The modal verbs shall and will. The modal verb shall (should)
We often hear from people with varying degrees of command of English that "Now shall not used, only Will. Shall now it can be found only in books published not later than the reign of Queen Victoria. "This idea is especially well taken on faith not by those who" themselves reached "it, but by those who were" enlightened. "I would like to immediately note that such" extreme " , in a linguistic sense, decisions, like making changes to the GRAMMAR, should not be made with full responsibility by persons who are not native speakers of the language under discussion. And "should they be made even by expert native speakers? We are not Taras Bulba - not we" language ", it is not for us to" kill "it.
Shall and Will are not just auxiliaries of the future tense. These are modal verbs, each with its own semantic load. The most obvious argument is Shall, and only Shall, used in sentences like: " Shall I open the window?", "Shall we start tomorrow?". As a future tense verb Shall Now Will is often replaced, in part this is due to the wide use of the identical short form of both verbs "ll", but ... everything is in order. semantic shades Shall- job title. And here is how these shades "work": to the question " Will you marry me?"the unfortunate one answers" Yes, I will". That is, through Will, he expresses his will, desire. And if he answers according to the rules." Yes, I shall"then it will be tantamount to" Yes, of course. I can't get out of it. "
Have Shall there are still some semantic shades that have now been used and are used in serious fiction, or in speech for stylistic purposes. But even this rarity in use does not mean at all that all this must be safely forgotten.
This is a bit contrary to generally accepted rules, but Shall can be used with second and third parties of the sole and plural, but only according to the "semantic rules":
You shall have a sweet = I "ll see that you get a sweet
He shan`t come here = I won’t let him pass here
They shall not pass = We won "t let them pass
Formal rules also use Shall:
Members shall enter the names of their guests in the book provided.
Yes, the English language today is an excellent assistant in making money, a professional tool, but ... Do not forget that any language is the key to a huge repository of cultural heritage, which is constantly being replenished. The tongue should be handled with the same care as a small kitten. This extremely complex organism was born long before us, lived and developed, lives and develops now, and should live and develop happily after us. And the responsibility for the disappearance and emergence grammatical forms, and other transformations, let's leave it to the natural evolution of the language.
And something else not quite related to English language, but to the topic under discussion. In French a rather complex system, more complicated than English, subjunctive and conditional moods. And one of these moods is so cumbersome that it is simply not used in speech or writing. It can only be found in some classic books. So, progressive French linguists-reformists spoke in favor of removing this impractical, unused rudiment from their language. They put it all to a national referendum, and most of the French were categorically against it, since they consider their language one of the greatest national treasures.
Lesson 3. Future Simple Tense - Future Simple Tense. Ways of expressing future tense (repetition) and their comparison with Future Simple. Suggestions and requests
In this lesson, we will take a closer look at Future Simple Time, and also compare it with other, previously considered, ways of expressing future tense. We will consider some cases of the use of Future Simple Time in colloquial speech.
Topic 1. Use of The Future Simple Tense. Difference between Shall and Will. Formation of affirmative and negative sentences. Short forms
For education all types of offers in Future Simple Tense, auxiliary verbs are used shall or will... Formally shall used with the first person singular (I) and plural (we). But in modern colloquial speech, almost only will... However, this trend does not mean at all that shall became an atavism, since it is indispensable in some interrogative sentences (to be discussed in topic 2) and has a very noticeable semantic potential, different from will... In literature, in newspapers shall and will are used according to grammar.
The main purpose of Future Simple Time is to designate an action that will take place in the future.
In the future tense, such temporary indicators as tomorrow, in two days, next week, etc. are used.
Affirmative sentences
Word order: on first the place is the subject; on the second- auxiliary; on the third place is a verb in the form of an infinitive without a particle to... An adverb may follow the auxiliary verb.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| I | shall / will | see | him | again | tomorrow |
| We | |||||
| She | will | go | there | next | Monday |
| He | |||||
| You | |||||
| They | |||||
| It | probably | rain | in the afternoon |
Abbreviations are often used in affirmative sentences. It is noteworthy that when using abbreviations, the need to choose between auxiliary verbs disappears, since only the same ending is taken from them -ll.
I "ll - He" ll - She "ll - We" ll - You "ll - They" ll - It "ll.
With help Future simple future intentions that arise at the time of making a decision are expressed.
The phone is ringing. - I "ll answer it.
Phone calls. - I will answer.
Will- it is also a noun that translates as "will, desire". This semantic load was fully transferred to the auxiliary verb of the same name. Therefore, there is a sense of determination in the sentence "I will help you".
Have shall there is no such "determination". Shall usually expresses actions in which the subject's desires are absent.
I shall be 30 next month.
The example of the following sentence clearly shows the semantic and stylistic difference between shall and will:
We will fight and we shall win.
Will here expresses the intention of the speaker, shall speaks of the inevitability of victory, "promises it."
Negative sentences
Negative sentences are formed by simply adding the negative particle not after the auxiliary verb. Very often abbreviations are used in negative sentences. Sometimes it is difficult to "decipher" these abbreviations if you haven’t seen them before.
So:
Won "t - will not
Shan`t [∫a: n t] - shall not
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
| Full form | Short form | |||||
| I | shall not | shan`t | be | here | next | Tuesday |
| We | ||||||
| She | will not | won "t | return | home | so soon | |
| He | ||||||
| You | ||||||
| They | ||||||
| It | happen | again | ||||
Note
Hello, friends! Well, you did not think that with the future tense and the verbs will / shall everything is so simple? It is definitely easier than higher mathematics(although, as anyone), but it is worth paying attention to some.
Unit 22, English Grammar in Use, R. Murphy
Will / Shall 2
If it is more pleasant for you to perceive audio / video material, then watch the video lesson on unit 22 English Grammar in Use, blue Murphy:
Make sure you have learned the lesson before moving on to this lesson.
Examples of
Diane is working next week. (not Diane will work) - Diane is working next week.
Are you going to watch television this evening? (not Will you watch) - Are you planning to watch TV this evening?
Usually, when we talk about the future, we are much more likely to talk about what * probably / maybe / probably * will happen, rather than that something is planned and 100% will happen. Humans are not robots; they cannot plan the future down to the smallest detail.
Situation:
Kate is doing an exam next week. Chris and Joe are talking about it. - Katya is going to the exam next week. Chris and Joe are talking about it.
Chris: Do you think kate will pass the exam? - Do you think Katya will pass the exam?
Joe: Yes, she’ll pass easily. - Yes Easy!
She’ll pass doesn’t mean “she made the decision to pass the exam easily”. Joe talks about his assumptions on this score.
When we make an assumption about the future, we use will / won’t in the sentence. (I hope you haven't forgotten that the place of these verbs before the predicate and after the subject)
Examples of
□ Jill has been away a long time. When she returns, she’ll find a lot of changes here. - Jill was leaving for for a long time... When she returns, she will find many changes.
□ ‘Where will you be this rime next year?’ ‘I’ll be in Japan.’ - Where will you be at this time in a year? - I'll be in China.
□ That plate is hot. If you touch it, you’ll burn yourself. - The plate is hot. If you touch her, you will burn yourself.
□ Tom won’t pass the exam. He hasn't studied hard enough. “Tom won't pass the exam. He didn't study much.
□ When will you get your exam results? - When do you think the exam results will be?
We often use Future Simple (and accordingly will / won’t verbs) with these words:
probably - probably I'll probably be home late.
I expect - I suspect I haven't seen Carol today. I suspect she'll call tonight.
I'm sure - I'm sure Don't worry about the exam. I'm sure you will hand it over.
I think - I think Do you think Sarah will like our present?
I don’t think - I don’t think I don’t think the exam will be difficult.
I wonder - I wonder I wonder what will happen.
After saying I hope (I hope) we usually use the present (conditional rules), but will is also possible.
Examples of
I hope, kate passes (will pass) the exam. - I hope Katya will pass the exam.
I hope it doesn’t rain tomorrow. “I hope it won't rain tomorrow.”
We usually use the future simple to talk about future events, but sometimes the will form is also used to talk about the present. In this case, will already works as a modal verb and conveys additional meaning. In the Jeanne case, it is an assumption about the present.
Don’t phone Ann. She’ll be busy. - Don't call Ana now. She's busy. (= she will be busy at this moment, i.e. now)
I shall / We shall
Remember that shall is usually used with I and WE. In modern grammar, shall is not used for the future. So use the I will / We will option.
In spoken English, the short version is I’ll / we’ll
We’ll probably go to Scotland. “We’ll probably go to Scotland.
The negative form with the word shall - shall not or shan’t
I shan’t (won’t) be here tomorrow. “I won't be here tomorrow.
Again, do not use shall with the pronouns he / she / it / you / they and their derivatives (words that can be replaced with these pronouns, for example, names). You may come across the option shall after these pronouns (remember the famous "You shall not pass!" From "The Lord of the Rings".) But this will be exclusively literary device to convey the color of the speech of the heroes.
Modal verb shall used to express future tense with pronouns I and we... It is also often used in questions with a proposal for action (for example: Shall we go? - Let's go to?). Shall often used to express a categorical promise. In formal English, the use of the verb shall to express the future tense often has a connotation of inevitability or predestination. Shall much more commonly used in British English. In American English, other forms are preferred, although sometimes shall it is still used in action sentences or in formal speech.
For instance:
Shall I help you?
Help to you? ( Expresses a proposal for action.)
I shall never forget where I came from.
I AM I will never forget where i come from. ( Expresses an emphatic promise.)
He shall become our next king.
He will become our next king. ( Expresses predestination.)
I "m afraid Mr. Smith shall become our new director.
I'm afraid Mr. Smith will become our new director. ( Expresses inevitability.)
Other examples of the modal verb shall
| Usage | Affirmative forms | Negative forms | Synonyms |
| shall to express future tense (Used in British English.) |
I shall be replaced by someone from the New York office. Me will replace the person from the New York office. I shall be there by 8:00. |
I shall not be replaced after all. It turns out I'm nobody will not replace. I shall not be there. I have a previous obligation. |
will |
| shall in the sense of a sentence of action |
Shall we begin dinner? Let's start lunch? Shall we move into the living room? |
should | |
| shall meaning a promise (Used in British English.) |
I shall take care of everything for you. I'm about everything take care For you. I shall make the travel arrangements... There "s no need to worry. |
I shall never forget you. I love you I will never forget. I shall never give up the fight for freedom. |
will |
| shall in the sense of inevitability (Used in British English.) |
Man shall explore the distant regions of the universe. Person will investigate far corners of space. We shall overcome oppression. |
Man shall never give up the exploration of the universe. Person will never stop explore space. He shall not be held back. |
