To be successful in any endeavor, you need a system of consistent action. Many people think that it is enough just to define a goal and go towards it, but it's not that simple. If the goal is long-term, then you run the risk of meeting obstacles, to overcome which you may not have enough, nor inspiration. And only a systematic approach will help you out.

Reaching a goal is like a long, grueling race. Someone can start to run quickly and after a short period of time will collapse exhausted. And someone will distribute them over the entire distance and cross the finish line. We bring to your attention a system of 10 steps that will help you not to fizzle out immediately after the start.

Choose a goal that motivates and inspires you

You shouldn't set such a banal goal as. That is, of course, such a goal may be, but you should approach the formulation of the task in a different way. For example: learning to speak fluently without feeling awkward in conversations with native speakers, or learning to read and understand books in English.

One of the keys to successfully achieving a goal (besides discipline) is motivation. When you install it, make sure it is important to you and meets your values. That is, the goal should have clearly defined advantages. It also needs to be relevant to the big picture of your life. When you install it, make sure you are very motivated to achieve it by following these steps:

• Ask yourself if you put it because you want to achieve it or because it is fashionable and popular. Are your interests and needs taken into account? After all, you have to go to the goal long enough, so you need to make sure that you definitely need it.
• Ask yourself the question, "On a scale of 1 to 10, how much do I need this?"
• Write down any benefits that you expect to receive if you achieve your goal.
• Ask yourself, "How does this goal fit into the overall picture of my life?"

Move on to the second step when you are sure you are motivated enough to achieve this goal.

Make it specific

You've probably heard this a million times: ambiguous goals produce ambiguous results. If you want positive, unambiguous results, your goals need to be specific. Let's say you want to read 30 classic fiction books over the next year. For this you need:

• Write down the titles of all the works you want to read. Spend enough time compiling a list of books that are of interest to you.
• Determine if they will be in electronic or paper format.
• Decide how long it will take to read.

Look at your goal and ask yourself, "How can I make it more specific?" Then ask again, "How can I make it even more specific?" In our case, the answer would be: "Read one book from the list every week."

Set a deadline

Deadlines are one of the best motivators in life. They are vital to achieving the goal. Whichever goal you choose, make sure you have a deadline.

Establish milestones

The main stage is the transition from one phase to another. When a goal is too far off, milestones act as pointers that allow you to track progress and make sure you're on track. the right way... They also allow you to see where the reason to rejoice and celebrate is coming, which is also important for motivating and keeping you moving.

Find out what are the milestones on the way to your goal. This is important for the next step.

Reward yourself

Rewards are a great incentive to work towards your goals. Ideally, however, the process of achieving the goal will be a reward in itself. But even if you love reading, sometimes reading will be difficult.

Rewards can be quite symbolic and cost you a penny. Enjoy the process, but do not forget about the little deserved joys of life.

Break the path to the goal into separate steps

One of the main reasons people postpone their goals is because they don't know how to act. Therefore, you must know exactly what to do. That is, break it down into small steps.

Any goal can be broken down into smaller ones. For example:

• If your goal is to write a novel, then the goal will be a certain number of pages, chapters, written.
• If the goal is learning foreign language, then the goal will be to complete 3 lessons per week.

Write down these small goal steps.

Plan it out

Once you know exactly what you will be doing each day, it's time to start planning.

Make sure that no other business is planned and that no one or nothing will distract you. Of course, this includes mute the mobile phone.

Track your progress

There are studies that show that tracking your progress towards your goals improves well-being and increases your levels of happiness. By evaluating your results, you will be watching what you go to the right direction... All of this will ultimately add even more motivation.

When you fall, rise

In pursuit of the goal, you will fall more than once (which is why we say "when", not "if"). It is important to be mentally prepared for the fact that there will certainly be defeats.

You can also lag behind your plan for various reasons: illness, other affairs, difficult circumstances. Don't give up - get back to work as soon as you can. Don't let failure distract you from your goal.

Find a way to hold accountability for your goal.

You need to make a commitment for yourself, otherwise it will be very easy to give it up in difficult times (and they will). If possible, work on your goal with other people. For example, write a novel together. Let it be chaotic, but in this way it will become easier to motivate each other.

We wish you good luck!

If the mission sets general guidelines, directions for the functioning of the organization, expressing the meaning of its existence, then the specific final state to which the organization strives at each moment of time is fixed in the form of its goals. In other words,

Strategic goals are specific results and achievements, distributed over time, that are necessary for the implementation of the mission formulated.

Goals are the specific state of individual characteristics of the organization, the achievement of which is desirable for it and the achievement of which its activities are directed.

The importance of goals to an organization cannot be overemphasized.

Goals are the starting point for planning activities, goals are the basis for building organizational relations, the motivation system used in the organization is based on goals, finally, goals are the starting point in the process of monitoring and evaluating the results of work of individual employees, departments and the organization as a whole.

Depending on the period of time required to achieve them, the goals are divided into long-term and short term.

In principle, the division of goals into these two types is based on the time period associated with the length of the production cycle.

The goals that are expected to be achieved by the end of the production cycle are long-term. It follows that in different industries there must be different time intervals to achieve long-term goals. However, in practice, goals that are achieved within one to two years are usually considered short-term, and, accordingly, long-term goals are goals that are achieved in three to five years.

The division of goals into long-term and short-term is of fundamental importance, since these goals differ significantly in content. For short-term goals, much more concretization and detailing (who should perform what and when) is characteristic of long-term goals. Sometimes, if the need arises, intermediate goals are also set between long-term and short-term goals, which are called medium-term.

Goal requirements

Goals are essential to the successful functioning and survival of an organization over the long term. However, if the goals are incorrect or poorly defined, this can lead to very serious negative consequences for the organization.

The goal of an organization is its future desired state, the motive for the behavior and actions of its employees. In contrast to the mission, the goals express more specific directions of the enterprise.

Doran created a SMART GOAL (see Table 2.1) that is very helpful in setting goals.

Table 2.1 - CHARACTERISTIC OF OBJECTIVES

The goals of each level reflect the overall goal, and the lower the level, the more detailed the goals.

The goals of an organization are formulated and set based on a shared mission and defined values ​​and goals that are guided by top management. To truly contribute to the success of an organization, goals must have a number of characteristics.

First, the goals must be specific and measurable. By expressing their goals in concrete, measurable forms, management creates a clear reference point for subsequent decisions and assessments of progress. It will be easier to determine how well the organization is performing towards its goals.

Second, the goals should be time oriented... It should be precisely defined not only what the organization wants to accomplish, but also when the result is to be achieved. Goals are usually set for long or short periods of time. The long-term goal has a planning horizon of approximately five years, sometimes longer for technically advanced firms. The short-term goal in most cases represents one of the organization's plans, which should be completed within a year. Medium-term goals have a planning horizon of one to five years.

Third, the goals should be achievable to serve to improve the efficiency of the organization. Setting a goal that diminishes an organization's capabilities due to insufficient resources or external factors can be disastrous. If the goals are unattainable, the employees' drive for success will be blocked and their motivation will be weakened. Because it is common in everyday life to associate remuneration and promotion with achieving goals, unattainable goals can make the means the organization uses to motivate employees less effective.

Fourth to be effective, the organization's multiple goals must be mutually supportive, i.e. actions and decisions necessary to achieve one goal should not interfere with the achievement of other goals.

Directions for setting goals

Depending on the specifics of the industry, the characteristics of the state of the environment, the nature and content of the mission, each organization sets its own goals, which are special both in terms of a set of organizational parameters, the desired state of which appears in the form of the organization’s goals, and in a quantitative assessment of these parameters.

Objectives will only be an important part of the strategic planning and management process if senior management articulates them correctly, then communicates them to all people in the organization and stimulates their implementation. The strategic planning and management process will be successful to the extent that senior management is involved in setting goals, and to the extent that these goals reflect the values ​​of the leadership and the real capabilities of the firm.

Key spaces for defining organizational goals are presented in Table 9.1.

There is a general consensus among strategic planners that financial goals are the most important. Profit occupies a leading position in the hierarchy of goals of a commercial organization.

The goals are always achieved under certain constraints that can be set by the organization itself and influenced from the outside.

Internal constraints can be the principles of the firm, the level of costs, production capacity, financial resources, the state of marketing, managerial capacity, etc.

External restrictions can be legislative norms, inflation, competitors, changes in the economic situation and the level of income of the population, the financial condition of the main partners and debtors, etc.

However, despite the situationality in fixing a set of goals, there are four areas in which organizations set their goals:

1) the income of the organization;

2) work with clients;

3) the needs and well-being of employees;

4) social responsibility.

As you can see, these four areas relate to the interests of all subjects influencing the organization's activities, which were mentioned earlier when discussing the issues of the organization's mission.

The most common areas in which business organizations set goals are as follows.

1. In the area of ​​income:

Profitability, reflected in indicators such as profit, profitability, earnings per share, etc .;

Market position, described by such indicators as market share, sales volume, market share relative to a competitor, the share of individual products in total sales, etc .;

Productivity, expressed in costs per unit of production, material consumption, in the return per unit of production capacity, the volume of products produced per unit of time, etc .;

Financial resources, described by indicators characterizing the structure of capital, the movement of money in the organization, the amount of working capital, etc.;

The capacities of the organization, expressed in terms of targets related to the size of the used capacities, the number of units of equipment, etc .;

Development, production of a product and updating of technology, described in such indicators as the amount of costs for the implementation of projects in the field of research and development, the timing of the introduction of new equipment, the timing and volume of production of the product, the timing of the introduction of a new product to the market, the quality of the product, etc.

2. In the field of working with clients:

Customer service, expressed in terms of customer service speed, customer complaints, etc.

3. In the field of work with employees:

Changes in organization and management, reflected in indicators that set targets for the timing of organizational changes, etc .;

Human resources, described using indicators reflecting the number of absenteeism, staff turnover, professional development of employees, etc.

4. In the area of ​​social responsibility:

Providing assistance to society, described by such indicators as the amount of charity, timing of charity events, etc.

A core vision and entrepreneurial philosophy is needed to establish strategic goals for the owners of the organization, its managers, employees, and also to gain the trust of customers and other stakeholders so that there is no conflict of interest. The correct definition of goals is a global prerequisite for the successful development of a management strategy at any level.

It is not just the message, the entrepreneurial philosophy and the core intent that are used to shape strategic goals. Data on the internal and external environment, expected market dynamics, competition and other factors are extremely important sources of information (see Fig. 2.2).

Figure 2.2 - Process for formulating and controlling strategic goals

Hierarchy of goals ("goal tree")

In any large organization with several different structural divisions and several levels of management, there is hierarchy of goals, which is a decomposition of higher-level goals into goals of more low level... The specificity of the hierarchical construction of goals in an organization is due to the fact that:

Higher-level goals are always broader in nature and have a longer time frame for achievement;

The goals of a lower level act as a kind of means for achieving goals of a higher level.

For example, short-term goals are derived from long-term ones, are their concretization and detailing, "subordinate" to them and determine the activities of the organization in the short term. Short-term goals seem to set milestones on the way to achieving long-term goals. It is through the achievement of short-term goals that the organization moves step by step towards achieving its long-term goals.

Based on the large number of enterprise goals, their individual nature and complex relationships, a special model is used for their analysis - the goal tree model.

To build such a model, goal statements should consist of the following elements:

The scope of the goal (to what extent should the goal be achieved?);

Deadline for achieving the goal (how long should the goal be achieved?).

The method of structuring goals provides for a quantitative and qualitative description, timing of achievement and analysis of hierarchically distributed interconnected and interdependent goals of strategic management.

Structured goals are often represented graphically as a “tree” of goals, showing the links between them and the means to achieve them.

The construction of such a "tree" is carried out on the basis of deductive logic using heuristic procedures. It consists of goals of several levels: general goal - main goals (subgoals of 1st level) - goals of 2nd level - subgoals of 3rd level and so on up to the required level.

To achieve the general goal, it is necessary to realize the main goals (in essence, these goals act in relation to the superior goal as a means); to achieve each of the main goals, it is required to implement, respectively, their more specific goals of the 2nd level, etc.

Typically, classification, decomposition and ranking procedures are used to build a “tree” of goals. Each subgoal should be characterized by a coefficient of relative importance. The sum of these coefficients for subgoals of one goal must be equal to one.

Each level of goals (sub-goals) should be formed according to a certain criterion of decomposition of the process of achieving them, and any goal (sub-goal) should preferably be attributed to an organizationally separate unit or performer.

The hierarchy of goals is very important role, as it establishes the "coherence" of the organization and ensures the orientation of the activities of all departments to achieve the goals of the upper level. If the hierarchy of goals is built correctly, then each department, achieving its goals, makes the necessary contribution to achieving the goals of the organization as a whole.

In conclusion, the main differences between the mission and the goals of the organization can be noted (table 9.2).

The goals set should have the status of law for the organization, for all its divisions and for all members. However, immutability does not in any way follow from the requirement that goals are mandatory. It has already been said that due to the dynamism of the environment, goals can change. It is possible to approach the problem of changing goals as follows: goals are adjusted whenever circumstances require it. In this case, the process of changing goals is purely situational.

But another approach is possible. Many organizations are implementing a systematic, proactive change in objectives. With this approach, the organization sets long-term goals. Based on these long-term goals, detailed short-term goals (usually annual) are developed. Upon reaching these goals, new long-term goals are developed. At the same time, they take into account those changes that occur in the environment, and those changes that occur in the set and level of requirements put forward in relation to the organization by the subjects of influence. On the basis of new long-term goals, short-term goals are determined, upon reaching which, new long-term goals are again developed. With this approach, long-term goals are not achieved, since they are regularly changed. However, a long-term target orientation is constantly present in the organization's activities and the course is regularly adjusted to take into account the emerging new circumstances and opportunities.

One of the most important points that determine the process of setting goals in an organization is the degree of delegation of decision-making power on goals to lower levels of the organization. As the acquaintance with real practice shows, the process of setting goals in different organizations goes differently. In some organizations, goal setting is completely or largely centralized, while in other organizations there may be complete or nearly complete decentralization. There are organizations in which the process of setting goals is intermediate between full centralization and full decentralization.

Each of these approaches has its own specifics, advantages and disadvantages. So, in the case of complete centralization in setting goals, all goals are determined by the highest level of the organization's management. With this approach, all goals are subordinated to a single orientation. And this is a definite advantage. At the same time, this approach has significant drawbacks. So, the essence of one of these shortcomings is that at the lower levels of organizations there can be rejection of these goals and even resistance to their achievement.

In the case of decentralization, the goal setting process involves both the upper and lower levels of the organization. There are two schemes for decentralized goal setting. In one, the process of setting goals is top-down. Decomposition of goals is as follows: each of the lower levels in the organization determines its goals based on what goals were set for a higher level. The second scheme assumes that the process of setting goals is from the bottom up. In this case, the subordinate links set goals for themselves, which serve as the basis for setting goals for the next, higher level.

As you can see, different approaches to goal setting differ significantly. However, it is common that the decisive role in all cases should belong to the top management.

Strategic Objectives

The distinction between goals and objectives is based on the level at which they operate in the organization. Tasks are also related to individual divisions of the organization or its branches.

It is also possible the presence of tasks in the goals, but at the level of departments, if they are included in the process of achieving goals. In this case, the tasks are a reformulation of general goals, in that part of their achievement, which is assigned to individual departments (for example, the company's goal to obtain a certain percentage of an increase in sales volume can be reformulated as specific tasks of the production department, marketing department, transport department, financial service, etc.). etc.).

Objectives are of a shorter-term nature than goals, as they relate to the planning of current activities. This often leads to the fact that tasks are inherently multiple, since they are operational in nature and can differ depending on the direction of the company.

The purpose and main objectives form the background in which the proposed strategies are formulated, as well as the criteria by which they are evaluated.

The main objectives establish what the organization intends to accomplish in the medium and long term to achieve the goal.

We've all had to sit in general meetings where company executives talked about big and very important corporate goals for the next year. If you are, then you probably also had a hand in the formation of such goals - quarterly or annually.

And then what? You had a short meeting with your team members and let them know what important goals lay ahead of them. Then they answered a couple of questions, and after that everyone scattered to their desks to do their daily activities.

Usually such goals are written down somewhere - in strategic documents, or. But in this form, they do not at all seem to be something tangible and achievable. When your team is fully focused on current tasks, future goals are perceived as something very, very distant. As a result, team members do not feel the slightest desire to achieve them.

Getting carried away with the goal - why is it so difficult?

Each team member needs to feel that they are contributing to the overall success of the company. But this is hampered by one major barrier: communication.

“The head of marketing is a leader, not a frontline employee,” explains Krishna Powell, leadership consultant and CEO of HR consultancy 4 Your Small Biz, LLC.

“Employees often turn a deaf ear to what they say,” she adds.

As one of the leaders of a company, you perceive these goals differently. You look at the situation from the top down, which means that it is easier for you to see the big picture.

“From a top-down view, all projects and goals are combined into a single strategy aimed at achieving corporate-level goals,” says business coach and leadership consultant Dave Leibovitz. “On the other hand, ordinary team members look at projects from the bottom up.”

“Without knowing the broader context, corporate goals can seem abstract and unrelated to the day-to-day work of the team,” he continues. "It's hard to get a heartache about achieving a goal when it looks so far away."

Seven practical advice how to inspire the team to achieve corporate goals

Fortunately, common communication problems can be overcome. Here are seven different approaches you can take to get your team engaged.

1. Get agreement between leaders

Do not expect your employees to become interested in the strategic goals of the company if the management of the organization is unable to agree among themselves. That is why reaching agreement between leaders is the first thing to strive for.

This is important for several reasons. First, you and your fellow executives will achieve complete clarity in setting goals, which will help avoid misunderstandings and unnecessary employee work.

Secondly, how can you demand from subordinates that they are imbued with a common goal, if you yourself are not imbued with it? It is difficult to instill faith in people if you don’t believe yourself. “When a leader questions a goal for whatever reason, body language betrays it,” says Alison Henderson, non-verbal communication specialist and CEO of Moving Image Consulting.

Your subordinates are no more stupid than you. They will notice your fake enthusiasm and, in turn, themselves will begin to question the goal.

2. Involve team members in the goal setting process

Include team members in the goal setting process from the beginning. This will help them see the big picture from your perspective.

Even though they may not be able to sit next to you and other leaders in strategy meetings, that doesn't mean you should keep them at a distance.

When senior management has agreed on overall goals or OKRs, show the list to your team. Tell them about your goals and ask a simple question:

What can our team do to contribute to this goal?

Let's say your organization wants to build a reputation as a thought leader in HR.

How can your team members help? Let them make their suggestions. For example, you can guest post on reputable blogs, speak at industry events, host webinars ... and so on and so forth.

This simple exercise connects a distant goal to the day-to-day work of your employees. And the perception of the big picture, presented in this form, will certainly increase their work motivation.

6. Show enthusiasm

If you yourself are not enthusiastic about the goals you have set, then do not expect enthusiasm from the team either.

“Employees need to see that their leaders are genuinely passionate about the goals on which the organization's success depends,” says Powell. "And the leaders talk about these goals as if they were just another checkmark on the list."

With this attitude, the goal is perceived by employees as the next task to be completed, as part of the routine, and not a shining prize to be fought for.

Be enthusiastic about your corporate goals (and the consequences of achieving them) and team members will follow your example.

7. Regularly remind of the importance of corporate goals

The process of setting goals often goes something like this: You explain to your team what the goal is for this quarter or year, and then completely forget about it until it is time to check the team's actual performance against what was expected.

This is a dampening and counterproductive approach. You need to make the process of moving towards the goal visible and visual, not just the finish line.

“If corporate goals are not remembered from time to time, then they are treated like the saying: out of sight, out of mind,” says Leibovitz. “If a corporate goal is so important to trying to achieve it, then it’s important enough to track it and regularly report to the team on how work is progressing to achieve it.”

Let your team know about the progress towards the goal. And of course, celebrate everyone important stage on a way! Recognizing team members will strengthen their motivation.

Forward movement

You want your team members to feel connected and to make efforts to achieve the overall goals of the company. But discussing these goals with employees in a way that sparks enthusiasm can be challenging.

Fortunately, there are special techniques for keeping individual employees interested in common goals. They include:

• First of all, reaching agreement among senior management
• Involving team members in the goal setting process
• Conversation with the team in a language they understand
• Linking corporate goals to personal
• Providing the necessary context
• Show enthusiasm
• Regular goal reminders

Do this and everyone on your team will be much more understanding and accountable.

Article 1 (part 1) of the Constitution of the Russian Federation proclaims the Russian Federation as a democratic rule-of-law state with a republican form of government. The meaning of the legal state is revealed through Art. 2 of the Constitution: "A person, his rights and freedoms are the highest value. Recognition, observance and protection of human and civil rights and freedoms is the duty of the state." While highly assessing the significance of these constitutional records, it should be noted, however, that Russia today is not a rule-of-law state, as well as human rights and freedoms in reality have not become the highest value. And this is a legitimate fact, determined by both the previous history and that difficult situation, in which there was modern Russia... Formation of the rule of law and respect for human rights is an extremely difficult task, and its solution is possible only as a result of many years (and maybe even decades) of efforts of the whole society associated with overcoming both the legacy of the past and those mistakes and miscalculations that were made in recent years. Let us dwell on the reasons for the difficulties in the formation of a legal state in Russia. a) One of the main difficulties is the historical traditions of Russia, which were incompatible with democracy and freedom. Russia is a country dominated by the systematic centrist approach in the relationship between the individual and the authorities. The ideas of freedom and human rights, universal equality and justice, received wide use in the states of Europe and in the USA in the XVII -XVIII centuries. and which became the universal slogan of bourgeois revolutions, were not alien to the political thought of Russia. However, they arose in the second half of the 18th century. (A.N. Radishchev, S.E.Desitsky, N.I. Novikov and others). Unfortunately, these ideas could not be perceived by the public consciousness of the people, backward and illiterate, crushed by serfdom and autocracy, boundless faith in the "good tsar". Liberal ideas began to penetrate into political and legal thought in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries. The desire to comprehend the experience of the French Revolution, whose roots were laid in the Reformation and Enlightenment, is characteristic of a large galaxy of Russian lawyers and historians. Hence the ideas of natural law and the rule of law, which are explored in the works of B.N. Chicherin, P.I. Novgo-rodtseva, B.A. Kistyakovsky, V.M. Gessen, L.I. Petrazhitsky and others. They are not yet appreciated contribution to the creation of the ideal of law, ensuring freedom of the individual and all rights. However, these liberal ideas closed in a narrow circle of professionals, they remained alien to the public consciousness not only of the masses, but even of the intelligentsia. B.A. wrote about this with bitterness. Kistyakovsky: "Our public consciousness has never put forward the ideal of a legal personality. Both sides of this ideal - a person disciplined by law and a stable rule of law, and a person endowed with all rights and freely using them, are alien to the consciousness of our intelligentsia." "The regime established after the October Revolution , was a step backward, since he rejected the main democratic values ​​- freedom, the rule of law, human rights, the rule of law.Authoritarianism, the complete leveling of individuality and identity of a person, the denial of his right to freedom of choice and self-determination have become universal rules of a new life. The principles of human rights and freedoms and the inviolability of the individual could not fit into the main concept of the revolution - the dictatorship of the proletariat, based on violence and not bound by any laws.2 The dictatorship of the proletariat is the antipode of the rule of law, since it denies legal equality and, as Lenin put it, “gives a number exemptions from rims "4 in relation to persons belonging to" foreign classes ". This is essentially a massive suppression of individuals, the deprivation of such inalienable rights as the right to life, personal security, etc. tough totalitarian principles. The processes that took place after the victory of October were not random deviations in the development of the country. They were natural for Russia with its community, anti-individualistic ideologies, with blind submission to the authorities, with massive psychological rejection of any personal manifestations, with the authoritarianism of pseudo-collectivism. The undivided domination of Marxist ideology during the years of Soviet power largely contributed to the establishment of pseudo-collectivist principles in society. Considering the main contradiction of the Marxist doctrine, I. Berdyaev noted that "Marxism does not want to see a person behind a class; it wants to see a class with its class interests behind every thought and assessment of a person." Proceeding from this approach, society, proclaiming itself the liberator of all mankind from oppression, suppressed a person, any manifestations of his identity, if they did not fit into the stereotype of the “new Soviet man”. Without formally denying the character and freedoms of citizens and even including their catalog in their constitutions, the authorities did not even try to ensure political freedom, pluralism, the opportunity for each person to have their own opinions and beliefs. Unification of consciousness and standardization of behavior became inevitable in the conditions of the barracks regime. The persecution of any manifestation of dissent was organic for the existing political system and persisted for many years after the liquidation of the Stalinist regime. sky regime. Perestroika was an important turning point in relation to | ssnni human rights and the rule of law. And although it was! the first timid and inconsistent tags on the path of freedom ([they cannot be underestimated. Today's Russia found itself in the ruins of a totalitarian regime, where the tenacious traditions of underestimating man, his rights and freedoms have been preserved. The idea of ​​human rights and the rule of law was inevitable for the government, which declared a complete break with the totalitarian past. However, it lacked consistency, truly democratic guidelines and respect for human dignity as one of the main components of culture. It takes a long time for the state not in words, but in deeds to be guided by the idea of ​​human rights as the highest value, so that these rights and freedoms really determine the meaning, content and application of laws, the activities of the legislative and executive authorities, local self-government.The task is to make the Constitution of the Russian Federation with its personality orientation genuine, real the current Law so that the system of measures - legal, organizational, moral en-nyh - to create in society a deep respect for the rights of the individual. b) The low legal culture of officials, aggravated by the lack of real responsibility for deviating from the law, is most clearly manifested in disrespect and disregard for the law. Human rights are a category that is alien to the legal consciousness of the majority of those who, according to the Constitution, are called upon to ensure their inviolability. The most obvious proof of this is the attitude towards the Constitution itself as a kind of decor necessary in a society that proclaims itself democratic and legal. Low legal culture and citizens themselves, who are not accustomed to defend their morals, use legal forms of judicial protection, apply to state bodies with petitions and complaints in the course of administrative proceedings. Most likely this is the result of disbelief in the reality of any attempts to protect oneself from lawlessness. R. Isring combined the desire to defend one's right with a sense of the dignity of the individual. "Whoever does not feel that in the case when his right is shamelessly violated and trampled upon, the question is not just about the object of this right, but about his own personality, who in such a situation does not feel the desire to defend himself and his right, he is already a hopeless person ... "1. Submission and non-resistance of a person in cases of violation of his rights - feature social sense of justice, inherited from the age-old antipersonal traditions. The priority of human rights and the rule of law requires the efforts of all citizens of Russia, who must contribute to the establishment of the "idea of ​​law" in their society. It is necessary to prepare people for the "fight for the right" as a manifestation of their civic duty, to carry out propaganda of legislation, which is currently consigned to oblivion, which discarded the good traditions in this area, formed in the 60s - 80s. Mass practical participation of citizens in the struggle to establish an order based on law - necessary condition formation of the rule of law. The current apathy, lack of faith, and political apathy create the ground for arbitrariness, complete insecurity of a person. c) In recent years, there has been a weakening of the Russian statehood, and this is a movement towards, opposite to | false to a society based on law. The destruction of the total | * literal state was not backed up by clear prsd-g? shutters about the principles of creating a new democratic "state. Rejection and negative attitude towards the totalitarian state was extended to the state in general, which led to its weakening, deregulation of its organs and mechanisms. The simple truth was consigned to oblivion that without a strong state it is impossible to make a radical restructuring , breaking the foundations of society - political, economic, social, moral. A free market, private property, civilized forms of democracy are incompatible with licentiousness and selfish willfulness. The state should promote reforms, and not be perceived as a hostile force opposing the interests of society. Therefore, first of all, the state itself, all its links are subject to reform.Only the state, acting on the principles of law, can become one of the main factors of economic and social transformations, the guarantor of human rights and freedoms and keep new social processes within the boundaries of law. strengthening the Russian state is an urgent task today. One cannot equate a "strong" state with a totalitarian one. The latter gains power primarily through the development of its power structures, which are often not bound by law. A democratic state becomes "strong" only by relying on the law. The remarkable Russian philosopher and lawyer I.A. Ilyin, forcibly expelled from Russia in the 1920s, prophetically foresaw its inevitable fall even during the period of the greatest triumph of Soviet power. He also predicted those destructive processes that we are witnessing now. I.A. Ilyin believed that in order to overcome the disintegration of Russia, "strong power" is needed, which is not at all the same as "totalitarian power." “The strong power of the coming Russia should not be extra-legal and not supra-legal, but formalized by law and serving the moral, with the help of law - the national rule of law.” "Legal power is the antipode of totalitarianism, capable of ensuring the character and freedom of the individual, protecting his dignity. D) The success of the formation of the rule of law directly depends on the recognition of the special role of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Article 15 of the Basic Law proclaims the supreme legal force of the Constitution and its immediate (direct) effect and application throughout the territory of the Russian Federation. Laws and other legal acts applied in Russian Federation must not contradict the Constitution. The indication of the direct effect of the Constitution has no analogues in domestic practice and obliges the Constitution not to be a decorative ornament of society, but to become a working legislative act, which should be followed when considering specific cases in courts and executive authorities. This is an essential feature of the rule of law. Record art. 15 is supplemented and specified in Art. 18 of the Constitution, which proclaims: "The rights and freedoms of man and citizen are directly applicable. They determine the meaning, content and application of laws, the activities of the legislative and executive authorities, local self-government and ensured by justice." Recognition of human and civil rights and freedoms as directly valid means that a person and a citizen can exercise their rights and freedoms, as well as protect them in case of violation, guided by the Constitution, referring to it. The immediate direct effect of constitutional rights and freedoms is closely related to general principle supreme legal force and direct action of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. These are one of the essential features of the rule of law, emphasizing the importance of human rights and freedoms as the highest value. The principle of direct action of rights and freedoms does not exclude the fact that some of them, for their unhindered effective implementation, need to be concretized by the current law, the development of rules and procedures ordering the exercise and observance of rights and freedoms. So, Art. 27 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, which provides for the right of everyone living on the territory of the Russian Federation to free movement and choice of place of stay and residence, is specified in the Law of the Russian Federation of June 25, 1993 "On the right of citizens of the Russian Federation to freedom of movement, choice of place of stay and Russian Federation"; Art. 28, proclaiming freedom of conscience, developed in the Law of the RSFSR of October 25, 1990 "On freedom of religion"; paragraph 4 of Art. 32 on the right of citizens of the Russian Federation to equal access to public service - in the Regulations on the Federal State Service, approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of December 22, 1993 No. 2267. The legislative regulation of judicial and administrative procedures for protecting the rights of citizens is of great importance. In particular, it requires legislative regulation of Art. 33 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, which provides for the right of citizens to individual and collective appeals. However, the principle of direct action of rights and freedoms means that these rights really belong to a person, regardless of whether they are specified in the current legislation or not, and he can protect them in all ways that are not prohibited by law. The principle of direct action of human rights and freedoms means their supremacy in the legal system of the state. Legislative and other regulatory legal acts of the state are extremely diverse, regulate the most diverse spheres of public relations. And in this diversity, the priority belongs to the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, which should act as the main guideline of legislative and legal practice. The meaning and content of laws, their application are verified by the extent to which they correspond to the provision of human rights and freedoms. In the right-wing system, there are practically no laws that are indifferent, neutral to human rights, even in those cases when they regulate relations that, at first glance, are remote from these dispositions (for example, the competence of any state bodies, economic or financial activities of enterprises, etc.). Ultimately, any legislative acts are confined to the sphere of the morals and freedoms of man and citizen. If any provisions of a regulatory legal act directly or indirectly infringe on human rights, this act must be canceled in accordance with the established procedures. A special role in this belongs to the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, which is called upon to resolve cases on the compliance of the Constitution with legislative and other normative legal acts. Therefore, compliance with human rights and freedoms is an invariable condition of legislative activity, the most important requirement addressed by the Constitution to the legislative authorities and designed to ensure the supremacy of human rights and freedoms. This requirement is also addressed to the executive authorities, for which the system of human and civil rights and freedoms should serve as a natural restraint that does not allow infringement of these rights and freedoms in their rule-making and law enforcement activities. In accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Government of the Russian Federation is called upon to take measures to strengthen the rule of law, the rights and freedoms of citizens (clause "e", part 1 of article 114). The constitutional provision under consideration is of particular importance for local self-government bodies. Realizing their competence, in particular ensuring the independent solution by the population of issues of local importance, ownership, use, disposal of municipal property, the implementation of referendums, elections and other forms of direct expression of the will, local governments must proceed from the inviolability, inviolability and direct action basic constitutional and other rights and freedoms of citizens as fundamental principles of their work. The implementation of these principles at the level of local government is extremely important for the normal life of a citizen of Russia. The direct action of the morals and freedoms of man and citizen is ensured by justice, which is a sign of their reality and effectiveness. Ensuring the rights and freedoms by justice means that any illegal actions of state authorities, local self-government bodies, as well as individuals that infringe on the rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen and infringe on them, can be appealed in court. In accordance with Art. 118 judicial power in the Russian Federation is exercised through constitutional, civil, administrative and criminal court proceedings. These forms of legal proceedings are various methods of judicial protection of human rights and freedoms. The direct and direct action of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, unfortunately, has not become a real principle of our legal life. A lot of legal acts are still being adopted that contradict the Constitution (this is typical, in particular, for the legislation of a significant part of Russian regions, which perceived the expansion of independence as "liberation" from this indispensable requirement of the Constitution). Some courts still do not accept cases for consideration if it comes about the law written in the Constitution, but not specified in the current legislation. This indicates a low level of legal awareness and legal culture of officials, about constitutional ni-hilism. The Constitution can only become the Basic Law of Life if its prescriptions are binding on everyone. official- from the president to an ordinary employee of the local administration and self-government. e) The direct action of human rights and freedoms enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation does not remove the question of improving mechanisms and procedures (constitutional, judicial, administrative and others) designed to protect and ensure the rights and freedoms of citizens. This makes the state protection of the rights of citizens reliable, which is an important factor in the development of legal statehood. Let us first of all recall that Art. 45 of the Constitution guarantees state protection of the rights and freedoms of man and citizen of the Russian Federation. The guarantee of state protection is directly related to the obligation of the state to recognize, observe and protect the rights and freedoms of man and citizen (Art. 2). In order to ensure the protection of human and civil rights and freedoms, the Constitution provides for a system of state guarantees, including various ways and forms of accomplishing this task. 1. First of all, it should be emphasized that the state guarantee of human and civil rights and freedoms is possible only under the conditions of a democratic rule-of-law state. As already noted, Art. 1 of the Constitution proclaims the Russian Federation such a state. The rights and freedoms of man and citizen historically arise with the development of democracy, generated by sy n can really exist and develop only in a democratic society. The collapse of democracy always begins with restrictions (direct or indirect) on the morals and freedoms of man and citizen. Therefore, to ensure them, it is necessary to form and develop democracy, assert the principles of law and the value of personal dignity. 2. An important state guarantee of human rights and freedoms is their recognition as directly acting, determining the functions of the legislative and executive authorities, local self-government (Article 18). 3. The state guarantee of human and civil rights and freedoms is that their regulation belongs to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Russian Federation, and this is intended to ensure a uniform legal status of persons living in the territory of the Russian Federation. At the same time, the protection of human and civil rights and freedoms is the subject of joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation (clause "b", part 1 of article 72). 4. The President of the Russian Federation is the guarantor of human and civil rights and freedoms. 5. The Constitution of the Russian Federation provides for the establishment of the office of the Commissioner for Human Rights. Currently, this institute functions in accordance with Federal law of February 26, 1997 "6. The task of implementing measures to ensure human rights and freedoms falls within the competence of the Government of the Russian Federation (Article 114, paragraph 1" c "). Considering the importance of this task and the need for its real provision, The Government of the Russian Federation should create a body (committee, commission), whose functions would include the development of guarantees for the social, economic and cultural rights of citizens. These issues acquire special significance in the conditions of market relations. Along with general state guarantees, specific legal guarantees should be highlighted. protection of human and civil rights and freedoms 1. The most important legal guarantee of rights and freedoms is judicial protection (parts 1, 2, article 46 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation), which, in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, is provided to everyone (article 46). 118 notes that the judiciary is exercised through constitutional, civil, administrative and criminal proceedings, all of which should become effective ways protection of human and civil rights. 2. Administrative and legal methods of protecting the rights and freedoms of citizens are widely used. The guarantees of such protection are enshrined in Art. 33 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, which provides that citizens of the Russian Federation have the right to apply personally, as well as to send individual and collective appeals to state bodies and local governments. In this regard, it is necessary to adopt the Law on Appeals of Citizens. 3. The legal guarantee is the protection of the rights of victims of crimes and abuse of power by law. The state provides victims with access to justice and compensation for damage caused (Article 52 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation). It should be expected that the right of everyone to reimburse the state for harm caused by illegal actions (or inaction) of public authorities or their officials, provided for in Art. 53 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, will take its rightful place in the system of legal guarantees. The practice of state compensation for harm in previous years was virtually absent, and now it does not easily make its way. Therefore, it is so important to consolidate the above provision in the Constitution of the Russian Federation. 4. Finally, in the Russian Federation everyone is guaranteed the right to receive qualified legal assistance. In cases stipulated by law, legal assistance is provided free of charge (Article 48 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation). As can be seen from the above, the Constitution provides for a wide range of methods and mechanisms for protecting human rights. Unfortunately, many of them are still extremely weak. Improvement of all mechanisms and procedures for the protection of human rights is a necessary condition for the formation of legal statehood. State protection of human and civil rights does not exclude the independent active actions of everyone in all ways that are not prohibited by law. Such methods of protection can be appeals to the mass media, the use of various kinds of public associations (parties, trade unions), appeals to the labor collective, meetings of citizens in order to draw attention to the violation of their (and sometimes not only their) rights and freedoms. An appeal to public opinion is an important complement to government guarantees for the protection of human rights. A special place is occupied by the human rights movement, that is, collective actions in the form of various kinds of associations for the protection of rights and freedoms, either as a general one or as a target task of ensuring the interests of certain categories of the population (persons with disabilities, orphans, military personnel, etc.) etc.). The human right to independently defend one's rights and freedoms was first formally formulated in the Outcome Document of the Vienna Meeting of Representatives of the States Parties to the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe. The states participating in the Vienna meeting expressed their determination "to respect the right of their citizens, independently or jointly with others, to make an active contribution to the development and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms." However, human actions must not run counter to the laws established in society: one must not violate public order, disorganize the work of law enforcement and other institutions; publicly insult persons who, in the opinion of an individual defending his rights, are guilty of violating them, create situations that pose a threat to the life and health of other people. Any extremist actions that contradict the normal life of society are unacceptable. f) There is one more reason hindering the formation of the rule of law in Russia: an extremely difficult economic situation. Disordered privatization, loss of controllability of the economy, concentration of huge wealth in the hands of a small group of people determined a sharp polarization of society in terms of attitude to property and the degree of material security. The merging of property with the authorities and mafia structures has become an irrefutable fact of arable life. This situation inevitably gives rise to a violation of laws associated with the redistribution of monetary and raw materials, the desire to evade taxation, illegal export of capital abroad. Most of the population is alienated from property, and the attempts of ordinary citizens to connect to the activities of various joint stock companies n funds end in inevitable ruin, the indifferent witness of which is the state. The preoccupation with everyday material problems alienates people from politics. Their activity has dropped sharply compared to the beginning of the 90s, since the opportunity to improve their financial position and influence the government turned out to be minimal. Skepticism and disbelief in the measures carried out by the authorities have become the norm in our life. Meanwhile, as already noted, the rule of law is able to establish itself only in a society based on solidarity and coordination of interests, moral principles. After a protracted era of violence and suppression of individual freedom, there should be a search for new forms of life that ensure justice and the good of all members of society. "What are the real and true goals of the state?" With the help of the state, what is needed, dear, valuable to all people is realized.The state itself is an all-encompassing form of solidarity between people, and at the same time it leads to the creation and development of the most complete and all-round forms of human solidarity. the formula in which the goals and objectives of the state are expressed "1. An all-encompassing form of human solidarity can only be the rule of law, the purpose of which is to protect the rights and; human freedoms, and the formation of such a state must | the efforts of the entire Russian society should be directed.

A goal achievement plan is a list of specific actions, clearly planned
goals with an indication of the time frame for its implementation.

Efficiency (coefficient useful action) Is an abbreviation of abbreviated words used in physics. But you can apply efficiency in achieving the goal, which will consist of the words: Control + Planning + Delegation (Action).

Goal achievement plan broken down into steps

1. Select target.
If the goal is realized in the near future, it is better to keep it in mind. If the goal will be fulfilled in a year, 5 years, then it is better to write it down in a notebook or on a PC.

Examples:
To buy weekend clothes from your salary - keep in mind.
If you plan to buy a summer cottage or a car next year, you record all actions in writing.

2. Come up with several options for achieving the goal as soon as possible.
Consult with friends, relatives, how best to fulfill your desire.

Example:
Save cash from each salary, take a loan, ask friends for a loan at a low interest rate, or wait for an inheritance.

3. Choose the most accessible way to achieve your goal.

Example:
Save money monthly and keep in the Bank. Limit yourself in everything, allow you to buy things, shoes only in the most extreme cases.

4. Break into steps.
Divide the required amount by the number of months that you would like to save at the Bank. Decide on the number of contributions to be made. Record each contribution in writing. Perhaps there will be a quarterly bonus, an annual one.

5. Track the accumulated amount once a month, i.e. the result of savings.

How to make a plan to achieve your goal

You have probably wondered more than once whether the word goal and the word dream have a difference. Of course they do. Goals always have plans that will come true on schedule. A dream remains for a long time a dream that can be forgotten or fulfilled in the last turn.

The word "kaizen" from Japanese means "change, improvement". This word was actively used in Japan in the year of economic recovery, which was called a phenomenon or "miracle of the economy." The methods of "kaizen" entrepreneurship have been carried over to our days as a technique of custom and self-organization.

The main meaning of the art of "kaizen" the greatest concreteness and clear constancy... All planned prosaic (routine cleaning in the apartment) or global (financial, labor, life) should be broken down in steps.

Mindfulness is the second significant feature. It is important to motivate your actions on a daily basis, to slow down from unnecessary spending, to record every step towards achieving the goal.

At the heart of the kaizen technique there are guiding tasks that you regularly ask yourself after spending no more than half a minute. It doesn't matter how large they are: symbolic or large.

Examples:
"What to buy for dinner so as not to gain weight?" "What can I do to build a good relationship in the family?"

It turns out that with big questions you outline the direction of the correct movement. Small - to work on a specific goal.

I advise you to test the actions of the kaizen technique on yourself, mastering this art first on small but precise questions:

1. Concreteness. Define concise tasks while working towards a specific goal;
2. Reality... Formulate the task in such a way that it stimulates and propels you to action.
3. Subsequence... Don't move on to the second question until you've figured out the first.
4. Regularity... Ask a question every day. If you forget about the kaizen technique, about the missed day, ask this number of questions: in the morning, in the afternoon or in the evening to restore balance.

Practical advice: "Kaizen is a tried and tested method of organizing thinking to achieve goals."

1. Write your question on a piece of paper.
Ask this question every day at a specific hour until you get an answer.

2. After some thought, write down your answer.
Many options appear throughout the day, write it down.

It should be remembered that the brain works constantly, even when not thinking about this question. At the moment of rest, sleep, creative inspired forces are released.

3. A revision of the target is required.
Is your question relevant at the present time?

1. Self-development. What should you read today to learn new in the field of science?
2. Job. What actions need to be taken to speed up the work started?
3. Raising your mood. Maybe go to a hairdresser, change your image or buy shoes?
4. Health. What kind of sport to do to please the bride?
5. Attitude towards employees. What can you buy for a tea party so that everyone will like it?

At what age do children design the future

Children of three, four and five years of age were selected for testing, under the guidance of psychologists Cristina Atance, Andrew Meltzoff.

1. To reveal the ability to imagine a hike (in the forest), three items were offered to the mountains: a cup, lunch, a hairbrush. But you could only take one item. Children 4 and 5 years old have chosen - lunch.

In the conclusion, it was found that it is difficult for them to imagine the situation, it all depends on their physiological state.

2. The second test: preschoolers were divided into equal 2 parts. The first category children were given cookies, after which they became thirsty. Category 2 cookies were not offered.

After a while, the guys were united in a general group and offered water and biscuits to choose from. The “well-fed” children chose water, and the “hungry” children chose cookies.

Then the preschoolers were asked the question: "Who would prefer to choose water or cookies for tomorrow?"

It turned out that children who ate cookies and experienced feelings of thirst did not want confectionery products. The second part of the children chose baked goods - cookies.

Researchers, with their discovery, proved that the environment affects the development of the ability to think over time in children.

3. In Atlanta, University experts conducted research: the impact of healthy foods in infancy. Children were also divided into equal categories.

At the age of 32, the participants were tested for intelligence.

It became obvious that children who were fed porridge up to two years old have better contemplation and cognitive skills than other children who did not eat porridge in early childhood, or who used it in another period of life..

Parents, teachers, take into account the research findings of psychologists that will help develop children's mental time travel abilities that can develop in parallel with other skills..

Possible plan for achieving a goal in life

1. Planned over the years, life contains more meaningful deeds and events.

Example:
Are you on " hastily»Are going to have a rest. Throwing things into the bag and off you go. And if everything was folded neatly, it would have come in more. So is your life.

2. Make a plan to achieve the goal, reasonable, inspiring.
A small plan won't inspire you. And the big one - it is better to break it down into goals, break it up into steps.

3. Freedom to create.
The drawn up plan can be adjusted, supplemented if necessary.

4. Satisfaction in being.
The implementation of a grandiose plan, and even ahead of schedule, gives impetus to life.

5. Plan every day.
In the evening, plan the next day's business and be sure to do it.

Making a regular plan to achieve your goal is the goal of your life path. With the help of intrinsic motivation, be sure to achieve the intended goal. You just need to really want and everything will work out.