Designation of the power line support. Electricity main

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Self-healing networks come to Holland

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hybrid switch

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Types and designations of supports

Supports made of various materials can be used on overhead lines.

For overhead lines, the following types of supports should be used:

1) intermediate, installed on straight sections of the overhead line route. These supports in normal operating modes should not perceive the forces directed along the overhead line;

2) anchor, installed to limit the anchor span, as well as in places where the number, grades and cross sections of overhead lines change. These supports should perceive, in normal operating modes, the forces from the difference in the tension of the wires directed along the overhead line;

3) angular, installed in places where the direction of the overhead line changes direction. These supports, under normal operating conditions, must perceive the resulting load from the tension of the wires of adjacent spans. Corner supports can be intermediate and anchor type;

4) terminal, installed at the beginning and end of the overhead line, as well as in places limiting cable inserts. They are anchor-type supports and must perceive, in normal operating modes of overhead lines, the one-sided tension of all wires.

Depending on the number of chains suspended on them, the supports are divided into single-chain, double-chain and multi-chain.

Supports can be free-standing or with braces.

Intermediate supports can be of flexible and rigid construction; anchor supports must be rigid. It is allowed to use anchor supports of a flexible design for overhead lines up to 35 kV.

Supports on which branches from overhead lines are carried out are called branch; supports on which the intersection of overhead lines of different directions or the intersection of overhead lines with engineering structures, - cross. These supports can be of all the above types.

Support structures should provide the ability to install:

lamps street lighting all types;
end cable couplings;
protective devices;
sectioning and switching devices;
cabinets and shields for connecting electrical reception.

Support types

P - intermediate;

PP - transitional intermediate:

UE - angular intermediate:

A - anchor;

PA - transitional anchor;

AK - anchor end:

K - terminal:

UA - corner anchor;

PUA - transitional corner anchor;

AO - anchor branch;

POA - transitional anchor branch;

Oh - branch.

Nomenclature of reinforced concrete supports for 10 kV transmission lines

Support code

Number of racks per support

Rack code

Rack height, m

Height to the lower traverse, m

Volume of reinforced concrete, m

Mass of metal structures, kg

CB105-3.5; CB105

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education

Kazan State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering

Department of Geodesy

SELECTED SYMBOLS

Guidelines

To perform settlement and graphic work by students studying in the direction of "Construction".

Kazan-2012

Compiled by: V.S. Borovskikh, M.G. Ishmukhametova

Favorites conventional signs. Guidelines for the performance of settlement and graphic work by students of the 1st year of full-time education in the direction of "Construction". Methodological instructions correspond to the State General Educational Standard.

Kazan State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering.

Comp.: V.S.Borovskikh, M.G.Ishmukhametova

Kazan, 2012 - 17 p.

ill. 90, table 1

Reviewer: SNS, Associate Professor, PhD, Department of Astronomy, Kazan State University M.I. Shpekin

C Kazan State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering

In "Selected Conventional Signs for Topographic Plans at Scales 1:500 and 1:1000" ", the conventional signs of the most common contours and objects of the terrain are given. They need to be learned and known by students studying at the university. "Selected Conventional Signs" are used when performing calculation graphic work and during summer geodetic practice for drawing plans for theodolite, tacheometric surveys, leveling by squares.

To draw topographic plans and maps of smaller scales, conventional symbols are used, which, as a rule, are similar in appearance to conventional symbols for scales of 1:500 - 1:1000.

In the "Selected Conventional Signs" in the first column are serial numbers. Symbols are selected from the official publication "Symbols for topographic plans at scales 1:5000, 1:2000, 1:1000, 1:500" - M.: Nedra, 2002, approved by the GUGK of Russia. The second column contains the names of conventional signs and explanations for them, and the third - the image of various signs and their sizes. When drawing plans, the dimensions of the symbols must be observed, but not shown.

When drawing off-scale symbols, images of objects should be placed perpendicular to the southern frame of the plan.

The position of the object on the ground must correspond to the following points of the off-scale sign on the plan:

a) for signs of the correct form (circle, square, etc.) - the center of the sign;

b) for signs with a right angle at the base - the top of the corner;

c) for signs in the form of a perspective image of an object - the middle of the base of the sign.

To draw conventional signs on plans and maps, ink and watercolors of different colors are used. The colors are shown in the explanations of the symbols. If there are no such explanations, the symbols are depicted in black ink.

SELECTED SYMBOLS

for topographic plans

scales 1:1000, 1:500

	Name and characteristics of a topographic object	Symbol topographic object
	Points of the state geodetic network
	Points of the state geodetic network on the mounds
	Points of the state geodetic network on buildings
	Points of geodetic thickening networks and their numbers
	Leveling benchmarks and their numbers
	Leveling benchmarks and wall marks
	Leveling benchmarks ground construction long-term
	Temporary leveling benchmarks
	Intersections of coordinate lines ( in green)
	buildings: Residential fire-resistant: (brick, stone, concrete) 1) single deck; 2) above one floor
	Non-residential fire-resistant buildings: (brick, stone, concrete) 1) single deck; 2) above one floor
	Non-fire-resistant residential buildings: (wooden, adobe, etc.) 1) single deck; 2) above one floor
	Non-residential non-fire-resistant buildings (wooden, adobe, etc.) 1) single deck; 2) above one floor
	Buildings under construction
	Buildings destroyed and dilapidated
	Marking the height of the floor of the first floor (inside the contour); Ground mark on the corner of the house
	1) stone with domes of different heights; 2) wooden with one dome
	1) stone; 2) wooden	1)2)
	Small buildings: 1) individual garages; 2) toilets
	slopes: Unfortified (number 2,5 - slope height in meters)
	Unreinforced slopes (figure 102,5 - slope height in meters)
	Reinforced slopes (number 102,5 - slope height in meters; inscription - a way to strengthen)
	Open pit mining of solid minerals (quarries, etc. (figure - depth in meters)
	gas stations
	Electrical substations, transformer boxes, and their numbers
	Wells and wells combined with water towers
	Electric lamps on poles
	Inspection wells (hatches) of underground utilities: 1) without appointment; 2) on water supply networks; 3) on sewer networks; 4) on heating systems; 5) on gas pipelines
	Power lines (TL) in an undeveloped area (figures - truss heights in meters, voltage in kV, number of wires or cables): 1) high voltage power lines on reinforced concrete trusses; 2) high voltage power lines on metal trusses; 3) high voltage cable overhead power lines on reinforced concrete and wooden poles; 4) Low voltage power lines on metal and wooden poles	1) 2) 3) 4)
	Power lines (TL) in built-up area: 1) high voltage power lines on wooden farms; 2) high voltage power lines on poles; 3) high voltage cable overhead power lines on poles; 4) Low voltage power lines on wooden poles
	Pipelines: Ground ( G- gas pipeline, AT- water pipes, To- sewerage, H- oil pipelines; pipe material - bet., st. and etc.; figures - pipe diameter in millimeters): 1) ground on the ground; 2) on supports (numbers are the height of the supports in meters)
	Underground pipelines: 1) pipelines with inspection wells (numbers - numbers and elevations of wells; ch. 1.2- pipe laying depth); 2) pipelines laid side by side in one trench (numbers - the number of gaskets);
	Waste gratings
	Surface pipelines on supports (green wash)
	Pipelines on the bottom surface (green hillshade)
	Communication lines and technical means air wired controls (telephone, radio, television, etc.)
	Masts, towers, radio and television repeaters (numbers are their heights in meters)	1:1000 1:500
	Landfill (dashed lines brown)
	Construction sites
	Roads: 1) highways (covering material - concrete); cuvettes in green. 2) car roads with improved surface (asphalt); cuvettes in green.
	Roadways and sidewalks: laundering pink ; 1) carriageways of streets in the presence of side stone; 2) carriageways of streets without side stone; 3) sidewalks with a hard surface; 4) unpaved sidewalks
	Unpaved roads: 1) improved dirt roads; cuvettes in green. 2) dirt roads (field, forest, country roads);
	Roads in recesses (numbers are the depths of recesses in meters); cuvettes in green.
	Railways
	Narrow gauge railways (appointment and gauge in millimeters)
	Railways on embankments (figures - height of embankments in meters)
	Station tracks	1:1000
	Pedestrian bridges over railways(letters - bridge material)
	Horizontals (in brown): 1) thickened (through given interval section height); 2) basic; 3) semi-horizontal (half the height of the section); 4) quarter-horizontal (in 1/4 section height)	3)
	Slope direction indicators (bergstrokes)
	Height marks
	Ground cliffs (in brown): (numbers - depth in meters)
	Pits (numbers - depth in meters)
	Mounds (numbers - height in meters)
	Watercourses, coastlines and marks of water edges (height and date of measurement), Border of land and water in green, hillshade blue color.
	Streams (width not expressed in plan scale) in blue.
	Characteristics of watercourses: 2) width in meters (numerator), depth in meters and bottom soil (denominator)
	Bridges: 1) on a common span (metal - metal, stone - stone, reinforced concrete, reinforced concrete, numbers - load capacity in tons); 2) small wooden;
	Vegetation: Contours of vegetation, agricultural land, soil, etc.
	Characteristics of forest stands by composition: 1) deciduous; 2) coniferous; 3) mixed; according to qualitative data: 4) average height of trees in meters (numerator), average thickness of trunks in meters (denominator), average distance between trees in meters (number on the right), tree species
	Natural tall forests
	Young forest plantations (figure - average height in meters)
	Forest areas cut down
	Shrubs separate groups