russian peasant not moan?

He moans through the fields, along the roads,

He groans in prisons, in prison,

In the mines, on an iron chain;

He groans under the barn, under the haystack,

Under a cart, spending the night in the steppe;

Moans in his own poor house,

I'm not happy with the light of God's sun;

Moans in every remote town

At the entrance to the courts and chambers.

The verb “groans” again and again sounds at the beginning of several lines (that is, it acts as an anaphora), moreover, its constituent sounds are repeated, “echoed” in neighboring words (“he groans ... in prison ... under a haystack). One gets the feeling that the same mournful cry is incessantly heard in all corners of the country. A peasant, so humiliated and powerless, appears as a "sower and keeper", the creative basis of life for the entire Russian land. It is spoken of in the singular, conventionally denoting a plurality - the entire Russian people (such a technique - singular instead of plural - is also rhetorical and is called synecdoche). Finally, in the Nekrasovskaya lyrics, the barge haulers, whose groan spreads over the entire Russian land, spreading "the great grief of the people", become a living embodiment of the people's suffering. Nekrasov turns to the Volga, making it at the same time a symbol of the land of the Russian, Russian folk element and at the same time of people's suffering:

Go out to the Volga: whose groan is heard

Over the great Russian river?

<...>Volga! Volga! .. In the spring full of water

You don't fill the fields like that

As the great tribulation of the people

Our land is overflowing ...

The word "groan" is repeated many times, to the point of exaggeration, and grows into an all-encompassing concept: a groan is heard throughout the Volga - "the great Russian river", characterizes the entire life of the Russian people. And the poet asks the last question, which hangs in the air, about the meaning of this groan, about the fate of the Russian people, and, accordingly, all of Russia.

Where there are people, there is a groan ... Eh, heart!

What does your endless groan mean?

You will wake up full of strength

Or, obeying the law of destinies,

All that you could, you have already done, -

Created a song like a moan

And he rested spiritually forever? ..

This question may seem rhetorical, it may seem overly politicized (like a call for an immediate uprising), but from our time perspective, we can only state that it really always remains relevant, that amazing humility by the "patience of an amazing people", the ability to endure unthinkable suffering in the very deed is its essential feature, which more than once turns out to be both saving and inhibiting the development of society and condemning it to apathy, decay and anarchy.

So, from the image of a certain front entrance, the poem grows to the breadth of the Volga expanses, all of Russia and its eternal questions. We can now define the genre of this poem as a pamphlet. This is a journalistic genre, a political article genre - a vivid, figurative presentation of one's political position, distinguished by its propaganda character and passionate rhetoric.

Another program poem for Nekrasov was "Railroad". Many researchers regard it as a poem. If "Reflections at the front entrance" we compared with the genre of a pamphlet, then to " Railroad»The designation of another journal genre - feuilleton - is just as applicable.

It would seem that the insignificant conversation on the train between the boy and his father-general leads the poet to "think" about the role of the people in Russia and about the attitude of the upper strata of society towards them.