Exaltation: manifestations and correction in psychology. Exalted Personality Type: Signs, Features, Psychological Characteristics

The behavior of a person and his reaction to various events in life depend on the type of nervous system (temperament) and the most bright features (accentuations). The existence of Sanguinics, cholerics, phlegmatics and melancholic to the scientific community has been known since the ancient times. But the theory of accentuations is relatively young. The first work in this direction was published in Europe in the 70s of the twentieth century, and in Russia the names of the authors of the famous questionnaire Leongard and Schmishek became known only in 1983. As a result of the diagnosis on the basis of a new approach, a person can be assigned to one of the 10 types of accentuations, for each of which specific reactions to different types and intensities are characterized by the types of loads. These include an exalted type, which is pronounced about 15% of the Earth's population.

The concept of exaltation in psychology

Exaltation is a personality feature that manifests itself in an unusually intense reaction to any irritants is disproportionally bright and strong manifestation of emotions. Such behavior can be an episodic character when a person, for example, crying from happiness at a meeting after long-term separation. In this case we are talking On an exalted reaction, which manifested itself due to long restrictions, after waiting, feeling anxiety and fear.

In cases where a person is always characteristic and everywhere, it is incredibly violently to respond to any events, we are already talking about accentuations - a consolidated character line, which is associated with the extreme degree of manifestation of certain parties to emotional life. This is the extreme that has become a model of behavior is not directly related to the type of nervous system (temperament), it is poorly corrected by means of education and morality.

Exalted personals inevitably attract attention. They are always in the whirlpool of passions and strong emotions. Mood differences occur instantly, a person passes from the state of non-restrained fun and enthusiasm to the deepest despondency, tragically perceiving what is happening. A reason for such emotional "swings" is becoming any household trifle, which in the prism of the perception of an exalted personality is a weighty reason for sobbing or laughter.

Exaltation as a fixed model of behavior - business card Many characters of literature and cinema.

Exalted personalities are many among romantic characters defeated in a storm of emotions in connection with love experiences (Romeo from Romeo and Juliett, Nikolai Rostov from "War and Peace"). If we talk about characters, more close to us in time, then these are Ruby Rose (TV star from the film "Fifth Element") and King Julian (Lemur from the Madagascar cartoon).

The manifestation of such a type of accentuation is observed about 15% of people.. Their behavior is often taken for signs mental disorder. Affective explosions of uncontrolled emotions have nothing to do with psychiatric diagnoses. Therefore, exalted personalities in psychology and medicine are considered as people with preserved mental health.

Signs of an exalted personality

In addition to sharp drops of mood and unusually bright emotions, the exalted type of accentuation is characterized by the following features:

• loud voice;
• infectious laughter;
• friendly attitude towards people;
• openness and credulity;
• readiness to help;
• good nature;
• word;
• sentimentality.

Such people are happy to participate in mass promotions and global events, they love to be in the thick of events, but not always specifically strive to be in the spotlight. At first it happens to them spontaneously - such notable characters are difficult not to notice. Gradually, they are getting used to be in the forefront and with pleasure take marchs from others. They are not completely shy of manifestations of their feelings and very susceptible to other people's emotions - both positive and negative.

The owners of the exalted accentuation of the character are very in love, are often annoying in the manifestations of their no-indulgence, create a lot of noise and fuss. In their feelings, they are always absolutely sincere and demonstrate exactly what they feel. Exalted type people love and appreciate communication, their irrepressible energy requires constant activity, activity, and often the process turns out to be much more exciting the result. If, during the work of emotions, the exalted person would have lost interest, the exalted person will stop the started and no longer return to him.

These simplicity goodness never put a goal to manipulate someone with tears. All their stormy emotions come from a pure heart, and the excavating intensity of joy and sadness is a psychological feature that can be smoothed or intensified over time.

In the first case, the exaltation will gradually fade and the character of a person either becomes more harmonious and mature, or will acquire signs of another accentuation. In the event that emotional "swings" acquire even greater range of the range, it will be about border with a hysterical psychosis disorder. In contrast to the accentuation, which is an extreme version of the norm, psychotic disorders require compulsory medical intervention and adequate therapy.

How to determine the type of person?

Knowledge characteristic features Conduct is not enough to argue about the formation of a person's character accentuation on an exalted type. For an accurate result, an easy diagnostic procedure is used.

The formation of a personality according to the type of exalted accentuation (as well as in any other) can be determined using the classical diagnostic tool - the survey on Schmishek, based on the theory of German psychiatrist Charles Leongard on accentuations. Initially, the test of 88 questions relating to the various parties personality was used in psychiatric practice to distinguish between true disorders and border guards. Later was widely used in the work of psychologists with disharmonic personalities. In the late 70s. The XX of the V.Rski Psychiatrist E. A. Persuko created an alternative version of the diagnosis, allowing to comprehensively assess the severity of all possible personality accentuations. Interpretation of the results allows you to get detailed description Specific character traits peculiar to each of the types.

Often, diagnosis shows that a person formally demonstrating signs of an exalted nature has a pronounced exteroid accentuation. Externally, it manifests itself very similar - bright emotions, noisy behavior, sharp mood swings. But, unlike exaltate, the exteroid masterfully imitates emotions and demonstrates them in order to manipulate others. In this sense, the accurate diagnosis of accentuation is very useful: it allows you to open the deception and stop believing the theatrical emotions of the exteroid.

People who remind the exalted type with their emotional splashes, according to the results of the diagnostics, as representatives of the paranoid (paranoid) type of personality can be defined. Their bright flame speeches, permanent stay in the thick of events, the tendency to excessive gesticulating is similar to the exaltation. But the entire activity of paranoid is always associated with imaginary or real hazards, which he is trying to eliminate by all means.

It is important to understand that maximum values On the exaltation scale, obtained by the results of the diagnosis, are an alarming signal - such a model of behavior became incredibly durable, a person does not know how to manage his emotions and does not always understand the inappropriateness of their intensity. Such a state may be border, and after the transition of a dangerous turn, it will be about the development of mental disorder. Therefore, according to the results of the diagnosis good specialist It will definitely give recommendations that will help correct the behavior and smooth out the extremely stormy manifestations of accentuations.

At what age, the exaltation ceases to be the norm?

Directly in the exaltation is nothing bad and dangerous. At a certain age, such behavior is the norm. For preschoolers, 3-5 years are characterized by unrestrained laughter, intense gestures, strong chagrins for an insignificant adult reasons. It is to this period that the affective-exalted reactions include when the child laughs or crying so that he cannot stop himself, literally choking with emotions. As the emotional-volitional sphere develops, the child learns to manage its emotions and relate their intensity with the power of an irritant.

The next step, when accentuations on exalted type appear brightly, becomes teenage years. Against the background of the hormonal explosion and Pubertata, an adult child does not cope with emotions, laughs and crying without a visible reason, not always coping with him. And again as the hormones come to normal, and nervous system Purses, exaltation of a teenager is fading.

In the event that the nervous system is characterized by increased excitability, social environment Or other conditions prevented the strengthening of the nervous system and the emotional-volitional sphere, the teenage exaltation is sometimes observed in adults. The state of emotional instability is returned at any age from lovers, young parents. Exaltation often becomes an integral part of the life of people of creative professions - artists, poets, musicians, writers, designers. Many masterpieces of art were created in a state of emotional affect. This fact is perfectly consistent with the fact that in a psychological plan, many geniuses in some sense forever remain children capable of directly and brightly react to the world around.

It is appropriate to talk about the accentuation as a consolidated character, only in situations when excess and too intense emotions are the constant characteristics of the behavior and adult reactions.

- on an exalted fan, which only needs it, that under the window

night idol stands to stand, he, sorry, is not like. - Why "Sorry"?
- Well, you never know. Suddenly you have decided to acquire a fan. And

non-expertly exalted. And I take your last hope.

Max Fry. Wrench made of yellow metal

Exaltation (exalted) as a person's quality is a tendency to exercise an increased mood with excessive inspiration, unlimited and unrestrained enthusiasm about the simplest things and events, excessively stormy emotional reaction, reassessment of its qualities, appearance, abilities and opportunities.

Once on a hot summer day, a neighbor called in a walk. Sweet syrup served in a large jug. The owner gave a teaspoon hide, and he took a whole herncher and began to draw syrup from the jug. How much huzzle did not try, but I could not silence him. And the owner every time he will cry, flows into exaltation, exclaiming from delight: - Oh, dying! I will not suffer! Food of the gods! Die and not live!

In the end, Nasreddin threw a teaspoon and snatched her grandstitch from the owner: - Neighbor! Give me even time to die!

Exaltation - excited enthusiasm, inspired by revolving. Exaltation is constantly in an excited state and incessant enthusiasm. When a neighbor will randomly lend salt to it, she screams: - God, what happiness, that you looked at me on the light. I adore you, and long dreamed of meeting such a beautiful and wonderful person.

That is, a clearer fact causes a rapid emotional surge and limitless experiences from the exaltation. If a neighbor in his hands was a kitten, an exaltation, probably, would have experienced a feeling of complete happiness and a sense of emotional overcrowding. But, if a neighbor, referring to employment, he would refuse to enter, her mood would turn over one hundred eighty degrees, replaced by despair and complete despondency.

Drops of mood from passionate babysitting to fatal depression and longing - handwriting of the exaltation. The slightest failure, light disappointment for an ordinary person can become sincere and deep grief for the exaltation. She always includes the "Tears of Happiness" buttons and "readiness for despair".

There lived one rich collector of ancient statues, which he had a great set. They stood on the avenues of his beautiful park. Familiar sent to the rich one young student with a recommendation from local historical society so that he could familiarize himself with an amazing collection.

The manager reported to the owner of the guest's arrival, met him and led the park to the house. Covered by curiosity, the student stayed near each statue, enthusiastically sighed, fell into the despondency and despair that there are no such statues in his society, then again, as in the fever, trembled from joy and delight near the next statue and swallowed tears sorrow from understanding that they were He will never have. In the end, the manager could not stand: - Mr., you, in fact, to imagine: statues or their owner?

Exaltation sees or embellished, elegant world, or a pronounced black color of reality. Having craving for the beautiful, the exaltation has a good taste: it turns out good artistic natures, artists, designers, designers. Love for high art, nature, religious experiences, passion for sports, ideological quests are capable of fully, to the depths of the soul absorb the attention of an exalted person. Unrestrained dreamest and fantasy exertion uses elevated tones, colorful turnoves, suitive descriptions in its speech communication. Exalted people closely compassion, sincerity and altruism. At the same time, they are prone to panicity, falls and liftingness.

Studently expressing his feelings, the exaltation can every week fading to any patient partner. Who will like every minute shrinking: - No! You can't imagine how I love you! I adore you!? And this is pronounced everywhere - at dinner, on the street, in the car. Even the toilet and the bathroom does not save from the encroachment of the exaltation. It is not surprising that partners with enviable constancy run away from it, having soldered asking from such unbridled manifestations of love.

Exaltation is a variable condition: either in incredible happiness, or in a hopeless grief. Ready now hug the whole world, a minute later, in tears, she grabbed a tragic voice: "Everything disappeared!"

As it turns out, the friends of the friend on a mobile phone erased. Later she remembers that he is in the notebook and his other acquaintances know him. An exaltation of one hundred percent is confident in the sophistication of their tastes, the manner, the uniqueness of the worldview. She is always the right, all the rest of the loss.

FM Dostoevsky created unforgettable images of exalted women in the novels "Idiot" - Nastasya Philippovna and "Brothers of the Karamazov" - Katerina Ivanovna. Katya never loved her groom, thought over her - to save him. Therefore, she became his bride. Imaging yourself as a savior, she says: "- And if so, he still did not die! He is only desperate, but I can still save him ... I want to save him forever! Let him forget me as his bride! And now he is afraid of my honor for me!? After all, you, Alexey Fedorovich, did he not be afraid to open? Why am I still not deserved the same? - The last words she said in tears; Tears splashed out of her eyes. "

Exaltation makes her call to her home with a rival in a relationship with the Molders to make her allied in the save of Mitya. She is delighted with a pear: "Grushenka, angel, give me your handle, look at this chubby, small, charming handle, Alexey Fedorovich; Whether you see her, she brought me happiness and resurrected me, and I will kiss her now, and on top, and in my palm, here, so! .. - And she three times, as if in addition, he kissed him really lovely, too Maybe a plump handle of pears. " However, Katerina Ivanovna had to experience the spiritual flour frustration. The pear does not agree to save Mitu and declares: "So stay so in memory that you have kissed the handle, and I don't have any pen. So I and Mita will spend now how you kissed me a handle, but I don't have at all. And how he will laugh! " The mood of Katerina Ivanovna makes a sharp turn. Now the pear becomes a "disturbing woman" and "creating, always ready for services." Next, "with Katerina Ivanovna, a seizure was made. She sobbed, spasms squealing her. Everyone was fussing around her. "

A separate conversation about her behavior during the trial. At first she protects Mitu, reaching self-esteem. In his testimony, she tells how one day, saving his father, came to ask for the Mitya of the money: "There was something unparalleled, so even from such an unimpressive and contemptuously proud girl, as it was almost impossible to expect such a highly disconnection. , such a victim, such selflessness. And why, for whom? To save your traitor and offender, to serve at least something, at least small, to rescue it, producing a good impression in his favor. "

But after a few minutes, she listens to the testimony of Brother Mitya, Ivan, who loves more than his groom. Ivan accuses himself in incitement to the fatherland. And here then, the swelling feelings make Katerina Ivanovna occupy an absolutely opposite position. Shocked by pity to Ivan, and maybe a hug that his recognition will be taken seriously, she felt cruel hatred for Mita, considering him responsible for the mental illness of his brother. She shouts: "I tried to defeat him (mitu) by my love, love without end, I wanted to demolish him, but he did not understand anything. Yes, can he understand something! This is a monster! "

Dostoevsky continues: "Oh, of course, it is possible to say and so you can recognize only any time in my life - at a death minute, for example, bearded on the scaffold. But Katya was in his character and in his minute. It was the same rapid Katya, who rushed to the young libertine to save the Father; The same Katya, which is divecha, before all the public, proud and chaste, brought himself and girlfriend his sacrifice, told about the "noble act of Miti", so that only to mitigate his fate expected him. And now, in the same way, she also brought himself sacrificing, but for the other, and maybe only now, only at that moment, for the first time felt and comprehendly, as the roads of her other person. "

Having reached the limit of emotional arousal after his testimony against Mitya, Katerina Ivanovna flows into a hysterical fit: "A minute of messenger flew unexpectedly, and everything for so long and painfully climbed in the chest of an offended woman with a time, and again unexpectedly, it was unexpected. She betrayed Mitu, but betrayed himself! And of course, just managed to speak out, the tension was broken, and shame suppressed her. Again the hysteria began, she fell, sobbing and shouting. It takes it. "

Another example of exaltation. Nikolai Rostov - the hero of the novel of the Lion Tolstoy "War and the World" with delight and enthusiasm took the news of the war. Dreams of glory, courage, female enthusiasm literally sat him in the saddle and drove the war. Seeing the war to the crowd, his exaltation moved to another extreme: "And the heated, someone else's physiognomy of this man, who with a bayonet for an advantage, holding back his breath, easily rummaged to him, frightened Rostov. He grabbed a gun and, instead of shooting from him, threw them in a Frenchman and ran to the bushes that was forces. Not with that sense of doubt and the struggle with whom he walked to the Ensky Bridge, he ran, and with a sense of a hare running away from dogs. One inhabitant feeling of fear for his young happy life owned all his being. "

With the tail of the years, the youthful exaltation of Rostov was silent, my duty is to defend my homeland, it considers pragmatic: "Nikolai Rostov without any purpose of self-sacrifice, but by chance, since the war found him in the service, took a close and prolonged participation in the defense of the Fatherland and therefore without despair and Gloomy conclusions looked at what was performed only in Russia. If he had been asked what he was thinking about the current situation of Russia, he would say that he had nothing to think that there was Kutuzov and others. " In short, with age, the exaltation of Nikolai Rostov passed, as "with smoke white apple trees."

Peter Kovalev 2013.

In psychology, exaltation is considered as special property temperament close to psychopathy. Feelings and experiences of the exalted personality are always somewhat exaggerated. He sees the world black and white, without noticing halftone. Exalted brightly shows emotions where other people do not even notice the occasion for joy or sadness. Exaltation is characteristic of Sanguins and cholerics. Women are more likely to have this feature than men.

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Signs of exaltation

Exaltation is a tendency to emotional exaggeration. A man sharply moves from the state of happiness to an exorbitant grief. Such people exaggerate the most ordinary things, giving a lot of trifles. Another sign of exaltation - people overestimate their capabilities and abilities, because of what they often look ridiculous in the eyes of others. An exalted personality in minutes is changing the mood. Failure, even in the most insignificant lesson, leads to sadness and longing, and the most modest success - to the flavor.

Exalted people in love - and chatty, compassionate, sincere and capable of altruism. Fear they quickly go into panic. Due to the injured nervous system, such personalities are trying to avoid open conflicts, although they can enter into disputes and small crossings. The surrounding exalted people are awarded with arrogant views and contemptuous smiles. Their unshakable sense of excellence borders with a mania of greatness.

Since the exalted person is constantly experiencing strong experiences, it can find himself in the field of art, especially the theater. These people are inborn artists. They are pathetic expressed, capable of conveying to those surrounding any emotion, use the vesible descriptions, colorful turnover, elevated tones in communication. The rest seems to them insensitive, impenetrable. They themselves are believed to be unrecognized geniuses and subtle natures.

Exalted person:

• able to bow before anything or anyone;
• the admiration goes into deep despair;
• he loves to madness and hates all the fibers of the soul;
• has beloved animals, at the sight of which experiences a feeling of trembling, dignity, tenderness, excitement;
• completely does not tolerate some types of people - thick, thin, men, women, taxi drivers, etc.;
• noticing any feature in humans, can change the view about them to the opposite;
• enthusiasm the work of any artist, poet, musician, artist;
• crying over the tragic film literary work with a sad end;
• he has surrounded by people whom he deeply despises or hates;
• in most cases, its opinions, positions, tastes, the principles are different from the position of the majority.

Those who are peculiar to 9-10 of these statements are distinctly exalted. Coincidence with 5-8 statements means moderate exaltation, with 4 or less - this quality is missing.

What age is the exaltation

A two-year-old child expresses emotions very brightly. It moves from the hysteria to laugh in a few seconds. The exaltation is also peculiar to both youthful age, but as it matures it usually passes.

This feature is peculiar to everyone at a certain stage of growth and development. Most people, as their nervous system, reaches maturity, begin to control their emotions and behavior. Some personalities Stay "Eternal children" and they are talking about how about exalted adults.

Attitude of others

Excessive manifestation of emotions and their inability to control greatly complicates the life of an exalted person. He often has conflicts with others, it does not trust important assignments at work, it does not take deep personal relationships with him, as it is not known that he will throw out next minute.

Close an exalted person is always on guard, since their existence is full of surprises, and not always pleasant. Exalted people are poorly adapted for life. They can abuse alcohol, losing accommodation, become a victim of fraudsters. While there are parents and relatives, something irreparable is unlikely to happen. But in the second half of life, these people often remain alone and make themselves problems.

The meaning of the word exaltation is explained by psychologists as a tendency to pronounced splashes of emotions. These emotions are usually caused by both positive and negative factors and other people they can be alignificant.

Character Accentuation - Exaltation

Bright pronounced features of the exalted temperament close to psychopathy. This feeling could be called with temperament of happiness and anxiety and comparing the psychosis of these two feelings, accompanied by sharp fluctuations in mood.

But often the exaltation is manifested by itself, without concomitant mental violations. In this case, one should not talk about it as a disease, rather it is just a character trait.

Emotional Exaltation

Exalted people are maximalists, they react to life much emotionally than others. They are equally easy to bring delight and despair. Minor forms of exaltation are manifested in egoistic incentives and pride. Such a person seems to be the best of all. He is tied to his loved ones, is experiencing with them for their failures and rejoices their victories. Most often, an exalted person is carried away. He loves music, art, are interested in religious prescriptions, engaged in sports and self-development.

Another exaltation value is an incredible impressionability and a stormy response to sad events. Compassion and pity for unauthorized people and sick, abandoned animals sometimes reaches the absurdity. They can bring home and drink a homeless tea and, noticing that, along with his departure, some things disappeared, fall into the despondency. Light disappointment or failure, which ordinary person forgets the next day, can knock out an exalted person from a gauge. Nervous tension It can also be read in external manifestations. The feeling of fear and anger, which swept the person, cause a shiver, protrusion of sweat and others.

How to find out if you are prone to exaltation?

You are exalted if:

If you are peculiar to the exaltation of feelings - there is nothing terrible in this. If it is manifested in a slight degree - it is even good. You see the world in brighter colors than other people. You only need to learn to be more restrained and not to make stupid deeds dictated by your increased emotionality.

Under the exaltation, some mistaken is understood in clothes, some special external chic in a person who emit it from the surrounding gray mass. While the exaltation is the trait character, temperament, and from here - the behavior manner and to a certain extent the style of human life.

Sociologists interpret the concept of "exaltation", as an excited, enthusiastic condition, painful liqueness. There is such an expression: "Flit into exaltation." A similar condition is inherent in artistic agents living on emotions. They are extremely impressionable. Love for nature, art, ideological searches can capture exalted personality to the depths of the soul. They deeply experiencing the failures of their relatives and people close to them, just acquaintances, at the time when the tragedy itself does not see such a large-scale. The compassion for the animal, lonely and unhappy in their opinion can also bring such people to despair. The exalted lady in the rustling of compassion is able to pick up on the street and carry home the "abandoned" kitten, and the next day, after he "did a puddle" in her shuffle, internally tormented and hiding from foreign eyes, would take it back.

Also, under the notion of "exaltation" means a short-term period of increased excitability of nervous and muscle tissues, which then replaced by a phase somewhat reduced excitability. Change of mood, enthusiasm and disappointment - peculiar to people of this type. They are spelling, often arguing, but rarely roll up to open conflicts.

Massive exaltation

The state of exaltation can simultaneously cover large groups of people in the form of spontaneous excitement on certain events - fire, earthquake, other natural, and also social phenomena. Enthusiastic, extremely excited state of the masses can be caused artificially. For example, the phenomenon of massive exaltation is manifested at concerts of pop stars, during and after major sports competitions.

Exaltation in astrology

The term "exaltation" uses astrologers. They have it means the position of the planet in a certain part of its trajectory, the path. The planet in exaltation means the planet is not at home, not in his abode. She is in the "guest" and at the same time at work. Its impact on the zodiac sign is different. It is believed that if the monastery of the planet acts on an intuitive and instinctive level, then in exaltation - on emotionally sensual.