Which noun belongs to the general gender. List of common nouns

Instruction

When determining the feminine gender of inanimate nouns, keep in mind that they have singular endings -а, -я (wall, will) and zero if the noun ends in soft sign(rye). For animate nouns, the defining feature is that they belong to female creatures (girl, cat). In order not to confuse feminine and masculine nouns at the end, substitute the pronoun “she, mine” for verification. For example, a song (she, mine).

Determine the masculine gender of nouns at the end of the form: zero for words ending in a consonant (house, table), -a, -ya - for animated nouns, male creatures (uncle, Seryozha). In order not to confuse the gender of nouns ending in a soft sign, also substitute the pronoun “he, mine” (stump, day) to check.

Determine nouns of the middle gender by the endings of the initial form -o, -e and by substituting the pronouns “it, mine” (field, window). Please note that the group of inflected nouns ending in -my also belongs to the neuter gender (tribe, seed, etc.). There are almost no animate nouns among neuter gender nouns, their number is very small (child, creature, animal).

Among nouns, several special groups stand out, the gender in which is difficult. These include nouns generic, indeclinable and compound words.
Match the meanings of common nouns with their belonging to female or male objects. For example, a girl is (feminine), a boy is a know-it-all (masculine). Common nouns include those that denote the qualities of people (glutton, ignorant, crybaby) or the name of persons by profession, position, occupation (Ivanov - architect Ivanov).

Keep in mind that the gender of indeclinable nouns is related to their animate / inanimate, specific / generic concept. For animate indeclinable nouns, determine gender by gender (monsieur, miss). Nouns that give names to animals, birds, are masculine (pony, kangaroo, cockatoo). Inanimate are usually neuter (, muffler). Exceptions are words whose gender is determined by association with generic names: kohlrabi - cabbage (feminine), Hindi - language (masculine), etc.

To determine the gender of indeclinable proper nouns denoting geographical names, select a generic concept (, city, river, etc.). For example, the city of Rio de Janeiro (masculine), the Gobi Desert (feminine).

The gender of complex abbreviated words (abbreviations) is determined by the gender of the leading word of the “deciphered” phrase: UN - United Nations, the leading word is “organization” (feminine).

note

Some nouns have variant forms of the gender. At the same time, some of them are equal (aviary - aviary, banknotes - banknote), and the rest have stylistic marks: hall - hall (obsolete form), giraffe - giraffe (obsolete form).

Helpful advice

For nouns that are used only in the plural form, the category of gender is not defined (whitewash, vice, weekdays).

Sources:

types of the Russian language

To determine the gender of nouns, you must first determine the word that answers the question who, what. This is a noun. In Russian, it can be masculine, feminine or neuter.

Instruction

Determine the gender of a noun by ending or final consonant. The masculine gender includes words with a consonant and -y. For example, a house, a loaf. Nouns ending in -а, -я, -я belong to the feminine gender. For example, cousin, . The neuter gender includes nouns ending in -o, -e, -e. For example, a window, a dress.

See if the given noun is an exception. These include nouns ending in -ь. Such nouns can be either feminine or masculine. So, the dictionary is masculine, and the word notebook is feminine.

Pay attention to the gender of animate nouns. These are nouns that mean living beings. These words are either feminine or masculine. The exceptions are the child, which belongs to the middle gender. For animate nouns, determine the gender either by the natural sex or animal, or by the ending of the noun. The elephant is a masculine noun and the monkey is a feminine noun.

Correctly determine the gender of nouns denoting professions. They are masculine and feminine. At the same time, most of the nouns denoting professions are masculine: doctor, engineer,.

Special attention give the gender of borrowed nouns. Nouns of a foreign language often have -i, -u, -yu, which are atypical for the Russian language. Such nouns do not change either in numbers or in cases. The masculine gender includes the names and names of cities and islands. Women's names and surnames, names of rivers and names of newspapers are classified as feminine. The neuter gender refers to the names of inanimate objects.

note

Nouns that start with a consonant and -y are always masculine.

Most nouns are feminine foreign origin end in -ia.
Nouns ending in the suffixes -onok, -enok are always masculine.

Sources:

"Grammar of the Russian language in illustrations", Pekhlivanova K.I., Lebedeva M.N., 1985.
how to determine the gender in Russian

Definition kind in Russian language is one of the most common tasks for people learning this language. In Russian language there are three kind- male, female and average. In addition, there is a common genus, the definition of which causes the greatest difficulty.

You will need

Ability to pick out endings various parts speeches

Instruction

Highlight the endings of adjectives and verbs that agree with the desired word. Most often, this is enough to determine. Put the verb in the past tense, and take the noun with the adjective in the nominative case. The best friend has come, the best friend has come, the new one has risen. These are examples of adjective and verb endings in masculine, feminine, and neuter.

Determine if the word you are looking for denotes a profession or occupation. Most of these words are formally masculine. For example, the new doctor said (o), the new doctor said (o); He is an excellent specialist, she is an excellent specialist. Please note that the names of some professions do not have a male form kind. For example, the word "ballerina" has only a feminine form. kind.

Remember that words like "klutzy, fidget, bully, ignorant, greedy, clever" and the like belong to the common gender. These words give emotional coloring to both the words of the male and the female. kind, and name the occupation of these persons.

remember, that kind abbreviations have a case of particular complexity. For abbreviations formed by adding parts of a word, determine the gender by the main word: new savings bank, high-quality organizational work. In the case when a word by adding sounds or letters (PTU, RAS), clear rules for determining kind no.

Form the gender of indeclinable nouns borrowed from other languages according to the following rule. If a noun denotes an object, then it belongs to the neuter gender (coat, scarf). If it stands for , then it refers to the masculine gender (chimpanzee). If it calls geographical feature, then refers to the gender of most words of this type in language(Mississippi Women's kind because it's a river). Do not forget that in each such case there are exceptions. Consult reputable dictionaries if you are in any doubt.

What is a genus

This is a permanent sign. So, if the number and case can change (for example, the words “cat” - singular and “cats” - plural), then the gender always remains the same. No matter how many cats we are talking about, this word is always feminine.
In plural nouns do not have this category. In this case, if a definition is necessary, the word should be put in singular. h.
Words that are not used in the singular (scissors, stretcher) have no gender.

How to determine

The easiest way to determine gender is by substituting pronouns. This is taught in school. For example:

Table, house, closet, chair - he is mine.
Dog, door, skirt, geranium - she's mine.
Butter, milk, plant, composition - it's mine.

Sometimes, over time, a word can change its gender, for example, the word "swan" was previously feminine, but now it is masculine.

Common gender

Let's get acquainted with examples of common nouns and consider what it is. There are a number of words that can be used in relation to a being of any gender:

Slut.
Muddler.
Crybaby.
Yabed.
Quiet.
Nerd.

From the context it becomes clear what kind in question. For example:

Tanya was a terrible crybaby and always solved the problem with tears.
Egor was a terrible crybaby and always solved the problem with tears.

The word "crybaby" is an example of a common noun.

Examples

There are a lot of words that fit into the category of "general nouns". Here are some examples of phrases:

Poor dog - poor Olga.
All-knowing Maxim - all-knowing Katerina.
Podliza (boy, girl).
Dirty (Vanya, Anya).
Glutton (cat, dog).

These are common words. Most often they have a pronounced emotional coloring, express the attitude of the speaker to the subject described by him.

Here are examples of sentences with common nouns:

The baby son constantly asked a lot of questions.
Pochemuchka Julia often baffled her parents.
Simpleton Kirill got into ridiculous situations so often that they were already tired of laughing at him.
This man went down in history as a regicide.

It can be seen from the examples that in their form such words resemble feminine nouns, this is indicated by the endings -a / ya, however, when combined, it is necessary to take into account what kind of word they depend on.

First example

Hard worker Petrov received the award. The word of the general gender "hard worker" characterizes a man, therefore it also applies to noun. male. The agreed definition should be chosen appropriate: "conscientious, executive hard worker."

Another example

Self-taught Aksenova has achieved significant success in scientific activity. Here "self-taught" describes a woman, so the word should be assigned to the feminine gender, the agreed definition would be: "talented, intelligent, hard-working self-taught."

Examples from texts

Here are examples of nouns of the general gender from Krylov's work "Elephant and Pug":

So crowds of onlookers followed the Elephant.
I can get into big trouble.

There are two words of the general gender here - "onlooker", "bully"; both first declension, plural.

In the fable "The Cat and the Cook" there is another example of a generic noun:

Oh you glutton! ah villain! -
Here the cook reproaches Vaska.

The word "glutton" of the general gender is used here.

Another example is from the Mirror and the Monkey fable:

Of my gossips, there are five or six such wimps.

And again we have an example of a generic noun.

How not to make a mistake

Often, without context, it becomes difficult to identify the gender of a common noun. For example:

Well, you are an upstart!
You are a loner, you do not know how to work in a team.

Words mean a qualitative characteristic of a person, but do not give an indication of his gender. If we supplement the examples with supporting words, the meaning will become clear:

Well, you're an upstart, Misha!
Katya, you are a loner, you do not know how to work in a team.

Thanks to the supporting words, we understand that in the first example the word "upstart" refers to a boy, therefore it is a masculine noun, and in the second - to a girl, therefore its gender is feminine.

Words of the general gender should be assigned to the masculine gender when they designate a male person, or to the feminine when they designate a female person.

Common Mistake

Often, schoolchildren can mistakenly take lexical units that denote professions as nouns of a common gender:

doctor;
Professor;
geologist;
archaeologist;
librarian;
paleontologist;
surgeon.

They can refer to both men and women, but their gender is always male: Dr. Ivanova, surgeon Smirnova. If it is necessary to coordinate the adjective with them, it should be remembered that they are combined with the masculine form: the talented surgeon Smirnova. The combination "talented surgeon Smirnova" would be a mistake.

Most of this vocabulary does not have a parallel feminine form, but sometimes in colloquial speech turns like “doctor Ivanov”, “librarian Savinova” can slip through, which are unacceptable in literary speech.

There are also feminine words in Russian, meaning the name of persons by profession: typist, ballerina. If it is necessary to designate a male person, descriptive phrases come to the rescue: ballet dancer.

proper names

As examples of nouns of a common gender, one can also cite proper names - indeclinable surnames of both Russian and foreign origin: Sidorenko, Vidnykh, Grodas.

Diminutive forms that can refer to people of both sexes also have a common gender: Sashenka, Shurochka, as well as abbreviated forms of names: Valya, Sasha.

Common noun groups

Based on the above material, three groups of general gender names can be distinguished:

Common nouns, in their form resembling feminine words, as indicated by the ending -a / ya: orphan, clumsy, rogue, sweet tooth. Most often they have a bright emotional coloring.
Diminutive proper names, referring to both boys and girls: Sanya, Valya, Zhenya.
Indeclinable surnames: Savchenko, Dumas, Sedykh.

It is important to use common nouns correctly in speech, but most often native speakers understand the meaning of the statement thanks to the supporting words or based on the general meaning of the dialogue.

Common nouns are a group of nouns that, depending on the context, can be both masculine and feminine nouns.

Among them can be both common nouns and proper names.

Examples of common nouns of a common gender: orphan, dirty, quiet, orphan. You can say both unfortunate orphanquot ;, and unhappy orphanquot ;.

Examples of proper names of the general gender are the names Sasha, Shura, Zhenya and others, which can be used both in relation to a woman and in relation to a man. This also includes foreign-language surnames ending in a vowel (for example: Morua) and some other surnames (for example, with the ending -YХ: Borzykh).

The gender of nouns in Russian is a lexical and grammatical category that directly refers to the totality of words of the masculine gender (TV), feminine gender (antenna), neuter gender (sun) and the so-called common gender (cry-baby, smart girl, egoza).

The last group of words includes many classic examples, when the noun looks like a feminine word, but can be correlated and semantically consistent with the words of various parts of speech that have forms of any of the genders.

for example.

Bully Petya now and then clashed with classmates.
Bully Masha constantly quarreled with neighborsquot ;.
The bully sun no longer allowed the last snow to lie quietly and made deep holes in nmquot ;.

Common nouns are words that cannot be used to determine which gender they belong to. But you can say something like this:

In the first context, the word moat" used as a masculine noun. And in the second context - as a feminine noun. It all depends on the meaning of the sentence and the entire text with a common noun included in it:

Rva Zina cried and cried. Rva - she is the rvaquot ;.
Ditch Kostya cried all day long. Rva - he is the rvaquot ;.

Some universal proper names (Zhenya, Sasha, Valya, Shura, Sima, Bondarenko, Krutykh, Longshanks). In the same group, you can include a number of words denoting professions (he is a doctor; she is a doctor; he is a janitor, she is a janitor).

But it should be noted that the last examples (with professions) are far from classical and in many cases erroneous. In the dictionary, the word doctorquot ;, for example, will appear with a litter about belonging to the masculine gender. Same with the janitor. Therefore, one can only say that such words sometimes take on some features nouns of the general gender, while not being such.

Common nouns in Russian are nouns that can be used both in the masculine and in the feminine, and both grammatically and in meaning are both a masculine noun and a feminine noun (and the middle one too). For example: smart girl, good fellow - these words are nouns of a common gender.

In Russian, nouns usually belong to one of three genders: masculine (city, young man, apprentice), feminine (matryshka, girl, nanny) and neuter (lake, crossroads, mumi). But among the nouns of the first declension with the ending -a highlight words generic, which have the meaning of masculine or feminine, depending on the context:

Confused Tom is always looking for a pen. Confused Kolya asked me for an elastic band.

In the first example, the word confused is feminine, as indicated woman's name, in the second it is masculine.

The words of the general gender traditionally include nouns: an orphan, a crybaby, a bully, a liar, a slob, a gourmand, a slut, a singer, a weirdo, a hack, a tramp, etc.

The general gender of nouns means that, depending on the neighboring words in the sentence, such nouns can become both masculine and feminine or neuter without changing the spelling.

Such words include a number of nouns, for example, crybaby, hard worker, Sasha, Valya, doctor, incognito, ignoramus, etc. Thus, such nouns are immediately visible to the naked eye, since it is impossible to say to which gender they specifically belong.

An example of using common nouns:

There are a lot of such nouns in Russian. Depending on the context in the sentence, they can either be feminine or masculine. And do not be confused by the typically feminine ending a or lack thereof in some cases.

Examples from professions: doctor, judge, cook, secretary, foreman, director.

Indeclinable surnames and abbreviated names: Sasha, Valya, Zhenya, Belykh, Chernenko, Sizykh.

Emotionally colored nouns that give some characterization of a person: a bully, a slob, a bungler, a hard worker, a clever one, a clumsy, a klutz, a swindler, a swindler, an ignoramus.

There are also immutable words, such as: vis-a-vis, incognito, protégé.

Noun examples generic In russian language:

sleepyhead, badass, bully, well done, smart, smart, slut, toady, mean, hard worker, orphan, baby, fidget.

These words can be used to refer to people of both sexes:

Sleepy cat. Peacock dormouse.

She is a slob. He's a slob.

There are such nouns in Russian that do not refer to either masculine or female gender. These are common nouns. Such nouns include, for example, words such as well done, bully, sleepyhead, sweetheart, ignorant, ignorant and others.

In Russian there is such an interesting concept as common nouns.

These are nouns that can be both masculine and feminine, depending on what kind of object they are associated with.

These nouns have 1 declension - that is, they end in A and on I.

They are used to denote the characteristics of the character of a creature.

For example, dirty, imagined, clean, etc.

These words can refer to any living beings whose behavior can be somehow characterized - that is, to people, animals ...

Examples

1) Masha is quiet with us!

What kind of quiet you are! mother said to her son.

2) I have a daughter - a crybaby! my friend complained

Ivan, so you, it turns out, are a crybaby! - Classmates laughed at the boy.

3) Katya, well, you are a sleepyhead! - said mom

Get up, sleepyhead! - the grandmother woke up the grandson.

Common nouns in Russian mean those nouns that can be equally well combined with both masculine and feminine words. It can be said that these are some kind of intermediate words. Example: Vanya is a sleepyhead; Tanya is a sleepyhead. WORD SONIA.

Also, these are such words as fidget, quiet, dirty, tramp.

Education

Examples of common nouns. What are common nouns?

January 11, 2018

What is a genus

This is a permanent sign. So, if the number and case can change (for example, the words “cat” - singular and “cats” - plural), then the gender always remains the same. No matter how many cats we are talking about, this word is always feminine.
In the plural of nouns, this category is not expressed. In this case, if a definition is necessary, the word should be put in singular. h.
Words that are not used in the singular (scissors, stretcher) have no gender.

How to determine

The easiest way to determine gender is by substituting pronouns. This is taught in school. For example:

Table, house, closet, chair - he is mine.
Dog, door, skirt, geranium - she's mine.
Butter, milk, plant, composition - it's mine.

Sometimes, over time, a word can change its gender, for example, the word "swan" was previously feminine, but now it is masculine.

Common gender

Let's get acquainted with examples of common nouns and consider what it is. There are a number of words that can be used in relation to a being of any gender:

Slut.
Muddler.
Crybaby.
Yabed.
Quiet.
Nerd.

From the context it becomes clear which kind is being referred to. For example:

Tanya was a terrible crybaby and always solved the problem with tears.
Egor was a terrible crybaby and always solved the problem with tears.

The word "crybaby" is an example of a common noun.

Examples

There are a lot of words that fit into the category of "general nouns". Here are some examples of phrases:

Poor dog - poor Olga.
All-knowing Maxim - all-knowing Katerina.
Podliza (boy, girl).
Dirty (Vanya, Anya).
Glutton (cat, dog).

These are common words. Most often they have a pronounced emotional coloring, express the attitude of the speaker to the subject described by him.

Here are examples of sentences with common nouns:

The baby son constantly asked a lot of questions.
Pochemuchka Julia often baffled her parents.
Simpleton Kirill got into ridiculous situations so often that they were already tired of laughing at him.
This man went down in history as a regicide.

First example

Another example

Self-taught Aksenova has achieved significant success in scientific activities. Here "self-taught" describes a woman, so the word should be assigned to the feminine gender, the agreed definition would be: "talented, intelligent, hard-working self-taught."

Examples from texts

Here are examples of nouns of the general gender from Krylov's work "Elephant and Pug":

So crowds of onlookers followed the Elephant.
I can get into big trouble.

There are two words of the general gender here - "onlooker", "bully"; both first declension, plural.

In the fable "The Cat and the Cook" there is another example of a generic noun:

Oh you glutton! ah villain! -
Here the cook reproaches Vaska.

The word "glutton" of the general gender is used here.

Another example is from the Mirror and the Monkey fable:

Of my gossips, there are five or six such wimps.

And again we have an example of a generic noun.

How not to make a mistake

Often, without context, it becomes difficult to identify the gender of a common noun. For example:

Well, you are an upstart!
You are a loner, you do not know how to work in a team.

Words mean a qualitative characteristic of a person, but do not give an indication of his gender. If we supplement the examples with supporting words, the meaning will become clear:

Well, you're an upstart, Misha!
Katya, you are a loner, you do not know how to work in a team.

Words of the general gender should be assigned to the masculine gender when they designate a male person, or to the feminine when they designate a female person.

Common Mistake

Often, schoolchildren can mistakenly take lexical units that denote professions as nouns of a common gender:

doctor;
Professor;
geologist;
archaeologist;
librarian;
paleontologist;
surgeon.

proper names

As examples of nouns of a common gender, one can also cite proper names - indeclinable surnames of both Russian and foreign origin: Sidorenko, Vidnykh, Grodas.

Diminutive forms that can refer to people of both sexes also have a common gender: Sashenka, Shurochka, as well as abbreviated forms of names: Valya, Sasha.

Common noun groups

Based on the above material, three groups of general gender names can be distinguished:

Common nouns, in their form resembling feminine words, as indicated by the ending -a / ya: orphan, clumsy, rogue, sweet tooth. Most often they have a bright emotional coloring.
Diminutive proper names, referring to both boys and girls: Sanya, Valya, Zhenya.
Indeclinable surnames: Savchenko, Dumas, Sedykh.

This class is made up animate nouns with face value. This term and the concept of common gender were introduced into grammar for the first time by M.V. Lomonosov: “Some names derived from verbs: crybaby, drunkard, hypocrite essence of the common genus. For the most part, these are words that are qualitative characteristic faces (most often negative): fidget, ignoramus, laughter, dirty, chatterbox, greedy, greedy, grimacing, crabby, bully, gulena, rogue etc.; these are expressive words.

General gender words must have an ending -and I. Similar nouns denote both male and female persons, i.e. their gender depends on the specific semantics of the word. All words dependent on these nouns agree in gender in semantics: our slut is our slob, my braggart is my braggart.

The composition of words of the general gender also includes a small group of diminutive names: Zhenya, Valya, Shura, Sasha.

A special group is made up of surnames of the type Hugo, Zola, Shevchenko, Belykh, Chavchavadze.

Words of the type snake, saw hat, fox etc., which in syntactic conditionality are used to name an expressive characteristic. Such words, denoting both male and female persons, do not change their gender, and in speech all words dependent on them agree with them formally, and not in meaning, as words of a general gender. Wed: round orphan - round orphan. But: Black Pearl has been removed from the field(about the football player Pele) (From the newspapers).

Also in Russian there are words with unmarked gender meaning. These are words that indicate both male and female. For example, in the class of masculine words there is a group of nouns that can denote both a male and a female person: teacher, philosopher, professor, engineer, boss, doctor, physician etc. This group is large and productive, it includes primarily nouns with the meaning of a person by profession, occupation.

In a number of cases, correlates are formed from such words (the correlate is a member of a pair of mutually conditioned, correlative language units) of the feminine gender, but in such a pair the masculine word acts as a general name for a person in a specialty, without indicating his gender: teacher is a teacher.

The feminine correlate to such nouns may be stylistically neutral ( teacher), but may be stylistically reduced ( boss - colloquial, doctor - vernacular). In speech practice, the gender of such nouns is expressed syntactically: The doctor came - The doctor came.

Another group of words with an unmarked meaning are nouns denoting animals, fish, birds, insects. This includes masculine nouns. mosquito, sable, thrush, carp etc.; feminine nouns chicken, pike, cuckoo, fly etc.

Which noun belongs to the general gender. List of common nouns

What is a genus

How to determine

Common gender

Examples

Examples from texts

How not to make a mistake

Common Mistake

proper names

Common noun groups

Examples of common nouns. What are common nouns?

What is a genus

How to determine

Related videos

Common gender

Examples

Examples from texts

How not to make a mistake

Common Mistake

proper names

Common noun groups