Photos of our galaxy. Cosmic beauty: Amazing pictures of the universe taken with the help of the Hubble telescope

The Hubble Space Telescope is an automatic observatory in Earth orbit named after Edwin Hubble. The Hubble telescope is a joint project between NASA and the European Space Agency; it is part of NASA's Large Observatories. Placing a telescope in space makes it possible to register electromagnetic radiation in the ranges in which the earth's atmosphere is opaque; primarily in the infrared range. Due to the absence of the influence of the atmosphere, the resolution of the telescope is 7-10 times greater than that of a similar telescope located on Earth. We invite you now to see the best images from this unique telescope over the past few years. In the photo: The Andromeda Galaxy is the closest of the giant galaxies to our Milky Way. Most likely our galaxy looks about the same as the Andromeda galaxy. These two galaxies dominate the Local Group of galaxies.

The hundreds of billions of stars that make up the Andromeda galaxy together give a visible diffuse glow. The individual stars in the image are actually stars in our galaxy, much closer than the distant object. The Andromeda Galaxy is often referred to as M31, as it is the 31st object in Charles Messier's catalog of diffuse celestial objects.

At the center of the "Doradus" star-forming region is a gigantic cluster of the largest, hottest, and most massive stars known to us. These stars form the R136 cluster shown in this image.

NGC 253. Brilliant NGC 253 is one of the brightest spiral galaxies we see, and at the same time one of the dustiest. Some call it the "Silver Dollar Galaxy" because it is shaped like that in a small telescope. Others simply call it "The Sculptor Galaxy" because it lies within the southern constellation Sculptor. This dusty galaxy is 10 million light-years away.

M83 is one of the closest spiral galaxies to us. From a distance that separates us from 15 million light years, it looks completely ordinary. However, if we look closer at the center of M83 with the largest telescopes, this area appears to us as a turbulent and noisy place.

The group of galaxies is Stefan's quintet. However, only four of the group of galaxies, located 300 million light-years away from us, participate in the cosmic dance, now approaching, then moving away from each other. Four interacting galaxies - NGC 7319, NGC 7318A, NGC 7318B and NGC 7317 - have a yellowish coloration and curved loops and tails, the shape of which is caused by the influence of destructive tidal gravitational forces. The bluish galaxy NGC 7320, above left, is much closer than the others, only 40 million light-years away.

A giant cluster of stars distorts and splits the image of the galaxy. Many of them are images of a single unusual, bead-like, blue ring galaxy that happens to be located behind a giant cluster of galaxies. According to recent research, in total, at least 330 images of individual distant galaxies can be found in the picture. This stunning photograph of the galaxy cluster CL0024+1654 was taken in November 2004.

Spiral galaxy NGC 3521 lies just 35 million light-years away towards the constellation Leo. It has features such as torn spiral arms irregular shape, adorned with dust, pinkish star-forming regions and clusters of young bluish stars.

Spiral galaxy M33 is a medium-sized galaxy from the Local Group. M33 is also called the Triangulum galaxy after the constellation in which it resides. M33 near the Milky Way, its angular dimensions are more than twice the size of full moon, i.e. it is perfectly visible with good binoculars.

Nebula Lagoon. The bright Lagoon Nebula contains many different astronomical objects. Objects of particular interest include a bright open star cluster and several active star forming regions. In visual observation, the light from the cluster is lost against the background of a general red glow caused by the emission of hydrogen, while dark filaments arise from the absorption of light by dense layers of dust.

The Cat's Eye Nebula (NGC 6543) is one of the most famous planetary nebulae in the sky.

The small constellation Chameleon is located near the south pole of the World. The picture reveals the amazing features of the humble constellation, which is full of dusty nebulae and colorful stars. Blue reflection nebulae are scattered across the field.

The dark dusty Horsehead Nebula and the glowing Orion Nebula contrast in the sky. They are located at a distance of 1500 light years from us in the direction of the most recognizable celestial constellation. The familiar Horsehead Nebula is a small dark cloud in the shape of a horse's head looming against the background of red glowing gas in the lower left corner of the picture.

Crab Nebula. This confusion remained after the explosion of the star. The Crab Nebula is the result of a supernova explosion that was observed in 1054 AD. At the very center of the nebula is a pulsar - a neutron star with a mass equal to the mass of the Sun, which fits in an area the size of a small town.

This is a mirage from a gravitational lens. The bright red galaxy (LRG) pictured here has its gravity warped light from a more distant blue galaxy. Most often, such a distortion of light leads to the appearance of two images of a distant galaxy, but in the case of a very precise superposition of the galaxy and the gravitational lens, the images merge into a horseshoe - an almost closed ring. This effect was predicted by Albert Einstein 70 years ago.

The star V838 Mon. For unknown reasons, in January 2002, the outer envelope of the star V838 Mon suddenly expanded, making it the brightest star in the entire Milky Way. Then she became weak again, also suddenly. Astronomers have never observed such stellar flares before.

The Ring Nebula. It really looks like a ring in the sky. Therefore, hundreds of years ago, astronomers named this nebula according to its unusual shape. The Ring Nebula is also designated M57 and NGC 6720.

Pillar and jets in the Carina Nebula. This cosmic column of gas and dust is two light years wide. The structure is located in one of the largest star-forming regions in our galaxy. The Carina Nebula is visible in the southern sky and is 7500 light-years away from us.

Trifid Nebula. The beautiful multicolored Trifid Nebula allows you to explore cosmic contrasts. Also known as M20, it lies some 5,000 light-years away in the nebula-rich constellation of Sagittarius. The size of the nebula is about 40 light years.

Known as NGC 5194, this large galaxy with a well-developed spiral structure may have been the first spiral nebula to be discovered. It is clearly seen that its spiral arms and dust lanes pass in front of its companion galaxy, NGC 5195 (left). This pair is about 31 million light-years away and officially belongs to the small constellation Canes Venatici.

Centaurus A. A fantastic bunch of young blue star clusters, gigantic glowing gas clouds, and dark dust lanes surround the central region of the active galaxy Centaurus A.

Nebula Butterfly. Bright clusters and nebulae in planet Earth's night sky are often named after flowers or insects, and NGC 6302 is no exception. The central star of this planetary nebula is exceptionally hot, with a surface temperature of around 250,000 degrees Celsius.

An image of a supernova that exploded in 1994 on the outskirts of a spiral galaxy.

The Sombrero Galaxy. The appearance of the M104 galaxy resembles a hat, which is why it was called the Sombrero galaxy. The image shows distinct dark dust lanes and a bright halo of stars and globular clusters. The reasons why the Sombrero Galaxy looks like a hat are an unusually large central stellar bulge and dense dark lanes of dust located in the disk of the galaxy, which we can see almost edge-on.

M17: view close-up. Shaped by stellar winds and radiation, these fantastic wave-like formations are found in the M17 Nebula (Omega Nebula). The Omega Nebula lies in the nebula-rich constellation of Sagittarius and is 5,500 light-years away. Ragged clumps of dense and cold gas and dust are illuminated by the radiation of the stars in the image at the top right, in the future they can become sites of star formation.

What illuminates the nebula IRAS 05437+2502? There is no exact answer. Particularly puzzling is the bright, inverted V-shaped arc that delineates the upper edge of mountain-like clouds of interstellar dust near the center of the image.

The huge structure, spread out in the vastness of the Cosmos for many billions of kilometers, shone with an unearthly light. The Floating City was unanimously recognized as the Abode of the Creator, the place where only the throne of the Lord God can be located. A NASA representative stated that the City cannot be inhabited in the usual sense of the word, most likely, the souls of dead people live in it.
However, another, no less fantastic version of the origin of the cosmic City has the right to exist. The fact is that in search of extraterrestrial intelligence, the very existence of which has not even been questioned for several decades, scientists are faced with a paradox. If we assume that the universe is massively populated by many civilizations, standing on the most different levels development, then some super-civilizations will inevitably appear among them, not just entering the Cosmos, but actively populating the vast expanses of the Universe. And the activities of these supercivilizations, including engineering - to change the natural habitat (in this case, outer space and objects in the zone of influence) - should be noticeable at a distance of many millions of light years.
However, until recently, astronomers have not noticed anything like this. And now - a clear man-made object of galactic proportions. It is possible that the City, discovered by Hubble on Catholic Christmas at the end of the 20th century, turned out to be just such a desired engineering structure unknown and very powerful extraterrestrial civilization.
The size of the city is amazing. Not a single celestial object known to us is able to compete with this giant. Our Earth in this City would be just a grain of sand on the dusty side of the cosmic avenue.
Where does this giant move - and does it move at all? Computer analysis of a series of photographs taken from the Hubble showed that the movement of the City generally coincides with the movement of the galaxies surrounding it. That is, with respect to the Earth, everything happens within the framework of the Big Bang theory. The galaxies "scatter", the redshift increases with increasing distance, no deviations from the general law are observed.
However, during the three-dimensional modeling of the remote part of the Universe, a startling fact was revealed: it is not a part of the Universe that is moving away from us, but we are moving away from it. Why is the reference point moved to the City? Because it was this foggy speck in the photographs that turned out to be the “center of the Universe” in the computer model. The three-dimensional moving image clearly demonstrated that the galaxies somehow scatter, but precisely from that point of the Universe where the City is located. In other words, all galaxies, including ours, once came out of this very point in space, and it is around the City that the Universe rotates. And therefore, the first idea of ​​the City, as the Abode of God, turned out to be extremely successful and close to the truth.

Here is a selection of images taken with the Hubble Space Telescope. It has been in the orbit of our planet for more than twenty years and continues to this day to reveal to us the secrets of space.

1. NGC 5194
Known as NGC 5194, this large galaxy with a well-developed spiral structure may have been the first spiral nebula to be discovered. It is clearly seen that its spiral arms and dust lanes pass in front of its companion galaxy, NGC 5195 (left). This pair is about 31 million light-years away and officially belongs to the small constellation Canes Venatici.

2 Spiral Galaxy M33
Spiral galaxy M33 is a medium-sized galaxy from the Local Group. M33 is also called the Triangulum galaxy after the constellation in which it resides. About 4 times smaller (in radius) than our Milky Way Galaxy and the Andromeda Galaxy (M31), M33 is much larger than many dwarf galaxies. Due to its proximity to M31, M33 is thought by some to be a satellite of this more massive galaxy. M33 is not far from the Milky Way, its angular dimensions are more than twice the dimensions of the full moon, i.e. it is perfectly visible with good binoculars.

3. Stephen's Quintet
The group of galaxies is Stefan's quintet. However, only four of the group of galaxies, located 300 million light-years away from us, participate in the cosmic dance, now approaching, then moving away from each other. It's pretty easy to find one. Four interacting galaxies - NGC 7319, NGC 7318A, NGC 7318B and NGC 7317 - have a yellowish coloration and curved loops and tails, the shape of which is caused by the influence of destructive tidal gravitational forces. The bluish galaxy NGC 7320, above left, is much closer than the others, only 40 million light-years away.

4 Andromeda Galaxy
The Andromeda Galaxy is the closest of the giant galaxies to our Milky Way. Most likely our galaxy looks about the same as the Andromeda galaxy. These two galaxies dominate the Local Group of galaxies. The hundreds of billions of stars that make up the Andromeda galaxy together give a visible diffuse glow. The individual stars in the image are actually stars in our galaxy, much closer than the distant object. The Andromeda Galaxy is often referred to as M31, as it is the 31st object in Charles Messier's catalog of diffuse celestial objects.

5 Lagoon Nebula
The bright Lagoon Nebula contains many different astronomical objects. Objects of particular interest include a bright open star cluster and several active star forming regions. In visual observation, the light from the cluster is lost against the background of a general red glow caused by the emission of hydrogen, while dark filaments arise from the absorption of light by dense layers of dust.

6. Nebula Cat's Eye (NGC 6543)
The Cat's Eye Nebula (NGC 6543) is one of the most famous planetary nebulae in the sky. Her memorable symmetrical shapes are visible in the center of this spectacular false-color image, specially manipulated to show a huge but very faint halo of gaseous material, about three light-years in diameter, surrounding a bright, familiar planetary nebula.

7. Small constellation Chameleon
The small constellation Chameleon is located near the south pole of the World. The picture reveals the amazing features of the humble constellation, which is full of dusty nebulae and colorful stars. Blue reflection nebulae are scattered across the field.

8. Nebula Sh2-136
Cosmic dust clouds faintly glowing with reflected starlight. Far from our familiar places on planet Earth, they hide on the edge of the Cepheus Halo molecular cloud complex, 1200 light-years away from us. Nebula Sh2-136, located near the center of the field, is brighter than other ghostly visions. It is over two light-years across and is visible even in infrared light.

9 Horsehead Nebula
The dark dusty Horsehead Nebula and the glowing Orion Nebula contrast in the sky. They are located at a distance of 1500 light years from us in the direction of the most recognizable celestial constellation. And in today's wonderful composite photo, the nebulae occupy opposite corners. The familiar Horsehead Nebula is a small dark cloud in the shape of a horse's head looming against the background of red glowing gas in the lower left corner of the picture.

10 Crab Nebula
This confusion remained after the explosion of the star. The Crab Nebula is the result of a supernova explosion that was observed in 1054 AD. The supernova remnant is filled with mysterious filaments. The filaments are not just complicated to look at. The Crab Nebula is ten light-years across. At the very center of the nebula is a pulsar - a neutron star with a mass equal to the mass of the Sun, which fits in an area the size of a small town.

11. Mirage from a gravitational lens
This is a mirage from a gravitational lens. The bright red galaxy (LRG) pictured here has its gravity warped light from a more distant blue galaxy. Most often, such a distortion of light leads to the appearance of two images of a distant galaxy, but in the case of a very precise superposition of the galaxy and the gravitational lens, the images merge into a horseshoe - an almost closed ring. This effect was predicted by Albert Einstein 70 years ago.

12. Star V838 Mon
For unknown reasons, in January 2002, the outer envelope of the star V838 Mon suddenly expanded, making it the brightest star in the entire Milky Way. Then she became weak again, also suddenly. Astronomers have never seen a stellar flare like this before.

13. Birth of planets
How are planets formed? To try to figure this out, the Hubble Space Telescope was tasked with taking a close look at one of the most interesting of all the nebulae in the sky, the Great Nebula of Orion. The Orion Nebula can be seen with the naked eye near the belt of the constellation Orion. The insets in this photo show numerous proplyds, many of which are stellar nurseries that likely host planetary systems in formation.

14. Star cluster R136
At the center of the star-forming region of 30 Doradus is a gigantic cluster of the largest, hottest, and most massive stars known to us. These stars form the R136 cluster in this visible-light image from the upgraded Hubble Space Telescope.

15. NGC 253
The brilliant NGC 253 is one of the brightest spiral galaxies we see, and at the same time one of the dustiest. Some call it the "Silver Dollar Galaxy" because it is shaped like that in a small telescope. Others simply call it "The Sculptor Galaxy" because it lies within the southern constellation Sculptor. This dusty galaxy is 10 million light-years away.

16. Galaxy M83
M83 is one of the closest spiral galaxies to us. From a distance that separates us from 15 million light years, it looks completely ordinary. However, if we look closer at the center of M83 with the largest telescopes, this area appears to us as a turbulent and noisy place.

17. Ring Nebula
It really looks like a ring in the sky. Therefore, hundreds of years ago, astronomers named this nebula according to its unusual shape. The Ring Nebula also has the designations M57 and NGC 6720. The Ring Nebula is classified as a planetary nebula, a gas cloud that stars similar to the Sun throw out at the end of their lives. Its size exceeds the diameter. This is one of the earliest images of Hubble.

18. Pillar and jets in the Carina Nebula
This cosmic column of gas and dust is two light years wide. The structure is located in one of the largest star-forming regions in our Galaxy, the Carina Nebula, which is visible in the southern sky and is 7500 light-years away from us.

19. Center of globular cluster Omega Centauri
In the center of the globular cluster Omega Centauri, the stars are packed ten thousand times denser than the stars in the vicinity of the Sun. The image shows many faint yellow-white stars, smaller than our Sun, several orange red giants, as well as occasional blue stars. If suddenly two stars collide, then one more massive star can form, or they form a new binary system.

20. A giant cluster distorts and splits the image of the galaxy
Many of them are images of a single unusual, bead-like, blue ring galaxy that happens to be located behind a giant cluster of galaxies. According to recent research, in total, at least 330 images of individual distant galaxies can be found in the picture. This stunning photograph of the galaxy cluster CL0024+1654 was taken by the Space Telescope. Hubble in November 2004.

21. Trifid Nebula
The beautiful multicolored Trifid Nebula allows you to explore cosmic contrasts. Also known as M20, it lies some 5,000 light-years away in the nebula-rich constellation of Sagittarius. The size of the nebula is about 40 light years.

22. Centaurus A
A fantastic bunch of young blue star clusters, giant glowing gas clouds and dark dust lanes surround the central region of the active galaxy Centaurus A. Centaurus A is close to Earth, at a distance of 10 million light years

23. Nebula Butterfly
Bright clusters and nebulae in planet Earth's night sky are often named after flowers or insects, and NGC 6302 is no exception. The central star of this planetary nebula is exceptionally hot, with a surface temperature of around 250,000 degrees Celsius.

25. Two colliding galaxies with merged spiral arms
This remarkable cosmic portrait shows two colliding galaxies with merging spiral arms. Above and to the left of the large spiral galaxy of the NGC 6050 pair, a third galaxy can be seen, which is also likely to be involved in the interaction. All of these galaxies are about 450 million light-years away in the Hercules cluster of galaxies. At this distance, the image spans over 150,000 light-years. And although this view seems quite unusual, scientists now know that collisions and subsequent mergers of galaxies are not uncommon.

26. Spiral galaxy NGC 3521
Spiral galaxy NGC 3521 lies just 35 million light-years away towards the constellation Leo. The galaxy, which spans 50,000 light-years, has features such as ragged, irregular spiral arms adorned with dust, pinkish star-forming regions, and clusters of young bluish stars.

27. Jet structure details
Although this unusual outlier was first seen in the early twentieth century, its origin is still a matter of debate. The picture above, taken in 1998 by the Hubble Space Telescope, clearly shows details of the jet's structure. The most popular hypothesis suggests that the source of the ejection was heated gas orbiting a massive black hole at the center of the galaxy.

28. Sombrero Galaxy
The appearance of the M104 galaxy resembles a hat, which is why it was called the Sombrero galaxy. The image shows distinct dark dust lanes and a bright halo of stars and globular clusters. The reasons why the Sombrero Galaxy looks like a hat are an unusually large central stellar bulge and dense dark lanes of dust located in the disk of the galaxy, which we can see almost edge-on.

29. M17 close-up view
Shaped by stellar winds and radiation, these fantastic wave-like formations are found in the M17 Nebula (Omega Nebula) and are part of a star forming region. The Omega Nebula lies in the nebula-rich constellation of Sagittarius and is 5,500 light-years away. Ragged clumps of dense and cold gas and dust are illuminated by the radiation of the stars in the image at the top right, in the future they can become sites of star formation.

30. Nebula IRAS 05437+2502
What illuminates the nebula IRAS 05437+2502? So far, there is no definitive answer. Particularly puzzling is the bright, inverted V-shaped arc that delineates the upper edge of mountain-like clouds of interstellar dust near the center of the image. All in all, this ghostly nebula contains a small star-forming region filled with dark dust. It was first seen in infrared images taken by the IRAS satellite in 1983. Shown here is a wonderful, recently published image taken by the Hubble Space Telescope. Although it shows a lot of new details, the reason for the appearance of a bright, clear arc could not be established.

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Pictures taken at ultra-long distances with space telescope Hubble, which left Earth exactly 25 years ago. The deadline is no joke. In the first image, the Horsehead Nebula has graced astronomy books ever since it was discovered about a century ago.

Jupiter's moon Ganymede is shown as it begins to hide behind the giant planet. Consisting of rocky rock and ice, the satellite is the largest in the solar system, even larger than the planet Mercury.

Resembling a butterfly and named accordingly, the Butterfly Nebula is made up of hot gas with a temperature of about 20,000 ° C and moves through the universe at a speed of more than 950,000 km per hour. From the Earth to the Moon at this speed can be reached in 24 minutes.

The Cone Nebula is about 23 million trips around the moon. The entire length of the nebula is about 7 light years. It is believed that it is the incubator of new stars.

The Eagle Nebula is a mixture of chilled gas and dust from which stars are born. Height - 9.5 light years or 57 trillion miles, twice as long as the distance from the Sun to its nearest star.

The bright southern hemisphere of the star RS Puppis is surrounded by a reflective cloud of dust, counted like a lampshade. This star has a mass 10 times greater than the Sun, and 200 times larger than it.

The Pillars of Creation are in the Eagle Nebula. They are made up of stellar gas and dust and are located 7,000 light-years from Earth.

Such a clear shot wide angle lens galaxy M82 was produced for the first time. This galaxy is notable for its bright blue disk, a network of scattered clouds, and fiery jets of hydrogen emanating from its center.

Hubble captured a rare moment of two spiral galaxies on the same line: the first, small, rests on the center of the larger one.

The Crab Nebula is the trail of a supernova that was recorded by Chinese astronomers as early as 1054. thus, this nebula is the first astronomical object associated with a historical supernova explosion.

This beauty is the spiral galaxy M83, located 15 million light-years from the nearest constellation, Hydra.

Sombrero Galaxy: stars located on the surface of the "pancake", and accumulated in the center of the disk.

A pair of interacting galaxies, called "Antennas". While two galaxies are colliding, new stars are born - mostly in groups and star clusters.

Light echo of V838 Monocerotis, a variable star in the constellation Monoceros, about 20,000 light-years away. In 2002, she survived an explosion, the cause of which is still unknown.

The massive star Eta Kiel, located in our native milky way. Many scientists believe that it will soon explode to turn into a supernova.

Giant star-producing nebula with massive star clusters.

The four moons of Saturn, taken by surprise as they run past their parent.

Two interacting galaxies: on the right is the large spiral NGC 5754, on the left is its younger comrade.

The luminous remnants of a star that went out thousands of years ago.

Butterfly Nebula: walls of compressed gas, taut filaments, bubbling streams. Night, street, lamp.

The Black Eye Galaxy. So named because of the black ring formed as a result of an ancient explosion with seething inside.

Unusual planetary nebula NGC 6751. Glowing like an eye in the constellation Aquila, this nebula was formed several thousand years ago from a hot star (visible in the very center).

Boomerang Nebula. The light-reflecting cloud of dust and gas has two symmetrical "wings" radiating from the central star.

Spiral galaxy "Whirlpool". Curly arcs in which newborn stars reside. In the center, where it is better and more impressive, there are old stars.

Mars. 11 hours before the planet was at a record close distance from the Earth (August 26, 2003).

Traces of a dying star in the Ant Nebula

A molecular cloud (or "stellar cradle"; astronomers are unfulfilled poets) called the Carina Nebula, located 7,500 light-years from Earth. Somewhere in the south of the constellation Carina

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In early April, Taschen publishing house will put up for sale a new book with a collection of the most stunning images of deep space photographed with a telescope Hubble. It has been 25 years since the telescope was launched into orbit, and it still continues to inform us about what our universe looks like, in all its incredible beauty.

Barnard 33, or the Horsehead Nebula, is a dark nebula in the constellation Orion

Position: 05h 40m, –02°, 27", distance from Earth: 1,600 ly; instrument/year: WFC3/IR, 2012.

M83, or the Southern Pinwheel Galaxy, is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Hydra

Position: 13h 37m, –29°, 51", distance from Earth: 15,000,000 ly, instrument/year: WFC3/UVIS, 2009–2012.

Position: 18h 18m, –13°, 49", distance from Earth: 6,500 ly, instrument/year: WFC3/IR, 2014.

The book is called Expanding universe("The Expanding Universe") and timed to coincide with the 25th anniversary of the Hubble launch. The Hubble photographs published in this book are not just breathtaking images, they are also an opportunity to learn more about space exploration. The book includes an essay by a photo critic, an interview with a specialist who explains exactly how these images are created, as well as two stories from astronauts about the role this unique telescope plays in space exploration.

RS Puppis is a variable star in the constellation Puppis

Position: 08h 13m, –34°, 34", distance from Earth: 6,500 ly, instrument/year: ACS/WFC, 2010.

M82, or the Cigar Galaxy, is a spiral galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major

Position: 09h 55m, +69° 40", distance from Earth: 12,000,000 ly, instrument/year: ACS/WFC, 2006.

M16, or the Eagle Nebula, is a young open star cluster in the constellation Serpens

Position: 18h 18m, –13°, 49", distance from Earth: 6,500 ly, instrument/year: WFC3/UVIS, 2014.

Due to the fact that the telescope is in space, it can detect radiation in the infrared range, which is completely impossible to do from the surface of the Earth. Therefore, the resolution of Hubble is 7-10 times greater than that of a similar telescope located on the surface of our planet. So, for example, among other things, scientists first obtained maps of the surface of Pluto, learned additional data about planets outside solar system, they managed to make significant progress in the study of such mysterious black holes in the centers of galaxies, and also, which seems quite incredible, they were able to formulate a modern cosmological model and find out a more accurate age of the Universe (13.7 billion years).

Jupiter and its moon Ganymede

Sharpless 2-106, or the Snow Angel Nebula in the constellation Cygnus

Position: 20h 27m, +37°, 22", distance from Earth: 2,000 ly, instrument/year: Subaru, Telescope, 1999; WFC3/UVIS, WFC3/IR, 2011.

M16, or the Eagle Nebula, is a young open star cluster in the constellation Serpens

Position: 18h 18m, –13°, 49", distance from Earth: 6,500 ly, instrument/year: ACS/WFC, 2004.

HCG 92, or Stephen's Quintet, is a group of five galaxies in the constellation Pegasus.

Position: 22h 35m, +33°, 57", distance from Earth: 290,000,000 light years, instrument/year: WFC3/UVIS, 2009.

M81, NGC 3031, or the Bode Galaxy, is a spiral galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major