Decorative applique in dhow

  Galina Kaptsova

Goals: fix the names of geometric shapes in children, introduce wintering birds (crow, pigeon, bullfinch, woodpecker, sparrow); teach children to recognize birds by describing external signs in pictures; to develop in children general and fine motor skills of hands, orientation in space, imagination; learn to cut a square into two triangles; learn to stick bird shapes on a landscape sheet in a specific place.

Equipment: white album sheet, glue with a brush, napkins, rags, details appliques, pictures of birds, sample of birds (bird market) .

Before you start doing applying, preliminary work was carried out with the children. We talked about the life of birds in autumn and winter. Learned to write a descriptive story about a toy bird (modeled after the tutor). Read poems about birds.

All items for appliques  the teacher cuts out in advance.

1. First, the children lay out the details appliques  on a white landscape sheet without glue on the model.

2. Then we paste the parts in a certain order, starting with large ones.

3. Smooth applique  napkin from the middle of the parts to the edges. And this is what we got.

The guys really liked to cut, paste and fantasize.

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From black paper and using a hole punch we make blanks of black dots for ladybug. From the black paper we cut an oval.

Subject: Decorate the cup. Tasks: Educational: learn to arrange and stick objects in a certain sequence. Developing: fix.

Purpose. Develop creative skills  children, the desire to engage in application. Tasks. Consolidate children's knowledge of round and oval shapes.

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Subject: The concept and content of the application in the DOE.

Application - from the Latin word "application" - overlapping.

It arose in the 17th century.

A way to create artistic images from various figures cut from any material and pasted or sewn onto the corresponding background.

Are used different materials: leather, felt, cloth, birch bark, fur, fabric, straw, paper. Various techniques are available to preschoolers: crushing, rolling, different kind  cutting (cutting in a straight line to obtain geometric shapes - squares, rectangles; cutting corners in a straight line to obtain a trapezoid; cutting corners in a rounded line to obtain circles, ovals; cutting along the office, silhouette cutting; multi-layer cutting); cutting off, weaving.

Application is the easiest and most affordable way  creation by children of artwork that preserves the realistic basis of the image itself;

This is a didactic tool for the development of spatial thinking, fine motor skills, therefore, the development of speech and intelligence.

An activity that develops the ability to listen, understand and follow instructions, perform sequential actions, and coordinate the work of hands and eyes.

The application uses a different technique for attaching parts to the base (cardboard, fabric): gluing (the entire plane of the part or part of it) and sewing. Both are available to children.

The child needs to master not only special, but general labor skills: to set a task, to select necessary materials  and means for its implementation, plan the progress of work, monitor and evaluate the results.

Throughout preschool childhood, this type of labor is complicated and enriched, its content becomes fuller and deeper:

a) decorative patterns become more diverse and more complex; objects and subjects depicted in an applicative way;

b) the material used becomes more diverse;

c) the technique of execution becomes more diverse and more complicated, children can transfer the technique of work learned on one material to another, taking into account the characteristics of the new material;

d) the work is becoming more expressive due to the combination of material and a variety of performance techniques, enrichment color gamut  and compositional solutions.

Application contributes to:

The formation of certain knowledge in children, the development of skills, skills development and personal education;

The acquisition of knowledge about color, the structure of objects, their size, planar shape and composition;

Mastering knowledge of symmetry and asymmetry;

The development of orientation in space and on a limited surface, fine muscles of the hands.

Types of applications

Subject, story, landscape, decorative

Teaching children applications, the teacher decides the following common tasks :

1. Forms the ability to make a decorative pattern from various geometric shapes and plant (leaf, flower) details, placing them in a certain rhythm on a cardboard or fabric basis various shapes.

2. Forms the ability to compose an image of an object from separate parts; depict the plot.

3. Teaches to master various techniques for obtaining parts for applications from different materials.

4. Forms a sense of color, teaches to recognize primary colors and their shades, master the ability to make harmonious color combinations.

5. Forms a sense of form, proportion, composition.

Cutting methods

Cutting regular geometric shapes.

Cutting out of paper folded in half. It is used for cutting objects of symmetrical shapes (leaves, flowers).

Cutting paper folded several times. For cutting objects of a more complex symmetrical shape.

Cutting from paper folded accordion. For cutting several identical shapes and for garlands.

Cutting in parts.

Office cutting.

Tearing paper.

To introduce children to the different properties of paper as a material;

To familiarize with the methods of laying out and pasting finished forms on a sheet of paper;

Learn to navigate a piece of paper;

To acquaint with methods of work with glue and a brush;

To teach the compilation of the plot composition of geometric figures;

Develop arm mobility.

At this age, the content of the work is peculiar: semi-volume (from paper lumps, balls) and mosaic (from pieces) subject application, which depicts the simplest objects (colored balls, a twig with rowan berries, cherries, a mimosa twig, lilacs, various vegetables, fruits , figures of animals, etc.).

These works, performed on a colored background and framed, delight children with their brightness and can find practical use  for decorating the interior of a puppet corner, a group, a preschool institution, a children's room in the family, etc. Performing separate actions together with the teacher doing the application, children get their first ideas about it as a way of image using paper converted by hand or using a tool- scissors.

Mastering specific actions with material, tools, objects in early age occurs through communication with an adult. Only he can convey to the child information about the functions of objects, tools, show methods of using materials, etc. in joint activities with him.

The teacher includes a separate action of children to transform the material into a holistic process of creating crafts. This action (crushing paper into a ball, rolling into a ball, etc.), giving an intermediate result, acquires practical meaning for the child.

Actions with paper gradually become more complicated. The simplest action is tearing off, then creasing - first large lumps (up to 1 cm in diameter), then small ones, and then rolling the balls, the most difficult is cutting the paper with scissors. Why is a variety of paper actions and their gradual complication necessary? At first,  depending on what is used to create the application (piece, lump or ball), children learn to convey the specifics of the depicted object. For example, with the help of pieces it is better to make a tree, a festive salute, from lumps - a twig of mimosa, lilac, elegant Christmas . Secondly,the child’s hand acts differently: either the whole brush, then the palm, then the fingers, then the tips of the fingers. This is a kind of gymnastics for the hand, preparing it for more complex, requiring fine coordination with paper and other materials, tools.

The first manual and effective joint actions with adults included in the context of creating a certain “product” emotionally prepares the child for a systematic and more meaningful participation in the application.

Middle group

To learn how to hold the scissors and act with them;

To teach methods of cutting shapes by cutting corners, cutting shapes circle and oval from a square and rectangle

To learn to stick a pattern on the basis of an irregular shape;

Introduce the technique of tearing paper;

Continue to teach children to stick finished forms  according to the model, make up the composition;

Continue to develop fine motor skills of the hand;

Encourage children to create applications from dry leaves, adjust the methods of gluing leaves on the base.

Average preschool age the child’s hand is firmer and more confident, so more complex cutting methods appear: children themselves can make such details as an oval, a circle, rounding the corners of the rectangles; cutting corners in a straight line, make a trapezoid, cut squares diagonally to obtain triangles. Children of this age can be given stencils for cutting details of the subject content (fungus, flower). They do not yet possess more complex (symmetrical and silhouette) cutting, and in the application they want to use details of the subject content. With the help of a stencil, children realize their desire without the help of an adult. If children get hold of scissors early, then by the end of middle age they can cut out details different ways  from fabric, as a result application on fabric is possible. For the base, burlap, drap, cotton one-colored are used. On the fabric, patterns can be placed as by alternating parts different color  and forms, and by creating compositions from elements of national ornaments different nations.

Children 4-4.5 years old can learn applications from dry leaves of plants: make a pattern alternating leaves in shape, size, color and arranging them symmetrically on a cardboard basis of different geometric shapes: strip, square, etc.

In working with this type of material, it is important to encourage children to transfer an associative image that arises on the basis of the ability to see the shape of leaves and correlate them with the shape of certain objects of living objects: insects, animals, fruits, vegetables, humans.

Methods and techniques:

1. Informational and receptive: examination and analysis of the subject.

2. Display of samples of structures, color scheme, location.

3. Showing the technique of working with scissors and cutting techniques.

4. Reproductive: management in one way or another.

5. Verbal explanations, directions, figurative comparisons, advices.

6. Individual training.

7. Analysis of the work with the active participation of children.

Senior group

To learn to find and highlight familiar forms in objects, to distinguish and name a square, rectangle; circle, oval, triangle according to the main features.

Clarify knowledge of different colors and differentiate them into bright, light, dark tones.

To learn to compare figures in size: high, low, narrow, wide, thick, bottom, top, bottom, one after another, side by side, left, right.

Continue to teach cutting techniques + accordion cutting and symmetrically.

In the older preschool age, children master the more complex cutting technique - symmetrical, silhouette, multi-layer, as well as the technique of cutting, weaving. They can combine technique.

Preschoolers master new way  attachment of parts - sewing them to the fabric. In this case, children receive two versions of the image; flat and semi-volume (when cotton is placed between the base and the part). In the second case, the image is more expressive. A semi-volume application is also obtained with partial gluing of details, for example, only the middle of a snowflake, flower, butterfly, etc.

The content of the application is expanding. Children create more complex decorative patterns from both geometric and plant shapes. Subject applications with a large number of details, with a wide variety of material used become more complex.

Preschoolers can perform multi-layered plot applications from paper, fabric, dry leaves. This type of application is the most difficult. Teaching preschoolers to create a plot, a landscape of dry leaves, grass, flowers, twigs, the teacher continues to develop their associative thinking: what the part looks like and how it looks in combination with a particular subject. For example, in a landscape, a birch or poplar leaf in the background will play the role of a whole birch or poplar tree; the yarrow flower in the foreground looks like a blooming cherry or apple tree, a part of the ruby \u200b\u200bleaf is the body of a butterfly, etc. The child needs help to see this. Examining pictures, photographs, observation in nature contribute to the solution of this problem.

Systematic training of children in various ways of application from various materials  creates the basis for creative expression of a preschooler in independent activity: he can choose content  applications (decorative pattern, subject, plot), material  (one or more combined) and use different technique  suitable for a more expressive implementation of the plan; use applique as decoration voluminous crafts.

Methods and techniques:

Examination and independent analysis of the subject without leading questions.

Sample showing.

Verbal: advice, instruction, indirect questions, reminder.

Analysis of the work with the active participation of children, self-assessment of the results of the lesson.

Tasks:

continue to refine children's knowledge of familiar geometric shapes + polygons with different numbers of angles.

to learn to differentiate the shades of the main spectral tones, to distinguish between cold and warm colors, light and dark shades.

continue to teach orientation on the plane of the sheet of paper + opposite in pairs, at the same level.

learn to “draw” with scissors - cutting without first drawing the contour line with the transfer of the characteristic features of various silhouettes.

to form the ability to plan work independently.

Methods and techniques:

In everyday work - examination of objects, toys, works of decorative and applied art, handicrafts.

Examination and independent analysis of the subject without leading questions + figurative verbal explanation.

Partial display of cutting techniques.

Verbal: indirect questions, reminder, directions, advice.

Analysis of works - independent with finding errors and their causes + exhibition of works.

Application in DOW

3 year student

3 courses "DPP"

Kashkareva I.A.

APPLICATION

• From the Latin word "applicatio" - overlapping.

• It arose in the sixteenth century.

• A way to create artistic images from various figures cut from any material and pasted or sewn onto the corresponding background.

• Different materials are used: leather, felt, cloth, birch bark, fur, fabric, straw, paper.

APPLICATION

• this is the easiest and most affordable way for children to create artwork that preserves the realistic basis of the image itself;

• it is a didactic tool for the development of spatial thinking, fine motor skills of the hand, therefore, the development of speech and intelligence;

• occupation that develops the ability to listen, understand and follow instructions, perform sequential actions, coordinate the work of hands and eyes

APPLICATION promotes

• the formation of certain knowledge in children, the development of skills, skills development and personal education

• the acquisition of knowledge about the color, structure of objects, their size, planar shape and composition

• learning about symmetry and asymmetry

• the development of orientation in space and on a limited surface, fine muscles of the hands

Types of applications

Creation of a developing environment (a corner of aesthetic activity)

White, color and various paper, cardboard

Sets of scissors, glue, brushes, napkins

Colored pencils, felt-tip pens and markers, accessories,

waste material

Selection didactic games

Albums and books to review

Blanks

Stencils

Albums with samples, algorithms, models and diagrams

Counting Stick Games

Finger File Card

Plane geometric mosaic

A set of exercise games and materials for finger

massage

Dowel Corner

Cutting methods

1. Cutting regular geometric shapes

  must match 2

  cut diagonally

  side corresponds to side

diameter corresponds to side

Cutting methods

2. Cutting out of paper folded in half

Used for cutting objects of symmetrical shapes (leaves, flowers)

3.Cutting out of paper folded several times

For cutting objects of a more complex symmetrical shape

4. Cutting out of paper folded accordion

For cutting several identical shapes and for garlands

5. Cutting in parts

6.Cutting

7.Tearing paper

I younger group (2-3 years)

In the first junior group not providedprogram but  the teacher’s work is aimed at preparing the child for mastering a new type of visual activity. Children learn: -Fold out the figures in the prescribed order -Place items from 2-3 parts -Relate them by shape, color, size, spatial location Theme of classes: “Path for a bunny”, “House for Masha”, “Balls”, “Pattern”, “Flags”, a mosaic of plot character: “Sun and Rain”, “Ryaba Chicken”

2 younger group (3-4 years)

Tasks

• To introduce children to the different properties of paper as a material.

• To familiarize with the methods of laying out and pasting finished forms on a sheet of paper.

• Learn to navigate a piece of paper.

• Introduce the techniques of working with glue and brush.

• To teach the compilation of the plot composition of geometric shapes.

• Develop arm mobility.

Middle group (4-5 years old)

Tasks

• Learn how to stick a pattern onto an irregular base

• Learn to hold and act with scissors

• To teach methods of cutting shapes by cutting corners, cutting shapes circle and oval from a square and rectangle

• Introduce paper tearing techniques

• Continue to teach children to stick ready-made forms according to the model, to make a composition

• Continue to develop fine motor skills.

Senior group (5-6 years old)

Tasks

• To learn to find and highlight familiar shapes in objects, to distinguish and name a square, rectangle, circle, oval, triangle according to the main features

• Clarify knowledge about different colors and differentiate them into bright, light, dark tones

• To learn to compare figures in size: high, low, narrow, wide, thick, thin, long, short, above, below, in the middle, one after another, next, left, right

• Continue to teach cutting techniques + accordion cutting and symmetrically

Preparatory group (6-7 years)

Tasks

• Continue to refine children's knowledge of familiar geometric shapes + polygons with different numbers of angles

• To learn to differentiate the shades of the main spectral tones, to distinguish between cold and warm colors, light and dark shades

• Continue to teach orientation on the plane of the paper + on the contrary, in pairs, at the same level

• Learn to “draw” with scissors - cutting without first drawing a contour line with the transfer of the characteristic features of various silhouettes

• To form the ability to plan work independently

Organization of classes