Mansard roofs of private houses: types, options, device. Roof project - features of modern structures and their applications (85 photos) Roofs on private houses different types of construction

• What roof to choose for the house.
• How and why the roof bursts and destroys the house.
• So that the roof from the house is not blown away by the wind

Roof system - the basis of the roof

The roof structure is based on the rafter system. The rafter system sets the shape of the roof of a private house, perceives loads.  The longevity of the house, as well as the future costs of repairing and operating a new house, depend on the right choice and arrangement of the rafter system.

The loads that act on the roof truss system are divided into constant and variable. Permanent is load  by weight of all roof elements (roof system, roof, gutter system, etc.). Variables - include loads  from the weight of people and snow on the roof, as well as wind load.

Snow and wind loads are determined by the maps of snow and wind loads, which are given in building codes.  For example, on the map of Russia, the boundaries of regions with standard values \u200b\u200bof wind or snow load are indicated. On the map, find the place of your construction site, determine the area and the normative snow or wind load of the construction site.

The main elements of the roof truss system of a private house

The main elements of the rafter system of a private house on the example of a four-gable roof are shown in the figure:

Rafter leg  (rafters) creates a roof slope and is a support for the roof. On the rafter there are forces that tend to deform it in two directions - to bend it with an arc and turn it to a horizontal position.

Puff  connects the lower ends of the opposite rafters. Prevents the ends of the rafters from spreading to the sides. The forces acting on the puff tend to stretch it.

Mauerlat  - a beam fixed to the exterior walls of the house. The lower ends of the rafters rest on the Mauerlat. Mauerlat ties together the lower ends of the adjacent rafters, evenly transfers the load of the roof to the outer walls of the house.

Run  ridge - a beam on which the upper ends of the rafters rest. A ridge run connects the upper ends of the rafters together.

Rack supports run and perceives vertical loads that tend to compress the rack. The racks rest on the internal load-bearing wall of the house (as in the figure) or on sill  - a beam laid on this wall. The stand must be supported by the supporting structure - the inner wall or attic floor, designed for roof loads.

Brace  interferes with a deflection of a rafter. Undergoes compression deformation.

Wind beam  - a board that ties together the rafters on the roof slope. The board is attached to the rafters from the side of the attic at an angle from the ridge to the Mauerlat. The wind beam increases the stability of the rafter system to wind and other loads directed along the ridge of the roof.

The filly  - a board or bar attached to the rafter leg to create a roof overhang.

Sprengel  - a beam laid in the corners of the house on the adjacent sides of the Mauerlat. A support supporting the diagonal rafter is supported on the sprengel.

Shredder  - a shortened rafter, the upper end of which rests on a diagonal rafter.

The above elements of the rafter system in one or another combination are present in the design of rafter systems of various kinds.

Schemes of roof truss systems of a private house

There are several schematic diagrams of rafter systems. In private housebuilding, two basic schemes of the rafter system are usually used - with hanging rafters  and with rafters.

The choice of a particular scheme depends on many factors  - the size and shape of the house, the presence of internal load-bearing walls, the desire to arrange an attic under the roof of the house, the choice of the shape of the roof for aesthetic reasons. In some cases, a combination of different rafter systems is also used on the roof of one house.

Each circuit diagram of the rafter system has several design solutions.

Rafter system with hanging rafters

The scheme got its name because the upper ends of the rafters do not have special support  (racks), transferring the load on the supporting element of the building. The upper ends of the rafters seem to hang in the air, leaning only on each other. The load-bearing capacity of the rafters is ensured only due to the expansion of the tightening. The rafters are tested in this scheme of deformation in several directions. Under load rafter compresses, arches and turns  to horizontal position.

Crossbar  in the left figure it works both in tension and in compression, depending on the magnitude and distribution of the load along the roof slopes.

Gimbal (grandma) in the right figure experiences a tensile strain.

The rafter system with hanging rafters has

advantages:

• It does not require an intermediate support in the form of a device in the house of internal load-bearing walls or ceilings designed for roof loads.
• Puffs can be used as bearing beams of the attic floor.

and limitations:

• The details of the rafter system are loaded more than in other systems. With the same roof size, it is necessary to use parts of a larger cross section or to increase the number of rafters. All this increases the consumption of lumber, and hence the cost of building a roof.
• Not applicable for small slope angles, less than 30 degrees. At small angles, the voltage in the details of the rafter system, and hence their size, increase significantly.
• A rafter frame with hanging rafters has less rigidity, due to the fact that the position of the rafters is interdependent. For example, deformation under the action of the load of the rafters on one slope leads to a significant change in the position of the rafters and the other slope. The roof "walks" and loosens, especially with an uneven load of slopes. First of all, the roof covering suffers from this.
• In the case of an uneven load on one of the slopes (snow, wind), the roof with hanging rafters exerts significant lateral pressure on the walls of the house in the direction of a less loaded slope.

The rafter system with hanging rafters in private housing construction is recommended to be used to cover spans up to 6 m  The disadvantages of the system in this case are less pronounced.

Rafter system with layered rafters

In a rafter system with layered rafters the upper end of each rafter leg rests on the run, which through the racks transfers the load to the internal load-bearing wall of the building. Thanks to the support at the upper end, rafter frame does not create a spread  (pressure on the walls in a horizontal plane in opposite directions) at the lower ends of the rafters.

In a system with layered rafters, a puff is not needed to compensate for the spread. The details of the rafter system and the supporting walls of the house are less loaded.

When attic  it is convenient to lean such a roof on the attic walls (continuation of the outer wall above the ceiling) 1-1.5 m high. The rafter system with layered rafters has

advantages:

• Versatility - suitable for roofs with spans of up to 16 m., For mounting on light walls (frame, wooden), for roofs with a small slope angle.
• A roof with a layered rafters has less weight, lumber consumption, is easier to install than the same roof with hanging rafters.
• Less sensitive to uneven load on slopes - less deformation and the effect of lateral forces on the walls of the house.

and limitations:

• It requires additional support - a bearing wall inside the house or a ceiling designed for the load of the roof.

Rafter system for attic

The figure shows the rafter system for. In this rafter system both hanging rafters and layers are used.

Rafter systems based on the above schematic diagrams have many design solutions.  For example, an internal load-bearing wall does not have to be centered on the roof. Instead of one ridge run, or in addition to it, the rafters on long slopes are additionally relied on the runs placed in the gap between the ridge and the Mauerlat.

Trusses

Trusses  - have a more complex configuration of parts located in the same plane. Calculation and optimization of the truss truss is done using a computer program. Farms, as a rule, are manufactured in the factory with exact observance of the dimensions of parts from well-dried wood.

The trusses are designed so that only a vertical load is transferred to the outer walls. The roof with trusses is lighter. The lower truss belt is usually made horizontal so that it performs the role of the attic floor beams.

Truss trusses allow overlapping large spans without intermediate supports. In private housing construction, it is advantageous to use them instead of a rafter system with hanging rafters with a span of more than 6 m, as well as with small slope angles (less than 30 degrees), including for single-pitched roofs.

Lack of a rafter farm  one is the high cost of the product.

Design of roof truss system

The design of the rafter system of the house should be tested for strength by specialists. When calculating the strength take into account, except for loads, the slope angle of the slopes and the shape of the roof, as well as the type of the rafter system and the safety factor.

The rafter system consists of many elements. Each element is affected by forces that are different in magnitude and direction.  The rafter system as a whole and its individual parts are subjected to loads directed vertically, horizontally and tending to rotate the part.

When designing a rafter system take into account whether there will be an attic or an attic on the roof, the presence of windows in the roof or gables, the conditions for supporting the rafters on the walls, the shape of the house plan and other factors.

It is better and more correct to erect the roof of a house according to a project carried out by a specialist - designer. The construction of simple types of roofs can be entrusted to an experienced specialist who does not have the qualifications of a designer.

The roof truss system of a private house must meet the following requirements:

• strong and tough  - a change in the shape or size of the roof under the action of loads should not exceed permissible values.
• The roof should be easyto weigh less on the walls and foundation of the house.
• Rafter system must not pass  (effort in the horizontal plane) on the walls of the house.
• The rafter system should be durable. Replacing or repairing the rafter system is expensive.

To fulfill the first two requirements, the rafter system is made of separate linear elements assembled in a structure in the form of a triangle. A separate flat triangle of the rafter system, of two rafters and related parts, called a rafter frame or a farm.

Rafter frames or trusses mounted on the walls parallel to each other at a certain distance and form the roof truss system.

A rafter system designed by a specialist cannot be changed at will. Adding or excluding any part will lead to a redistribution of loads on other nodes of the system. Even changing the number of nails to connect parts, can lead to the destruction of the house.  For example, an increase in the number of nails used to nail the rafters can lead to an unacceptable spread on the walls. Read about it below.

Try to make the rafter system symmetrical. The symmetrical arrangement of the rafter legs, racks, struts, will evenly distribute the load on the roof slopes, which will increase the stability of the roof and walls of the house.

To remove moisture from the wooden parts of the roof and condensate, attic space must be ventilated  with the help of products. In the attic roofs, ventilated gaps are arranged for this.

To protect against moisture, Mauerlat and other wooden parts of the rafter system separated from the masonry walls with waterproofing.  If this is not done, then the tree will quickly rot.

The rafter system for a private house is made of wood. Sometimes, for example, in frame houses with a metal frame, metal profiles are also used to make the rafter system.

How and why the roof bursts and destroys the walls of the house

Under the action of loads, the lower ends of the rafters tend to move apart. The forces acting on the lower ends of the rafters and directed horizontally in opposite directions, called strife.

The rafters span can be so great that the walls can not stand, bend, the walls and rafters crack, the roof sags in places as a result - the house collapses. Such a picture can often be seen if the construction of the roof was not done by skilled builders, and, moreover, without a project.

Why is the strut transferred to the walls?

Indeed, in the article above it is written that in a rafter system with hanging rafters, the spacer is compensated by a puff, and in a scheme with overhang rafters, no strut occurs at all. These statements are correct if we consider the scheme of rafter systems on paper.

In real all parts of the rafter systems are deformed under the action of loads,  that is, they change their sizes and position in space - they are shortened, lengthened, bent, rotated.

To deformations from the action of loads are added fluctuations in the dimensions of parts with changes in humidity and temperature.  At junctions also there is some mobility of elements  truss system.

Imagine that in a system with hanging rafters, the pull, for some of the reasons indicated, lengthened and ceased to accept the force of strife. As a result, the strut will begin to be transmitted to the walls.

In a system with overhang rafters, the same thing will happen, if, for example, the stand is compressed.  The upper end of the rafters will lose support. The roof rafters will begin to work as hanging. All the load of the spill will begin to be transmitted to the walls.  In addition, the load on the rafters, which not designed for hanging rafters.

There are two options. Or not stand the walls  - under the influence of the spread, they will diverge to the sides, allowing the rafters to turn a little and again lean on the rack. Or collapse, crack the rafter,  unable to withstand the calculated load.

Wooden walls made of timber, logs, as well as frame ones, are easily deformed under pressure.

In the literature on construction, one can find the statement that walls made of stone materials withstand a large load of a thrust. But in modern private housing construction, thanks to the use of heaters, the thickness of the stone walls has decreased significantly.  For masonry walls are often used lighter and fragile materialsFor example, aerated concrete.

Protection of the stone walls of a modern private house from damages  no less relevant than for wood.

Many developers prefer to do most of the work on their own. Often this approach allows you to save a lot. This, for example, applies to roofing work. In this case, it is necessary to determine the design of the future roof, of which there are several options and each of them has its own characteristics. We will tell about how to build a roof of a private house next.

The roof not only protects the house from external influences, but also emphasizes the individuality of the house in architectural terms. It is worth noting that the types of roofs are diverse, a lot depends on their characteristics. First of all, the comfort of the residents of the house depends. The roof should be both visually attractive and reliable. Nowadays, architects offer a huge assortment of designs, one or another type is selected depending on the location of the house, the volume of construction, the general design of the structure.

Main functions

Naturally, the purpose of any roof is to protect the structure from external influences. The design is the main element of any building. It must withstand various loads, and also look attractive. The element of architectural design should be impeccable, it should emphasize the general style of the building.

It is worth noting that modern roofs are high-quality materials, the latest technical solutions, which should contribute to improving the characteristics affecting the reliability of the structure. Of course, the types of roofs are diverse, each owner selects one or another option, taking into account numerous factors. And, of course, today the beautiful roofs of private houses in the photo, which you will meet in the article, allow homeowners to present their housing not only reliable, but also visually attractive. It is worth noting that the types of roofs are distinguished by design and by external features. At the same time, what kind of roofs of private houses are in the photo can be seen, but the characteristics should really be learned in more detail.

There are types of roofs that are considered the most popular:

• flat;
• pitched.

The angle of inclination also determines matters. If the slope is more than twelve degrees, then the structure is pitched and it also has subspecies. Knowing the types of roofs for a private house and their features, it will be much easier to choose the most suitable option.

Flat roof

It is worth noting that this type is rarely used. And there is a reason for this. Flat coatings are more expensive. A strong reinforced concrete coating is not cheap, and without it, the structure will not withstand, for example, snow loads. At the same time, if we talk about the term of operation, then the design of this type will last longer. Such a roof design is very practical, because on a flat surface you can organize a sports ground, terrace, chic garden. Popular types of roofs for a private home include a flat design.

Pitched

Roofs with a slope of more than twelve degrees are considered pitched. It is worth noting that the variety of roofs of private houses, photos of which are presented by architects, simply amaze with their diversity. By the way, pricing depends on the shape of the roof of private houses - in the photo you can see the obvious difference between them. Consider the options for the roof of a private house of a pitched type.

Single slope

It was previously believed that this type is only suitable for courtyard outbuildings. However, for example, in Germany and Scandinavia many houses of this kind are being built now. This option is considered budget. In turn, the roofs of single-pitch private houses, the photos of which are below, look great.

It is worth noting that the use of this particular subspecies in the design allows you to create amazingly beautiful interiors. Installing stained glass windows in priority. Of course, this decision is relevant in the design of the room, if there really is a picturesque landscape outside the window.

Gable

This subspecies of the roof is more in demand.

Design Features:

1. It consists of two equal slopes, they are based on load-bearing walls.
2. It resembles a triangle in shape.
3. A classic solution for many.

The magnificent gable roofs of private houses in the photo attract many lovers of interesting and practical solutions. By the way, the gable roofs of one-story private houses in the photo quite often are present even in children's books. Often the composition is complemented by a pipe and a neat column of smoke. And no wonder, because the gable design is a simple budget option. Therefore, he is so popular.

With the attic

The attic acts as a kind of air gap between the living space and the outside. A house with an attic has many advantages. For example, if the roof needs to be repaired, in the attic there is access to the structure to carry out the necessary work.

The option of a roof with an attic is common today in modern cottage construction. At the same time, the cost of work increases, but the pricing policy does not affect demand in this case. After all, the use of roofs with an attic is quite common.

Mansard roof

Now mansard called roofs of really different shapes. But at the same time they share a common feature - the shape of the slope itself is made in broken lines in order to increase the height of the attic ceilings. It is worth noting that the attic roofs of private houses in the photo look fabulous and are popular among fans of original solutions.

Thanks to this type of roof, you can arrange a full room in the attic. Looking through the shapes of roofs for houses with an attic photo, it is simply impossible to remain indifferent to these magnificent buildings.

It is worth noting that the installation of attic structures is complicated, in contrast to roofs with a direct slope. Therefore, the work is more expensive. But at the same time, the height of the attic floor will increase, which means that the owner of such a house gets another full room. Types of mansard roofs of private houses, photos of which many admire, so if the budget allows, no one refuses the extra room. The money spent pays off due to the received area.

Gorgeous views of the roofs of private houses with an attic, the photos of which nowadays make many people really fall in love with this type of construction. The structure looks amazing.

Hip roof

Represents two slopes of a triangular shape. In turn, stingrays are called hips. It is worth noting that the design is quite complex, so the construction of such a roof should be trusted only to professionals. By the way, it is very resistant to external influences (strong winds, precipitation), debris and dust very quickly blown off its slopes.

Hipped

If the future owner of the house is attracted by interesting design solutions, a tent roof can be considered as an option. By the way, this species is considered a type of hip structure.

Design Features:

1. All ramps are even triangles.
2. The roof is intended for square or polygonal designs.
3. The design is symmetrical.

Interesting roof options for private houses in the photo include tent structures.

Complex forms

Attract fans of original solutions and sophisticated forms. . Such types of roofs are not common, but those who really want to draw attention to the structure give preference to complicated structures. The complex roofs of private houses look unusual in the photo, so fans of exclusive solutions choose this option. Consider the most popular of them.

Broken (attic type)

The design has a large angle, which allows you to increase the attic area. The original broken roofs of private houses in the photo look really interesting, so they can not leave indifferent lovers of custom solutions.

Dome

It is rarely used to equip a private house. Often, rounded shapes adorn the verandas. The coating looks stylish, but is mainly used more for the decor of various buildings.

Vaulted

The design has a cylindrical shape. It is worth noting that the supporting elements of such roofs are made of curved metal or made in the form of beams of glued beams. The price for such an original roof is too high, so this type of complex shape is rarely used.

Salt Shaker

It has an asymmetric shape. Design Features:

• two ramps;
• one slope is longer than the other.

A salt shaker appeared thanks to economical Americans who were trying to find a way to reduce taxes on their housing.

Today, the types of roofs for the roof of a private house are diverse, everyone can choose the most suitable option for themselves, while it is worth considering some factors in order to make a truly right choice.

Which option to choose

The most popular are pitched roofs. They are quite common and have a number of undeniable advantages. What is the reason for such an active demand for this particular type of roof?

Firstly, the design is really reliable and durable. It is worth noting that she becomes an excellent defender of the house from various external influences.

Secondly, the lifetime of the structure is quite large, therefore, giving preference to this option, you can forget about the problems with the roof for a long time.

Thirdly, the appearance of the structure is magnificent, architects offer to the attention of buyers really diverse options.

And, fourthly, you can make an attic or an attic under the roof.

Of course, the appearance of such a roof is already considered classic, it will not work to surprise with the originality of the design. Many strive for originality, so they prefer more complex forms. It is worth noting that for the individuality it will be necessary and pay much more. The more complex the design, the more expensive will be its cost.

Tastes are individual, the budget for construction work is also different. However, the main thing is that today you can really choose the best solution from a wide range of options.

Photo gallery

The roof is an architectural continuation of the house, which completes it. Not only the appearance of the structure, but also comfortable living in the house depends on it. It protects us from adverse weather conditions.

In this article I will talk about what are the roofs of private houses, their characteristics and types. We also consider two options - attic and attic.

Types of roofs

Depending on the angle of inclination, they can be pitched and flat. The flat ones are not very popular, because due to the lack of a good slope there is an accumulation of large masses of snow, which must be constantly removed. Often there is stagnation of water, which leads to leakage. Whatever happens, it's worth doing.

By design features, they can be divided into 2 types:

• Attic (shared with the main room)

1. Insulated
2. Cold

• Unsuccessful (combined with the main room)

1. Not ventilated by atmospheric air
2. Partially ventilated
3. Ventilated

Varieties in form

Shed - the rafter system is fully supported by external load-bearing walls with different heights. This type will give originality to a private house. Most often used in household buildings - construction, terrace verandas, etc. In the construction of residential buildings, this design is rarely used.

Gable - the most popular of all types. It is based on 2 slopes (slopes) resting on two walls of the same height. A gable roof is also called a gable roof. Nippers (pediments) - the part between two slopes, most often triangular in shape.

Hipped - is used for square buildings or an equilateral polygon. All slopes are isosceles triangles that converge at one point.

Hip - like hipped has four slopes. Two slopes of a hip roof are trapezoidal, and two smaller, triangular in shape. These triangular slopes located on the side of the gables are called hips.

Its varieties include - half-hip. With a truncated ramp and located above the trapezoidal rays.

Mnogoshchiptsovaya, it is also endovaya - one of the most complex, in design, types. When it is installed, a large number of valleys (internal angle at the junction of the slopes) and external ribs, which greatly complicate roofing, are used.

Attic - a kind of gable, but in contrast to it, increases the volume and area of \u200b\u200bthe attic. Broken design slightly complicates roofing, it is used quite often.

Flat - rarely used in private housing construction. Its use is advisable if you plan to create a terrace or a recreation area on the roof.

Domed and spike-shaped - are used very rarely, as they carry a certain old style. Provide overlapping buildings of circular shape.

Attic roof or attic floor - it is from these two options that the future owner of a private house has to choose.

Attic roof

It is distinguished by the simplicity of construction, and therefore the ability to build it yourself. Most often found with two gables (foreheads), which are made of the same material as the building itself (for example, brick).
  The slope depends, first of all, on the roofing material used.

Should be considered:

• snow load (the roof should not bend under the weight of snow);
• rain (water should drain, and not seep inside);
• cost.

When choosing this option, attention should be paid to the durability of the roofing, the possibility of repair work without replacing the entire roof, heat and sound insulation properties and attractive appearance. Not in the last place are the characteristics of ease of installation, as well as accessibility.

Choosing an attic roof for your home, you should immediately determine whether your attic will be used. The composition of the upper attic floor, which can be reinforced concrete, or wooden, depends on this.

The second common option is the attic floor

Here, the outer walls are enclosing roof structures. The attic gives originality and individuality to the house, but at the same time the exploited area of \u200b\u200bthe attic is reduced, the labor input and the cost of work on its construction, insulation and interior decoration are increased.

Since the attic roof has a kink, the installation of additional supporting wooden poles will be required, but you can benefit from this: attach plywood to these wooden poles - racks, install light doors and with a slight movement of the hand, the space under the beveled part turns into magnificent capacious cabinets.

No less carefully will have to choose from one of the several options for roofing material, one for yourself. Best of all, natural or cement-sand tiles look.

Although it requires reinforcing the rafter system, its appearance alone gives a unique noble style (even with a simple attic with two gables-parapets, in which the windows of the interior of this floor are located).

When choosing a roof, pay attention to several key points:

• the heavier the roofing material, the stronger the rafter system (due to the increase in the number of rafters), as well as the walls and foundation;
• roofing materials, which belong to the category of elite materials (for example, tiles), can be quite affordable for people with average incomes;
• if you decide to save money and make the whole roof yourself, you should first practice some on the roof of your site, which will avoid unpleasant surprises when working on your own house;
• the more the design has kinks, the more likely it is that you will have to resort to the services of professional roofers.

So, first you should evaluate your capabilities (not only financial), decide on the type of roof and move on to erection.

Watch the video of the construction of the roof.

How to determine what kind of roof your future home should be without drowning in the ocean with the variety of options offered by today's construction market?

What type of roofs to choose for a private house?

Every child knows that every house begins with a foundation, and its roof is crowned, and even the most absent-minded person at least once in his life has noticed that the types of roofs of houses are very different. A superficial idea of \u200b\u200bthe purpose of various forms of roofing is that the roofs are so different just for the sake of beauty. In fact, the appearance of the roof is only one (and not the most important) factor that determines the shape of the roof of each particular building.

Numerous types of roofs of private houses appeared in the process of engineering and design solutions to the main tasks that the modern roof is designed to cope with as best as possible:

• rain protection
• effective self-cleaning
• attic space organization
• durable operation
• ease of repair
• economy and environmental friendliness

To understand what these or those types of roofs of houses are all very simple, because they are all carefully sorted and cataloged. Do not forget, however, that this cataloging is somewhat arbitrary, and in practice, the characteristics of each house are always ready to bring adjustment to their generally accepted standards with their own personality.

To help you navigate the choice of the shape of the roof for the future home, we will consider here all the most common types of roofs whose photos you will find right here, next to the descriptions.

Flat roofs

Roofs with a flat surface are rarely used in the construction of private houses. The snow load of such a roof is higher compared to the pitched one, as is the price of each error in arranging a roofing cake: one small roughness, and now the place of moisture accumulation is ready, for example. You can’t call such a roof economical either: rafters, monolithic floors - everything must be very durable and very high quality. The presence of an attic is not considered at all. A flat roof is usually made only where it is planned to be used later as a terrace for the upper floor. In this regard, they are, of course, indispensable. But if you are not going to build a roof-terrace, then while we are talking about a private residential building, it would be wiser to refuse a flat roof.

Rolled roofs

We will dwell on them in more detail. The angle of the roof immediately determines many of its future characteristics. It is the ratio of angles and slopes, their location in relation to each other, that creates all the diversity that we will describe below.

Monoskatnye

They are named so because they have only one ramp. The main advantage of such roofs is their low price, ease of construction and operation, lightness and airiness, both actual and in terms of appearance.

Canopy

A monoskatny canopy is the achievement of modern minimalism in construction; it gives the house a somewhat futuristic look. Even a person who has never done anything like it before can cope with the installation of a single-pitch canopy if he follows simple technology. The mono-sloping roof-canopy well resists wind due to a small (usually) slope, perfectly cleans itself, saves you money on the amount of building materials. Not so long ago it was believed that the scope of such roofs is primarily determined by the need for savings and the priority of functionality over appearance. Therefore, they could be met more often on utility buildings and government offices, hospitals, industrial complexes, and similar structures. But today, the people of Australia, known for their courage in terms of fashionable legislation, are confidently setting a new trend in the use of roof-canopies in the construction of private houses.

Shed roof

So-called "sawtooth" roofs are used where extreme strength and reliability are needed. Such roofs are designed to provide the possibility of suspension on the supporting structures of lifting industrial equipment. For this reason, shed mono-sloped roofs are extremely rare to see harboring a private house.

Gable roofs

A classic of construction, it is these roofs that small children use colored pencils on their first houses in their life. Not inferior to the shed roof in functionality, it is a bit more complicated in terms of construction and more expensive, but it opens up the possibility of arranging an attic. In the domestic construction tradition, one can often find options for an “external” entrance to the attic from the street, the western manner of construction gravitates to the stairs located inside.

A gable roof is simple and reliable, but there are several more complex hybrid forms. For example, the so-called semi-hip roofs (when the end slopes do not reach the cornice):

or dutch gable  (with small gables):

they are designed to both diversify the appearance of the house, and provide more roof space. Gable Hybrid " Dormer"Adds to your attic a" dormer window ", which serves to illuminate, ventilate the attic, and improves the appearance of your private home.

Attic roof

The same as the previous one, but with broken ramps. The attic roof looks very respectable and overall, such people like to put such roofs on their spacious houses. Due to its pentagonal shape, the attic roof creates an entire additional floor in the under-roof space, where you can safely arrange a room that suits your needs. Windows are often made directly on slopes, and in not too snowy areas, sometimes these windows lead straight up, filling the attic with light and revealing a bewitching view of the night sky.

The price of such a roof is always high in comparison with a simple gable roof. It grows not only due to a simple complication of the design and an increase in the number of materials, the need to strengthen the rafters, but also because of the increased requirements for the insulation of this type of roof. Due to the fact that the roof room is used as a living room, the insulation system itself changes, when the insulation materials are not mounted inside the roof, but on an external installed crate. A large roof area, again, increases the cost of a large amount of insulation, waterproofing, materials for the construction of the lathing, coatings.

Despite all these difficulties, mansard roofs have remained popular for many years, and for many, this type of roof is a real blue dream.

A curious European and American version of a broken mansard roof, in which the lower slope does not go down at a steep angle, but rather becomes very flat and long. Great for single-story houses, with a provided veranda, and possibly not one.

Multi-gable roof

Such types of roofs of private houses, such as multi-gable with endova, are rarely used in view of the high complexity of the device and the high price. They resort to them for the sake of their beauty and the possibility of arranging several small side attics at once. Most often, hotel builders resort to end roofs, but lovers of original and unusual designs also sometimes hide them in private houses. To erect such a roof yourself, without proper experience, is fraught with a waste of time and effort: professionals who are knowledgeable in their field should be engaged in the installation of a multi-gable roof.

Hipped pyramidal roof

Also, such a roof is called "four-pitched", and most often it is used specifically for covering square buildings, this is the case when the type of roof determines the house. The complex construction of the pyramidal roof, consisting of four identical triangular slopes, however, makes it an attractive solution for those who love houses with the correct square area. The construction of such a roof requires certain skills and knowledge of the technical side of the issue, and preferably a lot of practice.

Composite roof

Combining various types of roofs, such a roof can become a real architectural masterpiece. When the decision to use different types of house roofs is dictated by practicality, and not by a simple pursuit of originality, it is the combined roof that can become more economical, and at the same time a reliable and functional option. However, the installation and construction of such a roof is associated with the need to take into account many nuances, this is a job only for a real roofing master, who is well versed in all the intricacies of various types of roofs, and knows the most important aspects of their competent combination.

Fancy and original options

M-shaped roofs

Another type of rarely used types of house roofs, the M-shaped roof, as a rule, is used in special architectural projects. Two houses, standing close to each other, visually have separate roofs, but they are connected by a common valley. The loads on this very valley are very high, large volumes of snow mass can easily damage it.

Roof "Butterfly"

Agree, it looks very beautiful and unusual. Built on the second floor, such a roof can become a beautiful canopy for the balcony, it visually enlarges the structure and looks mysterious, attracting curious looks. Like many beautiful things, "Butterfly" is very impractical in many respects: price, lack of attic space, and design complexity. And you need to think three times before building such a "snow accumulator" in our cold lands.

Saltbox Roofs

The salt shaker roof was so-called because of the external resemblance to the cutlery of the same name in the USA in the 17th century. As you can see in the photo, Saltbox is an asymmetrical gable roof, one slope of which is much longer than the other. One type of such a roof can sometimes cause an influx of patriotic feelings in a resident of the United States who knows his story. Many monuments of early colonial architecture have just such an original look of the roof, which was formed as a result of the gradually expanding once built house. The salt shaker roof, at one time, was the witty response of ordinary Americans to the new taxes then introduced by the government on the size of houses. A salt shaker is an easy way to expand a house by lowering the roof onto elements to be completed. For the same purpose, this type of roof is often resorted to today. However, Saltbox is used for other reasons, including as a tribute to tradition or out of sympathy for appearance.

And all this is just an incomplete list of the most interesting and used types of roofs. In the world of construction and architecture, you can meet hundreds of amazing examples of artistic and engineering ideas that are deeply amazing. What type of roof to choose for your private home is a decision that we advise you to make, carefully considering all the options and carefully figuring out exactly what advantages a particular type of roof will give you, and with what difficulties its construction, operation and possible future repairs will be associated with.