Ukrainian words similar to German ones. Ukrainian words similar to German and Russian words in German Why there are many German words in the Ukrainian language
Glossary of Ukrainian words similar to German
© Kiselev O.M. 2007
The picture shows the Germans, III century A.D.
In the Ukrainian language, you can find many words of Germanic origin, words common to the Ukrainian and German languages, as well as words similar to German. Knowing these words helps in learning German. There are more such words in the Ukrainian language than in Russian. There are several reasons and eras of the emergence of common Ukrainian-German words. The Germanic and Slavic languages belong to the Indo-European language group and arose from the common proto-language of SANSKRIT. Therefore, in the Germanic and Slavic languages there are many similar single-root words; for example him. Mutter - Ukrainian. mother, mother; German glatt (smooth, slippery, quirky) - Ukrainian. smooth. During the era of the Great Migration of Peoples, for several centuries (in the 1st millennium AD), Germanic tribes (Teutons, Goths, etc.) passed through the lands of present Ukraine, including through the Lower Dnieper and Volhynia. In Volhynia, the Eastern Goths were located in the 2nd - 5th centuries. AD Part of the German-speaking population did not go west along with the majority of their fellow tribesmen, but continued to live on the lands of present-day Ukraine. Eastern Slavs appeared in Volhynia and the Dnieper region at about the same time, in the first half of the first millennium of the new era. Rare villages of some German-speaking tribes were interspersed with settlements of the Slavs. The inhabitants of these villages gradually merged with the Eastern Slavs and passed on to the latter part of their vocabulary. The German-speaking population influenced the language and culture of the Eastern Slavs, and later became related and merged with the Slavs. The ancient origin in the Ukrainian language of words related to Germanic is confirmed by the fact that among these words there are many that denote basic life concepts (buduvati, dakh). In the Kiev region, there is still a settlement GERMANOVKA, known by this name for more than 1100 years. In the IX century. AD, and, perhaps, even earlier, close communication between Russia and the Varangians began, who brought with them from Scandinavia the language of the North Germanic (Scandinavian) group. From the Varangians who came at the end of the 9th century. led by Prince Oleg to Kiev, these words got into the language of the Polyans and Drevlyans who lived in these places. Glades and Drevlyans spoke their own languages, close to each other. And since the time of Christianization, the role of the written language in all of Kievan Rus was played by the Church Slavonic language, in which the Slavic Bible of Cyril and Methodius was written. The Polyansky language was the spoken language of the Kiev principality and became one of the progenitors of the Ukrainian language. During the eventful thousand-year history of Ukraine, German words penetrated into the Ukrainian language in other ways. The penetration of German words into the Ukrainian language continued first through the Polish language during the times of the Polish-Lithuanian state, which for a long time included Ukraine, and later through Galicia, which was part of Austria-Hungary for a long time. Since ancient times, German specialists have come to Ukraine (builders, carpenters, blacksmiths, brewers, bakers, directors, management personnel, etc.). They all brought with them the terms of their professions.
Not all the words of the Ukrainian language, which have the same root with German, got into the Ukrainian language directly from the German language. Words common to these languages may have other origins. Certain German words entered Ukraine through Yiddish, the language of Eastern European Ashkinazi Jews. for example, the word gwalt (shout, noise), Gewalt, which in German means power, violence.
The presence in the Ukrainian language of many words common to the Ukrainian and German languages is also explained by the borrowing by these languages of international words from Latin, Greek, French, English and other languages. In the Ukrainian and German languages there are many similar international words of Latin, Greek, Hebrew, English and French origin. For example, the words kreida (Kreide, chalk), education (Edukation, education), fine (fein, beautiful). Some Ukrainian words in this glossary are not related to German words, but only accidentally similar, consonant with them.
It makes sense to indicate in one glossary all words common to the Ukrainian and German languages, regardless of their origin. Knowledge of these words helps in learning German.
When pronouncing the Ukrainian sound "g", it should be borne in mind that in most cases it is pronounced as a voiced sound, paired with a dull sound "x", and in Russian - as a voiced sound paired with a voiced sound "k". Therefore, Ukrainian words with the letter "g" are closer in sound to German words with the letter "h" (gartuvati - haerten - to temper).
In the glossary, first the Ukrainian word is given, then after a dash the German word, then the definite article showing the grammatical gender of the noun (in German), then in parentheses the meaning of this word in German, if this meaning does not completely coincide with the meaning of the Ukrainian word, then after dash - the Russian meaning of the Ukrainian word.
In this publication, special German letters ("acute" es, vowels with "umlaut") cannot be conveyed. They are transmitted by combinations of Latin letters -ss, -ue, -ae, -oe.
Amateur - Amateur, der - Amateur
accentuwati - akzentuiren - to underline, highlight, put an accent mark
arbor - Altan, der, Balkon mit Unterbau (in German from Italian alt - high) - arbor, arbor. At first, this was the name for large balconies, then - platforms, ledges and gazebos from which you can admire the surrounding landscape.
Bavovna - Baumwolle, die - cotton
bagnet - Bajonett, das - bayonet
bastard - Bastard, der, (in it. from French) - bastard, illegitimate child
blakitny - blau - blue, sky color
badge - Blech, das - tin
plaques (plaques dah) - blechern (blechernes Dach) - tin (tin roof)
borg - Borg, der - debt, loan
brakuvati (chogos) - brauchen - to need (something), to miss (something);
mei marriageє (chogos) - es braucht mir (etwas) - I lack (something), I need (something);
my marriageє pennies - es braucht mir Geld - I do not have enough money, I need money; to my marriageє hour - es braucht mir Zeit - I don’t have enough time, I don’t have time
brovar - Brauer, der - brewer (the name of the regional center in the Kiev region of Brovary comes from the word "brovar")
brewery - Brauerei, die - brewery, brewery
brewery - Brauerei, die - brewing
brutal - brutal - rude
brucht - Bruch, der - scrap, scrap metal
buda, booth - Bude, die - it. shop, stall, gatehouse;
buduvati - Bude, die (German shop, stall, gatehouse) - to build
booth - Bude, die (German shop, stall, gatehouse) - building, house
burnus - Burnus, der, -nusse, - Arabian cloak with a hood
bursa - Burse, die - bursa, a medieval school with a hostel
bursak - Burse, der, - a student of a bursa
Wabiti - Wabe, die (German honeycomb) - to attract
wagatis - vage (German indefinite, wobbly) - to hesitate, hesitate
vagitna (woman) - waegen (German to weigh) - pregnant ("put on weight")
wagi - Waage, die - scales;
important - Waage, die (German scales) - weighty, important;
vazhiti - Waage, die (German scales), waegen (German weigh) - weigh, weigh;
warta - Wart, der (German guardian, guardian) - guard;
vartist - Wert, der - cost
vartoviy - Wart, der (German: keeper, guardian) - sentry;
vartuvati - warten (German to wait, take care of a child or a sick person, perform official duties) - to stand by the clock; guard, guard
vartiy - wert - standing, worth
watch - Wache, die, Wachte, die, - security, military guard, naval watch, shift;
vvazhati - waegen (German to dare, dare, take risks) - to have an opinion
viserunok - (from German Visier, das - visor) - pattern
out - Wolle, die - wool
vogky - feucht - wet
Guy - Hain, der - grove, woods, woods, oak groves
Haiduk - Haiduck (Heiduck), der (from Hungarian hajduk - driver) (German Hungarian mercenary warrior, partisan, Hungarian courtier) - mercenary warrior, servant, mobile footman
hook - Haken, der - hook, hook, hook
galmo - Halm, der (in German, a stem, straw, straw, maybe the Ukrainians braked the cart with a bundle of straw?) - brake
galmuvati - Halm, der (in German, a stem, straw, straw, maybe the Ukrainians braked the cart with a bundle of straw?) - slow down
garth - Haertung, die - tempering, hardening
gartuvati - haerten - to temper (in the village of Bobrik, Brovarsky district of Kiev region, a dialect word derived from gartuvati was used - gartanachka, meaning potatoes baked in a pot on a fire)
gas - Gas, das (German gas) - kerosene
gatunok - Gattung, die - grade, type, variety, quality
hubbub - Gewalt, die (German violence, power) - a loud cry
gvaltuvati - Gewalt, die (German violence, power), jemandem Gewalt antun (German to rape someone) - to rape
gendluvati - handeln - to trade (in Ukrainian, it is more often used in an ironic, condemning sense)
hetman (the word hetman came to the Ukrainian language through the Polish language) - Hauptmann, der (German captain, centurion, chief) - hetman
gescheft - Gescheft, das (German business, occupation, business, shop) - commercial business
gop! (exclamation) - Hops, der, hops !, hopsassa! (in it - jump, jump) - gop!
hopak - Hops, der, hops !, hopsassa! (German jump, jump) - hopak, Ukrainian dance
grati (plural, plural) - Gitter, das - lattice (prison or window)
soil - Grund, der, (German soil, bottom, land) - soil, base, justification
ground - gruendlich - thoroughly,
primer - gruendlich - solid
gruntuvati, obgruntuvati - gruenden (German to lay the foundation for something, to justify) - to justify
gukati - gucken, kucken, qucken (German to watch) - call someone from a distance, call loudly
guma - Gummi, der - rubber, rubber
gumium - Gummi- - rubber, rubber
humor - Humor, der, nur Einz. - humor
gurok, pl. Gurki - Gurke, die, - cucumber (dialect. heard in Gogolev, Kiev region)
Dah - Dach, das - roof
kings - Damespiel, der - checkers
drit - Draht, der, Draehte - wire
druk - Druck, der - pressure; printing (books, newspapers, etc.)
drukarnya - Druckerei, die - printing house
Drukar - Drucker, der - printer
drukuati - druecken - print
dyakuwati - danken - to thank
Edukatsiya (obsolete) - Edukation, die - education, upbringing; from this Latin word comes the Ukrainian adjective "edukovany" - educated, brought up. From this adjective emerged a distorted common people ironic "midicating" (an arrogant person with a pretense of being educated) and the expression: "midicating, only not mocking" (pretending to be educated, but still not published)
Zhovnir (obsolete) - Soeldner, der (in it. From Italian Soldo - monetary unit, Latin Solidus) - hired warrior
Zaborguvati - borgen - make debts, borrow
Istot - ist (German is, exists - the third person singular of the present tense of the verb sein - to be) - being (organism)
Kailo - Keil, der (German wedge, key, dihedral) - pick, a hand-held mining tool for breaking brittle rocks, a long steel pointed wedge mounted on a wooden handle
drops - Kappe, die - hat
chapel - Kapelle, die (chapel also has a meaning in it) - chapel
karafka - Karaffe, die - a pot-bellied glass vessel with a cork, for water or drinks, often faceted, a decanter
karbovanets - kerben (in it. to make notches, notches, but with something) - ruble, i.e. minted, serrated
karbuvati - kerben - to cut, mince (money)
kvach - in it. quatsch - colloquial. slap !, bam !, clap !, absurd; noun Quatsch, der (nonsense, rubbish, foolish) - a piece of rags to grease a frying pan, and in a child's game - the one who is obliged to catch up with other players and transfer with his touch the role of a kwach, the name of this game, an exclamation when transferring the role of a kwach
ticket - Quittung, die (receipt, receipt of something) - ticket (entrance, travel)
kelech - Kelch, der - goblet, bowl, vessel with a leg
kermo - Kehre, die, (German turn, meander of the road) - steering wheel
kermach - Kehrer, der - helmsman, helmsman
keruvati - kehren (in German it means to turn) - to manage, to lead
kleinodi - Kleinod, das - treasures, jewelry (through Polish.klejnot - jewel, precious object), regalia, which were military insignia among Ukrainian hetmans (mace, bunchuk, banner, seal and timpani)
dumplings - Knoedel, der (in German Knoedel = Kloss - dumplings without filling, made from many ingredients: eggs, flour, potatoes, bread and milk) - dumplings without filling or with filling
color - Couleur, die (in German this word is of French origin) - color
coma - Komma, das - comma
kohati - kochen (German to boil) - to love (kohati - to love only a person: a girl, a child, etc.)
kost (for sviy kost) - Kost, die (German food, table, food, subsistence) - expense (at your own expense)
koshtoris - der Kostenplan (pronounced koshtenplan) - estimate
koshtuvati (skilki koshtuє?) - kosten (was kostet?) - cost (how much does it cost?)
krawatka - Krawatte, die - tie
kram - Kram, der - goods
kramar - Kraemer, der - shopkeeper, small trader, huckster
kramnitsa - Kram, (German goods) - shop, shop
kreida - Kreide, die - chalk
criminal - kriminell - criminal
kriza - Krise, die - crisis
krumka (hliba) - Krume, die (German (bread) crumb, pl.crumbs, arable layer of the earth) - a slice, a cut piece of bread
kustuvati - kosten - to taste
kshtalt (via Polish from German) - Gestalt, die - sample, type, form
on kshtalt - nach Gestalt, - in the image and likeness
kilim - Kelim, der - carpet (in German and Ukrainian, this is a word of Turkish origin)
kitsya - Kitz, das, Kitze, die - kitty
Lan - Land, das (German country, land, soil) - cornfield, field
lantukh - Leintuch (German linen shawl, linen) - in a row, spindle (coarse sackcloth or clothing), a large sack made of a row or ponitka (“ponitok” is a peasant homespun half-cloth), sacking for covering carts, for drying grain bread, etc. The word got into the Ukrainian language from German through Polish (lantuch - rag, rag).
lantsyug - Langzug (German long rod, long line) - rope
leibik (dialect word) - Bavarian-Austrian leibel, German. leibl, laibl, laibli - men's or women's outerwear (sleeveless)
Lement (duzhe golosna rozmova; galas) - Lamentation (complaint, scream) - a very loud conversation; shout, lamentation.
lementuvati (speak even more vocally; galasuvati; shout out from the pain, countrymen anyway, volayuchi about help; zchinyat gamir, galasuyuchi at once (about people); shout (about tvarin, ptahiv and in.); anxiously: to come forth, actively discussing yogo, hiding to new respect for the wide community; - lamentieren (complain, lament, loudly express your displeasure) - speak very loudly, scream, wail; scream in pain or call for help; raise a noise (about people); shout (about animals , birds, etc.); dismissively: to show interest in any issue, actively discuss it, attracting the attention of the general public to it.
lizhko - liegen (German to lie) - bed
lihtar - from him. Licht, das light, fire - lantern
deprive, deprive - from it. lassen (in it - this verb means "leave" and many other meanings) - leave, leave
meadow - from him. Lauge, die - alkali, lye
lioh - from him. Loch, das (German.hole, hole, hole, pocket, ice hole, peephole, hole) - cellar
lusterko - from him. Luest, die (German joy, pleasure) - mirror
lyada - from him. Lade, die (German chest, drawer) - a movable lid, a door that closes a hole inside something, a chest lid
Maluvati - malen - to draw
baby - malen (to draw) - drawing
painter - Maler, der - painter, artist
manierlich (German courteous, polite, well-bred) - emphatically courteous, cutesy
matir - Mutter, die - mother
melduvati - melden - register, notify, report
melasa - Melasse, die - molasses (sweet thick brown syrup, which is a waste when making sugar)
blizzard - Schmetterling, der - butterfly (insect), moth
morgue - Grossen Magdeburger Morgen; 0.510644 Hektar - unit of land area; 0.5 hectares (Western Ukrainian dialect)
moore - Mauer, die - stone (brick) wall
musiti - muessen - to be obliged, must
Lash - Nagaika, die (Cossack lash woven from strips of leather) - lash
draw - Riss, der (drawing, plan, sketch, sketch) - sketch (short prose fiction)
naphtha - Nafta, die (obsolete) - oil
nisenitnytsya - Sensus, der, Sinn, der (German "Sensus", "Sinn" - meaning; Ukrainian "sens" - meaning - come from Latin "sensus") - nonsense, absurdity, absurdity, absurdity, nonsense
nirka - Niere, die - kidney (human or animal organ)
Oliya - Oel, das (German liquid vegetable or mineral oil, oil) - liquid vegetable oil
ocet (in Ukrainian from Latin acetum) - Azetat, das (German acetate, acetic acid salt) - vinegar
Pava - Pfau, der - peacock
palace - Palast, der - palace
papier - Papier, das - paper
passuvati - passsen - to approach something (to the face, etc.), to be in time
Penzel - Pinsel, der - brush (for drawing or painting)
perlina (pearl) - Perle, die - pearl, pearl
peruca - Peruecke, die - wig
perucarnia - Peruecke, die (German wig) - hairdresser
pilav - Pilaw (reads pilaf), (in German options: Pilaf, Pilau), der - pilaf, an oriental dish of lamb or game with rice
pinsel - Pinsel, der - brush (for painting)
plate - Platte, die - plate, plate
platz - Platz, der - area (in the village)
plundruvati - pluendern - to plunder, plunder, devastate
dance - Flasche, die - bottle
pump - Pumpe, die - pump, pump (in Russian the word "pump" is used less often)
porcelain - Porzellan, das - porcelain
poof - happen (nach D), haeppchenweise - hastily, to grab (something with your teeth, mouth, eat hastily, swallow food in chunks)
proposition - poponieren (to offer) - proposal
proponuvati - poponieren - offer
private - privat - private, personal, personal
Rada - Rat, der - council (instruction or collegial body); cognate Ukrainian words: radnik - advisor; narada - meeting
ratsiya (in vislovi: ti maєsh ratsiu) - Ratio, die (German reason, logical thinking) - rightness (in the expression: you are right)
rahuvati - rechnen - to count (money, etc.)
rahunok - Rechnung, die - counting, counting
rashta - Rest, der - remainder
Rille - Rille, die in it. furrow groove, groove - plowed field, systematically cultivated land
robotar - Roboter, der - robot
risik - Risiko, das - risk
trough - Rohr, das - gutter, groove
rice - Riss, der (crack, crack) - trait (characteristic feature)
risk - Ri ;, der (crack, gap) - dash, line (sign)
rura (obsolete word) - Rohr, das - (water) pipe
ryatuvati - retten - to save
Selera - Sellerie, der oder die - celery
sens - Sensus, der, Sinn, der - meaning (in German and Ukrainian languages this word came from Latin)
scorbut - Skorbut, der - tsynga
relish - Geschmack, der - taste
smakuwati - schmecken - to taste
savory - schmackhaft - tasty, tasty
list - Spiess, der - spear
rates - Stau, Stausee, der - pond
statute - Statut, das - charter
strike - Streik, der - strike, strike (from English)
strіkha - Stroh, das (straw); Strohdach, das (thatched roof) - thatched roof
strum - Strom, der - electric current
strumok - Strom, der (German river, stream) - stream
string - Strunk, der (German stem, stem) - slender
stribati - streben (German to strive) - to jump
banner - goes back to Old Scandal. stoeng (Old Swedish - stang) "staff, pole" - flag, banner
Teslyar - Tischler, der - joiner
torturi (in Ukrainian it is used only in the plural) - Tortur, die - torture
tremtiiti - Trema, das (German trembling, fear) - to tremble
Ugorshchina - Ungarn, das - Hungary
Fainy (Western Ukrainian dialect) - fein (German thin, small, graceful, noble, rich, good, excellent, weak, quiet, beautiful) - beautiful (in Western Ukrainian dialect this word comes from English)
farba - Farbe, die - paint
farbuvats - farben - to paint
fach - Fach, das - specialty
Fakhivets - Fachmann, der - specialist
fortress - Fort, das, -s, -s - fort, fortress
jointer - Fugebank, die, pl. Fugebaenk - jointer
wagon - Fuhre, die - cart
furman - Fuhrmann, der - carter
Hapati - happen (nach D) (in it - grab something with your teeth, mouth, eat hastily, swallow food in chunks) - grab
hut - Huette, die (German hut, hut, hut, cabin) - house
hut - Huette, die (German hut, hut, hut, cabin) - hut
farm - Huette, die (German hut, hut, hut, cabin) - farm
Zwirinkati - zwitschen - twitter, tweet
tsvyakh - Zwecke, die (in it, a short nail with a wide head, a button) - a nail
cegla - Ziegel, der - brick
tseglyarnya - Ziegelei, die - brick factory
ceber - Zuber, der - tub, tub with ears
zil - Ziel, das - goal
tsibulya - Zwiebel, die - onion (plant)
civilian - zivil - civilian, civilian
qing (obsolete) - Zinn, das - tin
tsitska (roughly) - Zitze, die - female breast
zukor - Zucker, der - sugar
Succession - Herde, die - herd, herd, herd, flock
chipati - ziepen jemandem - jemandem an den Haaren oder an der Haut schmerzhaft ziehen - it hurts to pull someone's hair or skin - touch, touch someone
Chablis - Saebel, der - saber
chess - Schachspiel, das - chess
shahrai - Schacherei, die (German small trade, doing business, bargaining) - a swindler
Shafar (obsolete appeal to God) - schaffen (German to create) - Creator
shibenik - schieben schieben (German to move, push) - gallows, bully
shibenitsa - schieben (German to move, push) - gallows
shibka - Scheibe, Fensterscheibe, die - window glass
shank - Schincken, der oder die - ham, a piece of ham
shinkar - Schenk, der - innkeeper
shinok - Schenke, der - tavern, pub
shlyach - from the German schlagen - to beat, tamp - road, path
shop (West Ukrainian dialect), - Schuppen, der - a fenced-off part of a yard or a barn, most often with walls made of boards (especially for storing carts and other equipment)
shpatsiruvati - spazieren - to walk
shuhlyada - Schublade, die - drawer
Scherbatiy - Scherbe, die, (in German, a shard, a fragment) - with one dropped, knocked out or broken off tooth (this word is also in Russian)
Fair - Jahrmarkt, der, (there is an annual market in it) - fair (this word is also in Russian)
accentuwati - akzentuiren - to underline, highlight, put an accent mark
arbor - Altan, der, Balkon mit Unterbau (in German from Italian alt - high) - arbor, arbor. At first, this was the name for large balconies, then - platforms, ledges and gazebos from which you can admire the surrounding landscape.
bavovna - Baumwolle, die - cotton
bagnet - Bajonett, das - bayonet
bastard - Bastard, der, (in it. from French) - bastard, illegitimate child
blakitny - blau - blue, sky color
badge - Blech, das - tin
plaques (plaques dah) - blechern (blechernes Dach) - tin (tin roof)
borg - Borg, der - debt, loan
brakuvati (chogos) - brauchen - to need (something), to miss (something);
mei marriageє (chogos) - es braucht mir (etwas) - I lack (something), I need (something);
my marriageє pennies - es braucht mir Geld - I do not have enough money, I need money; to my marriageє hour - es braucht mir Zeit - I don’t have enough time, I don’t have time
brovar - Brauer, der - brewer (the name of the regional center in the Kiev region of Brovary comes from the word "brovar")
brewery - Brauerei, die - brewery, brewery
brewery - Brauerei, die - brewing
brutal - brutal - rude
brucht - Bruch, der - scrap, scrap metal
buda, booth - Bude, die - it. shop, stall, gatehouse;
buduvati - Bude, die (German shop, stall, gatehouse) - to build
booth - Bude, die (German shop, stall, gatehouse) - building, house
burnus - Burnus, der, -nusse, - Arabian cloak with a hood
bursa - Burse, die - bursa, a medieval school with a hostel
bursak - Burse, der, - a student of a bursa
wabiti - Wabe, die (German honeycomb) - to attract
wagatis - vage (German indefinite, wobbly) - to hesitate, hesitate
vagitna (woman) - waegen (German to weigh) - pregnant ("put on weight")
wagi - Waage, die - scales;
important - Waage, die (German scales) - weighty, important;
vazhiti - Waage, die (German scales), waegen (German weigh) - weigh, weigh;
warta - Wart, der (German guardian, guardian) - guard;
vartoviy - Wart, der (German: keeper, guardian) - sentry;
vartuvati - warten (German to wait, take care of a child or a sick person, perform official duties) - to stand by the clock; guard, guard
watch - Wache, die, Wachte, die, - security, military guard, naval watch, shift;
vvazhati - waegen (German to dare, dare, take risks) - to have an opinion
viserunok - (from German Visier, das - visor) - pattern
out - Wolle, die - wool
vogky - feucht - wet
guy - Hain, der - grove, woods, copse, oak grove
Haiduk - Haiduck (Heiduck), der (from Hungarian hajduk - driver) (German Hungarian mercenary warrior, partisan, Hungarian courtier) - mercenary warrior, servant, mobile footman
hook - Haken, der - hook, hook, hook
galmo - Halm, der (in German, a stem, straw, straw, maybe the Ukrainians braked the cart with a bundle of straw?) - brake
galmuvati - Halm, der (in German, a stem, straw, straw, maybe the Ukrainians braked the cart with a bundle of straw?) - slow down
garth - Haertung, die - tempering, hardening
gartuvati - haerten - to temper (in the village of Bobrik, Brovarsky district, Kiev region, a dialect word derived from gartuvati was used - gartanachka, meaning potatoes baked in a pot on a fire)
gas - Gas, das (German gas) - kerosene
gatunok - Gattung, die - grade, type, variety, quality
hubbub - Gewalt, die (German violence, power) - a loud cry
gvaltuvati - Gewalt, die (German violence, power), jemandem Gewalt antun (German to rape someone) - to rape
gendluvati - handeln - to trade (in Ukrainian, it is more often used in an ironic, condemning sense)
hetman (the word hetman came to the Ukrainian language through the Polish language) - Hauptmann, der (German captain, centurion, chief) - hetman
gescheft - Gescheft, das (German business, occupation, business, shop) - commercial business
gop! (exclamation) - Hops, der, hops !, hopsassa! (in it - jump, jump) - gop!
hopak - Hops, der, hops !, hopsassa! (German jump, jump) - hopak, Ukrainian dance
grati (plural, plural) - Gitter, das - lattice (prison or window)
soil - Grund, der, (German soil, bottom, land) - soil, base, justification
ground - gruendlich - thoroughly,
primer - gruendlich - solid
gruntuvati, obgruntuvati - gruenden (German to lay the foundation for something, to justify) - to justify
gukati - gucken, kucken, qucken (German to watch) - call someone from a distance, call loudly
guma - Gummi, der - rubber, rubber
gumium - Gummi- - rubber, rubber
humor - Humor, der, nur Einz. - humor
gurok, pl. Gurki - Gurke, die, - cucumber (dialect. heard in Gogolev, Kiev region)
dah - Dach, das - roof
kings - Damespiel, der - checkers
drit - Draht, der, Draehte - wire
druk - Druck, der - pressure; printing (books, newspapers, etc.)
drukarnya - Druckerei, die - printing house
drukar - Drucker, der - printer
drukuati - druecken - print
dyakuwati - danken - to thank
edukatsiya (obsolete) - Edukation, die - education, upbringing; from this Latin word comes the Ukrainian adjective "edukovany" - educated, brought up. From this adjective emerged a distorted common people ironic "midicating" (an arrogant person with a pretense of being educated) and the expression: "midicating, only not mocking" (pretending to be educated, but still not published)
zhovnir (obsolete) - Soeldner, der (in it. from Italian Soldo - monetary unit, Latin Solidus) - hired warrior
zaborguvati - borgen - make debts, borrow
ist - ist (German is, exists - the third person singular of the present tense of the verb sein - to be) - being (organism)
drops - Kappe, die - hat
chapel - Kapelle, die (chapel also has a meaning in it) - chapel
karafka - Karaffe, die - a pot-bellied glass vessel with a cork, for water or drinks, often faceted, a decanter
karbovanets - kerben (in it. to make notches, notches, but with something) - ruble, that is, minted, with notches
karbuvati - kerben - to cut, mince (money)
kvach - in it. quatsch - colloquial. slap !, bam !, clap !, absurd; noun Quatsch, der (nonsense, rubbish, foolish) - a piece of rags to grease a frying pan, and in a child's game - the one who is obliged to catch up with other players and transfer with his touch the role of a kwach, the name of this game, an exclamation when transferring the role of a kwach
ticket - Quittung, die (receipt, receipt of something) - ticket (entrance, travel)
pick - Keil, der (German wedge, key, dihedral) - pick, a hand-held mining tool for breaking off brittle rocks, a long steel pointed wedge mounted on a wooden handle
kelech - Kelch, der - goblet, bowl, vessel with a leg
kermach - Kehrer, der - helmsman, helmsman
kermo - Kehre, die, (German turn, meander of the road) - steering wheel
keruvati - kehren (in German it means to turn) - to manage, to lead
kleinodi - Kleinod, das - treasures, jewelry (through Polish.klejnot - jewel, precious object), regalia, which were military insignia among Ukrainian hetmans (mace, bunchuk, banner, seal and timpani)
dumplings - Knoedel, der (in German Knoedel = Kloss - dumplings without filling, made from many ingredients: eggs, flour, potatoes, bread and milk) - dumplings without filling or with filling
color - Couleur, die (in German this word is of French origin) - color
coma - Komma, das - comma
kohati - kochen (German to boil) - to love
kost (for sviy kost) - Kost, die (German food, table, food, subsistence) - expense (at your own expense)
koshtoris - der Kostenplan (pronounced koshtenplan) - estimate
koshtuvati (skilki koshtuє?) - kosten (was kostet?) - cost (how much does it cost?)
krawatka - Krawatte, die - tie
kram - Kram, der - goods
kramar - Kraemer, der - shopkeeper, small trader, huckster
kramnitsa - Kram, (German goods) - shop, shop
kreida - Kreide, die - chalk
criminal - kriminell - criminal
kriza - Krise, die - crisis
krumka (hliba) - Krume, die (German (bread) crumb, pl.crumbs, arable layer of the earth) - a slice, a cut piece of bread
kustuvati - kosten - to taste
kshtalt (via Polish from German) - Gestalt, die - sample, type, form
kilim - Kelim, der - carpet (in German and Ukrainian, this is a word of Turkish origin)
kitsya - Kitz, das, Kitze, die - kitty
lan - Land, das (German country, land, soil) - cornfield, field
lantuch - Leintuch (German linen shawl, linen) - in a row, spindle (coarse sackcloth or clothing), a large sack made of a row or ponitka (“ponitok” is a peasant homespun half-cloth), sacking for covering carts, for drying grain bread, etc. The word got into the Ukrainian language from German through Polish (lantuch - rag, rag).
lantsyug - Langzug (German long rod, long line) - rope
Lement (duzhe golosna rozmova; galas) - Lamentation (complaint, scream) - a very loud conversation; shout, lamentation.
lementuvati (speak even more vocally; galasuvati; shout out from the pain, countrymen anyway, volayuchi about help; zchinyat gamir, galasuyuchi at once (about people); shout (about tvarin, ptahiv and in.); anxiously: to come forth, actively discussing yogo, hiding to new respect for the wide community; - lamentieren (complain, lament, loudly express your displeasure) - speak very loudly, scream, wail; scream in pain or call for help; raise a noise (about people); shout (about animals , birds, etc.); dismissively: to show interest in any issue, actively discuss it, attracting the attention of the general public to it.
lizhko - liegen (German to lie) - bed
lihtar - from him. Licht, das light, fire - lantern
deprive, deprive - from it. lassen (in it. - this verb means "leave" and many other meanings) - leave, leave
meadow - from him. Lauge, die - alkali, lye
lioh - from him. Loch, das (German.hole, hole, hole, pocket, ice hole, peephole, hole) - cellar
lusterko - from him. Luest, die (German joy, pleasure) - mirror
lyada - from him. Lade, die (German chest, drawer) - a movable lid, a door that closes a hole inside something, a chest lid
maluvati - malen - to draw
baby - malen (to draw) - drawing
painter - Maler, der - painter, artist
manierlich (German courteous, polite, well-bred) - emphatically courteous, cutesy
matir - Mutter, die - mother
melasa - Melasse, die - molasses (sweet thick brown syrup, which is a waste when making sugar)
blizzard - Schmetterling, der - butterfly (insect), moth
morgue - Grossen Magdeburger Morgen; 0.510644 Hektar - unit of land area; 0.5 hectares (Western Ukrainian dialect)
moore - Mauer, die - stone (brick) wall
musiti - muessen - to be obliged, must
nisenitnytsya - Sensus, der, Sinn, der (German "Sensus", "Sinn" - meaning; Ukrainian "sens" - meaning - come from Latin "sensus") - nonsense, absurdity, absurdity, absurdity, nonsense
nirka - Niere, die - kidney (human or animal organ)
olia - Oel, das (German liquid vegetable or mineral oil, oil) - liquid vegetable oil
ocet (in Ukrainian from Latin acetum) - Azetat, das (German acetate, acetic acid salt) - vinegar
pava - Pfau, der - peacock
palace - Palast, der - palace
papier - Papier, das - paper
passuvati - passsen - to approach something (to the face, etc.), to be in time
Penzel - Pinsel, der - brush (for drawing or painting)
perlina (pearl) - Perle, die - pearl, pearl
peruca - Peruecke, die - wig
perucarnia - Peruecke, die (German wig) - hairdresser
pilav - Pilaw (reads pilaf), (in German options: Pilaf, Pilau), der - pilaf, an oriental dish of lamb or game with rice
pinsel - Pinsel, der - brush (for painting)
plate - Platte, die - plate, plate
platz - Platz, der - area (in the village)
plundruvati - pluendern - to plunder, plunder, devastate
dance - Flasche, die - bottle
pump - Pumpe, die - pump, pump (in Russian the word "pump" is used less often)
porcelain - Porzellan, das - porcelain
poof - happen (nach D), haeppchenweise - hastily, grab (something with your teeth, mouth, eat hastily, swallow food in chunks)
proposition - poponieren (to offer) - proposal
proponuvati - poponieren - offer
glad - Rat, der - council (directive or collegial body); cognate Ukrainian words: radnik - advisor; narada - meeting
ratsiya (in vislovi: ti maєsh ratsiu) - Ratio, die (German reason, logical thinking) - rightness (in the expression: you are right)
rahuvati - rechnen - to count (money, etc.)
rahunok - Rechnung, die - counting, counting
rashta - Rest, der - remainder
robotar - Roboter, der - robot
risik - Risiko, das - risk
trough - Rohr, das - gutter, groove
rura (obsolete word) - Rohr, das - (water) pipe
ryatuvati - retten - to save
Selera - Sellerie, der oder die - celery
sens - Sensus, der, Sinn, der - meaning (in German and Ukrainian languages this word came from Latin)
scorbut - Skorbut, der - tsynga
relish - Geschmack, der - taste
smakuwati - schmecken - to taste
savory - schmackhaft - tasty, tasty
list - Spiess, der - spear
rates - Stau, Stausee, der - pond
statute - Statut, das - charter
strike - Streik, der - strike, strike (from English)
strіkha - Stroh, das (straw); Strohdach, das (thatched roof) - thatched roof
strum - Strom, der - electric current
strumok - Strom, der (German river, stream) - stream
string - Strunk, der (German stem, stem) - slender
stribati - streben (German to strive) - to jump
banner - goes back to Old Scandal. stoeng (Old Swedish - stang) "staff, pole" - flag, banner
Tesler - Tischler, der - joiner
torturi (in Ukrainian it is used only in the plural) - Tortur, die - torture
tremtiiti - Trema, das (German trembling, fear) - to tremble
Ugorshchina - Ungarn, das - Hungary
Fainy (Western Ukrainian dialect) - fein (German thin, small, graceful, noble, rich, good, excellent, weak, quiet, beautiful) - beautiful (in Western Ukrainian dialect this word comes from English)
fach - Fach, das - specialty
Fakhivets - Fachmann, der - specialist
fortress - Fort, das, -s, -s - fort, fortress
jointer - Fugebank, die, pl. Fugebaenk - jointer
wagon - Fuhre, die - cart
furman - Fuhrmann, der - carter
hapati - happen (nach D) (in it - to grab something with your teeth, mouth, eat hastily, swallow food in chunks) - to grab
hut - Huette, die (German hut, hut, hut, cabin) - house
hut - Huette, die (German hut, hut, hut, cabin) - hut
farm - Huette, die (German hut, hut, hut, cabin) - farm
zwirinkati - zwitschen - twitter, tweet
tsvyakh - Zwecke, die (in it, a short nail with a wide head, a button) - a nail
cegla - Ziegel, der - brick
tseglyarnya - Ziegelei, die - brick factory
ceber - Zuber, der - tub, tub with ears
zil - Ziel, das - goal
tsibulya - Zwiebel, die - onion (plant)
civilian - zivil - civilian, civilian
qing (obsolete) - Zinn, das - tin
tsitska (roughly) - Zitze, die - female breast
zukor - Zucker, der - sugar
succession - Herde, die - herd, herd, herd, flock
chipati - ziepen jemandem - jemandem an den Haaren oder an der Haut schmerzhaft ziehen - it hurts to pull someone's hair or skin - touch, touch someone
chess - Schachspiel, das - chess
shahrai - Schacherei, die (German small trade, doing business, bargaining) - a swindler
shibenik - schieben schieben (German to move, push) - gallows, bully
shibenitsa - schieben (German to move, push) - gallows
shibka - Scheibe, Fensterscheibe, die - window glass
shank - Schincken, der oder die - ham, a piece of ham
shinkar - Schenk, der - innkeeper
shinok - Schenke, der - tavern, pub
shlyach - from the German schlagen - to beat, tamp - road, path
shop (West Ukrainian dialect), - Schuppen, der - a fenced-off part of a yard or barn, most often with walls made of boards (especially for storing carts and other equipment)
shuhlyada - Schublade, die - drawer
scherbatiy - Scherbe, die, (in German, a shard, a fragment) - with one dropped, knocked out or broken off tooth (this word is also in Russian)
fair - Jahrmarkt, der, (there is an annual market in it) - fair (this word is also in Russian)
Ukrainian words similar to German
The picture shows the Germans, III century A.D. In the picture - Ukrainians
In the Ukrainian language, you can find many words of Germanic origin, words common to the Ukrainian and German languages, as well as words similar to German. Knowing these words helps in learning German. There are more such words in the Ukrainian language than in Russian.
There are several reasons and eras of the emergence of common Ukrainian-German words. The Germanic and Slavic languages belong to the Indo-European language group and arose from the common proto-language of SANSKRIT. Therefore, in the Germanic and Slavic languages there are many similar single-root words; for example him. Mutter - Ukrainian. mother, mother; German glatt (smooth, slippery, quirky) - Ukrainian. smooth. During the era of the Great Migration of Peoples, for several centuries (in the 1st millennium AD), Germanic tribes (Teutons, Goths, etc.) passed through the lands of present Ukraine, including through the Lower Dnieper and Volhynia. In Volhynia, the Eastern Goths were located in the 2nd - 5th centuries. AD Part of the German-speaking population did not go west along with the majority of their fellow tribesmen, but continued to live on the lands of present-day Ukraine. Eastern Slavs appeared in Volhynia and the Dnieper region at about the same time, in the first half of the first millennium of the new era. Rare villages of some German-speaking tribes were interspersed with settlements of the Slavs. The inhabitants of these villages gradually merged with the Eastern Slavs and passed on to the latter part of their vocabulary. The German-speaking population influenced the language and culture of the Eastern Slavs, and later became related and merged with the Slavs. The ancient origin in the Ukrainian language of words related to Germanic is confirmed by the fact that among these words there are many that denote basic life concepts (buduvati, dakh). In the Kiev region, there is still a settlement GERMANOVKA, known by this name for more than 1100 years. In the IX century. AD, and perhaps even earlier, close communication between Russia and the Varangians began, who brought with them from Scandinavia the language of the North Germanic (Scandinavian) group. From the Varangians who came at the end of the 9th century. led by Prince Oleg to Kiev, these words got into the language of the Polyans and Drevlyans who lived in these places. Glades and Drevlyans spoke their own languages, close to each other. And since the time of Christianization, the role of the written language in all of Kievan Rus was played by the Church Slavonic language, in which the Slavic Bible of Cyril and Methodius was written. The Polyansky language was the spoken language of the Kiev principality and became one of the progenitors of the Ukrainian language. During the eventful thousand-year history of Ukraine, German words penetrated into the Ukrainian language in other ways. The penetration of German words into the Ukrainian language continued first through the Polish language during the times of the Polish-Lithuanian state, which for a long time included Ukraine, and later through Galicia, which was part of Austria-Hungary for a long time. Since ancient times, German specialists have come to Ukraine (builders, carpenters, blacksmiths, brewers, bakers, directors, management personnel, etc.). They all brought with them the terms of their professions.
Not all the words of the Ukrainian language, which have the same root with German, got into the Ukrainian language directly from the German language. Words common to these languages may have other origins. Certain German words entered Ukraine through Yiddish, the language of Eastern European Ashkinazi Jews. for example, the word gwalt (shout, noise), Gewalt, which in German means power, violence.
The presence in the Ukrainian language of many words common to the Ukrainian and German languages is also explained by the borrowing by these languages of international words from Latin, Greek, French, English and other languages. In the Ukrainian and German languages there are many similar international words of Latin, Greek, Hebrew, English and French origin. For example, the words kreida (Kreide, chalk), education (Edukation, education), fine (fein, beautiful). Some Ukrainian words in this glossary are not related to German words, but only accidentally similar, consonant with them.
It makes sense to indicate in one glossary all words common to the Ukrainian and German languages, regardless of their origin. Knowledge of these words helps in learning German.
When pronouncing the Ukrainian sound "g", it should be borne in mind that in most cases it is pronounced as a voiced sound, paired with a dull sound "x", and in Russian - as a voiced sound paired with a voiced sound "k". Therefore, Ukrainian words with the letter "g" are closer in sound to German words with the letter "h" (gartuvati - haerten - to temper).
In the glossary, first the Ukrainian word is given, then after a dash the German word, then the definite article showing the grammatical gender of the noun (in German), then in parentheses the meaning of this word in German, if this meaning does not completely coincide with the meaning of the Ukrainian word, then after dash - the Russian meaning of the Ukrainian word.
In this publication, special German letters ("acute" es, vowels with "umlaut") cannot be conveyed. They are transmitted by combinations of Latin letters -ss, -ue, -ae, -oe.
Accentuwati - akzentuiren - to underline, highlight, put an accent mark
arbor - Altan, der, Balkon mit Unterbau (in German from Italian alt - high) - arbor, arbor. At first, this was the name for large balconies, then - platforms, ledges and gazebos from which you can admire the surrounding landscape.
Bavovna - Baumwolle, die - cotton
bagnet - Bajonett, das - bayonet
bastard - Bastard, der, (in it. from French) - bastard, illegitimate child
blakitny - blau - blue, sky color
badge - Blech, das - tin
plaques (plaques dah) - blechern (blechernes Dach) - tin (tin roof)
borg - Borg, der - debt, loan
brakuvati (chogos) - brauchen - to need (something), to miss (something);
mei marriageє (chogos) - es braucht mir (etwas) - I lack (something), I need (something);
my marriageє pennies - es braucht mir Geld - I do not have enough money, I need money; to my marriageє hour - es braucht mir Zeit - I don’t have enough time, I don’t have time
brovar - Brauer, der - brewer (the name of the regional center in the Kiev region of Brovary comes from the word "brovar")
brewery - Brauerei, die - brewery, brewery
brewery - Brauerei, die - brewing
brutal - brutal - rude
brucht - Bruch, der - scrap, scrap metal
buda, booth - Bude, die - it. shop, stall, gatehouse;
buduvati - Bude, die (German shop, stall, gatehouse) - to build
burnus - Burnus, der, -nusse, - Arabian cloak with a hood
bursa - Burse, die - bursa, a medieval school with a hostel
bursak - Burse, der, - a student of a bursa
Wabiti - Wabe, die (German honeycomb) - to attract
wagatis - vage (German indefinite, wobbly) - to hesitate, hesitate
vagitna (woman) - waegen (German to weigh) - pregnant ("put on weight")
wagi - Waage, die - scales;
important - Waage, die (German scales) - weighty, important;
vazhiti - Waage, die (German scales), waegen (German weigh) - weigh;
warta - Wart, der (German guardian, guardian) - guard;
vartoviy - Wart, der (German: keeper, guardian) - sentry;
vartuvati - warten (German to wait, take care of a child or a sick person, perform official duties) - to stand by the clock; guard, guard
vazhiti - waegen - to weigh, weigh;
watch - Wache, die, Wachte, die, - security, military guard, naval watch, shift;
vvazhati - waegen (German to dare, dare, take risks) - to have an opinion
viserunok - (from German Visier das - visor) - pattern
out - Wolle, die - wool
vogky - feucht - wet
Guy - Hain, der - grove, woods, woods, oak groves
Haiduk - Haiduck (Heiduck), der (from Hungarian hajduk - driver) (German Hungarian mercenary warrior, partisan, Hungarian courtier) - mercenary warrior, servant, mobile footman
hook - Haken, der - hook, hook, hook
galmo - Halm, der (in German, a stem, straw, straw, maybe the Ukrainians braked the cart with a bundle of straw?) - brake
galmuvati - Halm, der (in German, a stem, straw, straw, maybe the Ukrainians braked the cart with a bundle of straw?) - slow down
garth - Haertung, die - tempering, hardening
gas - Gas, das (German gas) - kerosene
gatunok - Gattung, die - grade, type, variety, quality
gartuvati - haerten - to temper (in the village of Bobrik, Brovarsky district, Kiev region, a dialect word derived from gartuvati was used - gartanachka, meaning potatoes baked in a pot on a fire)
hubbub - Gewalt, die (German violence, power) - a loud cry
gvaltuvati - Gewalt, die (German violence, power), jemandem Gewalt antun (German to rape) - to rape
gendluvati - handeln - to trade (in Ukrainian, it is more often used in an ironic, condemning sense)
hetman (the word hetman came to the Ukrainian language through the Polish language) - Hauptmann, der (German captain, centurion, chief) - hetman
gescheft - Gescheft, das (German business, occupation, business, shop) - commercial business
gop! (exclamation) - Hops, der, hops !, hopsassa! (in it - jump, jump) - gop!
hopak - Hops, der, hops !, hopsassa! (German jump, jump) - hopak, Ukrainian dance
grati (plural, plural) - Gitter, das - lattice (prison or window)
soil - Grund, der, (German soil, bottom, land) - soil, base, justification
ground - gruendlich - thoroughly,
primer - gruendlich - solid
gruntuvati, obgruntuvati - gruenden (German to lay the foundation for something, to justify) - to justify
gukati - gucken, kucken, qucken (German to watch) - call someone from a distance, call loudly
guma - Gummi, der - rubber, rubber
gumium - Gummi- - rubber, rubber
humor - Humor, der, nur Einz. - humor
gurok, pl. Gurki - Gurke, die, - cucumber (dialect. heard in Gogolev, Kiev region)
Dah - Dach, das - roof
kings - Damespiel, der - checkers
drit - Draht, der, Draehte - wire
druk - Druck, der - pressure; printing (books, newspapers, etc.)
drukarnya - Druckerei, die - printing house
drukar - Drucker, der - printer
drukuati - druecken - print
dyakuwati - danken - to thank
Edukatsiya (obsolete) - Edukation, die - education, upbringing; from this Latin word comes the Ukrainian adjective "edukovany" - educated, brought up. From this adjective emerged a distorted common people ironic "midicating" (an arrogant person with a pretense of being educated) and the expression: "midicating, only not mocking" (pretending to be educated, but still not published)
Zhovnir (obsolete) - Soeldner, der (in it. From Italian Soldo - monetary unit, Latin Solidus) - hired warrior
Zaborguvati - borgen - make debts, borrow
Istot - ist (German is, exists - the third person singular of the present tense of the verb sein - to be) - being (organism)
Chapel - Kapelle, die (chapel also has a meaning in it) - chapel
karafka - Karaffe, die - a pot-bellied glass vessel with a cork, for water or drinks, often faceted, a decanter
karbovanets - kerben (in it. to make notches, notches, but with something) - ruble, i.e. minted, serrated
karbuvati - kerben - to cut, mince (money)
kvach - Quatsch, der (nonsense, rubbish, goofy) - a piece of rags for greasing a frying pan, in a children's game - the one who is obliged to catch up with other players and transfer with his touch the role of kwach, the name of this game, exclamation when transferring the role of kwach
ticket - Quittung, die (receipt, receipt of something) - ticket (entrance, travel)
pick - Keil, der (German wedge, key, dihedral) - pick, a hand-held mining tool for breaking off brittle rocks, a long steel pointed wedge mounted on a wooden handle
kelech - Kelch, der - goblet, bowl, vessel with a leg
kermach - Kehrer, der - helmsman, helmsman
kermo - Kehre, die, (German turn, meander of the road) - steering wheel
keruvati - kehren (in German it means to turn) - to manage, to lead
dumplings - Knoedel, der (in German Knoedel = Kloss - dumplings without filling, made from many ingredients: eggs, flour, potatoes, bread and milk) - dumplings without filling or with filling
kilim - Kelim, der - carpet (in German and Ukrainian, this is a word of Turkish origin)
kleinodi - Kleinod, das - treasures, jewelry (through Polish.klejnot - jewel, precious object), regalia, which were military insignia of Ukrainian hetmans
color - Couleur, die (in German this word is of French origin) - color
coma - Komma, das - comma
kohati - kochen (German to boil) - to love
kost (for sviy kost) - Kost, die (German food, table, food, subsistence) - expense (at your own expense)
koshtoris - der Kostenplan (pronounced koshtenplan) - estimate
koshtuvati (skilki koshtuє?) - kosten (was kostet?) - cost (how much does it cost?)
krawatka - Krawatte, die - tie
kram - Kram, der - goods
kramar - Kraemer, der - shopkeeper, small trader, huckster
kramnitsa - Kram, (German goods) - shop, shop
kreida - Kreide, die - chalk
criminal - kriminell - criminal
kriza - Krise, die - crisis
krumka (hliba) - Krume, die (German (bread) crumb, pl.crumbs, arable layer of the earth) - a slice, a cut piece of bread
kustuvati - kosten - to taste
kshtalt (via Polish from German) - Gestalt, die - sample, type, form
Lantukh - Leintuch (German linen) - in a row, spindle (coarse sackcloth or clothing), a large sack made of a row or ponitka (“ponitok” is a peasant homespun half-cloth), sacking for covering carts, for drying grain bread, etc. In Ukrainian the language came from German through Polish (lantuch - rag, rag).
lantsyug - Langzug (German long rod, long line) - rope
lizhko - liegen (German to lie) - bed
lihtar - from him. Licht, das light, fire; - lamp
deprive, deprive - from it. lassen (in it - this verb means "leave" and many other meanings) - leave, leave
lioh - from him. Loch, das (German.hole, hole, hole, pocket, ice hole, peephole, hole) - cellar
lusterko - from him. L; st, die (German joy, pleasure) - mirror
lyada - from him. Lade, die (German chest, drawer) - a movable lid, a door that closes a hole inside something, a chest lid
Maluvati - malen - to draw
baby - malen (to draw) - drawing
painter - Maler, der - painter, artist
manierlich (German courteous, polite, well-bred) - emphatically courteous, cutesy
matir - Mutter, die - mother
melasa - Melasse, die - molasses (sweet thick brown syrup, which is a waste when making sugar)
blizzard - Schmetterling, der - butterfly (insect), moth
morgue - Grossen Magdeburger Morgen; 0.510644 Hektar - unit of land area; 0.5 hectares (Western Ukrainian dialect)
moore - Mauer, die - stone (brick) wall
musiti - muessen - to be obliged, must
Nіsenіtnytsya - Sensus, der, Sinn, der (German "Sensus", "Sinn" - meaning; Ukrainian "sens" - meaning - come from Latin "sensus") - nonsense, absurdity, absurdity, absurdity, nonsense
nirka - Niere, die - kidney (human or animal organ)
Oliya - Oel, das (German liquid vegetable or mineral oil, oil) - liquid vegetable oil
ocet (in Ukrainian from Latin acetum) - Azetat, das (German acetate, acetic acid salt) - vinegar
Pava - Pfau, der - peacock
palace - Palast, der - palace
papier - Papier, das - paper
passuvati - passsen - to approach something (to the face, etc.), to be in time
Penzel - Pinsel, der - brush (for drawing or painting)
perlina (pearl) - Perle, die - pearl, pearl
peruca - Peruecke, die - wig
perucarnia - Peruecke, die (German wig) - hairdresser
pilav - Pilaw (reads pilaf), (in German options: Pilaf, Pilau), der - pilaf, an oriental dish of lamb or game with rice
pinsel - Pinsel, der - brush (for painting)
plate - Platte, die - plate, plate
platz - Platz, der - area (in the village)
plundruvati - pluendern - to plunder, plunder, devastate
dance - Flasche, die - bottle
porcelain - Porzellan, das - porcelain
poof - happen (nach D), haeppchenweise - hastily, grab (something with your teeth, mouth, eat hastily, swallow food in chunks)
proposition - poponieren (to offer) - proposal
proponuvati - poponieren - offer
Rada - Rat, der - council (instruction or collegial body); cognate Ukrainian words: radnik - advisor; narada - meeting
ratsiya (in vislovi: ti maєsh ratsiu) - Ratio, die (German reason, logical thinking) - rightness (in the expression: you are right)
rahuvati - rechnen - to count (money, etc.)
rahunok - Rechnung, die - counting, counting
rashta - Rest, der - remainder
risik - Risiko, das - risk
robotar - Roboter, der - robot
trough - Rinne, die - gutter, groove
ryatuvati - retten - to save
Selera - Sellerie, der oder die - celery
sens - Sensus, der, Sinn, der - meaning (in German and Ukrainian languages this word came from Latin)
scorbut - Skorbut, der - tsynga
relish - Geschmack, der - taste
smakuwati - schmecken - to taste
savory - schmackhaft - tasty, tasty
list - Spiess, der - spear
rates - Stau, Stausee, der - pond
statute - Statut, das - charter
strike - Streik, der - strike, strike (from English)
strіkha - Stroh, das (straw); Strohdach, das (thatched roof) - thatched roof
strum - Strom, der - electric current
strumok - Strom, der (German river, stream) - stream
string - Strunk, der (German stem, stem) - slender
stribati - streben (German to strive) - to jump
banner - goes back to Old Scandal. stoeng (Old Swedish - stang) "staff, pole" - flag, banner
Teslyar - Tischler, der - joiner
torturi (in Ukrainian it is used only in the plural) - Tortur, die - torture
tremtiiti - Trema, das (German trembling, fear) - to tremble
Ugorshchina - Ungarn, das - Hungary
Fainy (Western Ukrainian dialect) - fein (German thin, small, graceful, noble, rich, good, excellent, weak, quiet, beautiful) - beautiful (in Western Ukrainian dialect this word comes from English)
fach - Fach, das - specialty
Fakhivets - Fachmann, der - specialist
jointer - Fugebank, die, pl. Fugeb; nk - jointer
wagon - Fuhre, die - cart
furman - Fuhrmann, der - carter
Hapati - happen (nach D) (in it - grab something with your teeth, mouth, eat hastily, swallow food in chunks) - grab
hut - Huette, die - house
Zwirinkati - zwitschen - twitter, tweet
tsvyakh - Zwecke, die (in it, a short nail with a wide head, a button) - a nail
cegla - Ziegel, der - brick
tseglyarnya - Ziegelei, die - brick factory
ceber - Zuber, der - tub, tub with ears
zil - Ziel, das - goal
tsibulya - Zwiebel, die - onion (plant)
civilian - zivil - civilian, civilian
qing (obsolete) - Zinn, das - tin
tsitska (roughly) - Zitze, die - female breast
zukor - Zucker, der - sugar
Succession - Herde, die - herd, herd, herd, flock
Chei - Schachspiel, das - chess
shahrai - Schacherei, die (German small trade, doing business, bargaining) - a swindler
shibenik - schieben schieben (German to move, push) - gallows, bully
shibenitsa - schieben (German to move, push) - gallows
shibka - Scheibe, Fensterscheibe, die - window glass
shank - Schincken, der oder die - ham, a piece of ham
shinkar - Schenk, der - innkeeper
shinok - Schenke, der - tavern, pub
shlyach - from the German schlagen - to beat, tamp - road, path
shop (West Ukrainian dialect), - Schuppen, der - a fenced-off part of a yard or barn, most often with walls made of boards (especially for storing carts and other equipment)
shuhlyada - Schublade, die - drawer
Scherbatiy - Scherbe, die, (in German, a shard, a fragment) - with one dropped, knocked out or broken off tooth (this word is also in Russian)
Fair - Jahrmarkt, der, (there is an annual market in it) - fair (this word is also in Russian)
Glossary of Ukrainian words similar to German
Russian words in German
Oleg Kiselev
RUSSIAN WORDS IN GERMAN
Kiselev O.M. 2007
Any language has words of foreign origin. In German, words of Russian origin mainly relate to the specifics of Russian or Soviet life.
Abkuerzungsverzeichnis - list of abbreviations
Adj. - Adjektiv - adjective
Ez. - Einzahl - singular
frz. - franzoesisch - French
it. - italienisch - Italian
lat. - lateinisch - Latin
Mz. - Mehrzahl - plural
nlat. - neulateinisch - Novolatin
russ. - russisch - Russian
slaw. - slawisch - Slavic
tschech. - tschechisch - Czech
umg. - umgangssprachlich - from the spoken language
see - sieh! - look!
This glossary contains words of Russian origin, most of which an ordinary German understands without translation or explanation. Some of these words are understood only by advanced Germans. In German texts, such words are used without translation.
After the explanatory noun in brackets, the gender of the noun and the endings of the genitive (genitive) singular, as well as the nominative (nominative) of the plural are indicated. The meaning of these words is explained in German and Russian.
Aktiv, (das, -s, nur Ez.), - Personenegruppe, die eine Aufgabe in der Gesellschaft erfuellt (in Kommunist. Lagern) (lat.-russ.) - asset, (in communist countries)
Aktivist, (der, -n, -n), - 1.jemand, der aktiv und zielstrebig ist, 2.ausgezeichneter Werktaetiger (in der DDR) (lat.-russ.) - activist, active worker (in the GDR)
Apparatschik, (der, -n, -n), sturer Funktion; r (lat.-russ.) - apparatchik, stubborn (stupid, limited) functionary
Babuschka, Matr (j) oschka, traditionalle russische Puppe - in German it is often used instead of the word matryoshka
Balalajka, (die, -, -ken), russischem Zupfinstrument - balalaika, Russian plucked musical instrument
Barsoi, (der, -s, -s), russischer Windhund - greyhound, Russian hound
Borschtsch, (der, -s, nur Ez.), Eintopf aus Roten Rueben, Weisskraut, sauer Sahne u.a. (als polnische, ukrainische oder russische Spezialitaet) - borscht, Polish, Ukrainian or Russian first dish of beets and / or cabbage with sour cream
Beluga, (der, -s, -s), 1.kleine Walart, Weiswal, 2. (nur Ez.) Hausenkaviar, 3. Hausen (Huso huso L.) - 1.white whale, beluga whale, marine mammal of the dolphin family, 2.beluga caviar, 3.beluga, a genus of fish of the sturgeon family, anadromous fish of the Black, Azov, Caspian and Adriatic seas
Bistro, (das, -s, -s), kleine Gaststaedte mit einer Weinbar (russ.-frz.) - bistro, small cafe with a wine bar, snack bar, small restaurant (derived from the Russian word for "fast"; after the victory over Napoleon in 1814 Russian Cossacks in Paris used this word)
Blini, (das, -s, -s), kleiner Buchweizenpfannkuchen - pancakes (in Germany, they believe that pancakes are made from buckwheat flour)
Bojar, (der, -n, -n), altruss. Adliger, altrumaenischer Adliger - boyar (in ancient Russia or in former Romania)
Bolschewik, (der, -n, -n oder -i), Mitglied der Kommunistischen Partei der ehemaliges Sovjetunion (bis 1952) - Bolshevik, member of the Communist Party of the former USSR (until 1952)
bolschewisieren, (Verb), bolschewistisch machen - Bolshevize
Bolschewismus, (der, -, nur Ez.), Herrschaft der Bolschewiken, (nlat.-russ.) - Bolshevism, Bolshevik rule
Bolschewist, (der, -en, -en), Anhoenger des Bolschewismus - Bolshevik
bolschewistisch, (Adj.), zum Bolschewismus gehoerig - Bolshevik
Burlak, (der, -en, -en), Wolgakahntreidler, Schiffsziher - barge haule, a person from a group of people pulling a barge
cyrillische Schrift - see kyrillische Schrift
Datscha, (die, -, -n), Landhaus (in ehemalige DDR) - dacha, country house (formerly in the former GDR)
Dawaj-dawaj! - come on, come on! (in Germany they know this Russian expression, but do not understand its literal meaning; the expression was brought by prisoners of war who returned from Russia)
Desjatine, (die, -, -n), altes russisches Flaechenma; (etwas mehr als als ein Hektar) - tithe, an old Russian measure of area, slightly more than one hectare
Getman, (der, -s, -e), (dt.-poln.-ukr.), Oberster ukrainische Kosakenfuehrer, (from German Hauptmann - captain, centurion, chief) - hetman (Ukrainian), hetman (Rus. ) (in the Ukrainian language the word hetman came through in the Polish language
Glasnost
Gley (der, -, nur Ez.), Nasser Mineralboden - soil profile of green, blue or gray-rusty color due to the presence of ferrous iron (in Russian from English)
Gospodin, (der, -s, Gospoda), Herr - lord
Gulag, (der, -s, nur Ez.), Hauptverwaltung der Lagern (in der ehemaliges Sovjetunion) - Gulag, headquarters for camps in the former USSR
Iglu, (der oder das, -s, -s), aus Sneebloken bestehende runde Hutte des Eskimos - igloo, a round structure of the Eskimos, consisting of snow blocks
Iwan, (der, -s, -s), Russe, sowietischer Soldat; Gesamtheit der sowjetischen Soldaten (als Spitzname im II Weltkrieg) - Ivan, Russian, Soviet soldier, Soviet army (as a nickname in World War II)
Jakute, (der, -en, -en), Angehoeriger eines Turkvolkes in Sibirien - nationality, a person belonging to one of the Turkic peoples of Siberia
Jurte, (die, -, -n), rundes Filzzelt mittelasiatischer Nomaden - a yurt, a round tent of Central Asian nomads
Kadet, (der, -en, -en), Angehoeriger einer 1905 gegruendeten, liberal-monarchistischen russischen Partei, - Cadet, member of the Constitutional Democratic Party, created in 1905, supporters of the constitutional monarchy in tsarist Russia
Kalaschnikow (der, -s, -s), Maschinenpistole (im Namen des russische Erfinder), - Kalashnikov; Kalashnikov assault rifle (on behalf of the Russian inventor)
Kalmuecke (Kalmyke), (der. -En, -en), Angehoeriger eines Westmongolischenvolkes - Kalmyk
Kasache, (der, -en, -en), Einwohner von Kasachstan, Angehoeriger eines Turkvolkes in Centralasien - Kazakh
Kasack, (der, -s, -s), ueber Rock oder Hose getragene, mit Guertel gehaltene Bluse (durch it.-frz.) - wearing a dress or trousers and a blouse supported by a belt
Kasatschok, (der. -S, -s), akrobatischer Kosakentanz, bei dem die Beine aus der Hoke nach vorn geschleuden werden - an acrobatic dance of the Cossacks, in which the legs slide forward
Kascha, (die, -, nur Ez.), Russische Buchweizengruetze, Brei - porridge, in Germany the word "Kascha" is used mainly to denote buckwheat porridge
KGB - KGB, State Security Committee
Kibitka, (die, -, -s), 1. Jurte, 2. einfacher, ueberdachter russischer Bretterwagen oder Schlitten - 1. yurt, 2. wagon, a simple covered Russian cart or sleigh
Knute, (die, -, -n), Riemenpeitsche; Gewaltherrschaft - whip, belt lash, force control
Kolchos (der, das, -, Kolchose), Kolchose (die, -, -n), landwirtschaftliczhe Productionsgenossenschaft in Sozialismus - collective farm, collective farm, agricultural production cooperative under socialism
Komsomol (der, -, nur Ez.), Kommunistiscze jugedorganisation (in der ehemaliges UdSSR) (Kurzwort) - Komsomol
Komsomolze (der, -n, -n), Mitglied des Komsomol - Komsomolets
Kopeke, (die, -, -n), abbr. Kop. - penny
Kosak, (der, -en, -en), - freier Krieger, leichter Reiter; in Russland und in die Ukraine angesiedelten Bevoelkerungsgruppe - Cossack
Kreml, (der, -s, -s), Stadtburg in russischen Staedten; Stadtburg in Moskau und Sitz der russische Regierung; die russische Regierung - the Kremlin, the central fortress in ancient Russian cities, the Kremlin, the central fortress in Moscow, the Soviet or Russian government
Kulak, (der, -en, -en), Grossbauer, (von russisches Wort Kulak, bedeutet auch Faust) - wealthy peasant, fist
Kyrillika, Kyrilliza, kyrillische Schrift - slawische Schrift (slaw.) - Cyrillic, Church Slavonic font, the name of a group of Slavic fonts (Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Bulgarian, Serbian and Slavic) derived from the Church Slavonic script created by Cyril and Methodius
Leninismus, (der, -s, nur Ez.), Der von W.I. Lenin weiterentwickelte Marksismus (rus.-nlat.) - Leninism
Leninist, (der, -en, -en), Anh; nger des Leninismus (rus.-nlat.) - supporter of Leninism, Leninist
leninistisch, (Adj.), zum Leninismus gehoerig, darauf beruhend (rus.-nlat.) - related to Leninism, based on Leninism
Machorka (der, -s, nur Ez.), Russischer Tabak, - makhorka, Russian strong tobacco
Malossol, (der, -s, nur Ez.), Schwach gesalzener russische Kaviar - salted caviar
Matr (j) oschka, traditionalle russische Puppe - matryoshka
Molotowskokteul - Molotov cocktail; Molotov cocktail (the original name for Molotov cocktail originated in Finland during the Soviet-Finnish war of 1940)
Panje, (der, -s, -s), russischer Bauer, (scherzhaft, abwertend) - Russian peasant (ironically)
Panjewagen, (der, -s, -), kleine einfache russische Pferdwagen, (scherzhaft, abwertend) - a primitive Russian cart (ironically)
Papirossa, (die, -, -rosay), russische Zigarette mit langem, hohlem Mundstueck - a cigarette, a Russian cigarette with a long, hollow mouthpiece
Perm, (das, -s, nur Ez.), Juengste Formation des Paleozoikums (Geologie und Paleontologie) - Permian, early Paleozoic (in geology and paleontology), from the name of the Russian city of Perm
Perestrojka, (ohne Artikel), (der, -s, nur Ez.), Gorbatschtwsreformen, Umgeschtaltung in SU - perestroika, Gorbachev's reforms in the USSR
Petschaft, (das, -s, -e), zum Siegeln verwendeter Stempel oder Ring mit eingrawiertem Namenszug, Wappen oder; nlichen, (tschech.-rus.) - used to make an impression in soft material (in sealing wax) seal, stamp or ring with an engraved name, coat of arms, etc.
Pirogge, (die, -, -n), mit Fleisch oder Fisch, Reis oder Kraut gefuelte russische Hefepastete - Russian pies with meat, fish, rice or green stuffing
Pogrom, (das, -es, -e), gewaltige Ausschreitungen gegen rassische, religiose, nationale Gruppen, z. B. gegen Juden - pogrom, violent atrocities that are directed against racial, religious or national groups, such as Jews.
Podsol, (der, -s, nur Ez.), Mineralsalzarmer, wenig fruchtbarer Boden, Bleicherde - podzolic soil, poor in mineral salts and marginal soil
Politbuero, (das, -s, -s), kurz fuer Politisches Buero, zentraler leitender Ausschuss einer kommunistischen Partei - politburo, political bureau, central leadership of the communist party
Pope, (der, -en, -en), Geistlicher der russischen und griechisch-orthodoxen Kirche - priest, priest of the Russian or Greek Orthodox Church, priest
Rubel (der, -s, -), russische und ehemalige sowjetische Waehrungseinheit - Russian and former Soviet currency
Samisdat, (der, -s, nur Ez.), Selbstgeschribene oder selbstgedrueckte illegale Buecher
Samojede, (der, -en, -en), 1. Angehoeriger eines nordsibirischen Nomadenvolks; 2. eine Schlittenhundrasse - 1. Samoyed, a person belonging to one of the Siberian nomadic tribes; 2.breed of draft dogs
Samowar, (der, -s, -e), russische Teemaschine - Russian samovar
Sarafan, (der, -s, -e), ausgeschnitenes russische Frauenkleid, das ueber eine Bluse getragen wyrde (pers.-russ.) - Russian women's clothing (the word came to Russian from the Persian language)
Stalinismus, (der, -s, nur Ez.), 1. totalitaere Dictatur J. Stalins (1879-1953), die 1936-1939 mit der Ermordung von Millionen Menschen gipfelte; 2. Versuch den Socialismus mit Gewaltakten umzusetzen (rus.-nlat.) - Stalinism, 1. the total dictatorship of J.V. Stalin, repression and destruction of millions of people, the peak of repression and executions falls on 1936-1939; 2.Attempt to introduce socialism through violence
Stalinorgel, (die, -, -n), sovietischer rohrlose Raketenwerfer ("Katjuscha") - "Katyusha", the name of the Soviet barrelless rocket artillery, which appeared during the 1941-1845 war.
Steppe, (der, -s, -s), weite Grassebene - steppe, wide grassy plain
Sputnik, (der, -s, -s), kuenstlicher Satelit im Weltraum, is a satellite, an artificial space body revolving around a natural space body
Taiga, (die, -, nur Ez.), Nadelwald-Sumpfguertel (in Sibirien), (tuerk.-russ.) - taiga, natural zone of coniferous forests, coniferous forest (in Siberia), often swampy
TASS (die, nur Ez.), Ehem. staatliche Sovetische Pressagentur (russ., Kurzwort) - TASS, Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union
Tatar, (der, -en, -en), Angehoeriger eines t; rkischen Volks in der Sovjetunion (t; rk.-russ.) - Tatar
Troika, (die, -, -s), russische Gespannform, Dreigespann; Dreierbuendnis - a troika, a team of three horses, a team of three, a panel of judges that condemned the so-called. enemies of the people (in the former USSR)
Trotzkismus, (der, -, nur Ez.), Ultralinke Kommunistische Stroemung - Trotskyism, an ultra-left communist political trend
Trozkist, (der, -en, -en), anh; nger des Trotzkismus - Trotskyist, supporter of Trotskyism
Tscheka, (die, -, nur Ez.), Politische Politei der Sowjetunion (bis 1922) - Cheka, Cheka, political police at the beginning of Soviet power (until 1922)
Tscherwonez, (der, -, plural Tscherwonzen), altrussische Goldm; nze, 10-Rubelstuck (frueher) - ten-ruble gold pre-revolutionary Russian coin
Tundra, (die, -, Tundren), Kaeltesteppe (finn.-russ.) - tundra
Ukas, der, Ukasses, plural Ukasse, Zarenerlass, Anordnung (scherzhaft) - decree, command of the king or higher power
Werst, (die, -, -), altes russisches Laengenmass (etwas mehr als Kilometer) - an old Russian measure of the area, slightly more than one kilometer
Wodka, (der, -s, -s), russischer oder polnischer Getreideschnaps oder Kartoffelschnaps (manchmal mit Zusaetzen, zB Bueffelgrasswodka) - vodka, Russian (Wodka) or Polish (Vodka) a strong alcoholic drink made from grain or potatoes, sometimes infused with herbs (for example bison)
Zar, (der, -en, -en), Herschertitel (frueher, in Russland, Bulgarien, Serbien, Momtenegro) (lat.-got.-russ.) - king
Zarewitsch, (der, -es, -e), russischer Zarenson, Prinz - Tsarevich, son of the Russian Tsar
Zarewna, (die, -, -s), Zarentochter - princess, daughter of the king
zaristisch, (Adj.), zur Zarenherschaft geh; rig, zarentreu, monarchistisch - tsarist, tsarist, loyal to the tsar
Zariza, (die, -, -s oder Zarizen), Zarengemahlin oder regirende Herscherin - queen, wife of a king or reigning monarch
Kiselev O.M. 2007
Andrea Aboni
The West Ukrainian territories were backward parts of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, which became the reason that the language of instruction, the press fell under the strongly German influence, then - after the collapse of the monarchy - under the Polish one. German lexical elements have become so organically rooted in the Ukrainian vocabulary, both phonetically and morphologically, that in many cases their “alien” character has been lost. rude, kelikh, komin, ganchirka, kram, shafa, relish, ryatunok, frame, room, kartoplya, kreid, booths. Words of German origin are mostly associated with construction (verstat, trowel, damkrat, paste, valve, frame, coupling, jointer, tongue, hose, plasterer), art (harp, choreographer, tuning fork, bandmaster, leitmotif, dance), typography (paragraph , flyleaf, font), trade (accountant, bill, cashier, broker, fine), various household items (tie, apron, case, screen), tactical expressions (parapet, howitzer, guardhouse, freighter, officer, soldier,
field marshal, flank, headquarters, assault). From the dictionary
1.shpatsiruvati< нем. spazieren «гулять» - Udvari VI. 145. Укр. шпацірувати (Грінченко 4: 509);
2.melduvati< нем. melden «извещать, докладывать» - Udvari III. 74. Украинское мельдувати заимствовано из немецкого языка, можно предполагать, что посредством польского (ЕСУМ 3:
434);
3.labik< бав.-австр. leibel, нем. leibl, laibl, laibli «мужская или женская верхняя одежда (без рукавов)» - Udvari III. 20. Слово лейбик - диалектное слово немецкого происхождения. В украинский язык проникало посредством польского;
4.aresht< нем. Arrest «арест» - Udvari I. 49. Украинские слова арешт, арештант, арештувати, арештъ (XVII. в.), арестъ (XVIII. в.) - заимствования из немецкого языка (ЕСУМ 1: 83, Грінченко 1: 9).
5.warta< др.-в.-нем. warta, ср.-в.-нем. warte, нем. Warte «(сторожевая) вышка; стража, караул» - Udvari I. 156. Украинское варта (XVI. в.) - заимствование из немецкого языка, предполагается через польский (ЕСУМ 1: 333).
========================================
And one more note (http://www.proza.ru/2008/08/09/288) from Gariy Glikin
The fact is that my wife and I are permanently living in Nuremberg and are getting to know the German language with great interest. Benrath pointed out many examples of borrowings from German into Russian. And I would like to draw your attention to the numerous Ukrainian words that have the same root with German, but not with Russian.
Here are a few Ukrainian words that I have noticed, which, as it seems to me, may have origin either from German or from a common source with German (for example, Latin), but NOT THROUGH the Russian language, since in Russian, there are completely different roots:
kidney (part of the body) - nirka (pronounced dive) - die Niere;
expenses, funds for maintenance - koshti (pronounced koshty) - die Kosten (pronounced koshten);
estimate - koshtoris - der Kostenplan (pronounced koshtenplan);
hook - hook - der Haken;
harden - gartuvati (pronounced gartuvaty) - haerten (pronounced hetten, but hard - hart - hart);
to remain due (for example, money) - zaborguvati (pronounced zaborguvaty) - der Borg (loan); borgen - to borrow;
onion - tsibulya (pronounced cybula) - die Zwiebel (pronounced tsvibel);
roof - dah - das Dach;
specialty - fach - das Fach;
cellar - lioh - das Loch (pronounced lekh - burrow);
violence - gwalt - die Gewalt;
to be obliged (to do something) -mushiti (pronounced musyty) - muessen;
ham - shank (read shynka) - der Schinken.
The influence of Yiddish is not excluded, since German colonists appeared in Ukraine only under Catherine II, and Jews lived even during the times of the Zaporozhye Sich and the Commonwealth (Yiddish comes from one of the dialects of German).
I came across the German word die Baumwolle (baumwolle), sort of like wood wool, devils sho, I want to look in the dictionary, and my wife laughs: “Didn't you recognize Bavovna?
Bavovna is Ukrainian-style cotton.
Perhaps these words came to Ukrainian through Polish and, from the point of view of big science, are not considered borrowings from German. But I'm half, I see German roots in them.
And here are the words I noticed that seem to come from the English language as well:
strike - strike - der Streik; English strike;
charter - statute - das Statut; English statute;
lantern - lіkhtar (pronounced lichtar) - das Licht (pronounced licht - light; lighting); English light - light;
vegetable oil - olia (pronounced olia) -das; l (pronounced; yule); English oil - liquid oil (oil too?);
Porcelain is not necessarily derived from German - porcelain - das Porzellan (pronounced porcelain); la porcelaine - French; porcelain - eng.
However, the English or French origin of these words is doubtful, since the Ukrainian population and the Zaporozhye Sich did not have direct contact with England and France.
Some cases of syntax coincidence (combinations of words in sentences) are also noteworthy. In German, to wait for a friend is "warten auf Freundes", that is, the German verb warten (to wait) requires the preposition auf (na); in Ukrainian it will be "check ON a friend", that is, also with the preposition "on".
The German expression du machst Recht (lit. you have the right, in Russian - you are right) in Ukrainian is "ty maєsh ratsiyu".
