What does the letter e look like? The letter e in Russian

Word hunt

The unique letter of the Russian alphabet, more precisely, of the Russian alphabet, although it is not favored by domestic linguists, assign it rather a subsidiary position. Actually, I got the impression that all the unique features of the Russian language are leveled out, not noticed, so this sound and this letter belong to the outcasts.

The great Vladimir Dal also noted that E is a vowel, the 31st letter; there is no such letter in the Church Slavonic language; this is the same as E, but pronounced unanimously (never iе), like the German ae, and is written only at the beginning of a word, more in other people's words; in the middle, perhaps merged with the prepositions: I will give it too; this will be; to examine, etc. || Exclamation: eh! expresses amazement or disbelief, doubt. Eh, it's full, isn't it! Eh, you fool, unsaved speech!

As you can see, by the time of Dahl, the letter E was decently emasculated, leaving her the opportunity to start a not very large group of words and represent some foreign words.

It also plays the role of exclamations. Some are given by Dahl. We also find a vivid example in Gogol's "The Inspector General", when Bobchinsky and Dobchinsky report that they have met a person who looks like an inspector. Remember?

The phrase has become a catch phrase: “Eh! Pyotr Ivanovich and I said. "

"NS!" I say to Peter Ivanovich ... - (Bobch.)
“No, Pyotr Ivanovich, I said 'Eh!' - (Dobch.)
"First you said, and then I said. Eh! Pyotr Ivanovich and I said."

I was prompted to pay attention to this letter by the phrase EOLOVA ARFA, repeatedly sung by poets. Vasily Zhukovsky wrote the ballad "Aeolian Harp" about the poor singer Arminia, who fell passionately in love with Minwana, the daughter of the almighty king Ordal. The angry Vladyka, upon learning of this, expelled the singer from his native country. Arminius, being in exile and deeply suffering both for his beloved and for his homeland, hung a harp on the oak so that the wind of Aeolus, touching its strings, would give the beloved the news of his beloved.

And suddenly ... out of silence
There was a drawn-out, pensive ringing;
And quieter breathing
He was the coolness playing in the leaves.
Her heart was confused:
Hello friend!
It has happened, it has happened! ..
The earth is empty, and there is no dear.

Since I have already remembered Zhukovsky's ballad, I will note one feature that literary critics and historians do not notice or do not want to notice.

The ballad was created not on Russian soil, not on Russian folklore, but the names of the heroes speak of a forgotten history. Arminium - can be correlated with in german words arm "poor", Arm "hand" (one who earns his own food by manual labor), Armut - "poverty, need", with the French armee "army" (the word remembers that initially the army was formed at the expense of the poorest, which have nothing but hands).

The name of the daughter of King Minwang is given, apparently, according to the German comparative adjective minder "the smallest, smallest" or according to the mindest "minimum". That is, this name reflects her position in the family. In Zhukovsky we read: “Mladaya Minvana illuminated with beauty parental home". That is, Zhukovsky uses a hidden tautology: poor Arminius, young Minwana; the adjective essentially reveals the meaning of the name.

If so, then the name of the king Ordal should be revealed in the same way - "mighty Ordal". Indeed, the horde is a powerful regular army that has been busy expanding the borders great empire, the possession of which extended to all the continents discovered by that time.

The king, as is evident from the ballad, was engaged in one thing -
And in friendly conversations
Loved by the glass Ordal's stories
About ancient victories
And he gazed at the armor of the fathers:
Minted their armor
In deep scars;
Their swords are jagged;
Their shields and helmets were beaten in battles.

King Ordal himself no longer fought, his destiny is hunting and fun, because he is the lord of Morvena. It seems to me that this gigantic country is a territory surrounded on all sides by seas-oceans, where the sun never sets.

It seems that Vasily Zhukovsky, brought up on Western samples of culture, nevertheless felt the attraction of the past greatness of Russia, which was trying to unite the whole world under the hand of the Russian Tsar. I felt it, but I didn’t realize it. But this is by the way.

Our conversation about the unique letter e. There are only three letters in the Russian alphabet, which are written clockwise: left up, then down in a circle and up again. E are among them, and all elements are written clockwise. I think this is one of the indicators of antiquity, primacy, besides the letter clearly shows how the organ looks like where this sound is formed: it's an open mouth with a tongue inside.

In linguistics there is such a concept - articulation, the ability to pronounce clearly, clearly, articulately. This word is derived from the Latin articulatio< articulare «расчленять, членораздельно, ясно произносить». Я считаю, что это определение появилось после раскола империи
The articulation characteristic of vowels includes the following signs: rise, row, labialization / non-labialization (roughened / non-decaying).
Ascent - the movement of the tongue vertically and the corresponding degree of elevation of the tongue to the palate. Vowels are tonal sounds that differ in tone quality. The difference in tone quality is achieved by changing the configuration of the resonator with the movements of the tongue. The tongue can move back and forth, up and down. Vowels that are formed without moving the tongue upward are called lower-rise vowels ([a]); the vowels formed by the movement of the tongue upward are called vowels of the middle ([e], [o]) and upper rise ([and], [s], [y]).
Row - the movement of the tongue horizontally and the corresponding degree of advancement of the tongue forward or pulling it back. Vowels that are formed without moving the tongue forward or backward are called middle vowels ([s], [a]); forward movement of the tongue creates front vowels ([and], [e]), backward movement creates back vowels ([y], [o]).
Labialiso; vanity - the roundedness of the lips when pronouncing vowels. According to the difference in the work of the lips during the formation of vowels, all vowel sounds are divided into 2 groups: vowels, during the formation of which the lips are extended forward and rounded, and vowels, formed without stretching and rounding the lips. Gla; lucid sounds; ki [o] and [y] are labialized; baths (from Lat. Labialis - labial), since lips take part in their formation; the rest of the sounds - [a], [and], [s], [e] - non-labialized;
Pronunciation of vowels is based on the phonetic law of modern Russian literary language- vowel reduction. Due to the dynamic nature of the Russian stress, the pronunciation energy is unevenly distributed between syllables. A vowel in a strong position (under stress) is pronounced clearly, while in weak position(without stress) it is articulated less clearly, that is, it reduces.

I brought this small educational program on the phonetics of the Russian language in order to make it clearer what place the vowel E occupies.In my opinion, in the past it was used much more often, but under the influence of court etiquette with its requirements to distort Russian speech, speak German or French , the letter began to be withdrawn from circulation.

Without this educational program, I would definitely suspect that a and e are twin sounds, but I realized that with such a statement I had sinned against the truth. They form similarly, but it's still different sounds... Turn around in front of the mirror, look at the position of the teeth, tongue, lips when pronouncing various sounds, especially vowels, that is, vocal. At the sound a, the mouth is open wide, but the tongue is pressed downward. With e, the mouth is slightly covered, and the tongue rises. When e - the lips are stretched in breadth, the teeth come together, and the tongue, without touching either the top or bottom, is pulled up to the teeth, but does not touch them.

It is not clear to me why the e was turned upside down, because it more visibly conveys how this sound is formed in the mouth, in what position the tongue is. There are 33 letters in the Ukrainian language, but e ъ s e are not used, but there is a mirror image of our e, which almost coincides with the euro sign - the currency of the European Union.

In the West, they paid attention to our E, their currency in the European Union was designated by the mirror image of our letter, but with two tails €.

By the way, the euro sign is written counterclockwise, according to the same principle, in geography lessons, schoolchildren show countries bordering their homeland, and in geometry lessons they mark the corners of triangles, squares and polygons. There is, for example, a famous engraving allegedly of the 16th century, where Ptolemy in the medieval royal crown and Astronomy. Ptolemy holds in his hand a sector with celestial coordinates. The numbers on the sectors are counterclockwise. This became possible after the split of the world empire, which took shape finally at the beginning of the 17th century during the Thirty Years War. This means that the engraving reflects not antiquity, but recent times.

Before the split of the great empire, imperial science, cartography, astronomy, astrology used the rules of the clockwise hand, or in the sun. Today, for example, the hour hands and the sun move in different sides... This became possible when the north was made riding the globes and maps. In imperial science, there was day, sun, south at the top. The mass of words and terms in Russian and in Western languages ​​confirm this. And the letter E indicates the facts of history, which we were forced to forget.

E, e (called: e or e reverse) is the 31st letter of the Russian and the 30th letter of the Belarusian Cyrillic alphabets; in other Cyrillic Slavic alphabets now not used (in the Ukrainian pair E / E the pair E / Є corresponds).

It is also used in a number of alphabets of non-Slavic languages. It is believed that this is a borrowed verb form of the letter "E" (is), which has the form and with which it denotes the untited sound.

The sign E in Cyrillic has been used practically since the XIV century. So, it comes across many times in the Poznan manuscript collection (excluding the later last pages), written off at the end of the 16th century. (in words such as "knight", "tsesar", etc.).

You can also find it in the Moscow edition of the Smotritsky grammar of 1648: etamology, moreover, a special letter was made for E, and did not turn the existing one. Officially, the letter E was included in the alphabet in 1708 during the development of a civil font, where it inherited the place between Ѣ and Yu, in which in the educational Church Slavonic alphabets, the modification Є of the letter E was sometimes placed, as a rule, which had a completely opposite sound meaning.

The signs E and Є in the Serbian variation of the civil alphabet were interchangeable (at first, E was more often used, then Є) and denoted the iotated sound; from the middle of the XIX century. both were abolished by the reform of the alphabet by Vuk Karadzic.

The letter "e" in the Russian letter

In modern Russian writing, the letter E denotes the untimed vowel sound [e], as well as [ɛ]. It is used in writing a few primordially Russian words: this, that way (s), this, ek (s), evon, eva, commercial (s), eh, ehe-he, hey, ehma, ege-ge, ege. The main purpose of the letter E is the use at the beginning of words and after vowels in borrowed words: duel, euthanasia, aed, eclair, Boethius (nevertheless, after the vowels I and E, E is always written, and only in rare exceptions - E, like Gliere or Marietta).

Writing with E rarely after consonants: according to the rules of 1956, these are only the words peer, sir, mayor (they were written with E until the beginning of the XX century) and proper names; later this list was supplemented by the master to distinguish with the meter. The 2006 edition of the rules includes 3 more roots in the list of basic roots with the letter E after the consonants: racketeering, plein air, rap. However, in practice, there are much more words after the consonants E, especially among the last borrowings, which have not yet fully mastered the Russian language.

Many of them have a variant with E (hash / hash, tag / tag, cab / keb, etc.), while the spelling with E usually looks more foreign. Even with E, they write the names of letters (be, ve, ge,<…>el, uh, en ...) and words derived from abbreviations, like KGB, GDR or PETEUSNIK.

The letter "e" after consonants

In a number of cases, in the practice of transcribing foreign names and names, e, standing after the consonants, is used, including:

Periodically, to transmit the sound [æ] (eg Blackpool) or diphthong [ɛə] (eg Delaware, Blair) - from English. lang .;

To convey the letter ă (for example, Bacau, Creange) - from the Romanians. lang .;

Distributed in the Palladium system (for example, the Yellow River) - from the whale. lang.

This word has a vowel sound we already know [y]... You can already tell about it that this sound is a vowel. It is easily pronounced, sung and spoken without the participation of noise. And why did it happen that the sound [y] wanted to confuse us? It turns out that the vowel sounds of our language differ not only in name and pronunciation, but also in the strength of pronunciation. Such sounds that are pronounced more strongly (the voice seems to strike them) are called percussion ... Let's hit the sound with our voice [NS] in the word emu and listen to him. Say the word emu striking the sound with your voice [NS].

Sound [NS]- vowel, easy to pronounce. During the pronunciation of the sound, the mouth opened slightly, the lips stretched. This sound can be sung or shouted. No noise is heard. Here is evidence that it is - vowel sound.

How many of you today will say that the lesson is about the letter of his name?

• NS Dick
• NS lionira
• NS mma
• NS lla
• NS dita

Continue the row of names yourself.

Which fairytale heroes whose names start with the letter NS and to the sound [NS], can you name?

NS lly, which goes to the Emerald City (Fig. 2).

Rice. 2. Ellie's girl ()

And in this city there are magic NS lfs.

There are very few heroes, because the letter NS our language also has few words.

Now let's learn to recognize the sound [NS] in words. To do this, imagine that we are going to NS a tour, and NS the course guide will be sound [NS]... Of those who listen NS a course guide, they call NS cadets. Together with you on NS excursion to NS little animals will go to the electrician. If we hear a sound [NS] in the name of the animal, we allow landing in NS electrician. No sound [NS]- we do not plant. Speak aloud the names of animals and detect the presence of sound [NS].

Medv e db. A sound is heard [NS] in the middle of a word (fig. 3).

Fox (fig. 4). No sound [NS].

Giraffe (fig. 5). No sound [NS].

L e c (Fig. 6). A sound is heard [NS] in the middle of a word.

Rice. 6. Lion and lion cubs ()

Z e sconces (fig. 7). A sound is heard [NS] in the middle of a word.

Camel (fig. 8). No sound [NS].

Ol e ny (Fig. 9). A sound is heard [NS] in the middle of a word.

Chimpanzee e(fig. 10). Sound [NS] is heard at the end of a word.

Rice. 10. Chimpanzee ()

NS mu. Sound [NS] at the beginning of a word.

Sound [NS] in words, it is more often found in the middle of a word, but at the beginning and end - much less often.

Let's go on an excursion to the land of words. There we recognize words that begin with the letter E.

NSheather- the highest mountain in the world (Fig. 11). Two sounds are heard [NS] in its name. This mountain has a second name - Chomolungma which means "Goddess, mother of the earth" .

He is almost a hundred meters tall:

It's not easy to climb on it!

He was from Australia

It was once brought to us.

He has one job -

Draining the swamp.

This is the tallest tree - eucalyptus(fig. 12). Sound [NS] only at the beginning of a word.

Rice. 12. Eucalyptus tree ()

NSyiffel tower- the most recognizable symbol of Paris, one of the tallest buildings in the world. Sound [NS] at the beginning of a word (Fig. 13).

Rice. 13. Eiffel Tower ()

This is a big ladder

But the steps go by themselves.

And they roll everyone fast

Up and down, down and up.

What's the ladder guys?

It's just an escalator.

Word escalator sounds like a word excavator... They even begin the same - on NS but do not confuse these words. is a machine that digs the ground (fig. 14).

NS xcavator - brother to the crane.

Stirring up such lumps,

That, perhaps, a hundred shovels

They could not be overpowered.

Rice. 14. Excavator ()

NSquator- a line on the globe that shows the middle of our planet and divides it into two parts - the northern hemisphere and the southern hemisphere.

Repeat the words that you are familiar with. Say them out loud and count all the sounds [NS]:

NSheather

NSvcalyptus

NSscalator

NSxcavator

NSquator

NSyiffel tower

It turned out seven sounds [NS].

All of these words were long and difficult to pronounce. The thing is that they came to our language from other languages. But the ancient Russian words on NS- short. And there are very few of them:

• NS that
• NS-ge-ge
• NS hehe

To write all these words, you need the letter NS.

The printed uppercase and lowercase letters are similar and differ only in size (Figure 15).

We will break O like a donut -

There will be a letter on the right side.

Let's add a nose on the face -

So the letter will come out NS.

Rice. 15. Letter NS ()

And now we will fantasize and imagine what the letter looks like NS.

Letter NS- big mouth,

You can completely disappear in it.

Letter NS- no matter how you look -

You will see pincers and pincers.

A letter flies over the meadows in blue NS.

This is a swallow coming home in the spring.

Letter NS easy to turn into swallow, moon, Indian bow, human ear.

Do you want to know what the letter is dreaming about? NS? Read the story.

The letter E is unhappy

- Uh-uh, - the letter E stretched out grumbly, - they put me almost at the very end of the alphabet. - Eck, I was carried there! Eh, I would go to the beginning, to the first place! Hey letters. Let me go ahead!

But the letters said:

- Stay where you are. And don't talk in vain with your long tongue. Does it really matter where you stand? It's important to be helpful.

A.A. Shibaev

It is clear from this tale that the letter NS is at the end of our alphabet.

So that the letter NS better to remember, try to make it from some material (plasticine, rope) or fold it from beads. Draw a funny drawing. Make an exhibition of your work.

Read the letters:

1. aue, eua, owe, aoeu

2. aue, ehua, owe, aoeu

A dash appeared above the letters in the second row - this is accent mark... He says: "Emphasize the sound with your voice, when you read the letter, more strongly"... Read the letters again, emphasizing them with your voice.

Consider written letters NS,NS... They differ from printed ones in that they are written with a slant (Fig. 16).

Rice. 16. Printed and written letters Uh ()

Let's try to write a capital letter NS... This letter has two elements - the right semi-oval and a small horizontal stick, which is called the tongue of the letter NS(fig. 17).

Rice. 17. Writing a capital letter NS ()

Start writing a capital letter NS... From left to right, draw an oval line by touching the additional line; lead the letter down, round to the left by touching the bottom ruler; we tear off the hand and write a horizontal line in the middle of the letter, connect it with a semi-oval.

Try writing a letter like this in the air. Write it reverse side handles on the palm.

Consider possible mistakes when writing a capital letter NS: the semi-oval turned out to be very wide (round), the slope went out to the other side.

Practice writing the letter yourself in the notebook. Remember the correct position of the notebook. Hold the handle correctly.

Now let's look at how to write a small letter. NS... The elements of the lowercase letter are the same as those of the uppercase (Fig. 18).

Rice. 18. Writing a small letter NS ()

We begin to write below the top line of the working line. From left to right we move up to the working line, round off by touching the upper line of the working line, move down to the bottom line; round to the left by touching the bottom line of the operating line. Tear off the arm and draw a short horizontal line from left to right in the middle of the semi-oval.

Direction of arrows.

Circle the letter in the air. Write a letter with the back of the pen on the palm of your hand. Try writing it in a notebook.

Possible errors in writing a lowercase letter NS: very wide rounded semi-oval; the letter hangs in the air without touching the lines of the operating line; wrong slope.

Both capital and small letters are connected Uh with other letters using an additional straight line that runs up to the top line of the operating line at the top connection, or slightly above the line of the upper operating line at the bottom connection. The connecting lines are assigned separately.

After this lesson, practice writing uppercase and lowercase letters. Uh in notebooks. Just write so that they don't say about you: "Writes like a chicken with a paw"... This is how our ancestors spoke of those who write sloppily and very dirty.

Today in the lesson you got acquainted with sound [NS] and the letter NS... Did you find out that the letter NS- an infrequent guest in Russian words. The fact is that this letter is very young. It was introduced into our alphabet at PetreI... Here comes the sound [NS] have great respect for the other letters of our alphabet, because it helps to call their names. Say the names of the letters and listen to how they sound:

B- pronounced like [bae] V- pronounced like [veh] G- pronounced like [ge] D- pronounced like [de] L- pronounced like [el] M- pronounced like [uh] N- pronounced like [en]

And also the sound [NS] and the letter NS very curious. Do you know why? Because this is how the title of the book begins "Encyclopedia".

Encyclopedia is a reference book that will tell you about everything in the world and answer all your questions.

Another very interesting word begins with the letter E - "Eureka", which is translated from Greek means "Found, discovered"... Say this word more often.

Bibliography

1. Andrianova T.M., Ilyukhina V.A. Russian language 1. - M .: Astrel, 2011.
2. Buneev R.N., Buneeva E.V., Pronina O.V. Russian language 1. - M .: Ballas.
3. Agarkova N.G., Agarkov Yu.A. Textbook on teaching literacy and reading: ABC. Academbook / Textbook.

1. Skazochnyj-domik.ru ().
2. Liveinternet.ru ().
3. Nsportal.ru ().

Homework

• Practice writing a letter NS... Write your own block and uppercase letters Uh(large and small).
• Find words that have a sound [NS]... Count how many sounds [NS] in every word.

Popsicle, mirror, eclair, duet, cream, energy, pedestrian.

• Guess the riddle:

This letter digs holes

Echoes the shout stubbornly

And then on a stick

Chocolate melts with ice.

(Answer: Letter E - excavator, echo, popsicle)

Description of the video tutorial

In one small town there lived a little girl Lyolya. Once Lyolya scattered the grandmother's casket with magic beads-letters. To collect these beads, Löhle needs to learn all the letters of the alphabet.
Letters are all from A to Z -
This is a close-knit family.
So that there is harmony in that family
You need to remember them all.

Today an Elf came to Lela's aid. He had a magic bead in his hands, he found it in the bell when he decided to wash.
Writing a letter
- Look, Lyolya, this is the letter "E".
The letter E on S is amazed,
As if looking in a mirror.
There is a similarity for sure
Only there is no language!

See what the letter E. looks like.Large letter E. Small letter E.

Sound and letter in a word.

The letters are all as on the selection,
There are 33 of them,
You will find them in every word,
Well look.

Words starting with E: excavator, popsicle, eucalyptus, screen, crew.
The letter E in the middle of the words: a high-rise building, a figurine, an airfield, a duet.
The letter E at the end of words: aloe, canoe, karate.

Sound automation E.

Repeat clean talk.

This will be the letter E
Vigorous quite:
Excavator, train,
Elevator, electron.

Repeat the pure talk again.

This will be the letter E
Vigorous quite:
Excavator, train,
Elevator, electron.

Riddles. Finding the letter E.
Guess a riddle. Find where the letter E.

It buzzes, makes noise and howls,
He digs the earth with a shovel.
PAUSE

EXCAVATOR (Letter E)

He is almost a hundred meters tall:
It's not easy to climb on it!
He was from Australia
It was once brought to us.
He has one job -
Draining the swamp.
PAUSE

Eucalyptus (Letter E)

Who's on the wire
Does every house come to us?
At night when it's dark
It illuminates the house.
PAUSE
ELECTRICITY (Letter E)

On one leg
In chocolate clothes.
PAUSE
ESKIMO (Letter E)

Sound automation E.

Listen to the tongue twisters.
Eskimos, Eskimos
Popsicles are eaten in cold weather,
And for this the Eskimos
Eskimos are called.

Eskimos, Eskimos
Popsicles are eaten in cold weather,
And for this the Eskimos
Eskimos are called.

Eskimos, Eskimos
Popsicles are eaten in cold weather,
And for this the Eskimos
Eskimos are called.

Listen to another tongue twister.
Elves and Echo played hide and seek:

Let's try repeating the tongue twister slowly.
Elves and Echo played hide and seek:
The echo was hidden, and the elves searched.
Eh, well, it was difficult to find it!
Unless the elves can do that.

Let's try to repeat the tongue twister quickly.
Elves and Echo played hide and seek:
The echo was hidden, and the elves searched.
Eh, well, it was difficult to find it!
Unless the elves can do that.

Definition of words with the letter E.

Listen to the story, find in which words the letter E.

Little elves live in flowers, we can say that they live on the upper floors. They love sports and they love relay races. The winners receive a popsicle.
In the evening, fireflies turn on the electricity in the meadow, and the elves give a concert on the flower stage. Poets perform and sing duets.

In what words is the letter E hidden? PAUSE

The letter E is hidden in the words: ELVES, FLOORS, RELAYS, ESKIMO, ELECTRICITY, VESTRADA, POETS, DUETS.

Granny
And next time you, Lyolya, and you guys, will get to know another letter.

Lyolya
Letters are all from A to Z -
Our loyal friends!