What does the letter e look like? The letter e in Russian

Word hunting

The unique letter of the Russian alphabet, more precisely, the Russian alphabet, although domestic linguists do not favor it, assign it rather a subsidiary position. Actually, I got the impression that all the unique features of the Russian language are leveled out, not noticed, and this sound and this letter are outcasts.

Another great Vladimir Dal noted that E is a vowel, the 31st letter; there is no such letter in the Church Slavonic language; this is the same as E, but it is pronounced unanimously (never ie), like the German ae, and is written only at the beginning of a word, more in other people's words; in the middle, perhaps merged with prepositions: so much and I will give; this will be; to examine, etc. || Exclamation: eh! expresses astonishment or distrust, doubt. Eh, it's full, is it! Oh, fool, unpasted speech!

As you can see, by the time of Dahl, the letter E was decently emasculated, leaving it the opportunity to start a not very large group of words and represent some foreign words.

And she also plays the role of exclamations. Some are given by Dahl. And we meet another striking example in Gogol's The Government Inspector, when Bobchinsky and Dobchinsky report that they have met a person who looks like an auditor. Remember?

The phrase became winged: “Eh! we said with Pyotr Ivanovich.

"Eh!" I say to Pyotr Ivanovich ... - (Bobch.)
“No, Pyotr Ivanovich, it was I who said “Eh!” - (Add.)
"At first you said, and then I said. E! Pyotr Ivanovich and I said"

I was prompted to pay attention to this letter by the phrase EOLOV'S HARP, repeatedly sung by poets. Vasily Zhukovsky wrote the ballad "Eolian harp" about the poor singer Arminia, who fell passionately in love with Minvana, the daughter of the almighty king Ordal. The enraged lord, having learned about this, expelled the singer from his native country. Arminius, being in exile and deeply suffering both for his beloved and for his homeland, hung a harp on an oak tree so that the Aeolian wind, touching its strings, would give his beloved news of his beloved.

And suddenly... out of silence
A lingering thoughtful ringing went up;
And quieter breath
Playing in the leaves of coolness was he.
Her heart was troubled:
Hello friend!
It's done, it's done!
The earth is empty, and there is no sweetheart.

Since I remembered Zhukovsky's ballad, I will note one feature that literary critics and historians do not notice or do not want to notice.

The ballad was created not on Russian soil, not on Russian folklore, but the names of the characters speak of a forgotten history. Arminium - can be correlated with in German words arm "poor", Arm "hand" (one who earns his living by manual labor), Armut - "poverty, need", with the French armee "army" (the word remembers that initially the army was formed at the expense of the poorest, who have nothing but hands).

The name of the daughter of King Minwan is apparently given by the German comparative adjective minder "smaller, smallest" or by mindest "minimal". That is, this name reflects her position in the family. From Zhukovsky we read: “Young Minvan with Beauty lit up parental home". That is, Zhukovsky uses a hidden tautology: poor Arminius, young Minvana; adjective essentially reveals the meaning of the name.

If so, then the name of the king Ordal should be revealed in the same way - "mighty Ordal." Indeed, the horde is a powerful regular army that was busy expanding the borders great empire, whose possessions extended to all the continents discovered by that time.

The king, as it appears from the ballad, was engaged in one thing -
And in friendly conversations
Loved Ordal's stories over a glass
About ancient victories
And gazed at the armor of the fathers:
Chased their armor
In deep scars;
Their swords are jagged;
Their shields and helmets were beaten in battles.

King Ordal himself no longer fought, his destiny is hunting and fun, because he is the lord of Morvena. It seems to me that this gigantic country is a territory surrounded on all sides by seas-oceans, where the sun never sets.

It seems that Vasily Zhukovsky, brought up on Western culture, nevertheless felt the attraction of the past greatness of Russia, which tried to unite the whole world under the hand of the Russian tsar. I felt it, but I didn't realize it. But this is by the way.

Our conversation about the unique letter e. There are only three letters in the Russian alphabet, which are written clockwise: from the left up, then in a circle down and up again. E is among them, and all elements are written clockwise. I think this is one of the indicators of antiquity, originality, besides, the letter clearly shows what the organ where this sound is produced looks like: it's an open mouth with a tongue inside.

In linguistics, there is such a thing - articulation, the ability to clearly, clearly, articulately pronounce. This word is derived from the Latin articulatio< articulare «расчленять, членораздельно, ясно произносить». Я считаю, что это определение появилось после раскола империи
The articulatory characteristic of vowels includes the following features: rise, row, labialization / non-labialization (rounded / not rounded).
Elevation - the vertical movement of the tongue and the corresponding degree of elevation of the tongue to the palate. Vowels are tone sounds that differ in tone quality. The difference in tone quality is achieved by changing the configuration of the resonator with tongue movements. The tongue can move forward and backward, up and down. Vowels that are formed without upward movement of the tongue are called low vowels ([a]); vowels formed by the upward movement of the tongue are called middle vowels ([e], [o]) and high vowels ([i], [s], [y]).
A row is the movement of the tongue horizontally and the corresponding degree of advancement of the tongue forward or its pull back. Vowels that are formed without moving the tongue forward or backward are called middle vowels ([s], [a]); moving the tongue forward creates front vowels ([i], [e]), moving backward creates back vowels ([y], [o]).
Labialization; vanity - roundness of the lips when pronouncing vowel sounds. According to the difference in the work of the lips during the formation of vowels, all vowel sounds are divided into 2 groups: vowels, in the formation of which the lips are extended forward and rounded, and vowels, formed without stretching and rounding the lips. Vowels [o] and [y] are labialized; bathrooms (from Latin labialis - labial), since lips take part in their formation; the rest of the sounds - [a], [i], [s], [e] - are non-labialized.
The pronunciation of vowel sounds is based on the phonetic law of modern Russian literary language- reduction of vowels. Due to the dynamic nature of Russian stress, the pronunciation energy between syllables is unevenly distributed. A vowel sound in a strong position (under stress) is pronounced clearly, while in weak position(without stress) it is articulated less distinctly, that is, it reduces.

I brought this small educational program on the phonetics of the Russian language in order to make it clearer what place the vowel E occupies. In my opinion, in the past it was used much more often, but under the influence of court etiquette with its requirements to distort Russian speech, speak German or French , the letter began to be withdrawn from circulation.

Without this educational program, I would have definitely suspected that a and e are twin sounds, but I realized that such a statement had sinned against the truth. They are formed similarly, but it's still different sounds. Turn around in front of the mirror, look at the position of the teeth, tongue, lips when pronouncing various sounds, especially vowels, that is, voice. At the sound a, the mouth is open wide, but the tongue is pressed down. With e, the mouth is slightly covered, and the tongue rises. With e - the lips are stretched in breadth, the teeth are drawn together, and the tongue, without touching either the top or the bottom, is pulled up to the teeth, but does not touch them.

It is not clear to me why the e was turned upside down, because it more visually conveys how this sound is formed in the mouth, in what position the tongue is. There are 33 letters in the Ukrainian language, but ёъ ыэ is not used, but there is a mirror reflection of our e, which almost coincides with the sign of the euro, the currency of the European Union.

In the West, they paid attention to our E, their currency in the European Union was designated as a mirror image of our letter, but with two tails €.

By the way, the euro sign is written counterclockwise, according to the same principle, in geography lessons, schoolchildren show countries bordering their homeland, and in geometry lessons they mark the corners of triangles, squares and polygons. There is, for example, a famous engraving allegedly of the 16th century, where Ptolemy in the medieval royal crown and Astronomy. Ptolemy holds in his hand a sector with celestial coordinates. The numbers on the sectors are counterclockwise. This became possible after the split of the world empire, which finally took shape at the beginning of the 17th century during the Thirty Years' War. This means that the engraving reflects not antiquity, but recent times.

Before the split of the great empire, the imperial science, cartography, astronomy, astrology used the rules of the clock hand, or according to the sun. Today, for example, the clock hands and the sun move in different sides. This became possible when the globes and maps were ridden to the north. In imperial science, the top was the day, the sun, the south. The mass of words and terms in Russian and Western languages confirm this. And the letter E indicates the facts of the story that we were made to forget.

E, e (called: e or e reverse) is the 31st letter of the Russian and the 30th letter of the Belarusian Cyrillic alphabets; in other Cyrillic Slavic alphabets now not used (in the Ukrainian pair E / E corresponds to the pair E / Є).

It is also used in a number of alphabets of non-Slavic languages. It is believed that this is a borrowed Glagolitic form of the letter "E" (is), which has an appearance and with the help of which a non-otated sound is indicated.

The sign E in Cyrillic has been used almost since the 14th century. So, it comes across many times in the Poznan manuscript collection (excluding later last pages), written off at the end of the 16th century. (in words such as "knight", "caesar", etc.).

You can also find it in the Moscow edition of Smotrytsky's grammar of 1648: ethmology, besides, they made a special letter for E, and did not turn the existing one upside down. Officially, the letter E was included in the alphabet in 1708 during the development of the civil font, where it inherited the place between Ѣ and Yu, which in the educational Church Slavonic alphabets was sometimes placed on the modification Є of the letter E, which, as a rule, had an absolutely opposite sound meaning.

The signs E and Є in the Serbian variation of the civil alphabet were interchangeable (at first they used E more often, then Є) and denoted an ioted sound; from the middle of the 19th century both were abolished by the alphabet reform of Vuk Karadzic.

The letter "e" in Russian writing

In modern Russian writing, the letter E denotes the non-otated vowel sound [e], as well as [ɛ]. It is used in writing a few native Russian words: this, that way (s), this, ek (s), evon, eva, commercials (s), eh, ehe-he, hey, ehma, ege-ge, ege. The main purpose of the letter E is to use at the beginning of words and after vowels in borrowing words: duel, euthanasia, aed, eclair, Boethius (nevertheless, after the vowels I and E, E is always written, and only in rare exceptions - E, like Gliere or Marietta).

Writing through E is rare after consonants: according to the rules of 1956, these are only the words peer, sir, mayor (they were written with E until the beginning of the 20th century) and proper names; later this list was supplemented by the master to distinguish it from the meter. The 2006 edition of the rules in the list of main roots with the letter E after the consonants includes 3 more: racket, plein air, rap. However, in practice, there are much more words that have after the consonants E, especially among the latest borrowings that have not yet fully mastered the Russian language.

Many of them have an E variant (hash/hash, tag/tag, cab/cab, etc.), while the spelling with E usually looks more foreign. Even with E they write the names of letters (be, ve, ge,<…>el, um, en ...) and words formed from abbreviations, like the KGB, GDR or petushnik.

The letter "e" after the consonants

In a number of cases, in the practice of transcribing foreign names and names, e is used after consonants, including:

Periodically, to convey the sound [æ] (eg, Blackpool) or the diphthong [ɛə] (eg, Delaware, Blair) - from English. lang.;

To convey the letter ă (for example, Bacau, Creangă) - from Romanians. lang.;

Distributed in the Palladium system (eg, Huang He) - from the whale. lang.

This word has a vowel already known to us [y]. You can already tell about him that this sound is a vowel. It is easy to pronounce, sing and speak without the participation of noise. And why did it happen that the sound [y] wanted to confuse us? It turns out that the vowel sounds of our language differ not only in name and pronunciation, but also in the power of pronunciation. Such sounds that are pronounced more strongly (the voice seems to hit them) are called percussion . Let's hit the voice with the sound [e] in the word emu and let's listen to him. say the word emu strumming the sound [e].

Sound [e]- vowel, easy to pronounce. During the pronunciation of the sound, the mouth parted, the lips stretched. This sound can be sung or shouted. No noise is heard. Here is the proof that it is vowel sound.

Which of you today will say that the lesson is about the letter of his name?

E Dick
E lvira
E mma
E lla
E dita

Continue the series of names yourself.

What fairytale heroes whose names start with a letter E and to the sound [e], can you name?

E lly, which goes to the Emerald City (Fig. 2).

Rice. 2. Girl Ellie ()

And in this city live magical uh lfs.

There are very few heroes, because the letter E there are few words in our language.

Now let's learn to recognize the sound [e] in words. To do this, imagine that we are going to uh excursion, and uh the guide will be the sound [e]. Those who listen uh the tour guide, call uh students. Together with you on uh excursion to uh animals will go to the train. If we hear a sound [e] in the name of the animal, we allow landing in uh electric train. No sound [e]- we do not plant. Say aloud the names of animals and determine the presence of a sound [e].

Medv e d. Sound is heard [e] in the middle of a word (Fig. 3).

Fox (Fig. 4). No sound [e].

Giraffe (Fig. 5). No sound [e].

L e c (Fig. 6). Sound is heard [e] in the middle of a word.

Rice. 6. Lion and cubs ()

W e sconce (Fig. 7). Sound is heard [e] in the middle of a word.

Camel (Fig. 8). No sound [e].

Ol e n (Fig. 9). Sound is heard [e] in the middle of a word.

Chimpanzee e(Fig. 10). Sound [e] heard at the end of a word.

Rice. 10. Chimpanzee ()

E mu. Sound [e] at the beginning of a word.

Sound [e] in words it is more common in the middle of a word, but at the beginning and end it is much less common.

Let's go on a trip to the land of words. There we will learn words that begin with the letter E.

EVerest- the highest mountain in the world (Fig. 11). Two sounds are heard [e] in her name. This mountain has a second name - Chomolungma, which means "goddess, mother of the earth" .

It is almost a hundred meters tall:

It's hard to get on it!

He was from Australia

It was once brought to us.

He has one job

Swamp draining.

This is the tallest tree eucalyptus(Fig. 12). Sound [e] only at the beginning of a word.

Rice. 12. Eucalyptus tree ()

Eeiffel tower- the most recognizable symbol of Paris, one of the tallest buildings in the world. Sound [e] at the beginning of a word (Fig. 13).

Rice. 13. Eiffel Tower ()

This is a big ladder

But the steps go by themselves.

And they all roll fast

Up and down, down and up.

What's the ladder guys?

It's just an escalator.

Word escalator sounds like a word excavator. They even start the same way E but do not confuse these words. is a machine that digs the ground (Fig. 14).

E kskavator - crane brother.

Turns up such blocks,

That, perhaps, a hundred shovels

They would not be able to overcome them.

Rice. 14. Excavator ()

Equator- a line on the globe that shows the middle of our planet and divides it into two parts - the northern hemisphere and the southern hemisphere.

Review the words you have learned. Say them out loud and count all the sounds [e]:

EVerest

Evcalyptus

Escalator

Excavator

Equator

Eeiffel tower

Got seven sounds [e].

All these words were long and difficult to pronounce. The thing is that they came to our language from other languages. But the ancient Russian words for E- short. And there are very few of them:

E that
E-ge-ge
E-hehe

To write down all these words, you need a letter E.

Printed large and small letters are similar and differ only in size (Fig. 15).

We will break O like a bagel -

The letter will be on the right side.

Add a nose on the face -

Here comes the letter E.

Rice. 15. Letter E ()

And now we will fantasize and imagine what the letter looks like E.

Letter E- big mouth

You can completely fall into it.

Letter E- no matter how you look -

You will see pincers and pincers.

A letter flies over the meadows in the blue E.

This swallow returns home in spring.

letter E easy to turn into a swallow, moon, Indian bow, human ear.

Do you want to know what the letter dreams of E? Read a fairy tale.

Letter E is unhappy

- Uh-uh, - the letter E grumbled, - they put me almost at the very end of the alphabet. - Ek, I was brought there! Oh, I would like to start, in the first place! Hey letters. Let me go ahead!

But the letters said:

- Stay where you are. And do not talk in vain with your long tongue. Does it matter where you stand? It's important to be helpful.

A.A. Shibaev

From this tale it is clear that the letter E is at the end of our alphabet.

To a letter E it’s better to remember, try to make it from some material (plasticine, ropes) or fold it from beads. Draw a funny picture. Make an exhibition of your work.

Read the letters:

1. aue, eua, ouae, aoe

2. aue, eua, ouae, aoe

A dash appeared above the letters in the second row - this accent mark. He says: "Highlight the sound with your voice when you read the letter, more strongly". Read the letters again, highlighting them with your voice.

Consider written letters E,uh. They differ from printed ones in that they are written with an inclination (Fig. 16).

Rice. 16. Printed and written letters uh ()

Let's try to capitalize E. There are two elements in this letter - the right semi-oval and a small horizontal stick, which is called the tongue of the letter E(Fig. 17).

Rice. 17. Capitalization E ()

Starting to capitalize E. From left to right, we write an oval line by touching an additional line; we lead the letter down, round it to the left by touching the bottom ruler; we tear off our hand and in the middle of the letter we write a horizontal line, we connect it with a semi-oval.

Try to write such a letter in the air. write it down reverse side hands on the palm.

Consider possible mistakes when capitalizing E: the semi-oval turned out to be very wide (round), the slope went the other way.

Practice writing the letter in your notebook yourself. Remember the correct position of the notebook. Hold the pen correctly.

Now consider how to write a small letter uh. The elements of a small letter are the same as those of a capital letter (Fig. 18).

Rice. 18. Writing a small letter uh ()

We begin to write below the top line of the working line. From left to right, we lead up to the working line, round by touching the top line of the working line, we lead down to the bottom line; round to the left, touching the bottom line of the working line. We tear off our hand and write a short horizontal line from left to right in the middle of the semi-oval.

Arrow direction.

Circle the letter in the air. Write the letter with the back of the pen on your palm. Try writing it in your notebook.

Possible spelling errors uh: very wide rounded semi-oval; the letter hangs in the air without touching the lines of the working line; wrong slope.

Combine both upper and lower case letters uh with other letters with the help of an additional straight line that is drawn up to the top line of the working line with the top connection, or slightly above the line of the top working line with the bottom connection. Connecting lines are assigned separately.

After this lesson, practice writing capital and lowercase letters. uh in notebooks. Just write so that they don’t say about you: "Writes like a chicken paw". So our ancestors spoke about those who write sloppy and very dirty.

Today at the lesson you got acquainted with the sound [e] and letter E. Did you know that the letter E- an infrequent guest in Russian words. The fact is that this letter is very young. It was introduced into our alphabet at PetreI. And here is the sound [e] other letters of our alphabet are highly respected, because it helps to name them. Say the names of the letters and listen to how they sound:

B- pronounced like [be] AT- pronounced like [ve] G- pronounced like [ge] D- pronounced like [de] L- pronounced like [el] M- pronounced like [uh] H- pronounced like [en]

And also the sound [e] and letter E very inquisitive. Do you know why? Because that's how the title of the book starts "Encyclopedia".

Encyclopedia- This is a reference book that will tell about everything in the world and answer all questions.

Another very interesting word begins with the letter E - "Eureka", which is translated from Greek means "found, discovered". Say this word more often.

Bibliography

Andrianova T.M., Ilyukhina V.A. Russian language 1. - M.: Astrel, 2011.
Buneev R.N., Buneeva E.V., Pronina O.V. Russian language 1. - M.: Ballas.
Agarkova N.G., Agarkov Yu.A. Textbook on teaching literacy and reading: ABC. Academic book / Textbook.

Skazochnyj-domik.ru ().
Liveinternet.ru ().
Nsportal.ru ().

Homework

Practice writing a letter E. Write your own block and capital letters uh(large and small).
Find words that have sound [e]. Count how many sounds [e] in every word.

Eskimo, mirror, eclair, duet, cream, energy, pedestrian.

Guess the riddle:

This letter digs holes

Echoes the shout stubbornly

And then on a stick

Chocolate ice melts.

(Answer: Letter E - excavator, echo, popsicle)

Description of the video lesson

In one small town there lived a little girl Lelya. Once Lyolya scattered her grandmother's box with magic letter beads. To collect these beads, Lelya needs to learn all the letters of the alphabet.
All letters from A to Z
This is a friendly family.
So that there is harmony in that family,
All of them need to be remembered.

Today Elf came to help Lela. He had a magic bead in his hands, he found it in a bell when he decided to wash himself.
Writing a letter
- Look, Lelya, this is the letter "E".
The letter E on C wonders
It's like looking in a mirror.
There is a resemblance for sure
Only there is no language!

See what the letter E looks like. Big letter E. Small letter E.

Sound and letter in a word.

The letters are all as a choice,
All 33 of them
You can find them in every word
Well, look.

Words starting with the letter E: excavator, popsicle, eucalyptus, screen, crew.
Letter E in the middle of words: high-rise building, figurine, airfield, duet.
The letter E at the end of the words: aloe, canoe, karate.

Sound Automation E.

Repeat the words.

This will be the letter E
Energetic enough:
Excavator, echelon,
Elevator, electronic.

Repeat the words one more time.

This will be the letter E
Energetic enough:
Excavator, echelon,
Elevator, electronic.

Puzzles. Finding the letter E.
Guess a riddle. Find where the letter E is hidden.

Buzzing, noisy and howling,
Digs the ground with a shovel.
PAUSE

EXCAVATOR (Letter E)

It is almost a hundred meters tall:
It's hard to get on it!
He was from Australia
It was once brought to us.
He has one job
Swamp draining.
PAUSE

Eucalyptus (Letter E)

Who's on the wire
Does every house come to us?
At night when it's dark
It illuminates the house.
PAUSE
ELECTRICITY (Letter E)

On one leg
In chocolate clothes.
PAUSE
ESKIMO (Letter E)

Sound Automation E.

Listen to short sentences.
Eskimos, Eskimos
Eskimo is eaten in cold weather
And for that the Eskimos
They are called Eskimos.

Eskimos, Eskimos
Eskimo is eaten in cold weather
And for that the Eskimos
They are called Eskimos.

Listen to another phrase.
Elves and echoes played hide and seek:

Let's try to repeat the tongue twister slowly.
Elves and echoes played hide and seek:
The echo hid, and the elves searched.
Oh, well, it was hard to find it!
Unless the elves can do it.

Let's try to repeat the tongue twister quickly.
Elves and echoes played hide and seek:
The echo hid, and the elves searched.
Oh, well, it was hard to find it!
Unless the elves can do it.

Definition of words with the letter E.

Listen to the story, find in which words the letter E is hidden.

Little elves live in flowers, you can say that they live on the upper floors. They love sports and love relay races. The winners receive a popsicle.
In the evening, fireflies light up electricity in the clearing, and elves arrange a concert on the flower stage. Poets perform and duets sing.

In what words is the letter E hidden? PAUSE

The letter E hid in the words: ELVES, FLOORS, RELAYS, ESKIMO, ELECTRICITY, VARIETY, POETS, DUETS.

Grandmother
And next time you, Lelya, and you guys will get acquainted with another letter.

Lyolya
All letters from A to Z
Our true friends!