Type of application consisting in the image of individual objects. Course work: Methods of application work with different materials in school

Olesya Cherkashina
Application as a type of preschooler's artistic activity

Application as a type of artistic activity preschooler.

Plan

1. The essence and significance of the application for a child - a preschooler. Types of application.

2. The peculiarity of the application at preschool age.

3. Features of application materials and techniques for working with them.

4. The tasks of teaching and developing children (junior, middle, senior, preparatory groups).

5. Features of the methods and techniques of teaching children applications in different age groups.

The concept of "application", its types and techniques

Application - can be subject, consisting of individual images (leaf, branch, tree, mushroom, flower, bird, house, person, etc.); a storyline that displays a set of actions and events (Victory Salute, Flying into Space, Birds Flew in, etc.); decorative, including ornaments, patterns that can decorate various objects.

Kinds

In the subject application, children master the ability to cut out of paper and stick individual objects on the background, which, due to the nature of the activity, convey a somewhat generalized, even conventional image of the surrounding objects or their representations in toys, pictures, and samples of folk art.

At the initial stage, the kids lay out and glue the object from the parts harvested by the educator: a ball - two halves of a fungus of different colors - a hat and a leg; trolley - rectangular case and round wheels; garland - rectangular flags, etc.

Thematic - thematic application

implies the ability to cut and stick various objects in interaction in accordance with the theme or plot (“Chicken pecks grain”, “Gingerbread man is resting on stump”, “Fish swim in an aquarium”, “Rooks make nests on a tree”). At the same time, the following tasks become for the child:

Cut objects, show their differences in size when compared with each other (tall tree and little rooks, small and big fish);

Select the main objects of the main actors, connect them with the place of action, furnishings (the fish swim in the aquarium, the flowers grow in the meadow). The main thing stands out in size, color, compositional placement among other items;

to convey the characteristics of the characters and their actions through gestures, posture, clothing, coloring (bun met with the bear - the figures are glued in the position of turning to each other);

place the objects on the base plane: on one line in a row horizontally and vertically, indicating the height of the objects (the street of our city, a cheerful dance); create two-sided compositions - lower, higher, weakening color, reducing the size of objects with regard to their removal (boats in the sea, a flowering meadow with a strip of forest in the distance);

choose and it is advisable to use the color and its combinations for the transfer of the season, weather conditions, the relationship to the imaged object and phenomena ( golden autumn, in the winter in the forest, harvesting).

Decorative applique -

a type of ornamental activity, during which children master the ability to cut and combine various decoration elements (geometric plant forms, generalized figures of birds, animals, humans) according to the laws of rhythm, symmetry, using bright color comparisons. In these classes, the child learns to stylize decoratively transform real objects, to generalize their structure, to give the samples new qualities.

2). The peculiarity of the application at preschool age.

The application is one of the favorite activities of children's artistic activities: children are pleased with the bright color of the paper, the successful rhythmic arrangement of the figures, and the cutting and stitching techniques are of great interest to them.

In the classroom appliqué, the organization of the examination of objects proposed for imaging should be highlighted. The survey is a process of perception of a subject organized by a teacher, which consists in the fact that the teacher in a strictly defined sequence outlines the sides and properties of the subject that children must assimilate in order to successfully carry out the process of imaging. In the process of such perception, children form distinct ideas about the properties and qualities of objects that are important for the image (about the shape, size, structure and color of the object). Need to teach children to perceive. On their own, they cannot master this process. The form, structure, color, first of all, are perceived visually, therefore objects are first considered.

Application is the simplest and most accessible way to create artwork, while retaining the realistic basis of the image itself. This makes it possible to widely use the application not only for design purposes (in the manufacture of visual aids, aids for various games, toys, flags, souvenirs for holiday dates, the design of wall newspapers, exhibitions, d / s rooms, but also in the creation of paintings, ornaments, etc. dd

3). Features of application materials and techniques of working with them.

The most interesting and accessible for children of preschool age is a paper application of bright colors.

Background paper is most often taken thick, a tone is selected depending on the content of the image, to emphasize a specific situation. For example, flowers are placed on a green background of a meadow or meadow, the silhouettes of birds are glued on a blue sky background, and the fish on a background of the blue depth of a river or sea.

The elements of the application are cut out of a more elastic, but elastic paper with rich, rich tones with a well-treated surface.

For work, a child is given scissors with rounded ends and designed levers. Their size in length should be about 120 mm. Brushes for smearing figures cut from paper are taken depending on the size of the blanks. So, for collective application, you need to have brushes of two sizes. For sizing large surfaces using a wide flat brush - flute.

The figures are smeared with glue on a clean mat. This may be a sheet of white paper of a small size. In the process of training, it must be changed several times so that the paste will not soil the color side of the applications and will not leave unwanted spots.

four). The tasks of learning and development of children (junior, middle, senior, preparatory groups).

In training applications, the following common tasks are solved:

Make a decorative pattern of various geometric shapes and plant (leaf, flower) parts, placing them in a certain rhythm on a cardboard or fabric base of various shapes.

To make the image of an object from separate parts; portray the plot.

To master various techniques for obtaining parts for the application of different materials: cutting with different methods, cutting off, weaving; as well as the technique of attaching them to the base: gluing, sewing.

To form a sense of color, to know the basic colors and their shades, to master the ability to make harmonious color combinations.

To form a sense of form, proportion, composition.

Admission to the application begins with the first younger group. The teacher is guided by a well-known feature of children: at the age of 2-3 years, healthy children have a pronounced emotional response to the offer to do something, to participate in something, the child is ready to act. And the main task of an adult is to support this activity, do not let it fade away, give it a creative character. One cannot miss this favorable period of childhood for the development of children's activity and independence. The tasks solved at this age are elementary:

Give kids an idea of the necessary tools and equipment for the application: scissors, brush, glue, oilcloth, etc.

Develop emotional responsiveness to an adult's suggestion to do something, a willingness to participate with him in the creation of basic artistic handicrafts.

To develop an interest, an emotionally positive attitude towards elementary actions with paper, a desire to carry them out independently.

Develop aesthetic perception and feelings: recognize the resulting image, admire, rejoice “after” adults.

Mastering specific actions with material, tools, objects at an early age occurs through communication with an adult. Only he can give the child information about the functions of objects, tools, show techniques for using the material, etc., in a joint activity with him.

1. To teach children to make patterns of geometric shapes on a strip, square, rectangle, isosceles triangle.

2. To teach preschoolers to make simple objects from ready-made forms (herringbone, house, snowman, etc., and elementary subjects from familiar objects (train with a wagon, house with a Christmas tree, etc.).

3. Teach the guys to hold the scissors correctly, cut the narrow strips along the fold (bent in half, and then wider (several strokes of the scissors).

To learn the technique of spreading paper parts with glue: “contouring” the contour with a brush with glue on its edges.

4. To form children’s conscious attitude to the order of work: first lay out the pattern (object, plot) on the sheet, and then take and paste each part in turn.

5. To raise artistic taste in preschoolers.

five). Features of the methods and techniques of teaching children applications in different age groups.

The first joint manual actions with adults, included in the context of creating a certain “product”, emotionally prepare the child for a systematic and more meaningful participation in the application. The first samples of material transformation do not require children to have a clear perception of the shape and color; they are not yet involved in the design of the image, but already in the fourth year of life more complex tasks can be set in the application:

On the average preschool age, the hand of the child is harder and more confident, therefore more complicated cutting methods appear; children themselves can make such details as oval, circle, rounding the corners of the rectangles; cutting corners in a straight line, make a trapezoid; cut the squares diagonally to get triangles. For children of this age, stencils can be given for cutting parts with subject matter (fungus, flower, etc.). Experience shows that children who worked with the stencil and cut out the details along the contour, later more easily master the symmetric and silhouette cutting and breaking off "by eye".

If children seize scissors early, by the end of middle age they can cut out the parts using all the above-mentioned fabric methods, and as a result, fabric can be applied. For the base used burlap, drape, cotton dyed fabric. On it you can make patterns both by alternating parts of different colors and shapes, and by creating compositions from elements of national ornaments of different nations, you can create a subject or elementary plot application. But unlike similar paper products, application on fabric is more durable and diverse in use (napkin, towel, carpet, tablecloth).

Children of four or five years old can be taught applications from the dry leaves of plants: to make a pattern, alternating leaves in shape, size, color and arranging them symmetrically on a cardboard basis of different geometric shapes: strip, square, etc.

It is impossible to smear a sheet with glue, as a part made of paper or fabric, by moving the brush along the contour - the sheet will begin to crumble. It is smeared with a brush movement from the index finger of the left hand to the edges of the sheet.

For the transfer of the image to children, other materials are provided: pencils, thin twigs, seeds. For example, making an application of a butterfly, the belly can be made not only from a leaf, but also to draw, glue a thin sprig; for eyes use small seeds or draw too.

In the older preschool age, children master the more complex cutting technique - symmetrical, silhouette, multi-layered, as well as the technique of tearing off, weaving. They can combine technology.

Preschoolers learn new ways of attaching parts: sewing them to fabric. In this case, children receive two versions of the image: planar and semi-volume (when cotton wool is placed between the base and the part). In the second case, the image is more expressive. Semi-volume appliqué is obtained by partially gluing parts, for example, only the middle of a snowflake, flower, butterfly, etc.

Systematic teaching of children to various methods of application from various materials creates the basis for the preschooler's creative expression in independent activities: he can choose the content of the application (decorative pattern, object, subject, material (one or more in combination) and use different techniques suitable for more expressive execution conceived.

Junior preschool age

st - a period when the formation of all organs and systems of the body goes very fast. Therefore, it is very important to lay the foundation for full development in a timely manner.

The specificity of the application gives children the opportunity to more actively assimilate knowledge about the color, structure of objects, their size, planar form and composition. In the application, it is possible to move the cut out forms, to compare, superimposing one form on another.

Game lessons are held with a subgroup of five to six children. Under the guidance of a teacher, children learn to arrange the figures in a certain order, to make an image of an object in two or three parts, to relate them in shape, color, size, spatial arrangement.

The main goal of these exercises is to raise children's interest in actions with carved figures, to make them want to make some objects of their own, to make simple combinations, sensory experience is formed, knowledge about surrounding objects and means of their imaginative transfer is enriched.

Game techniques are the ways of joint (teacher and children) development of the plot of the game plan by setting game tasks and performing the corresponding game actions aimed at the training and development of children.

Features of the development of children of this age indicate the need to organize repetitive actions, exercises in the learning process. They are necessary both for a better mastery of certain skills by children, and for accelerating awareness and arbitrariness in activity. In this regard, classes with a small subgroup of children turned out to be quite effective, where children were initially asked to act individually, and then perform the same actions, perform operations together on a common sheet of paper or flannel, and vice versa.

The use of the reproductive method in these cases contributed to the formation in children of conscious and arbitrary actions associated with the analytical process of knowledge.

The research method is effective in creating educational situations that encourage children to search for their own activities and to find a way to accomplish a task through trial and error.

Using the research method prompted children to active search actions. The children independently acted by comparing, matching and achieving the desired result. The research method is also used when the teacher invites the children to complete creative tasks or to complete images according to their own ideas.

Play admission is predominant in the organization of classes on applications with children of younger preschool age. In fact, the playful nature of learning permeates the entire learning process. Children are offered trips around the city, to the forest, on different types of transport; performances, walking stories, during which they meet with different representatives of the animal, plant world, game characters, etc.

All used methods and techniques of teaching applications in the classroom are combined, interacting, providing a better understanding and assimilation of the material, the development of children's fine art.

Conducted classes, pursued different goals, but in each of them the children were assigned the role of an active participant, while the kids were imperceptibly involved in the activities that they were offered. Part of the activities, especially at later stages, were aimed at developing the simplest skills of working together, gaining experience of joint actions, as well as encouraging active communication with other children and adults.

Thus, experience has shown that with directed pedagogical guidance, classes in application contribute to more intensive development of all aspects of the personality.

Literature:

1. Krupskaya N. K. About preschool education. Collection of articles and speeches. M., 1973, p. 71

2. "Methods of teaching visual activity and design," ed. N.P. Sakulina, T.S. Komarova; M., 1979

4. Panteleeva, L. V., et al. Artistic Work in Kindergartens of the USSR and the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia: A Book for a Kindergarten Teacher (L. V. Panteleeva, E. Kamenov, M. Stanoevich. - M.: Prosveshchenie, 1987.

Introduction

1.2 Types of application work

Conclusion

Introduction

An important component of the ongoing democratization of society is to increase the level of education and upbringing of the youth, taking into account the objective factors that have a direct and indirect influence on the process of personality formation. Such factors include the material and psychological conditions in which students develop and grow; the environment where the formation of personality.

A special place in the content of the course of labor education is occupied by the section "Fundamentals of Artistic Processing of Various Materials", it includes the mastery of the simplest methods and techniques of working with various materials by students, has a focus on familiarizing children with various kinds of folk arts, developing creative abilities and aesthetic education of schoolchildren .

In this thesis, we are interested in the process of students' application work, with different materials and what effect it has on the development of the student. Applications were already known in ancient Egypt, Greece and Rome.

In the sixteenth century, applications were a favorite decorative element. Most often they decorated the vestments of priests, such as robes, canopies, as well as used for interior decoration, decorated with covers, pillows, curtains, etc.

For a long time, the application has been used to decorate folk costumes. They were sewn on skirts - skirts, sarafans, sheepskin coats, shoes, hats. Using for this beautiful threads, beads, glass beads, beads, pearls.

Application is a popular and effective decoration of any clothes: blouses, skirts, sweaters and evening dresses. They are a distinctive feature of children's clothing. They look very attractive on aprons, oven mitts, napkins, tablecloths, pillows, rugs, etc. You can also use when repairing clothes, hiding additional stitches, defects, inserts or loops. The appliqué is made of pieces of felt, scraps of soft leather and various materials with a tight weave of threads in fabrics.

Application - a way to create ornaments or artistic images by overlaying on paper, fabric, etc. diverse material. Improving the developmental nature of labor education remains one of the most pressing problems of the methodology of labor education. Today, the educational process at school should include effective forms and methods of development, education of children in folk traditions and art; the most valuable, created by centuries of wisdom and the culture of the people, must be included in the system of upbringing and education of modern man.

Object of study: the process of labor education in school.

Subject of research: methods of application work with different materials in school.

Objective:

To study the theoretical aspect of the problem and develop a methodology for planning and organizing technology lessons on application work with different materials at school.

Hypothesis: labor training of schoolchildren in application work with different materials will be effective if:

The teacher will be proficient in the modern theory and practice of labor education for schoolchildren.

Thus, summarizing the above, we can conclude that the process of application work with different materials is a source of comprehensive development of the child's personality.

Chapter 1. Application, as one of the types of artistic creativity

1.1 the history of the creation of applications

Applique (from the Latin word "putting in") - an interesting type of artistic activity is a way of working with colored pieces of various materials: paper, fabric, leather, fur, felt, colored beads, beads, wool threads, metallic chased platinum, all kinds of matter (velvet , satin, silk)., dried leaves ... this use of various materials and structures in order to enhance the expressive possibilities is very close to another means of image - a collage.

Application was born a long time ago. She appeared as a way to decorate clothes and shoes, household utensils and tools of labor, the interior of her home.

Perhaps the first impetus to the appearance of applications was the need to sew skins for clothing, and the first stitch prompted the person that they could not only combine the details of clothing, but also decorate it. Parts cut from these materials were attached to clothing. So there was an application.

The plot became animals, birds, the people themselves, fantastic monsters, beautiful flowers and plants, scenes of hunting and everyday life.

Applications are even available to young children: it is much easier to create a whole from the existing parts than to create a mosaic from the same pattern.

Parts of the application can be prepared in advance and given to their child to create an image, but the mosaic is not.

In the work on the application using glue, scissors, colored paper (which can be made by using paints or felt-tip pens), wrapping paper, magazines, foil, candy wrappers, foam rubber and just unexpected materials.

The term "appliqué" includes ways of creating works of art from materials with different properties and texture, united by the similarity of the technique of execution. Each material has its own characteristics that have a decisive influence on the technique of the application. For example, paper, straw, dried plants, bark, are attached to the background with various adhesives; poplar down overlaid on velvet paper.

The main features of the application are silhouette, plane generalized interpretation of the image, the locality of large color spots.

The application can be subject, consisting of separate images; storyline, displaying a set of actions, events; decorative, including ornaments, patterns that can decorate various objects.

1.2 Types of application work

The combination of different types of applications in various combinations gives an infinite number of works, allowing you to solve various tasks:

the creation of panels, carpets, tapestries, greeting cards, the design of self-made books, notebooks, albums, room decoration, clothing, handicrafts, etc. This classification gives an idea of the richness of figurative and expressive means of application and allows you to imagine its capabilities.

Object application is a separate object images pasted on the background, transmitting a generalized, conditional image of surrounding objects (stylized). Depicted objects with a distinct configuration, a simple form, clear proportions, local color.

Decorative appliqué is associated with the notion of decorativeness (images that are different ornamental, generalized forms, color saturation) and is combined according to the laws of rhythm, symmetry decoration elements, decorative in color and in shape (geometric, vegetable, etc.) composition. The ornament is characterized by rhythm (repetition of the same or alternation of different elements of the pattern) and is infinite or closed (tape or central beam composition). Another direction of the decorative application is the font application, i.e. design of headings, texts.

Subject-thematic application is an image pasted on the background in interrelation and in accordance with the theme or plot (event, situation, phenomenon). The content of such an application can be both simple and quite complex, dynamic in action, with a large number of characters and details. Placement of figures can be in one or in two or three plans, methods of transferring the volume and perspective can be used: the difference in the sizes of the first and second plan figures, their location relative to the sheet edge, the brightness and color saturation of the first planes, their detailed design.

The silhouette appliqué is an image of objects pasted on the background, cut out of paper by a continuous, “continuous” movement of scissors along a mentally created silhouette of an object. Naturally, such an image is monochromatic, placed on a contrasting background and should be easily recognizable, expressive, but generalized (fish, birds, animals, dishes, etc.).

Such an application can be an element color application, representing the pasted on the background images of objects, consisting of parts, different in color and shape. Usually, applications traditionally performed by children belong specifically to this species.

Symmetric appliqués are images of objects with a symmetrical structure pasted on the background. Images of objects can be made using the technique of folding paper in half or several times before cutting to simultaneously transfer the shape of the repeating parts.

In accordance with different types of symmetry, there are: a mirror (side) symmetric application that conveys images of objects with a certain simplification of a symmetrical structure (leaves, trees, insects, man, etc.); central beam symmetric application, in which the uniform distribution of parts is achieved by their rotation relative to the center, when a separate element is repeated many times around the circumference.

Asymmetrical appliqué is an asymmetrical image of objects pasted on the background. Together with the color application, this type is basic for children's creativity, since it does not dictate rigid stylistic restrictions and does not require special techniques in making.

Geometrical appliqué is an image of objects pasted on the background, made up entirely or partially of geometric parts. A geometric figure can be used as an element of geometric ornaments, patterns, when a thoughtful combination of figures, their sizes, shapes, colors, as well as their order and alternation is necessary. This is a very effective exercise for the development of logical thinking, imagination and creativity.

Another way to use geometric shapes is to construct various shapes of complex structure (cars, houses, etc.) from them. Such "plane modeling" of figures of the same or different shape, despite simplification and styling, gives not only the ability to create interesting plot compositions, but also to analyze the shape of objects from the point of view of their division into geometric shapes, which serves as preparation for three-dimensional design. It is also possible to use geometric figures in the neighborhood of non-geometric ones, when it is necessary to convey the peculiarities of the shape of objects such as a ball, ball, house, etc.

Non-geometrical application does not impose restrictions on the creativity of children associated with the simplification and stylization of the form, so it belongs to the group of basic types of children's creativity.

The cut application is made of paper in the traditional way - cutting, it is also the base.

The torn appliqué is made of paper by a tearing method. The edges of the parts are uneven, lubricated, giving the impression of fluffiness, roughness.

Flat application assumes that the images of objects are attached to the plane of the entire background. This is a traditional, basic type of application, except for such a variety, when an image is created by cutting out holes in the background, and a lining of the same or different colors is glued under the background.

Volumetric application implies that the images of objects or their parts are attached to the background only part of the plane, creating the appearance of volume. There are various options for mounting parts: the elements are glued part of the plane; the elements are glued with a part of the plane in two or three planes on a basis bent like a postcard; The elements are volumetric parts made by folding, they are glued with a part of the surface; the elements are glued somewhat crumpled, since they are made of corrugated or embossed paper.

The application of whole silhouettes represents the image of objects that are not divided into separate parts and pasted on the background.

Fragmented appliqué consists of images of objects made from separate parts of the same color or different colors. These last two types of applications are most often found in the practice of teaching younger students.

The mosaic is made of pieces of paper of the same color or different colors that make up the details of the image. The quality of the pieces of paper can also be different. A mosaic of paper is contour (pieces are glued on the edge of the image) or solid (the inner surface of the image is glued). Mosaic can be made with or without gaps.

Single-layer application assumes that the images of objects or their parts are glued to the background without overlapping each other.

Multi-layer application is performed by sticking (or stitching) on the background images of objects and their details in two or three layers.

So, before proceeding to the application, it is necessary to decide what characteristics it will have, i.e. what it will be in content, in the number of colors, in the presence of symmetry, in shape, in the method of manufacturing parts, in the degree of their fit to the base, in the number of parts and in the method of their fastening. In addition, you need to have an idea about the features in the application of the composition (the relationship between the size and location of the main figures on the selected format), color (combination of colors, their harmony and relevance to the content of the application), methods of transferring the volume and perspective.

Another important point is the choice of material for the work, because the paper has many varieties of properties and appearance. The right choice of paper allows you to achieve the expressiveness of the image, its accuracy, compliance with the content and style of work. A variety of types and properties of paper is an additional source of a variety of application products.

And finally, to work with paper requires a whole set of tools and accessories. Not only the quality of the application, but also the possibility of its implementation generally depends on how prepared the workplace is.

1.3 Technology create applications from various materials

During the appliqué lessons, schoolchildren learn to compose decorative works, complex compositions, objects of the surrounding reality, fabulous episodes, etc.

The lessons of the application contribute to the development in children of the ability to see and convey the beauty of reality, its nature, forms the artistic taste, compositional beginnings, the ability to work with various materials, comprehend their quality and properties during the work, the ability to combine colors, shades, make patterns, create products.

Consider some types of applications.

Volume flap appliqué

The use of textile flap in decorative and applied works, design of clothes and household items opens up a wide scope for introducing children to the world of creativity, developing their interest in work, artistic imagination and taste.

The creation of large ornamental products from textile flap (blanket, bedspread) requires a long hard work. Often, not only children, but also adults can not stand the monotonous repetition of the same type of operations. Moreover, because of their age, students want to quickly see the result of their work. False sewing (appliqué) as one of the technologically simple types of patchwork to a large extent meets this requirement.

By appliqué we mean creating an image by stripping details on the background (base). A simple application can be made from ready-made forms - images of animals, flowers, leaves, etc., made in the material. More complex - the so-called free (or landscape) application, created according to your sketch or template. The complexity of such an application is to create a composition and choose a color solution.

Landscape application can be used not only in the manufacture of panels and rugs, but also for decorative decoration of clothing, bags, etc.

Most often in landscape application the following elements are used (conventional images): mountains, forest silhouette, sun and clouds, contours of trees and shrubs, buildings; figures of people and animals.

The implementation of a specific plan (plot) requires careful selection of flaps of fabric: according to texture, color, pattern, thickness. It is necessary to take into account the properties of tissues: physico-mechanical and technological.

Landscape application, as a rule, is multidimensional. For a greater sense of "depth" of the picture, one must be able to correctly use not only visual illusions of color ("retreating" and "protruding" colors), but also visual sensations associated with the features of the surface of fabrics (gloss, gloss, reflection, roughness, fluffiness, softness, rudeness, etc.). For greater decoration, you can use materials with different properties (stretchable, drapeable, retaining rigid folds), as well as the external effect of auxiliary materials (satin ribbons, lace, ribbons, soutache, etc.). In addition, it is possible to use machine and hand embroidery. Machine embroidery can be done in parallel with the processing of elements. Hand embroidery (the “forward needle” seam, stalked seam, looped seam, chain stitch, looped loop, sewn by winding, straight and oblique surface) can be a supplement and be carried out at the end of the main technological works. It is possible to use colored iron, but taking into account the pattern of fabrics used.

To give the picture additional relief, you can use a synthetic winterizer: fill it with separate elements or duplicate the details of the front and middle plans.

Before proceeding with the application, the color and pattern of the patches should be checked for their durability. Then smooth them and smear the edges on the reverse side with a solution of paste, so that when they are cut, they do not crumble (you can simply starch the flaps completely). Iron dried patches with an iron through a dry ironing.

After that, make a picture, transferring it to the main fabric and on a sheet of paper - pattern. The contour applied to the fabric will indicate the location of the fragments, and the pattern will be cut into details. When cutting, it is necessary to take into account the direction of the fractional thread: the main fabric and the fabric of the individual details of the flaps must coincide along the base and the weft. If the details of the future application have a simple form, then they are cut out strictly along the contour. If the form is complex or the part will be made of bulk material, then it can never be cut. In this case, the part is swept up and fixed with a line along the contour of the pattern, then the excess fabric is cut and only after that the sections are processed manually or by machine.

In order for the appliqué cuts not to crumble, before cutting it, it is necessary to strengthen the fabric with a thin glue pad or to starch its edges. It is not necessary to leave allowances for applications, but in order for the image not to suffer from the overlapping of its contour with a zigzag stitch, it is necessary to take into account its width and plan the image fragments accordingly.

Cut out the parts in accordance with the plan must be applied to the main fabric, fastened with pins and tipped with a thin thread with straight stitches. And to sweep and handle the edges of the parts should be in the direction from the middle to the edge, so that there are no wrinkles and distortions.

Thus, the order of work is as follows: fixing the part on the basis of (background) pins; taking it in; zigzag stitch detail cut edge processing.

When performing a multi-layered landscape application, a certain feature appears. Operations are performed gradually for each element of the composition: starting with the background details (sky, horizon line, etc.) and ending with the foreground details. It is necessary to take into account that each subsequent element overlaps the previous one in such a way that its lower section remains unprocessed.

The threads for adjusting the details are selected to match the main elements or the background. But this may complicate the work (frequent change of the upper spool of thread). Therefore, you can do this: for night and evening landscapes, use dark threads, for spring-summer ones - greenish, for autumn ones - yellowish and ocher colors, for winter landscapes - white or bluish. To emphasize the elements of the composition, to make them more decorative, it is better to use black threads - cotton or silk. Threads should be used based on the tasks. You can add shine to the contour with the help of silk threads, and cotton details will help to make the details of the picture more natural and muted. When selecting threads should take into account the chemical composition of the fibers of fabrics. According to the thickness of the fabrics, the number of the bobbin threads and the machine needle is selected.

Adjust the detail on the fabric of the warp with a zigzag stitch.

Consider the basic methods of processing the edges of parts.

1. Machine mode:

a) using adhesive pads for parts of thin fabrics of medium thickness with a tight weave;

2. Manual mode. The edge of the part is attached:

a) decorative stitching with slanting stitches;

b) embroidery in the technique of "surface";

c) cross stitches;

d) chain stitch;

e) stalked seam;

e) stitched seam.

If the fabrics are transparent (laced) and dense adhesive materials cannot be used, and starching the edge of the part does not give the desired effect, then you can proceed as follows:

1. When using a piece of lace, cut it with an allowance (1-2 rows of the mesh). If this is not done, then the threads, which sew the contours of the pattern, can crumble.

2. Attach the lace element by hand with straight stitches along the contour of the pattern at a distance of 6 mm from the edge.

3. In the case of using the finished fragment;

b) without glue pads - for parts made of transparent thin fabrics with sparse weave. Lace stitch the edges of the appliqué with straight machine stitching, stepping back inward by 6 mm.

If the fragment was cut in violation of the integrity of the contour of the lace pattern, it is first tuned with a narrow zigzag stitch at a distance of 2-3 mm from the edge, and then a satin satin stitch is installed on the machine and the part cut is carefully processed.

Details of the application can be glued. To do this, lay the base face up on the ironing board, covered with a blanket. Put on it the circles of the desired size, cut out of glue spider, then the detail of the application and cover with a thick paper napkin or bogie, well absorbing moisture. Glue, ironing iron.

A few additional tips for completing the application.

If the appliqué is made of thin elastic fabric, then the places where the part is sewn should be strengthened with flizelin or tracing paper. This will facilitate overcasting of the corners and oval edges of the appliqué.

Scattering corners, you should gradually narrow the satin satin stitch. When he reached the corner, turn the base with the application under the needle and continue processing, expanding the line. The line narrows to half its width.

Internal corners are scoured in the same way as external corners, narrowing the width of the stitch to half, and then expanding it.

Assembling parts and fixing applications of fibrous materials

The assembly of parts and the fixing of applications from fibrous materials are carried out in various ways depending on the hard or soft base: gluing the parts, preliminary stitching the parts and gluing them, stitching the parts to a soft base.

For gluing ropes, cords, braid to a rigid base, we recommend using PVA or "Moment" glue.

Initially, glue the base or background with small areas, then the rope or cord is pressed tightly against the surface smeared with glue.

Sometimes the details of the image are harvested separately, and then fixed to the background. To do this, the cord or rope is laid on the prepared sketch or template. All spirals are laid, starting from the middle. Rows of a laid cord or rope are cut by tailor pins parallel to the plane of the sketch or template. Rows sew seam "over the edge" or pierce the needle through all the rows parallel to the plane of the sketch. If the pattern goes in a spiral, the pins stick in several directions.

After connecting the parts, the pins are removed, and the finished parts are glued to a rigid base. The side from which the material was stitched is the wrong side.

On request, stitched and connected parts can serve as separate products - wall decorations, stands for hot dishes, etc.

The technology of the implementation of the application of natural material by students involves the following stages of work:

preparation of the material, its choice;

selection of patterns for applications;

the position of the material, the creation of a sketch;

selection of equipment tools, auxiliary materials;

technique of doing crafts in various ways.

Application works from natural materials can be made from:

1) Straw - it is unusually attractive: they cast gold, mother of pearl and they fit perfectly into the interiors of modern premises. Students can easily cope with the subject application of straw.

2) Dried leaves, flowers are very original compositions of acacia pods, straw, cereals, twigs of flowers. Fascinating, interesting and useful communication with nature. It develops creativity, thinking, observation, diligence, artistic taste. Classes with plants contribute to the education of children of love for the native nature, careful attitude to it.

3) Applications can be made from seeds, seeds, various nuts, poplar fluff, shells, shells, pebbles, etc.

Application work with plant natural material has an impact on the mental development of the child, on the development of his thinking and the appearance of elements of creativity.

Usually, at first children prefer to act, having previously examined the sample shown by an adult and diligently repeating it. For example, during the manufacture of applications from dried leaves, children are asked first to carefully consider what parts the finished work consists of, in what places small details should be attached to the base and in what way. But then, after repeating the necessary actions and duplicating the method of making a sample, the children already learn the sequence and the very course of actions, as well as the methods of production. Therefore, when there is a complication of the task, children can already divide the process of doing the work into several stages and do the work in repetition for an adult or their own plan. At this moment in the activities of children there are elements of creativity.

Interesting work on the implementation of applications from natural material contributes to the development of students such qualities as attention, patience, curiosity. It is significant that with this work there is no end to the improvement of the work, in this work there is always a novelty, a creative quest, the ability to achieve more perfect results. And all this is happening against the background of auspicious emotional mood of children, their joy of communication during work, the pleasure that they experience in creating the application work.

In addition, the execution of application works from natural material brings up children's skill, ingenuity, diligence, and it is also an excellent school of aesthetic education, based on shaping the children's artistic world view and their search for the surrounding reality of the beautiful.

And children should be introduced to the world of beauty as early as possible. First, remember the words of the poet N.A. Nekrasov that "there is no ugliness in nature." Therefore, each of us is concerned about the beauty of flowers, the fruits of various plants, the color of autumn leaves and the fluttering poplar fluff, an unusual shape, the color of flowers. Before you make any natural material part of his crafts, let the child pay attention to its originality. After all, each plant has its own appearance - the shape of leaves, colors, surface texture. And when creating a specific crafts all this is taken into account.

The process of turning natural material into a craft contains considerable resources for “immersing” children into the world of native nature, learning its various aspects and, at the same time, nurturing a careful, caring attitude to it, as well as forming the first labor skills. During the appliqué lessons, schoolchildren learn to compose decorative works, complex compositions, objects of the surrounding reality, fabulous episodes, etc.

The topics of work are very diverse, for example: Magic transformations, Flower, Chicken, Vegetables, "Tree in the snow", Peacock, etc.

The lessons of the application contribute to the development in children of the ability to see and convey the beauty of reality, its nature, forms artistic taste, compositional beginnings, the ability to work with natural materials, comprehend their quality and properties during the work, the ability to combine colors, shades, make patterns, create products.

Students perform application works of this type starting from the first grade.

Twine applications

For students in grades 2-3, the simplest type of work is quite accessible - making pictures from twine and natural material. The main thing here is cleanliness of work. The picture is carried out on velvet paper of dark tones, drawing stands out on it better. The sketches of the drawing are first made on a simple sheet of paper. On the sketch it is necessary to determine the location of the picture, its composition. For example, if you painted a vase with flowers, consider what you will make of flowers, stems, etc. The corollas of flowers are well obtained from the seeds of various plants — melons, pumpkins, watermelon, peas, or cones and scales from them.

Bouquet stalks made of twine are laid out according to the pattern and neatly glued onto velvet paper. Then flowers and leaves are glued, Leaves can also be made from unwrapped and well-smoothed twine. The shape of the leaves may be different. A bouquet vase can be made from a dried sheet pasted on paper. It is not necessary to paint such work - it looks better if it retains its natural color. For the background it is better to use black, brown or burgundy paper. If your set does not have such colors, then make them yourself. Tint light paper with black ink, get black, and a strong solution of potassium permanganate - brown. Using twisted twine or ironed iron and adding bark, dried twigs, leaves, you can create landscape pictures on a sheet of paper. It's all about taste.

Chapter 2. Methods of organizing application work

Application, i.e. the image of the pattern by overlaying on the fabric of pieces of another fabric, may be different both in color and in the method of execution. So usually distinguish the application of color, tulle, linen. In color appliqués, shreds of variously dyed and different quality fabrics are used, for example, satin , silk, linen, crepe de chine, velvet, even cloth in thin leather. Woolen fabrics are well made from velvet or satin with a shiny side. Then the color is best to take the same, and the thread - too. Tulle appliqué is made with fine silk threads; the patches of the batiste of the left chiffon are sewn with the help of narrow rollers and slanting stitches. This is a very delicate manual work that requires a lot of attention and perseverance. It is easier to make a linen appliqué, especially not by hand, but on a sewing machine. It is applied on thin, translucent linen. Colored fabric is stitched from the wrong side and should slightly shine through the main fabric of the product. The flooring is made with thin rollers with white thread (or rather, that color, like linen).

Let us examine in more detail one of the most common uses of color applications - a rug on the wall in a children's corner. The main fabric is canvas or canvas. Draw on it with a sharp pencil the contours of the picture. We select the appropriate fabric colors: green two or three shades, yellow, red, brown and blue; black in applications should be avoided. Having picked up the patches, we apply on each contour lines of the corresponding part of the pattern and cut along these contours with an allowance, i.e. slightly larger than the place where they should be sewn. We cut it out first and sew it with a hint to the places where they should be. The final sewing will be done with a cord seam.

The task of applying this seam is to sew the edges cut from the flaps without damage and imperceptibly. The seam resembles the circumferential, only its stitches are put so tightly that it seems as if it is a string, sewn into the fabric; on the wrong side, it is almost completely invisible, on the front side there is a convex cord, creating a line between the main fabric of the rug and the fabric of the superimposed appliqué.

The figure shows in sequence all stages of the overlay and execution of the cordonne. Letter but - superimposed brown flap; b - started at the top of the flap, stitching it with a cord seam, gradually moving along the edge; at - all the bypass seams of the brown material are made by the cordonne seam; g - the final shape of the flap, trimmed with thin scissors.

Sewing one flap in this order, proceed to the next one. When all large parts are attached to their places, we complete the pattern using other decorating seams for the details: knots, stalked seam, chain, stitch.

Applications are used to make rugs, curtains, children's dresses, aprons, and so on. Used on linen.

2.2 Development of the elective course

The program of elective course for girls of the 9th grade: "Hand embroidery"

Explanatory note:

Hand embroidery is a vivid phenomenon of national culture, the study and introduction to which enriches, brings joy. The organization of training and acquaintance of schoolchildren with a variety of types of embroidery, aesthetic education on traditional types of folk art is the most effective form of familiarizing children with the national culture of our people.

We pay great attention to the creation of aesthetic courses that help in the education of a harmoniously developed personality.

This program is designed for the study of hand embroidery, acquaintance with the profession of embroiderers manually. Orient students to receive this profession.

The main form of education is practical work. It allows you to acquire the basic skills and abilities needed for embroidery. Teaches you how to decorate items of decorative and applied nature, clothes, gift items and interior items.

Making products should not be mechanical copying of samples - this is a creative process. Students learn not only consciously to choose a pattern for a particular product, but also to make simple patterns for embroidery on their own. Learn the history of needlework, the purpose and application of embroidery.

In the process of theoretical training, students get acquainted with the varieties of embroidery and methods of work, learn to obtain and use information through information systems, publications, decorative items. They learn to use advanced methods of work and the organization of the workplace, tools and accessories, to comply with safety regulations.

The content of the program is based on information about the embroidery of the peoples of Russia. The program includes the goals and objectives of the course, the knowledge and skills that students should receive, ways of evaluating performance, thematic planning, course content, types of classes, determines the sequence and volume of the material being studied, applications. The program is designed for 16 hours - pre-profile course.

The main objectives of the course:

From the position of relevance for students themselves, understanding the values and prospects of their own work and professional activities.

The possibility of practical application of the knowledge gained in everyday life, competence in the field of self-realization in the choice of profession.

To develop the creative potential of students.

To engage in aesthetic education with regard to design.

Create the prerequisites for the formation of the basis of the future professional.

The special course involves a combination of theoretical knowledge with practical elements of skills.

Forms of classes:

1. Demonstration of products.

2. Classes with lecture elements.

3. Practical classes.

4. Independent work with literature.

5. Work on the project.

Visibility:

1. Tables: ornaments, simplest seams, smooth surface, merezhka, cross.

2. Drawings - posters: merezh, cross, smooth surface, simplest seams.

3. Handout: seam samples, flow charts, ornament patterns.

4. Products made by the teacher: pillowcases, paintings, towels, napkins, tablecloths in various techniques.

Students should learn:

1. Correctly choose or draw up an image for embroidery.

2. To be able to embroider on hoops and without them.

3. Start and finish work without knots.

4. Select fabric, thread, depending on the embroidery technique, pattern.

5. Know the ways and be able to translate the pattern on the fabric.

6. To perform work with a simple, chain stitch, iron seam, merezhkami, decorative seams, loose seams, calculating cross, tapestry seam. Do the job well, learn correctly, care for the product.

7. Comply with safety, hygiene and sanitation regulations.

Students should know:

1. Types of hand embroidery.

2. The history and traditions of embroidery.

3. Methods of drawing pattern on the fabric.

4. Methods of fastening threads.

5. Ways of pulling threads.

6. Ways of sewing.

7. Application of shank, cross, loose stitches.

Ways to evaluate student performance:

1. Analysis of monitoring the activities of students.

2. Execution of tasks.

3. Protecting the project.

The teacher, who will work on this program, must have the skills, be able to show the finished work and teach the basics of embroidery.

Thematic course plan

Nn number	Theme	Clock	Theory	Practice
1	Place embroidery in the history of costume, interior.	2	1	1
2	Adaptations materials, tools for needlework.	2	1	1
3	Types of iron seam.	2	1	1
4	Types of stitches cross.	2	1	1
5	Other types of embroidery, their use.	2	2
6	Selection of the pattern, the choice of canvas for embroidery cross. Project work.	2	2
7	Practical lesson; formation of embroidery skills of the selected type.	2	1	1
8	Evaluation. Information about the profession, school, admission conditions and working conditions.	2	1	1
8	Total:	16	7	9

1. The place of embroidery in the history of costume, interior.

The beauty and benefits of embroidered things are their history, the value of the design, its location on things, the use value of the embroidered product, the cost of an applied art product. Embroidery in the interior with their own hands. (lecture)

2. Appliances, materials, tools for needlework.

How to choose a hoop, needles, fabric, choose a motif, pattern, color? To get acquainted with the variety of threads, their thickness and ability to be superimposed on the fabric.

3. Types of iron seam.

Double-sided surface, white surface, tonal surface. What products can be embroidered with stitching? Practical demonstration and sampling of stitches (practical work).

4. Types of stitches cross.

The cross is simple and Bulgarian, tapestry embroidery, Practical demonstration and sampling of stitches (practical work).

5. Other types of embroidery, their use.

Nodular sewing, hardanger, richelieu, show practically and on products, the implementation of stitches.

6. Picking a pattern, choosing a canvas for cross-stitch

To help draw up a project for the manufacture of the product, to tell about the design, use and care of the embroidered product. Project work.

7. Practical lesson; develop skills of embroidery of the selected type.

8. Evaluation: protection of a creative project, competition of products and performances. Information about the profession, school, admission conditions and conditions of employment

2.3 Plans for abstract lessons on the technique of application

LESSON 1.

Section: Paper Handling.

Subject: PREPARED PAPER BAND APPLICATION

1. To introduce students to the history of scissors;

3. teach how to make a convex application of paper strips;

Equipment: white paper (writing), colored paper, candy box, scissors, PVA glue, glue brush, ruler, pencil; TSO - tape recorder and cassette (cheerful music, "The Dance of Little Swans" by PI Tchaikovsky).

Theme of the lesson: The study of new material.

Literature:

Venue: office.

Recommendations: it is better to carry out openwork paper applications in pairs: one holds the ring and the other glues it. When paying attention to the coordination of actions during the pair work, what may be missing one will notice and correct the second. Joint activities unite the neighbors on the desk and helps their friendship.

During the classes

I. Organizational moment.

a) greeting

b) organization of the workplace

Ii. The study of new material.

1. Conversation "What can scissors?".

Open the tutorial, with. 19. What tools are depicted? What are they needed for?

Teacher. Scissors are a tool for cutting thin materials.

See how they are arranged and how they have sharpened cutting blades. Think about why they are sharpened on one side only, and the second side is flat.

These scissors cut paper, cloth, leather, oilcloth. Scissors for paper called stationery. They have long straight blades.

Roofing shears are used to cut thin sheet metal. They have a short working part and long handles.

Scissors gardener - pruner.

Tailor's scissors are designed for cutting thick fabrics of large sizes. They are convenient to work, leaning with one ring handles on the table. The tailor uses scissors not only with straight blades, but also with a zig-zag edge to cut the fabric.

Hairdressing scissors are necessary for cutting hair. They are lightweight, with straight and especially sharp blades.

Nail scissors are smaller than others. They may have rounded ends. Imagine how tired a barber's hand would be if he had to work, for example, with tailor's scissors. And how much time would it take to cut a manicure?

It is very important to choose the right tool. For performance of the products offered in the textbook stationery scissors quite will approach.

Pick up scissors with straight, not very long blades. They will be convenient to cut on straight, broken and curved lines.

1) Reading the story from the history of scissors (p. 19 textbook).

2) Practical work

Consider the cock figure on p. 20.

How with the help of scissors can you make an openwork rooster?

(Cut the strips of white paper and glue them together.)

How can you make such curls? (Take strips of different lengths, for example, cut off strips of equal width, but of different lengths: 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm and 20 cm. Glue alternately a small ring, then more, etc. together.)

How else can you get such openwork curls? (You can glue a long strip, for example, 20 + 20 = 40, wrap one turn on your finger and glue it. Make a second turn at some distance from the first also around your finger. Fasten the second turn with glue, etc.)

How to get a drop shape? (It is necessary either to glue the drops at once, or to shape the drops to a circle by connecting one edge with your fingers at an angle.) Cut

Strip and practice making elements of openwork.

Work in pairs.

Game "Finger Theater".

A desk is a stage, and artists are your fingers.

The first number of our concert is the ballet number. (Includes music "Dance of Little Swans".)

Fingers represent runaway ballerinas. Ballerinas stand on socks. Standing socks, ballerinas begin to touch the legs: the index and middle fingers make dance moves. In the end

the ballerinas bow, while the palms sway forward and run away.

The second number is Russian dance.

Thumb and index fingers come on the scene. To the music they begin to dance Russian dance, performing squats and jumps. During squats, the fingers bend and straighten, their tips are connected and located on the surface of the table. During the jumps, the fingertips are split apart and then joined again.

The third number is acrobats (fingers depict acrobats).

The sequence of the application "Cockerel":

1. Take a box of candy, cut and paste the background into it.

2. Cut into strips of white paper with a width equal to the depth of the candy box lid.

3. Glue the round head from the circles.

4. Glue the torso in the form of a drop.

5. Glue three large drops for the tail.

6. Connect the head, torso and tail.

7. Glue the comb, beard, nose and glue to the rooster.

8. Glue the legs and perch to the feet.

9. Paste the cock into the box.

Please note that you must respect the proportions of the body of the rooster. Cut strips with a width equal to the depth of the box.

Prepare a box with a background for a rooster.

FIZKULTTINOOK.

Iii. The result of the lesson.

Look at our ready made roosters. What is your impression of this job?

Let's evaluate your figures.

At home, you will practice making openwork products from strips. By fantasizing you can get a lot of fun toys from different colored paper ribbons of different sizes. The teacher shows the children drawings.

The lesson is over.

LESSON 2.

Section: Paper Handling.

Theme: SYMMETRIC CUTTING.

1. Repeat symmetry and asymmetry;

2. Repeat methods of application;

3. Learn to cut symmetrical shapes from paper;

4. To cultivate accuracy and patience;

5. To impart skills of work culture;

6. Develop imagination, fine motor skills of hands.

Equipment: symmetrical cuttings, an example of symmetrical cutting on a large sheet, a pencil, colored paper, a box of candy, scissors, PVA glue, glue brush, ruler; TCO - tape recorder and cassette with recordings of the sounds of nature; large rectangular mirror.

Type of lesson: Learning new material.

Literature:

1. T.N. Prosnyakova "Lessons of Excellence" Grade 3, Samara: Fedorov Corporation, 2005

2. M.A. Gusakova "Application", Moscow "Enlightenment" 1982

Venue: office.

During the classes

I. Organizational moment.

a) greeting

b) organization of the workplace

c) repeating safety rules when working with scissors

Ii. Work on the topic.

Show your openwork applications. Today our class is turning into a branch of the Museum of Fine Arts. What beautiful crafts you have made!

2. Story about cutting history.

For more than 1000 years, folk art has existed all over the world - paper cutting. It is used for gifts, to decorate houses and windows, lanterns, hang out in long garlands across streets and courtyards.

The art of silhouette originated in antiquity. At the beginning of the XVII century in France there was a fashion for the silhouettes of paper and in a short time spread to all European countries and Russia. The walls of dwellings began to be decorated with small silhouette portraits, everyday scenes. The silhouette received its name from the surname of Etienne Silhouet, a 17th century French official who, following fashion, was fond of cutting out of paper. Different stories were told about him, and once an artist painted on him a caricature that was made as a shadow. This way of the image began to be called a silhouette.

Many professional artists were interested in the art of silhouette: Albrecht Dürer, Peter Paul Rubens. This art attracted the famous storyteller Hans Christian Andersen.

Silhouettes can and draw and cut out of paper.

In Russia in the XIX century, the silhouettes of F.I. Tolstoy, who created multi-figured compositions of various contents.

Art of silhouette attracted and artists of the XX century M.V. Dobuzhinsky, K.A. Somov. Major artists of this art are artists: G.I. Narbut, N.V. Ilyin, E.S. Kruglikov.

Many graphic artists still successfully use silhouette as an independent means of artistic expression when creating bookplates, posters, and in the design of books.

3. Practical work.

Open the tutorial on p.22.

What did you notice in the image of an insect? (The image has an axis of symmetry.)

What does it mean? (If you mentally bend such an image in half, the two parts will match.)

And how to check without bending? (Attach a mirror.)

A mirror or the same symmetrical image can be obtained by folding the paper in half, drawing a pattern, cutting and unfolding (shown by the teacher)

Look at the images of insects in the picture.

Which insect has one axis of symmetry? (no such.) Where is one axis of symmetry? (in the image of the web.)

Which insect has 2 axes of symmetry? (at the bedbug soldier.)

What is the difference between cutting spider and bug? (When cutting a bug, you need to fold the paper once, and then again, but not in the middle.)

FIZMINUTKA

We considered all insects. It remains to cut them, cobweb and paste on a sheet of paper.

Algorithm of the assignment:

1. Consider the insect.

2. Determine the number of axes of symmetry.

3. Fold a piece of paper along the axes of symmetry.

4. Draw a pattern on the model in the textbook, p.22.

Figure out where the bugs, spiders, butterflies will live - on the lawn with flowers, on the bush, etc.

When cutting, observe SAFETY

Iii. The result of the lesson.

What did we do in class? (Cutting.) This is a difficult and painstaking work. Who did not, finish the work at home.

Put in order the workplace.

The lesson is over.

LESSON 3.

Section: Paper Handling.

Theme: DETAILS FOR BANKO.

1. Fix the symmetric cutting technique;

2. Repeat symmetry;

3. To teach to cut the image, without drawing a preliminary contour;

4. To cultivate accuracy and patience;

5. To impart skills of work culture;

6. Develop a creative approach to work, fine motor skills of hands.

Equipment: jars, colored paper, scissors, PVA glue, glue brush, ruler, pencil; counting sticks, yogurt cups.

Type lesson a: Learning new material.

Literature:

1. T.N. Prosnyakova "Lessons of Excellence" Grade 3, Samara: Fedorov Corporation, 2005

2. M.A. Gusakova "Application", Moscow "Enlightenment" 1982

Venue: office.

Recommendations: repeat symmetrical cutting with children, folding accordion paper, cutting garlands and snowflakes. It is advisable to interview as many children as possible; encourage self-planning work.

During the classes

I. Organizational moment.

a) greeting

b) organization of the workplace

c) repeating safety rules when working with scissors

Ii. Work on the topic.

1. Check homework.

Iii. Practical work.

Open the tutorial, p.24.

See what beautiful vases can be made from ordinary jars.

What technique is applicable for this "outfit"? (symmetric cut.)

Remember where you used such a decoration. (When cutting out garlands and snowflakes.)

Look at the pictures on how to make an outfit for a jar. Now let's play the game "Ladder to skill". You already know how the work plan is drawn up, each item is a rung of the ladder.

1) Choose colored paper.

2) Mark on paper the size of the paper and cut.

3) Fold the paper 3 times.

4) Mark the height of the jar

5) Draw a pattern.

6) Cut the pattern.

7) Expand the blank, wrap around, bend the lace and glue.

We carry out an outfit for a jar according to plan.

And how to make a jar according to plan.

1. Take an orange, yellow or brown paper, measure the width of the jar on the eye, plus 2-3 cm allowance for bonding.

2. Fold in half, draw half of the face and hair.

3. Cut the face and hair.

4. Unfold the paper, glue the dark paper to the bottom of the jar.

5. Tape a small white side up and straighten your hair.

Iv. The result of the lesson.

Today you made very beautiful outfits for jars. And how can you make other jars with green twigs? (you need to take double-sided paper or glue the one-sided white side inside.)

How to get the same lace trim? (Fold folded paper and cut.)

At home you dress up a small bottle of ketchup, juice or water. It will be a flight of your imagination. Maybe it will be a grandmother in a lace shawl, and maybe a bride in a veil.

On the trail. lesson we will arrange an exhibition "For a walk." Put the workplace in order. The lesson is over.

V. Homework: repeat safety instructions on

LESSON 4.

Section: Paper Handling.

Theme: INDEPENDENT WORK. PROFECT APPLICATION.

1. To summarize the knowledge of the slotted application in practice;

2. Broadening horizons;

3. The development of self-esteem and the ability to analyze work practices and choice

4. To cultivate accuracy and patience;

5. To impart skills of work culture;

6. Develop a creative approach to work, fine motor skills of hands.

Equipment: black and white paper or cardboard, pencil, stationery scissors, yogurt cups, counting sticks, PVA glue, cloth, oilcloth, glue brush.

LESSON Type a: Learning New Material.

Literature:

1. T.N. Prosnyakova "Lessons of Excellence" Grade 3, Samara: Fedorov Corporation, 2005

2. M.A. Gusakova "Application", Moscow "Enlightenment" 1982

Venue: office.

Recommendations: to conduct this lesson in the form of independent work. Children themselves must choose the material and tools for work. Assessment of the work at the end of the lesson to hold in the form of the game "Find as many differences as possible." The teacher should make the sample itself, as in the textbook, only with additions, so that at the end of the lesson the students can compare it with everyone.

During the classes

I. Organizational moment.

a) greeting

b) organization of the workplace

c) repeating safety rules when working with scissors

Ii. Work on the topic.

1. Check homework.

2. The Story "Bamboo Panda Bear",

Nowadays, seven species of bears live on the expanses of the globe. Interestingly, most of the species received the name for the color of their natural vestments: white, brown, black, white-breasted, spectacled - he has large white rings or semicircles around his eyes. The remaining two types of color are also black, but the name is different, because black is already there. These are the Malay bears and the Gubchi. Gubacha has a long muzzle and movable lips, which he folds with a pipe, pulls it forward and, having unearthed a house of termites, sucks its inhabitants like a living hose. That's all a bear family. But sometimes in the literature, and even in conversations among specialists, one can hear about the eighth bamboo bear. Is there such a thing in nature? Yes, but he is not a bear.

The story of this bear - not a bear is very interesting and even romantic. In the second half of the last century, an event occurred in the circles of zoologists and naturalists that aroused even venerable scientists from many countries. In the Paris Museum of Natural History, they delivered an original coloration of a large animal, similar to a bear at first sight. But when they spread it on the floor, they thought that it was sewn by a skilled craftsman from large pieces of animal fur in black and white. Riddle! The skin was subjected to thorough inspection, turned in hands and so and syak, but not any trace of cutting and sewing, glueing or other clips were found. What is this skin? - scientists thought. Maybe it belongs to an extinct animal? But some experts objected and believed that the fur on the skin was cleverly etched or dyed, but in reality it was bearish. But who and where got and delivered this skin to Paris - a riddle?

In 1869, French missionary Armand David traveled to China. In addition to his religious activities, he, being a naturalist, in passing collected information about the animal world of the country, acquired interesting exhibits. In one of the deaf villages of Sichuan province, he found this strange skin on the fence of the house. David bought it after the locals told him that it belonged to a real beast that lived in the vicinity of the village, high in the mountains among the bamboo thickets. The name of the beast is “Bei-schung”, which roughly means “white mountain bear” .A. David was able to send the skin to Paris, and he continued to search for the owner of the skin. He got lucky. In the same year, he acquired the slaughter of a slaughtered bay shung from hunters, processed it and outlined hunting stories sent to France. It was more than a hundred years ago. Having received a second skin and skeleton, the scientists were already able to draw conclusions. For a great external resemblance to an ordinary bear and according to the nature of its nutrition, it was originally called the bamboo bear. However, having carefully studied the materials received, zoologists soon abandoned the hasty determination and attributed the new beast to the raccoon family, called the big panda. Large because earlier, in 1825, a small panda, an animal living in some areas of Asia, was enrolled in the family. Years passed, but the original name of the big panda - the bamboo bear - turned out to be tenacious, and it is often used in everyday life, since the external resemblance to the bear is undeniable.

The discovery of an unusual beast, as usual, turned against him. Not only scientists, but also hunters of rare hunting trophies, catchers and traders of wild animals became interested in panda. A lot of adventurers from Europe and the New World rushed to China. But getting to the habitats of large pandas was extremely difficult. Highland, impassable roads, dense forests, impenetrable thickets of bamboo, numerous water obstacles, mountain falls fell in the way of the hunters ...

With the help of local residents, the first big panda was caught in 1916, but she quickly died. And only twenty years later, one American woman acquired a young panda and safely delivered her to the USA, to the city of San Francisco.

In 1957, a large panda first settled in our country, in a special house on the territory of the Moscow Zoo.

Under natural conditions, big pandas feed mainly on leaves and young bamboo shoots, they also eat some other plants, insects. There is evidence that sometimes bamboo bears eat fish, small rodents and other animals.

The maximum lifespan of large pandas in captivity is 13-14 years. How much they live in natural conditions, and how many they wander today in dense mountain forests, nobody knows, count their number

The case is extremely difficult. Now, as, incidentally, before, big pandas are a rarity in captivity. The image of this wonderful beast became the emblem of the International Fund for the Conservation of Wildlife.

4. Independent practical work.

Carefully read the text on p.28. Look at the icons. Remember what they mean. Let's make a ladder - work plan:

1) Transfer through the copy paper pattern on the white paper (p.100.)

2) Cut a rectangle out of black paper or cardboard for the background.

3) Cut the outline of white paper and stick it on a black background.

4) Cut 2 eyes and nose out of black paper, stick it on the panda.

The task. Make a panda.

The teacher observes, comments, helps. Particular attention is paid to safety.

FIZKULTTINOOK.

Iii. The result of the lesson.

Sign and put your work on the desk.

Game "Find Differences".

Open the textbook and look at the picture in the textbook, then at your work. Raise your hand, whose work is the same as in the picture. Raise your hands, who has one difference, two differences.

Now compare your work with the one I did. Find the differences (claws on the paws, the branch on which the bear sits, and two twigs in the paws below).

Remember how to cut symmetrical parts.

Put in order the workplace.

The lesson is over.

Conclusion

While working on my thesis on technology and methods of teaching technique of application in school, I have studied the history of the development of application as a type of decorative and applied art.

And also lesson plans were developed, aimed at studying and performing handicrafts on the appliqué technique.

The analysis of theoretical and methodological literature on the problem of aesthetic education of pupils of primary classes by means of application allows to draw the following conclusions:

1. Aesthetic education - the formation of a person's aesthetic attitude to reality and the revitalization of his creative work on the laws of beauty.

2. Application is one of the important factors of aesthetic development of a person.

H. The method of aesthetic education should be based on joint activities of a teacher and a child in developing his creative abilities to perceive the beauty of the world around him.

4. Aesthetic installation dominates in the child's soul. Childhood is filled with games, the psychology of which is close to the psychology of aesthetic life.

It is believed that the highest level of activity is achieved by man in the works. Creative activity raises the personality from the consumer level of spiritual and material values to the level of their creator.

People who have poorly developed reproductive skills may be potential violators of the cultural traditions of society. In the absence of a targeted pedagogical impact on the development of the creative abilities of students, their extinction occurs. In order not to replenish the category of destroyers, it is necessary for all children, regardless of their abilities, to be included in creative activities.

Arts and crafts are traditional in any country in the world. Most of us took brushes in our hands as a child, someone with interest and curiosity tried to knit, embroider, some made wonderful toys from paper, fabric, etc. The objective environment surrounds the person constantly, it affects the subconscious, positively and negatively shaping his feelings and emotions, behavior and communication. Hence, decorative and applied art contributes to the spiritual development of a person through creative, aesthetically significant creative activity.

The creative process of creating decorative and applied art is not only educative, but also educational in nature, which allows us to acquire general labor, special labor skills and skills, as well as special skills in the field of artistic and practical activities.

Schoolchildren have a desire and need to work, because This activity is associated with the manifestation of positive emotions. The moral and creative satisfaction experienced by a person in the process of labor causes a desire to re-experience a feeling of joy from this process and results. It is not uncommon for a child to become a profession. But even if in the future, students do not associate their life with arts and crafts, the skills acquired in the classroom will help them in their work in any specialty. No wonder many more mature in the organization of their leisure time back to the passions of childhood.

And in conclusion, it should be noted that the application is one of the most beloved types of visual activity by children: children are pleased with the bright color of the paper, the good arrangement of the figures, and their cutting and sticking techniques are of great interest. The application as a type of visual activity is aimed at the formation of certain knowledge in children, the development of skills, the development of skills and personality education. The application gives children the opportunity to learn about the color, structure of objects, their size, shape and composition.

Thus, arts and crafts, in particular, the technique of application in elementary school allows us to solve those educational tasks that today are among the most important.

References

1. Arapova, S.V. Learning art. Artistic and logical integration. - SPb .: KARO, 2004. - (Modernization of general education).

2. Batyshev, S.Ya. Professional Pedagogy: A textbook for students enrolled in pedagogical specialties and areas. - M .: Association "Vocational Education", 2007. - p.219.

3. Belyakov, N. D., Pokrovskaya A.I., Tseitlin N.E. Circle "Skillful hands" in school. - M., 2007. - p.158.

4. Bogateeva, Z.A. Classes application. - M .: Education, 2008.

5. Bubekina, G.V., Goslavskaya, T.P. Homemade from natural material. - M., 1999. - p. 180.

6. Wiener, A.V. Materials and technique of mosaic painting. - M., 2003. - p.95.

7. Grigorieva, G.G. The development of the preschooler in the visual activity: A manual for students of higher pedagogical educational institutions. - M .: 1999.

8. Gusakova, M.A. Application - M., 2007. - p. 153.

9. Gusakova, M.A. Application: A textbook for students of pedagogical schools in the specialty No. 2002 "Pre-school education" and No. 2010 "Education in pre-school institutions." - M .: Enlightenment, 1999.

10. Kvach, N.V. The development of imaginative thinking and graphic skills in children 5-7 years old: A Handbook for teachers of preschool institutions. - M .: Humanitizd. Center VLADOS, 2001.

11. Korchikova, O.V. Arts and crafts in preschool institutions (series "The world of your child"). - Rostov N / D: Phoenix, 2002.

12. Kosminskaya, V.B., Khalezova N.B. Fundamentals of fine art and methods of leadership of the visual activity of children: Lab. workshop: textbook for students ped. Institutes in the specialty number 2110 "Pedagogy and Psychology" (doshk.) - Moscow: Enlightenment, 2000.

13. Krylova, ON, Samsonova L.Yu. Pourochnye development of labor training. 1 class. Tutorial. - M .: ed. "Exam", 2006. - p.86.

14. Makhmutov, M.I. Modern lesson: Questions of the theory.M., 2003. - p.92.

15. Mayorova, I.G. Labor training in primary school. - M., 1978. - p.147.6 Methodical recommendations for the "Program of education and training in kindergarten" (compiled by L.V. Russkova) - Moscow: Enlightenment, 2006.

16. Nemensky, B.M. The wisdom of beauty // On the problems of aesthetic education: A book for the teacher. - M., 2001. - p.210.

17. Novozhilov, E.D. Technology and entrepreneurship. - M .: MPU, 2006. - p.87.

18. Basic concepts of technological education. Teaching manual. Author-comp .: Solovyanuk, V.G. - Birsk, 2007. - p.114.

19. Panteleeva L.V. Artistic work in kindergartens: A book for a kindergarten teacher (L.V. Panteleeva, E. Kamenov, M. Stanoevich. - Moscow: Prosveshchenie, 2007.

20. Preparing a technology teacher for a lesson. Teaching aid, author-comp .: Solovyanuk VG - Birsk, 2007. - p.139.

21. Pozhidaeva, S.P. Course and final qualification work at the Faculty of Technology and Entrepreneurship. - Birsk: state. social ped. Acad., 2006. - p.43.

22. Samorodsky, P.S. Didactic basics of special preparation of a teacher of technology and entrepreneurship. - Bryansk: Publishing house BGPU, 2000. - p.68.

slide

With glue

With a needle

By sewing machine

slide

The choice of fabric slide

fabric selection:

On contrasting colors

Soft pastel colors

fabric is better to choose:

With floral pattern

Abstract pattern

Blurry pattern

Plain painted

Cold

Neutral

: slide

Operating procedure: slide

Guys, where are the applications applied? Slide 9

The appliqué is used to decorate the objects around us, such as cushions.

You can decorate with appliques napkins, aprons, bright gloves, a hot-water bottle on a teapot, handbags, a hat,

Iv.

I. Procurement of parts (main part, application parts, flizilin)

III

Answers:

- Do not bite the thread with your teeth - you can ruin the enamel and hurt the lips.

V. Lesson Summary 10 min

1. Questions for repetition:

What is an application?

- Translated from the Latin word appliqué means “attachment”. Appliqué fabric - patchwork.

-Check for durability, and when performing overhead sewing from pieces of thin fabrics, they are glued on the seamy side with flasilin or dublerin to protect them from shedding the threads over the cuts.

2 minutes

View Document Content
"" Types and methods of performing applications ""

Technology lesson.

"Types and methods

run application "

Mikhailovsky branch

MBOU "Shchekinskaya average

comprehensive school"

Polyakova Olga Nikolaevna

year 2013

Lesson plan

Lesson topic "Types and methods of performing applications »

Lesson objectives:

I. Familiarize yourself with the technical conditions and techniques for performing the invoice application, teach how to perform it.

Ii. Develop an understanding of the relationship of the practical use of the product, its shape, material and color with the decoration;

understanding the need for decorative processing depicted in embroidery objects and images of the real world.

Iii. Improve in children the ability of the aesthetic perception of arts and crafts.

Visual aids: tables with pictures, decoration materials, samples of types of decoration: appliqués, embroidery, sketches of patterns; types of stitches: looped, chained, stalked, cruciform.

Equipment and tools: projector, screen, laptop, iron, ironing board, scissors, needles, one-color cloth, pattern for appliqué, floss threads, ribbon for finishing.

During the classes

I.Organizational part.

Ii.Updating reference knowledge.

Guys, the topic of our lesson is “Application. Types and methods of performing applications ".

Translated from the Latin word application means “attachment”.

- You have already engaged in this type of work, the application is from what materials?

From paper;

Natural material.

Let's build a logic circuit and see what the application is.

(students on the desks are sold out with words) slide

Iii. Formation of new skills.

Laid on sewing exists for a long time. People decorate their clothes and other household items by imposing various pieces of material — fabric, leather, fur — on them according to the pattern and fixing them with various hand stitches on the fabric.

Applications are divided: slide

To destination (decoration, renovation, repair)

By materials - by type of fabrics used for its manufacture.

By the method of attachment (machine, manual, adhesive, removable).

In appearance (slit or bed, flat, convex).

By topic (ornamental, natural, fantasy).

Types of applications slide

application is:

simple slide

bulk slide

semi-volume slide

removable slide

multi-layered slide

Ways of fixing the application on the fabric slide

Elements of the application attached to the base:

with glue

with a needle

on a sewing machine

Elements of application attached to the base: needle slide

What hand stitches do you know?

Answer: straight, looped, tambour, oblique, cruciform.

In this stitches should fit snugly to each other. In addition to hand techniques, a variety of decorative lines are used, performed on modern sewing machines. slide

The choice of fabric slide

fabric selection:

on contrasting colors

soft pastel colors

fabric is better to choose:

with floral pattern

abstract pattern

vague pattern

one-colored

We must remember the combination of color

cold
neutral

Need to choose the right fabric : slide

Operating procedure: slide

On the cooked, fabric impose a pattern for the application and fix the pins

Details of the pattern are attached to the main fabric background with floss, silk or polyester threads.

Guys and where n are applications applied? Slide 9

The appliqué is used to decorate the objects around us, such as cushions.

You can decorate with appliques napkins, aprons, bright gloves, a hot-water bottle on a teapot, handbags, a hat,

Gorgeous paintings are home decoration

Iv.Application of acquired skills.

Practical independent work. The implementation of practical work on the instructional cards.

The main stages of the application

I. Procurement of parts(main part, parts of application, flizilin)

II.But the appliqué on the edge to the main fabric-background with small stitches “forward needle”.

III. Sew the appliqué on the edge to the main fabric with hand stitches or machine zigzag stitching.

Before proceeding to the application, it is necessary to properly organize the workplace, to draw students' attention to the observance of aesthetic requirements in the application: stitch length, color of threads and background fabric.

Recall the rules of safe labor when using scissors needles. And abide by these rules while working.

Current briefing. Point out mistakes that students can make while doing work, and help correct them.

Answers:

- Scissors with closed blades should be located to the right of working rings to him. They are transmitted by closing the blades and rings forward.

- It is impossible to sew with a rusty and blunt needle.

- Do not stick needles into clothing, table or other items. Needles should be stored in a needle bed or pad.

- Do not bite the thread with your teeth - you can ruin the enamel and hurt the lips.

V.Lesson Summary 10 min

1 . Questions for repetition:

What is an application?

- Translated from the Latin word appliqué means “attachment”. Appliqué fabric - patchwork.

How to prepare fabric for application?

What stitches attach appliqué?

- Loops, chain, oblique, cruciform.

How to translate the pattern on the fabric?

- Translation of the picture is carried out using a copy paper, or use a piece

2. Analysis of the work performed and evaluation

evaluate each work, taking into account the accuracy and correctness of the hand stitches of the sewn appliqué.

Make an exhibition of the work performed

Results: Applique, or applied sewing is very interesting, simple and easy to use creative work2 minutes

Housekeeping every girl.

Type of application consisting in the image of individual objects. Course work: Methods of application work with different materials in school

Application as a type of artistic activity preschooler.

Plan

The concept of "application", its types and techniques

Kinds

Thematic - thematic application

Decorative applique -

2). The peculiarity of the application at preschool age.

3). Features of application materials and techniques of working with them.

four). The tasks of learning and development of children (junior, middle, senior, preparatory groups).

Introduction

Chapter 1. Application, as one of the types of artistic creativity

1.1 the history of the creation of applications

1.2 Types of application work

1.3 Technology create applications from various materials

Chapter 2. Methods of organizing application work

2.2 Development of the elective course

2.3 Plans for abstract lessons on the technique of application

Conclusion

References

View Document Content "" Types and methods of performing applications ""

View Document Content
"" Types and methods of performing applications ""