What is sgs in Russian. Predicate

Grammatical basis sentences in Russian are represented by two members of the sentence - the subject and the predicate. The latter can take several forms, but the most common of them is the verb. Most often it is simple and consistent with the subject in person, number, and in the past tense - and gender. But there is also such a category of predicate as compound. It can be a compound verb (CGS) and a compound nominal (SIS). Today we will talk about the first case.

Construction of a compound verb predicate

Its composition is simple: it is an auxiliary or modal verb, consistent with the subject, and the main verb in the infinitive. Sometimes, instead of a simple bundle, there can be a composite one, and we will also talk about this.

A link in the SGS can be:

phase;
modal.

The phase value of the ligament determines the moment of the action, and the modal value determines the relation to the action. They do not carry an independent lexical load. For a better understanding, you can give a table with examples of sentences with a compound verb predicate:

Meaning	Verb	Example
Phase	become	At the age of 18 I will start working.
	begin	He began to read.
	to take	She began to write a letter.
	proceed	They continued to build a house.
	to stop	Will you ever stop screaming?
	to stop	I stopped singing.
Modal	be able to	The mouse can dig holes.
	be able	The patient can get up.
	to want	I want to eat.
	want	The tsar wants to eat!
	try	We will try to rent the house on time.
	mean	He intended to see it through to the end.
	dare	How dare you contradict me?
	refuse	The detainee refuses to testify.
	think	We are thinking of adding a veranda to the house.
	prefer	I prefer not to mess with officials.
	get used to	Oblomov is used to lying on the couch.
	be in love	Mom loves to sort out the knickknacks in the dresser.
	hate	I hate being on duty at night!
	beware	He was wary of looking there again.

This is an incomplete list possible options SGS. It can consist of more than two words. So, this category of predicates also includes constructions where the role of a ligament is played by a combination of a verb to be with short adjectives and adverbs that characterize the modality.

Examples of such sentences:

Differences from a compound nominal predicate

It can be unambiguously distinguished from a composite nominal (SIS). It is quite simple to define it - after the link it contains not an infinitive, but an adjective. But the rest of the complex predicates are tricky. There are seemingly similar cases when in fact there is no GHS in the proposal. They can be categorized as follows:

phraseological units;
goal setting;
different subjectivity;
analytical future.

Here are some similar cases.

Predicate-word-combination

And he does not eat, and his nerves are exhausted.
I can't wait for a normal winter.
He went it was to the store, but it turned out to be closed.

This is a special case of a simple predicate (PGS).

Collocation with goal setting

This includes cases where the question "why?" Can be asked between the conjugated verb and the infinitive. or insert the union "to":

The infinitive in such sentences is a complement, since the predicate has a fully-fledged lexical meaning.

Verbs related to different subjects

In such cases, the action indicated by the infinitive will not be performed by the same person to whom the conjugated verb refers. If you wish, you can even remove it, and the meaning of the sentence will not be lost:

The teacher asked the student to complete the assignment on the board.- The teacher asked the student to doOn the deskexercise.
The director demanded to call me to his place.- The director asked me to come to him.

Analytical future tense

The case is strange, but nevertheless it really does not apply to the SGS. The verb to be has lost all modal and phase meaning, remaining only a grammatical indicator of the future tense.

I will love you.
Our descendants will remember us.

Quick reference

Difficult future tense in the Russian language was not always, as in other related languages. Most often in the Old Russian language, a conditional mood was used to express an indefinite future, and then expressions with modal verbs want, be, have, and each of them long time did not lose its modality. In the end, the verb won the race to be, and it happened closer to the XVIII century.

Replace underlined words with the gerunds (or the former gerunds) with not.

Answered confidently -
Did straightaway -
Walked So slow -
Walked Without stops -
Lay very quiet -
Spoke, indignant -
Spoke constantly, without interruption -
The rain lashed the windows very much-
Words for inquiries: (not) hurrying, (not) hurrying, (not) thinking, (not) hesitating, (not) thinking, (not) moving, (not) moving, (not) moving, (not) being silent, ( do not stop.

3. In which example should you not isolate a single definition?

A. Invisible you were already nice to me.
B. Over the blue seas, forgotten, he was extinguished alone.
C. The poplar that has flown around is silvery and light.
G. The poor woman is crying tirelessly.
4. Indicate in which sentences punctuation errors were made when isolating definitions.
A. Summer rain abundant, warm gave moisture to the earth.
B. Saturated clouds were crawling over the old city.
Q. One day I walked full of meditation along a high road.
G. Lagging behind, ice floes hit the side of the steamer.
D. To whom did you leave me, the old one?
5. Find in which sentences the application should be isolated.
A. He is known as the commander of the construction team.
B. It was the sailor Zhukhrai.
V. The pilot, a simple blond guy, nodded his head and smiled.
G. January has come, the month of hard frosts.
D. We decided to go with him to the south - a place of warmth and contentment.
E. My friend Savely Nikolaevich always understood me perfectly.

REFERENCE BLOCK

1. Select The right way actions.

The sister will work in another city.

1 way. We find a word that expresses predicativity - it will, the content of the action is not clear to us. We find a word that expresses the content of the action - work, this is a verb in the infinitive. The predicate in this sentence consists of an infinitive and an auxiliary verb, which corresponds to the CGS model. So this is the SGS.

Method 2. We find the word (words) expressing the predicativeness and content of the action, in our sentence these are different words - it will work. In order not to be mistaken in determining the type of predicate, we change the predicativeness: it works, it would work, it would work. Here, both predicativity and the content of the action are expressed in one word - this is ASG, which means it will work - ASG.

2. Indicate phrases that can be a compound nominal predicate in a sentence.

1) I'll come tomorrow;

2) I will be a guest;

3) started thinking;

4) was brooding;

5) we have;

6) it becomes clear;

7) appeared in the morning;

8) was the result.

3. Who and the guys correctly identified the predicate and its type?

4. From these pairs, indicate those that can become a grammatical basis in the sentence.

1) I showed;

2) it seemed to me;

3) help them;

4) came for us;

5) they have arrived;

6) he failed;

7) you feel like it.

EXECUTIVE UNIT

1. ! Highlight the grammatical foundations of the sentences.

1) The pond was surrounded by a garden. - The garden was decorated with a pond.

2) The branches of the trees are covered with fluffy frost. - The branches of the trees are covered with fluffy frost.

2.! Highlight grammar basics. What is the difference between the sentences in the right column? Give your examples of similar sentences .

3. Find the third "extra". On what basis did you find an extra word?

1) Lady, checked in luggage.

2) Light, radiates, it.

3) Holds, letter, he.

4. ! Write down the grammatical foundations of sentences, distributing them into three groups: 1) with ASG, 2) with SGS, 3) with SIS.

1) The donkey has a donkey's tail.

2) Out of boredom, the girl began to invent different stories.

3) The ugly duckling became a wonderful swan.

4) The puppy started to run after its own tail merrily.

5) May there always be sunshine!

6) Mom returned from the trip tired.

5. Is the grammatical basis correctly identified and the type of predicate determined? Substantiate your opinion.

What should a student know to avoid such mistakes?

Try to suggest your own way of determining the types of predicate .

6.! Make up your sentences, in which the word "be" will be 1) ASG, 2) a bunch in the ICU.

7. Is it true that in these sentences all predicates are simple verbs? Substantiate your opinion.

1) His eyes shone with a quiet brilliance.

2) These days we will remember someday.

3) Some ancient king fell into a terrible doubt.

8. Do you agree with this statement: predicate = verb? Will this proposal help you in substantiating your opinion?

It was getting harder and harder to walk.

9. Are there any errors in this reasoning? If so, what are they caused by? Suggest your version of reasoning.

It will be cold, will be on duty.

10. Using this "plan" of action, find errors in the selection of the grammatical basis.

11. What is interesting in the sense of expressing the predicate sentence

I stood on the first stump that came across and began to change shoes?

12. Find the third "extra". Substantiate your opinion.

2). He knows how to draw, he was short, let him tell you.

3). It turned out to be a neighbor, seemed to be an island, flew down the tail of the dog.

13. * Make sentences in which these phrases would act as a subject. What danger lies in wait for you in this assignment?

A flock of birds, most of the guys, my sister and I, a cupboard, knowledge and experience.

fourteen. ! Agree on subject and predicate.

1) A lot of young people came ... to the dance evening.

2) A mother with a baby sat down ... by the window.

3) The remaining ten notebooks were ... hidden ... in the closet.

4) About fifteen geologists were ... sent ... to the mountains.

15. Why are the subject and predicate agreed differently in the sentences below?

1) The table and chairs were moved to another room.

2) The bookcase was moved to the window.

16. L Find errors (if any) in the agreement of the subject and predicate. Substantiate your opinion.

1) There are only a few minutes left before the call to the lesson.

2) These two hours passed unnoticed.

3) No one, not even the most capable students, could answer this question.

4) My friend and I decided to check our guess ourselves.

17.! Rearrange the sentence by making the appeal subject and vice versa.

1) Attendants, ventilate the class.

2) The elders will look after the younger ones today.

18. * Using these sentences, make up the tasks: "Check the correctness of the definition of the type of predicate (highlighting the grammatical basis). If you find errors, correct them."

1) Low and narrow room was without windows.

2) In a fairy tale, good always triumphs over evil.

3) My grandfather and I decided to go fishing.

4) Ivan Petrovich was tall.

5) I didn't learn my lesson and got into a puddle.

6) Fifth graders came to the finish line first.

7) The teacher advised us to use the model.

DIAGNOSTIC UNIT

1. ! Distribute the predictable data into three groups: ASG, SGS, SIS. What can make it difficult to complete this task?

We win, we will study, let's sing, we would have time, beat the thumbs up, lost my head.

2.! Highlight the grammatical base and determine the type of predicate.

1) By evening, the storm began to subside.

2) I advise you to take an umbrella.

3) Wizards can fulfill any wishes.

4) The evening promised to be warm.

5) I invited him to come and dine with me.

3. * Come up with your task with a "trap" to determine the types of predicates.

4. Pupils of the fifth grade suggested this way of drawing up a task with a "trap":

1) Find a group of words (sentences, phrases) that, by their external characteristics, can be attributed to the same model, but they work according to different models.

2) Come up with a task with them to "catch" a comrade in a "trap".

Is it possible using this way, come up with a task with a "trap"? Suggest your way.

5. Prove that the task to determine the type of predicate in the sentence Sister will work in another city is a "trap". * Come up with your own "traps" like this. What other types of ASGs can serve as a "trap"? Why?

The didactic material uses separate tasks from the books:

G.G. Granik, L.A. Kontsevaya, S.M. Bondarenko, G.N. Vladimirskaya "Speech, language and secrets of punctuation"
T.Yu. Ugrovatova "Tips for every day"
"On the shores of Linguinia" ed. L. D. Chesnokova
A.T. Arsirius "Entertaining materials on the Russian language"
Russian language textbook. Grade 5. Ed. M.V. Panova

Predicate.

Predicate- this is main member a sentence that usually agrees with the subject (in number, in person or in gender) and has a meaning expressed in questions: what does the item do? what's going on with him? what is he like? what is he? who is he?

The predicate expresses the grammatical meaning of one of the moods (indicative mood - present, past, future tense; conditional mood, imperative mood).

Types of predicates:

Simple verb predicate. Compound verb predicate - SGS Composite nominal predicate - SIS

Simple verb predicate (ASG)

Ways of expressing a simple verbal predicate


1. A verb in the form of any mood	A gloomy morning comes. A gloomy morning came. Sergei will enter the drama school. He would gladly go to the country. Write down your homework.
2. Independent infinitive	To live is to serve the motherland.
3. Interjection verb forms (truncated forms of the verb type bam, grab, jump)	Each friend here is quietly confusing a friend.
4. Phraseological turnover with the main word - a verb in the conjugated form	The team won the championship. He's driving the bum again.
5. Conjugated verb + modal particle ( yes, let it, let it go, come on, come on, it was as if, as if, as if, as if, exactly, hardly, almost, just and etc.)	Let me go with you. Let him go with his father. May you have sweet dreams. He started to walk to the door, but suddenly stopped. The room smelled like smoke. He seemed to be dumbfounded with fright. He nearly died of grief. He just wasn't tumbling, trying to make the audience laugh. He almost went crazy with joy.

Compound predicates.

Compound verb predicate

Compound predicates are predicates in which the lexical meaning and grammatical meaning (tense and mood) are expressed in different words. Lexical meaning is expressed in the main part, and grammatical meaning (time and mood) - in the auxiliary part.

Wed: He sang(ASG). - He started to sing(SGS); He was ill for two months(ASG). - He was ill for two months(SIS).

A compound verbal predicate (GHS) consists of two parts:

a) the auxiliary part (the verb in the conjugated form) expresses the grammatical meaning (tense and mood);
b) the main part ( indefinite form verb - infinitive) expresses the lexical meaning.

SGS = auxiliary verb + infinitive. For example: I started to sing; I want to sing; I'm afraid to sing.

However, not every combination of a conjugated verb with an infinitive is a compound verb predicate! In order for such a combination to be a compound verb predicate, two conditions must be met:

An auxiliary verb must be lexically incomplete, that is, it alone (without the infinitive) is not enough to understand what the sentence is about.

Wed: I amstarted- what to do?; I amwant- what to do?.

If in the combination "verb + infinitive" the verb is significant, then it alone is a simple verbal predicate, and the infinitive is a minor member of the sentence.

Wed: Shesat down(for what purpose?) relax.

The action of the infinitive must refer to the subject (this is the subjective infinitive). If the action of the infinitive refers to another member of the sentence (object infinitive), then the infinitive is not part of the predicate, but is a minor member.

Wed:
1. I want to sing. I want to sing- compound verb predicate ( I want, sing will – I am).
2. I asked her to sing. Requested- simple verb predicate, sing- addition ( asked - I, sing will - she).

Auxiliary verb meanings

Meaning	Typical verbs and phraseological units
1. Phase (beginning, continuation, end of action)	Start, become, start, continue, end, stay, stop, quit, stop and etc.	He began to prepare for his departure. He continued to prepare for his departure. He gave up smoking. He again began to talk about the hardships of rural life.
2. Modal meaning(necessity, desirability, ability, predisposition, emotional assessment of the action, etc.)	To be able, to be able, to desire, to want, to dream, to intend, to refuse, to try, to try, to count, to be able, to contrive, to try, to assume, to get used to, to hurry, to be shy, to endure, to love, to hate, to be afraid, to be afraid, to coward, to be ashamed, to set a goal , burn with desire, have honor, have intention, make a promise, have a habit and etc.	I can sing. I want to sing. I'm afraid to sing. I like singing. I'm ashamed to sing. I look forward to singing this aria.

Compound nominal predicate

Compound nominal predicate (SIS)consists of two parts:

a) the auxiliary part - a bunch (a verb in a conjugated form) expresses the grammatical meaning (tense and mood);
b) the main part - the nominal part (name, adverb) expresses the lexical meaning.

SIS = bunch + nominal part

For example: Hewas a doctor; Hebecame a doctor; Hewas ill; Hewas sick; Hewas injured; Hecame first.

Types of linking verbs

Link type by value	Typical verbs	Examples of
1 . Grammatical link - expresses only grammatical meaning (tense, mood), has no lexical meaning.	Verbs be, be... In the present tense, the ligament to be usually stands in zero form ("zero ligament"): the absence of a ligament indicates the present indicative mood.	Hewas a doctor. Hewill be a doctor. Hedoctor. Hewas sick. Hewill be sick. Hesick. Heis sick. Lyricsthere isthe highestmanifestationart.
2 . Semi-cognitive ligament - not only expresses the grammatical meaning, but also introduces additional shades into the lexical meaning of the predicate, but cannot be an independent predicate (in that sense).	a) the emergence or development of a sign: become, become, become, become; b) preservation of the feature: to stay; c) manifestation, detection of a sign: to be, to be; d) assessment of the feature from the point of view of reality: seem, seem, introduce, reckon, be famous; e) the name of the feature: be called, be called, honored.	Hebecame sick. Hestayed sick. Heused to be sickevery fall. Heturned out to be sick. Heconsidered sick. Heseemed sick. Heis sick. Hehad a reputation for sick. Theircalled sick.
3. A significant link is a verb with full lexical meaning (one can act as a predicate).	a) Verbs of position in space: sit, lie, stand; b) verbs of movement: go, come, come back, wander; c) state verbs: live, work, be born, die.	Shesat tired. Hegone angry. Hereturned upset. Helived as a hermit. Heborn happy. Hedied a hero.

Verb to be can act as an independent simple verb predicate in sentences with the meaning of being or possession:

HimIt wasthree sons; HimIt wasmuch money.

Verbs become, becomes, become etc. can also be independent simple verb predicates, but in a different meaning:

Heended updowntown; Hebecamenear the wall.

The most difficult to analyze are compound nominal predicates with a significant linkage, because usually such verbs are independent predicates (cf. Hesatnear the window). If the verb becomes a bundle, then its meaning turns out to be less important than the meaning of the name associated with the verb ( Hesat tired; more important is that he was tired, not what he sat and not stood or lay).

For the combination "significant verb + name" to be a compound nominal predicate, the following conditions must be met:

a significant verb can be replaced by a grammatical link to be:

He sat tired- He was tired; He was born happy- He was happy; He came the first- He was the first;

the bundle can be made zero:

He sat tired - He tired ; He born happy - He happy ; He came first - He first .

If the verb has with it dependent forms full adjective, participle, ordinal (answers the question which?), then it is always a compound nominal predicate ( sat tired, left upset, came first). The parts of such a compound nominal predicate are not separated by commas!

Methods of expressing the nominal part

The form	Examples of
1. Noun
1.1. Noun in the nominative or instrumental case	He is minebrother. Hewasmybrother.
1.2. Indirect noun with or without a preposition	Navigatorwas in oblivion. I AMpenniless. This house -Meshkova.
1.3. A whole phrase with the main word - a noun in the genitive case (with the meaning of a qualitative assessment)	Son-in-lawwas a silent breed. This girltall.
2. Adjective name
2.1. Short adjective	Hemerry. Hebecame cheerful.
2.2. Complete adjective in the nominative or instrumental case	Hehappy. Hebecame cheerful.
2.3. Comparative or superlative adjective	Here is the sound of musicwere louder. Youthe best.
3. Communion
3.1. Short participle	Heinjured. Glasswere broken.
3.2. Full participles in the nominative or instrumental	Glasswere broken. Glasswere broken.
4. Pronoun or whole phrase with the main word pronoun	All fish -yours. itsomething new.
5. Numeral in the nominative or instrumental case	Their hut -thirdon the edge. Their hutwas thirdon the edge.
6. Adverb	I AMwas on my guard. His daughtermarriedfor my brother.

Note!

1) Even if a predicate consists of one word - a name or an adverb (with a zero link), it is always a compound nominal predicate;

2) short adjectives and participles are always part of a compound nominal predicate;

3) nominative and instrumental cases - the main case forms of the predicate nominal part;

4) the nominal part of the predicate can be expressed by an integral phrase in the same cases as the subject.

Compound predicates are predicates in which the lexical meaning and grammatical meaning (tense and mood) are expressed in different words. The lexical meaning is expressed in the main part, and the grammatical meaning (tense and mood) - in the auxiliary part.

Wed: He sang(ASG). - He started to sing(SGS); He was ill for two months(ASG). - He was ill for two months(SIS).

Compound verbal predicate (SGS) consists of two parts:

a) auxiliary part(conjugated verb) expresses grammatical meaning (tense and mood);
b) main part(indefinite form of the verb - infinitive) expresses the lexical meaning.

SGS = auxiliary verb + infinitive

For example: I started to sing; I want to sing ; I'm afraid to sing.

However, not every combination of a conjugated verb with an infinitive is a compound verb predicate! In order for such a combination to be a compound verb predicate, two conditions must be met:

An auxiliary verb must be lexically incomplete, that is, it alone (without the infinitive) is not enough to understand what the sentence is about.

Wed: I started- what to do?; I want- what to do?.

If in the combination "verb + infinitive" the verb is significant, then it alone is a simple verbal predicate, and the infinitive is a minor member of the sentence.

Wed: She sat down (for what purpose?) relax .

Wed:
1. I want to sing . I want to sing- compound verb predicate (I want - I, to sing will- I am ).
2. I asked her to sing. Requested- simple verb predicate, sing- addition (asked - I, will sing - she).

Auxiliary verb meanings

Meaning	Typical verbs and phraseological units	Examples of
1. Phase (beginning, continuation, end of action)	Start, become, start, continue, end, stay, stop, quit, stop and etc.	He began to prepare for his departure. He continued to prepare to departure. He gave up smoking . He again started to talk about the hardships of rural life.
2. Modal meaning (necessity, desirability, ability, predisposition, emotional assessment of the action, etc.)	To be able, to be able, to desire, to want, to dream, to intend, to refuse, to try, to try, to count, to be able, to contrive, to try, to assume, to get used to, to hurry, to be shy, to endure, to love, to hate, to be afraid, to be afraid, to coward, to be ashamed, to set a goal , burn with desire, have honor, have intention, make a promise, have a habit and etc.	I can sing . I want to sing . I'm afraid to sing. I like singing . I'm ashamed to sing. I AM I look forward to singing this aria.

Parsing plan for compound verb predicate

Specify the type of predicate.
Indicate how the main part is expressed (subjective infinitive); what is the meaning of the auxiliary part (phase, modal) and what form of the verb it is expressed.

Sample parsing

The old man began to chew again.

Started to chew- compound verb predicate. Main part ( chew) is expressed by the subjective infinitive. The auxiliary part ( started up) has a phase meaning and is expressed by a verb in the past tense of the indicative mood.