How Stalin dealt with the Chechens. Deportation

On the night of February 24, 1944, Operation Lentil began - a mass expulsion of Chechens and Ingush from North Caucasus, which became one of the most serious crimes of the Stalinist regime.

Desertion

Until 1938, Chechens were not systematically conscripted into the army; the annual conscription was no more than 300-400 people. From 1938, the conscription was significantly increased. In 1940-41 it was carried out in full compliance with the law "On universal military service", but the results were disappointing. During the additional mobilization in October 1941 of persons born in 1922, out of 4733 conscripts, 362 people avoided appearing at recruiting stations. By the decision of the State Defense Committee, in the period from December 1941 to January 1942, the 114th national division was formed from the indigenous population in the ChI ASSR from the indigenous population. As of the end of March 1942, 850 people managed to defect from it. The second mass mobilization in Chechen-Ingushetia began on March 17, 1942 and was supposed to end on the 25th. The number of persons to be mobilized was 14,577 people. However, by the appointed time, only 4,887 were mobilized, of which only 4,395 were sent to military units, that is, 30% of the assignment. In this regard, the mobilization period was extended until April 5, but the number of mobilized people increased only to 5,543 people.

Uprisings

The policy of the Soviet government, above all collectivization Agriculture, caused massive discontent in the North Caucasus, which repeatedly resulted in armed uprisings.

From the moment of the establishment of Soviet power in the North Caucasus to the beginning of the Great patriotic war only on the territory of Checheno-Ingushetia there were 12 major anti-Soviet armed uprisings, in which from 500 to 5000 people participated.

But to speak, as was done for many years in party and KGB documents, about the "almost universal participation" of Chechens and Ingush in anti-Soviet gangs, of course, is absolutely groundless.

OPKB and ChGNSPO

In January 1942, the "Special Party of Caucasian Brothers" (OPKB) was created, uniting representatives of 11 peoples of the Caucasus (but operating mainly in Checheno-Ingushetia).

The program documents of the OPKB set the goal of combating "Bolshevik barbarism and Russian despotism." On the coat of arms of the party were depicted fighters for the liberation of the Caucasus, one of whom hit a poisonous snake, and the other cut the throat of a pig with a saber.

Later, Israilov renamed his organization the National Socialist Party of the Caucasian Brothers (NSPKB).

According to the NKVD, the number of this organization reached five thousand people. Another large anti-Soviet group on the territory of Chechen-Ingushetia was the Chechen-Gorsk National Socialist Underground Organization (CHGNSPO), created in November 1941, under the leadership of Mayrbek Sheripov. Before the war, Sheripov was the chairman of the Lespromsovet of the ChI ASSR, in the fall of 1941 he opposed the Soviet power and managed to unite the detachments operating on the territory of the Shatoevsky, Cheberloevsky and part of the Itum-Kalinsky districts under his command.

In the first half of 1942, Sheripov wrote the CHGNSPO program, in which he outlined his ideological platform, goals and objectives. Mayrbek Sheripov, like Israilov, proclaimed himself an ideological fighter against Soviet power and Russian despotism. But in the circle of his loved ones, he did not hide that he was driven by pragmatic calculation, and the ideals of the struggle for the freedom of the Caucasus are only declarative in nature. Before leaving for the mountains, Sharipov openly declared to his supporters: "My brother, Sheripov Aslanbek, foresaw the overthrow of the tsar in 1917, so he began to fight on the side of the Bolsheviks. I also know that Soviet power has come to an end, so I want to meet Germany halfway."

"Lentils"

On the night of February 24, 1944, the NKVD troops surrounded settlements with tanks and trucks, blocking all exits. Beria reported to Stalin about the start of Operation Lentil.

The resettlement began at dawn on 23 February. By lunchtime, more than 90 thousand people were put into freight cars. As Beria reported, there was almost no resistance, and if it did arise, the instigators were shot on the spot.

On February 25, Beria sent a new report: "The deportation is proceeding normally." 352,647 people embarked on 86 trains and were sent to their destination. Chechens who fled to the forest or mountains were captured by the NKVD troops and were shot. In the course of this operation, monstrous scenes took place. The Chekists drove the residents of the aul Khaibakh into the stables and set them on fire. More than 700 people were burned to death. The settlers were allowed to take with them 500 kilograms of cargo per family.

The special settlers had to hand over their livestock and grain - in exchange they received livestock and grain from the local authorities at their new place of residence. There were 45 people in each carriage (for comparison, the Germans were allowed to take a ton of property during deportation, and there were 40 people in the carriage without personal belongings). The party nomenklatura and the Muslim elite rode in the last echelon, which consisted of normal carriages.

Heroes

The obvious exaggeration of the Stalinist measures is obvious today. Thousands of Chechens and Ingush gave their lives at the front, were awarded orders and medals for military exploits. Machine gunner Khanpasha Nuradilov was posthumously awarded the title of Hero Soviet Union... A Chechen-Ingush cavalry regiment under the command of Major Visaitov reached the Elbe. The title of Hero, to which he was introduced, was awarded to him only in 1989.

Sniper Abukhadzhi Idrisov destroyed 349 fascists Sergeant Idrisov was awarded the Orders of the Red Banner and the Red Star, he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

The Chechen sniper Akhmat Magomadov became famous in the battles near Leningrad, where he was called "the fighter of the German invaders." He has more than 90 Germans on his account.

Khanpasha Nuradilov at the fronts destroyed 920 fascists, captured 7 enemy machine guns and personally took 12 fascists prisoner. For military exploits Nuradilov was awarded the Orders of the Red Star and the Red Banner. In April 1943 he was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. During the war years, 10 Vainakhs became Heroes of the Soviet Union. The war killed 2,300 Chechens and Ingush. It should be noted: servicemen - Chechens and Ingush, representatives of other peoples repressed in 1944 - were recalled from the front to the labor armies, and at the end of the war they, the "victorious soldiers", were sent into exile.

In a new place

The attitude towards the special settlers in 1944-1945 in the places of settlement and at work was not easy and was characterized by injustice and numerous violations of their rights by the local authorities. These violations were expressed in relation to the accrual wages, in the refusal to issue bonuses for labor. The work to improve the economic structure was hampered by bureaucratic delays. According to the data of the North Kazakhstan regional department of economic arrangement, as of January 1, 1946, there were special settlers from the North Caucasus in the region: “there were 3637 Chechen families, or 14,766 people, 1234 Ingush families, or 5366 people, there were 4871 families of special settlers in the region, or 20132 people.

Return

In 1957, the peoples of the North Caucasus were able to return to their homeland. The return took place in difficult conditions; not everyone wanted to give their houses and households to the "old-timers". Armed clashes broke out every now and then. The forced resettlement of Chechens and Ingush inflicted not only enormous human losses and material damage on them, but also had negative consequences on the national consciousness of these peoples. We can say that the deportation of 1944 became one of the reasons for the Chechen wars.

I have long wanted to write my vision of such an event as the forced eviction (deportation) of some peoples of the North Caucasus. Moreover, tomorrow will be the next 72nd anniversary of the deportation of the Chechen people.

Almost everyone knows about the fact of resettlement of Chechens, Crimean Tatars, Kalmyks, Karachais and Ingush, but the real reason for this deportation is practically unknown. But everyone has seen such pictures ...

So, why in 1943-44. Chechens, Ingush, Balkars, Karachais, Crimean Tatars and Kalmyks were deported and taken out of their homes. And why did this not affect the Ossetians and the peoples of Dagestan?

Why Stalin evicted the Chechens

Strange, but often there is such an opinion that the bloodthirsty tyrant Stalin decided to take revenge on the highlanders, for their hospitable meeting of the Germans and after the liberation of the Caucasus from the Nazi troops, he gave the order to evict the Caucasians and Kalmyks by force.

Oral stories persist about how the Chechen elders allegedly presented Hitler with a handsome white stallion. As a child, I myself heard a lot of similar stories about how Chechens rejoiced at the arrival of the Germans, for which they paid by eviction.

They say that the bloodthirsty despot Stalin ordered his no less bloodthirsty henchman Larentiy Beria to drive everyone into cattle wagons and take them to Siberia and Kazakhstan.

And these mythical justifications are quite suitable for contemporaries who did not live in that era and do not understand the situation, as well as people with a disturbed cause-and-effect part.

Those who have not forgotten how to think with their own heads and know at least a little the history and situation of those years will not argue that Stalin was a very practical statesman.

And he wanted to end the war as quickly as possible, not only because he was tired of it, but because. that at any moment the balance of power could change, he knew 100% that the Germans were one step away (!!) from creation atomic bomb(as well as the Americans), production of jet fighters began in Germany already then ...

In 1943 - 1944. there were stubborn bloody battles in the territory of Ukraine and Belarus .. every soldier was counted! Every carriage that brought replenishment and ammunition to the front, so really, Stalin, out of personal revenge, pulled an army of 100,000 people from the fronts, including 19,000 SMERShevites, put them in carriages and sent them to the North Caucasus to amuse his pride and to "take revenge" on the Chechens and Karachais ?!

This can only be invented by the children and grandchildren of the Trotskyists, whom Stalin destroyed without pity in the 30s and who still take revenge on him when he is dead and compose fables about his illiteracy and incompetence!

By the way, can you imagine how many wagons were required for such a number of soldiers with all the weapons ?! And then it took about two hundred trains with deported citizens, who were transported not 100 kilometers, but thousands of kilometers to Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Komi !!

And this is just for revenge? Bullshit!

And this nonsense was believed by the duped citizens who were subjected to mass processing by liberal writers and historians, those who, since the time of the scoundrel Khrushchev, have destroyed and forged documents in the archives in order to accuse Stalin of all mortal sins.

Yes. He was not an angel. But he really wanted to win that terrible war as soon as possible, so the sending of 100,000 soldiers and officers to the Caucasus should be viewed exclusively from this logic.

Deportation of the Chechen people

So why was it necessary to disrupt the army, and not only with rifles and machine guns, but also with machine guns and cannons .. was there a logical basis for such a special operation called "Lentils"?

Yes. Unfortunately there were good reasons for such a forced migration of peoples. Even not just weighty, but reinforced concrete!

After all, in the rear, an operation was planned to destroy the Grozny oil fields, and if the Baku ones were lucky, as a result, the army would have completely lost fuel, which means that tanks with planes would be immobilized! Then there was nowhere to take gasoline and diesel fuel!

And how, for their part, our British "allies" deprived us of the oil fields of Romania, bombing Ploiesti as soon as the Red Army approached him, this is generally a classic of cynicism and betrayal.

How the operation was prepared for the anti-Soviet uprising and the destruction of oil production, as well as about German saboteurs and gangs in Chechnya here
How Chechen gangs collaborated with the Nazis
http: //www..html

On the night of February 24, 1944, Operation "Lentil" began - a massive expulsion of Chechens and Ingush from the North Caucasus, which became one of the most serious crimes of the Stalinist regime.

Desertion

Uprisings

The policy of the Soviet government, primarily the collectivization of agriculture, caused massive discontent in the North Caucasus, which repeatedly resulted in armed uprisings.

From the moment of the establishment of Soviet power in the North Caucasus and until the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, 12 large anti-Soviet armed uprisings took place on the territory of Checheno-Ingushetia alone, in which from 500 to 5000 people participated.

But to speak, as was done for many years in party and KGB documents, about the "almost universal participation" of Chechens and Ingush in anti-Soviet gangs, of course, is absolutely groundless.

OPKB and ChGNSPO

In January 1942, the "Special Party of Caucasian Brothers" (OPKB) was created, uniting representatives of 11 peoples of the Caucasus (but operating mainly in Checheno-Ingushetia).

Later, Israilov renamed his organization the National Socialist Party of the Caucasian Brothers (NSPKB).

"Lentils"

On the night of February 24, 1944, the NKVD troops surrounded settlements with tanks and trucks, blocking all exits. Beria reported to Stalin about the start of Operation Lentil.

Heroes

The obvious exaggeration of the Stalinist measures is obvious today. Thousands of Chechens and Ingush gave their lives at the front, were awarded orders and medals for military exploits. Machine gunner Khanpasha Nuradilov was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. A Chechen-Ingush cavalry regiment under the command of Major Visaitov reached the Elbe. The title of Hero, to which he was introduced, was awarded to him only in 1989.

Sniper Abukhadzhi Idrisov killed 349 fascists, Sergeant Idrisov was awarded the Orders of the Red Banner and the Red Star, he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

The Chechen sniper Akhmat Magomadov became famous in the battles near Leningrad, where he was called "the fighter of the German invaders." He has more than 90 Germans on his account.

In a new place

The attitude towards the special settlers in 1944-1945 in the places of settlement and at work was not easy and was characterized by injustice and numerous violations of their rights by the local authorities. These violations were expressed in relation to the calculation of wages, in the refusal to issue bonuses for labor. The work to improve the economic structure was hampered by bureaucratic delays. According to the data of the North Kazakhstan regional department of economic arrangement, as of January 1, 1946, there were special settlers from the North Caucasus in the region: “there were 3637 Chechen families, or 14,766 people, 1234 Ingush families, or 5366 people, there were 4871 families of special settlers in the region, or 20132 people.

Return

After the devastating winter of 1941-1942. The German leadership decided to stake on a number of non-Russian peoples, opposing them to the Russians, playing them off and trying to create something similar to a civil (interethnic) war. Now these peoples are demanding an official apology from Russia (or rather from the Russian people) for deportation, recognition of the genocide, and payment of monetary compensation.

But let's try to figure out why, he was not a Russian himself, the Caucasian Stalin in 1944 deported the Chechens, the Ingush (“the population bordering on Chechen-Ingushetia reacted approvingly to the eviction of Chechens and Ingush”, Dagestanis and Ossetians were involved in the eviction) and Crimean Tatars ( “It is characteristic that the Crimean Slavs perceived this fact with understanding and approval”)? Why did more than 100 nations and nationalities live in the USSR and only these were deported en masse?
On this score, a myth is widely spread today, launched back in the days of Khrushchev and happily picked up by the current liberals, there were no objective reasons for eviction at all. Chechens, Yingushi and Red Tatars fought bravely at the front and worked hard in the rear, but as a result they became innocent victims of Stalin's tyranny: "Stalin hoped to curb small peoples in order to finally break their desire for independence and strengthen his empire."

For some reason, all these liberals keep silent about such a fact as, for example, the deportation of the Japanese to the United States - the forced transfer of about 120 thousand people to special camps. (of which 62% were American citizens) from the west coast of the United States during World War II. About 10 thousand were able to move to other parts of the country, the remaining 110 thousand were imprisoned in camps, officially called "military centers of displacement." In many publications, these camps are called concentration camps.

NORTH CAUCASIAN LEGION
A few words should be said about the Chechens and Ingush who were evicted by the Soviet government in 1944. The highlanders greeted the German troops with joy, presented Hitler with a golden harness - "Allah is above us - Hitler is with us."
When the Germans approached the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, these peoples began to behave openly treacherously - mass desertion from the Red Army began, draft evasion - In total, over the three years of the war, 49 362 Chechens and Ingush deserted from the ranks of the Red Army, another 13 389 brave sons of the mountains evaded from the draft, which in total is 62,751 people.

And how many Chechens and Ingush fought at the front? Defenders of the "repressed peoples" compose various fables on this score. For example, Doctor of Historical Sciences Hadji Murad Ibrahimbeyli states: “More than 30 thousand Chechens and Ingush fought on the fronts. In the first weeks of the war, more than 12 thousand communists and Komsomol members - Chechens and Ingush joined the army, most of whom died in the fighting.

The reality looks much more modest. While in the ranks of the Red Army, 2,300 Chechens and Ingush were killed and gone missing. Is it a lot or a little? The Buryat people, half the size of the population, who were not threatened by the German occupation, lost 13 thousand people at the front, Ossetians were one and a half times inferior to the Chechens and Ingush - 10.7 thousand

In addition, the mentality of these mountaineers manifested itself - deserters created gangs engaged in outright robbery, and local uprisings began, with traces of obvious German influence. From July 1941 to 1944, only in that territory of the Chechen Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, which was later transformed into the Grozny region, 197 gangs were destroyed by the state security bodies. At the same time, the total irrecoverable losses of the bandits amounted to 4532 people: 657 were killed, 2762 were captured, 1113 were confessing. Thus, in the ranks of the bandit formations that fought against the Red Army, almost twice as many Chechens and Ingush were killed and taken prisoner than at the front. And this is not counting the losses of the Vainakhs who fought on the side of the Wehrmacht in the so-called "eastern battalions"! And since banditry is impossible without the complicity of the local population in the local conditions, many “peaceful Chechens” can also be regarded with a clear conscience as traitors.

By that time, the old "cadres" of abreks and local religious authorities, through the efforts of the OGPU, and then the NKVD, were basically knocked out. They were replaced by a young gangster growth - Komsomol members and communists brought up by the Soviet authorities, who studied in Soviet universities, who clearly showed the validity of the proverb "No matter how much a wolf you feed, he always looks into the forest."

The most unfavorable moment for the Soviet regime was the period of the Battle of the Caucasus in 1942. The actions of the Chechen-Ingush in the region intensified in connection with the advance of the Germans. The highlanders even created the Chechen-Gorsk National Socialist Party! During the year, 43 special operations were carried out by units of the internal troops (excluding the operations of the Red Army), 2342 bandits were eliminated. One of the largest grouping numbered about 600 rebels.
These losses in killed and captured against the Soviet regime were greater than the losses suffered by the Chechens and Ingush in the ranks of the Red Army against the Germans! 2300 people died fighting on the side of the Red Army, there were also 5 Heroes of the Soviet Union, for the sake of justice, here are their names: Khanpasha Nuradilov, Hansultan Dachiev, Abukhazhi Idrisov, Irbaikhan Beibulatov, Mavlid Visaitov.

The Chechens and Ingush were especially warm towards the German saboteurs. Osman (Saydnurov), the commander of the saboteurs, an Avar emigrant by nationality, taken prisoner with his group, told Guba during interrogation:
“Among the Chechens and Ingush, I easily found the right people ready to betray, go over to the side of the Germans and serve them. I was surprised: what are these people unhappy with? Chechens and Ingush under Soviet rule lived prosperously, in prosperity, much better than in pre-revolutionary times, as I was personally convinced after four months with more than a presence on the territory of Chechen-Ingushetia ... I could not find any other explanation, except that these people from the Chechens and Ingush, treasonous moods towards their homeland, were guided by selfish considerations, the desire under the Germans to preserve at least the remnants of their well-being, to provide a service, in return for which the invaders left them at least a part of the available livestock and food, land and dwellings. "

Fortunately, the Germans did not occupy the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Otherwise, many anti-Soviet units could be created from Chechens and Ingush, who are strongly anti-Soviet and anti-Russian. Their small number in the "eastern" battalions is explained by the fact that they simply deserted from the Red Army to their native places and were waiting for the Germans. Soviet troops had to repel the attacks of the Germans in the Caucasus and still sort it out in their rear against these highlanders. The country's leadership perceived such an attitude of the highlanders to the war as an unequivocal betrayal, a consumerist attitude towards the rest of the peoples of the USSR, and therefore it was decided to deport. The eviction was forced and justified.

On February 23, the resettlement of the Caucasian peoples began. Operation Lentil was well prepared and successful. By its beginning, the motives of the eviction - treason - were brought to the entire population. Leading workers, religious leaders of Chechnya, Ingushetia and other ethnic groups took a personal part in explaining the reasons for the resettlement. The agitation reached its goal. Of the 873,000 people evicted, only 842 people resisted and were arrested, only 50 people were killed while resisting or trying to escape.
The “warlike highlanders” did not offer any real resistance. As soon as Moscow demonstrated its strength and firmness, the highlanders obediently went to the assembly points, they knew their guilt.

CRIMEAN TATARS ON THE SERVICE OF VERMACHT
They really served the enemy faithfully.
On the territory of the occupied multinational Crimea, the German leadership decided to rely on the anti-Bolshevik and historically anti-Russian Crimean Tatars. The Crimean Tatars, with the rapid approach of the front, began to desert en masse from the Red Army and partisan detachments, expressing anti-Russian sentiments. "... All those drafted into the Red Army numbered 90 thousand people, including 20 thousand Crimean Tatars ... 20 thousand Crimean Tatars deserted in 1941 from the 51st Army when it retreated from the Crimea ..." Thus, the desertion of the Crimean Tatars from the Red Army was almost universal.

The Tatars sought to curry favor with the invaders, show their loyalty, and quickly take money places in the new occupied Crimea. The Russians (49.6% of the Crimean population) became the most deprived of rights on the peninsula, and the Crimean Tatars (19.8%) became the owners. The last were given best houses, collective farm plots and inventory, special stores were opened for them, religious life was established, some self-government was allowed. It was constantly emphasized that they were the chosen ones. True, after the war, the Crimea had to be completely Germanized (the Fuhrer announced this already on July 16, 1941), but the Tatars were not informed about this.
But while Crimea remained as a close rear area of the active army, and after a war zone, the Germans temporarily needed order in this territory and reliance on part of the local population. With the resettlement, we decided to wait.

Crimean Tatars easily made contact with the Germans, and already in October-November 1941, the Germans formed the first detachments of collaborationists from the Crimean Tatars. And these were not only Tatars - Khivi from prisoners of war in the active army, of whom there were 9 thousand people. These were police self-defense units to protect villages from partisans, carry out German policy and maintain order on the ground. Such detachments numbered 50 - 170 fighters and were led by German officers. The personnel consisted of Tatar deserters from the Red Army and peasants. The fact that the Tatars enjoyed a special disposition is evidenced by the fact that 1/3 of the self-defense police wore German military uniform(albeit without insignia) and even helmets. At the same time, Belarusian self-defense police units (the status of the Slavs was the lowest) wore rags - civilian mismatched clothes or Soviet uniforms that had passed the camp.
Crimean Tatars took an active part in the anti-Soviet struggle. According to German data, from 15 to 20 thousand Crimean Tatars served in the German armed forces and police, which is about 6-9% of the total number of Crimean Tatars (in 1939). At the same time, in 1941 there were only 10 thousand Tatars in the Red Army, many of whom deserted and later served the Germans. Also, about 1.2 thousand Crimean Tatars were red partisans and underground fighters (177 deserted from partisan detachments)

The zeal of the Tatars to serve the new masters was noted by the Fuhrer himself. The Tatars were provided with small pleasant services - free meals in special dining rooms for families, monthly or one-time allowances, etc. I must say that active national anti-Russian propaganda was carried out in the Tatar police units.
Crimean Tatars, accomplices of the Germans, not only fought and served the Germans - for some reason they were especially cruel to their opponents. Maybe, bad attitude to the enemy among the majority of Tatars and extreme cruelty.
So, in the Sudak region in 1942, the Tatars destroyed the reconnaissance landing of the Red Army. They captured twelve of our paratroopers and burned them alive.
On February 4, 1943, Tatar volunteers from the villages of Beshuy and Koush took four partisans prisoner. All of them were brutally killed: stabbed with bayonets, and then they were still alive, laid on fires and burned. Particularly disfigured was the corpse of partisan Khasan Kiyamov, a Kazan Tatar, whom the chastisers apparently mistook for their fellow countryman.
The attitude towards the civilian population was no less brutal. Throughout the entire occupation on the territory of the Krasny state farm, where the Crimean Tatars lived, acted concentration camp death, in which at least eight thousand citizens of the Crimea, suspected of sympathizing with the partisans, were brutally tortured and killed. The camp was guarded by Tatars from the 152nd auxiliary police battalion. According to eyewitnesses, the head of the camp, SS Oberscharfuehrer Speckman, attracted the guards to perform the dirtiest work.
It got to the point that, fleeing from the Tatar massacre, the local Russian and Ukrainian population was forced to seek protection ... to the German authorities! And quite often German soldiers and officers, shocked by the actions of their "allies", provided the Russians with such assistance ...

Intoxicated by the power, the pro-German leaders of the Bakhchisarai and Alushta Muslim committees (the creation of such bodies is another German indulgence), as a personal initiative, suggested that the Germans simply destroy all Russians in Crimea (before the war, Russians were 49.6% of all Crimean residents). Such ethnic cleansing was carried out in two villages of the Bakhchisarai region by the Tatar self-defense forces. However, the Germans did not support the initiative - the war was not over yet, and there were too many Russians.

Because of their attitude to the Soviet regime, the Crimean Tatars were evicted from Crimea. Of course, today it is easy to condemn Stalin, who, in a military way, radically resolved the issue with the Crimean Tatar traitors. But let's look at this story not from the standpoint today, but from the point of view of that time.
Many punishers did not have time to leave with the Nazis, hiding with numerous relatives who were not going to betray their relatives, the executioners. In addition, it turned out that the "Muslim committees" created by the Germans in the Tatar villages did not disappear anywhere, but went underground.
In addition, the Tatar population had many weapons in their hands. Only on May 7, 1944, as a result of a special raid by the NKVD troops, 5395 rifles, 337 machine guns, 250 machine guns, 31 mortars, a huge number of grenades and cartridges were seized.
The country's leadership realized that in the face of the Crimean Tatars they faced the "fifth column", welded together by strong family ties... and very dangerous for the rear of the Red Army.

GENOCIDE?
You can find many stories of how front-line soldiers - Crimean Tatars and Caucasians, who have many Soviet awards, were repressed along with everyone else. Such was the reckoning for some for betraying others.

These peoples deserve the eviction in full. Nevertheless, despite the facts, the current guardians of the "repressed peoples" continue to repeat how inhumane it was to punish the entire nation for the crimes of its "individual representatives". One of the favorite arguments of this public is the reference to the illegality of such collective punishment.

Strictly speaking, this is really so: no Soviet laws provided for the mass eviction of Chechens, Ingush and Tatars. However, let's see what would have happened if the authorities tried to act in 1944 according to the law.

As we have already found out, the majority of Chechens, Ingush and kr. the draft-age Tatars evaded military service or deserted. What is due in wartime conditions for desertion? Shooting or a penalty company. Have these measures been applied to deserters of other nationalities? Yes, they did. Banditry, organizing uprisings, cooperation with the enemy during the war were also punished to the fullest extent. As well as less serious crimes, such as membership in an anti-Soviet underground organization or possession of weapons. Aiding in the commission of crimes, harboring criminals, and finally, failure to report were also punishable by the Criminal Code. And almost all adult Chechens, Ingush and Red Tatars were involved in this.

It turns out that the accusers of Stalin's arbitrariness, in fact, regret that several tens of thousands of men were not legally put up against the wall! However, most likely, they simply believe that the law was written only for Russians and other citizens of the "lower class", and it does not apply to the proud inhabitants of the Caucasus and Crimea. Judging by the current amnesties for Chechen fighters, this is the case.

So, from the point of view of formal legality, the punishment that befell the Chechens, Ingush and Crimean Tatars in 1944 was much softer than the one that was due to them according to the Criminal Code. Because in this case, almost the entire adult population should have been shot or sent to camps.

Maybe it was worth "forgiving" the traitorous peoples? But what would the millions of families of the dead soldiers think at the same time, looking at those who had served their time in the rear?

Almost everyone knows about the fact of the deportation of Chechens and Ingush, but few know the real reason for this resettlement.

The fact is that since January 1940, an underground organization operated in the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Hasana Israilova, which set as its goal the rejection of the North Caucasus from the USSR and the creation on its territory of a federation, the state of all mountain peoples of the Caucasus, except for the Ossetians. The latter, as well as the Russians living in the region, according to Israilov and his associates, should have been completely destroyed. Khasan Israilov himself was a member of the CPSU (b) and at one time graduated from the Stalin Communist University of Workers of the East.

My political activity Israilov began in 1937 with a denunciation of the leadership of the Chechen-Ingush Republic. Initially, Israilov and eight of his associates themselves went to prison for libel, but the local leadership of the NKVD soon changed, Israilov, Avtorkhanov, Mamakayev and his other like-minded people were released, and in their place were put those on whom they had denounced.

However, Israilov did not calm down on this. At the time when the British were preparing an attack on the USSR, he created an underground organization with the aim of raising an uprising against Soviet power at the moment when the British landed in Baku, Derbent, Poti and Sukhum. However, British agents demanded that Israilov begin independent actions even before the British attack on the USSR. On instructions from London, Israilov and his gang were to attack the Grozny oil fields and disable them in order to create a shortage of fuel in the Red Army units fighting in Finland. The operation was scheduled for January 28, 1940. Now, in Chechen mythology, this bandit raid has been elevated to the rank of a national uprising. In fact, there was only an attempt to set fire to the oil storage, which was repulsed by the guards of the facility. Israilov, on the other hand, with the remnants of his gang, went into an illegal position - while sitting out in mountain villages, the bandits, in order to supply themselves, from time to time attacked grocery stores.

However, with the outbreak of the war, Israilov's foreign policy orientation changed dramatically - now he began to hope for help from the Germans. Israilov's representatives crossed the front line and handed a letter from their leader to a German intelligence representative. WITH German side Israilova began to supervise military intelligence. The curator was Colonel Osman Guba.

This man, an Avar by nationality, was born in the Buinaksky region of Dagestan, served in the Dagestan regiment of the Caucasian native division. In 1919 he joined the army of General Denikin, in 1921 he emigrated from Georgia to Trebizond, and then to Istanbul. In 1938, Guba entered the service in the Abwehr, and with the outbreak of the war he was promised the post of chief of the "political militia" of the North Caucasus.

German paratroopers were sent to Chechnya, including Guba himself, and a German radio transmitter was put into operation in the forests of the Shali region, which communicated between the Germans and the rebels. The first action of the insurgents was an attempt to disrupt mobilization in Checheno-Ingushetia. In the second half of 1941, the number of deserters amounted to 12 thousand 365 people who dodged the draft - 1093. During the first mobilization of the Chechens and Ingush in the Red Army in 1941, it was planned to form a cavalry division from their composition, but only 50% of them were recruited (4247 people) from the available draft contingent, and 850 people from those already recruited upon arrival at the front immediately went over to the enemy. In total, during the three years of the war, 49,362 Chechens and Ingush deserted from the ranks of the Red Army, another 13,389 evaded conscription, which makes up 62,751 people in total. Only 2300 people died at the fronts and went missing (and the latter include those who went over to the enemy). The Buryat people, half as large in number, who were not threatened by the German occupation, lost 13 thousand people at the front, and Ossetians, who were one and a half times inferior to the Chechens and Ingush, lost almost 11 thousand. At the same time when the decree on resettlement was published, there were only 8,894 Chechens, Ingush and Balkars in the army. That is, ten times more deserted than fought.

Two years after his first raid, on January 28, 1942, Israilov organized the OPKB - the "Special Party of the Caucasian Brothers", which aims to "create in the Caucasus a free fraternal Federal Republic of states of the fraternal peoples of the Caucasus under the mandate of the German Empire." Later, he renamed this party to the "National Socialist Party of the Caucasian Brothers." In February 1942, when the Nazis occupied Taganrog, Israilov's associate, former chairman of the Lespromsovet of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Mayrbek Sheripov, raised an uprising in the villages of Shatoi and Itum-Kale. The auls were soon liberated, but some of the rebels went to the mountains, from where they conducted partisan raids. So, on June 6, 1942, at about 5 pm in the Shatoi region, a group of armed bandits on the way to the mountains fired a salvo at a truck carrying Red Army soldiers. Of the 14 people traveling in the car, three were killed and two were wounded. The bandits hid in the mountains. On August 17, the gang of Mairbek Sheripov actually defeated the regional center of the Sharoevsky region.

In order to prevent the seizure of oil production and oil refining facilities by bandits, one division of the NKVD had to be introduced into the republic, as well as during the most difficult period To remove the military units of the Red Army from the front of the battle for the Caucasus.

However, it took a long time to catch and neutralize the gangs - the bandits, warned by someone, avoided ambushes and took their units out from under the blows. Conversely, targets that were attacked were often left unguarded. So, before the same attack on the regional center of the Sharoevsky region, the task force and the military unit of the NKVD, which were intended to protect the regional center, were withdrawn from the regional center. Subsequently, it turned out that the bandits were patronized by the head of the anti-bandit department of the ChI ASSR, Lieutenant Colonel of the State Security Service Aliev. And later, among the belongings of the murdered Israilov, a letter from the People's Commissar for Internal Affairs of Chechen-Ingushetia Sultan Albogachiev was also found. It was then that it became clear that all Chechens and Ingush (and Albogachiev was an Ingush), regardless of their position, sleep and see how to harm the Russians, and they did harm very actively.

Nevertheless, on November 7, 1942, on the 504th day of the war, when Nazi troops in Stalingrad tried to break through our defenses in the Glubokaya Balka region between the Krasny Oktyabr and Barrikady factories, in Checheno-Ingushetia by the forces of the NKVD troops with the support of separate parts 4th Kuban Cavalry Corps carried out a special operation to eliminate bandit formations. Mayrbek Sheripov was killed in the battle, and Gube was caught on the night of January 12, 1943, near the village of Akki-Yurt.

However, the bandit attacks continued. They continued thanks to the support of the bandits by the local population and local authorities. Despite the fact that from June 22, 1941 to February 23, 1944, 3078 members of bandit formations were killed in Checheno-Ingushtia and 1715 people were taken prisoner, it was clear that as long as someone gave the bandits food and shelter, it would be impossible to defeat the banditry. That is why on January 31, 1944, the USSR GKO decree No. 5073 was adopted on the abolition of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and the deportation of its population to Central Asia and Kazakhstan.

On February 23, 1944, Operation Lentil began, during which 180 echelons of 65 cars each were sent from Checheno-Ingushenia, with a total of 493,269 people being resettled. 20,072 firearms were seized. When resisting, 780 Chechens and Ingush were killed, and in 2016 they were arrested for possession of weapons and anti-Soviet literature.

6544 people managed to hide in the mountains. But many of them soon descended from the mountains and surrendered. Israilov himself was mortally wounded in battle on December 15, 1944.