Photos of planets from a telescope. A series of photos from the hubble space telescope
On December 26, 1994, NASA's largest space telescope, the Hubble, recorded a huge white city floating in space. Photos hosted on the telescope's web server a short time became available to Internet users, but then were strictly classified.
After deciphering a series of images transmitted from the Hubble telescope, the films clearly showed a large white city floating in space.
Representatives of NASA did not have time to turn off free access to the telescope's web server, where all the images received from the Hubble are received for study in various astronomical laboratories.
At first it was just a small hazy speck in one of the frames. But when professor at the University of Florida Ken Wilson decided to look at the photograph in more detail and in addition to the Hubble optics armed himself with a handheld magnifier, he discovered that the speck had a strange structure that could not be explained either by diffraction in the telescope's lens set or by interference in communication channel when transmitting an image to the Earth.
After a short operational meeting, it was decided to reshoot the area indicated by Professor Wilson. starry sky with the maximum resolution for Hubble. Huge multimeter lenses of the space telescope focused on the farthest corner of the universe accessible to the telescope's view. Several characteristic clicks of the camera shutter sounded, with which the joker-operator voiced the computer command to fix the image on the telescope. And the "speck" appeared before the astonished scientists on the multi-meter screen of the projection installation of the Hubble control laboratory as a shining structure, similar to a fantastic city, a kind of hybrid of Swift's "flying island" Laputa and sci-fi projects of cities of the future.
The huge structure, stretching in the vastness of the Cosmos for many billions of kilometers, shone with an unearthly light. The Floating City was unanimously recognized as the Abode of the Creator, the place where only the throne of the Lord God can be located. The NASA representative said that the City cannot be inhabited in the usual sense of the word, most likely, the souls of dead people live in it.
However, another, no less fantastic version of the origin of the cosmic City has the right to exist. The fact is that in their search for extraterrestrial intelligence, the very existence of which has not even been questioned for several decades, scientists are faced with a paradox. If we assume that the universe is massively populated by many civilizations that stand on the most different levels development, then among them there should inevitably be some supercivilizations, not just released into Space, but actively populating vast spaces of the Universe. And the activity of these supercivilizations, including engineering - to change the natural habitat (in this case, outer space and objects in the zone of influence) - should be noticeable at a distance of many millions of light years.
However, until recently, astronomers have not noticed anything like this. And now - an obvious man-made object of galactic proportions. It is possible that the City discovered by Hubble on Catholic Christmas at the end of the 20th century turned out to be just such a sought-after engineering structure unknown and very powerful extraterrestrial civilization.
The size of the City is amazing. Not a single celestial object known to us is in a position to compete with this giant. Our Earth in this City would be just a grain of sand on the dusty side of the cosmic avenue.
Where is this giant heading - and is it moving at all? Computer analysis of a series of photographs taken from the Hubble showed that the movement of the City generally coincides with the movement of the surrounding galaxies. That is, with respect to the Earth, everything happens within the framework of the Big Bang theory. The galaxies "scatter", the redshift increases with distance, no deviations from the general law are observed.
However, in three-dimensional modeling of a distant part of the Universe, an amazing fact was revealed: it is not a part of the Universe that is moving away from us, but we are from it. Why was the starting point moved to the City? Because it is this foggy speck in the photographs that turned out to be the "center of the Universe" in the computer model. The volumetric moving image clearly demonstrated that the galaxies are scattering, but precisely from the point of the Universe where the City is located. In other words, all galaxies, including ours, once emerged from this point in space, and it is around the City that the Universe rotates. Therefore, the first idea of the City as the Abode of God turned out to be extremely successful and close to the truth.
Mysterious nebulae, millions of light years away, the birth of new stars and the collision of galaxies. A selection best photos from the Hubble Space Telescope for recent times.
1. Dark nebulae in a cluster of young stars. Shown here is a patch of star cluster in the Eagle Nebula that formed about 5.5 million years ago and lies 6500 light-years from Earth. (ESA Photo | Hubble & NASA):
2. The giant galaxy NGC 7049, located at a distance of 100 million light years from Earth, in the constellation Indus. (Photo by NASA, ESA and W. Harris - McMaster University, Ontario, Canada):
3. The emission nebula Sh2-106 is located two thousand light years from Earth. It is a compact star-forming region. In its center is the star S106 IR, which is surrounded by dust and hydrogen - in the photo it is colored in a conditional blue color... (Photo by NASA, ESA, the Hubble Heritage Team, STScI | AURA, and NAOJ):
4. Abell 2744, also known as the Pandora Cluster, is a giant cluster of galaxies, the result of a simultaneous collision of at least four separate small galaxy clusters over 350 million years. The galaxies in the cluster make up less than five percent of its mass, the gas (about 20%) is so hot that it glows only in the X-ray range. Mysterious dark matter makes up about 75% of the cluster's mass. (Photo by NASA, ESA, and J. Lotz, M. Mountain, A. Koekemoer, & the HFF Team):
5. "Caterpillar" and emission nebula Carina (region of ionized hydrogen) in the constellation Carina. (Photo by NASA, ESA, N. Smith, University of California, Berkeley, and The Hubble Heritage Team. STScI | AURA):
6. Barred spiral galaxy NGC 1566 (SBbc) in the constellation Dorado. It is located 40 million light years from us. (Photo by ESA | Hubble & NASA, Flickr user Det58):
7. IRAS 14568-6304 is a young star located 2500 light-years from Earth. This dark region is the molecular cloud Circinus, which has 250,000 solar masses and is filled with gas, dust and young stars. (ESA Photo | Hubble & NASA Acknowledgments: R. Sahai | JPL, Serge Meunier):
8. Portrait of a star kindergarten... Hundreds of brilliant blue stars covered with warm glowing clouds is R136, a compact star cluster located in the center of the Tarantula Nebula.
Cluster R136 is composed of young stars, giants and supergiants, which are estimated to be approximately 2 million years old. (Photo by NASA, ESA, and F. Paresce, INAF-IASF, Bologna, R. O "Connell, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, and the Wide Field Camera 3 Science Oversight Committee):
9. Spiral galaxy NGC 7714 in the constellation Pisces. It is located at a distance of 100 million light years from Earth. (Photo ESA, NASA, A. Gal-Yam, Weizmann Institute of Science):
10. The image taken by the Hubble Orbiting Telescope shows the warm planetary nebula Red Spider, also known as NGC 6537.
This unusual undulating structure is located about 3000 light-years from Earth in the constellation Sagittarius. The planetary nebula is an astronomical object consisting of an ionized shell of gas and a central star, a white dwarf. They are formed during the ejection of the outer layers of red giants and supergiants with masses up to 1.4 solar masses at the final stage of their evolution. (Photo by ESA & Garrelt Mellema, Leiden University, the Netherlands):
11. The Horsehead Nebula is a dark nebula in the constellation Orion. One of the most famous nebulae. She is seen as dark spot in the form of a horse head against a background of red glow. This glow is attributed to the ionization of hydrogen clouds behind the nebula due to radiation from the nearest bright star (ζ Orion). (Photo by NASA, ESA, and the Hubble Heritage Team, AURA | STScI):
12. This image from the Hubble Space Telescope shows the closest spiral galaxy NGC 1433 in the constellation Clock. It is located at a distance of 32 million light years from us, and belongs to the type of very active galaxies / (Photo Space Scoop | ESA | Hubble & NASA, D. Calzetti, UMass and the LEGU.S. Team):
13. A rare cosmic phenomenon - the Einstein ring, resulting from the fact that the gravity of a massive body bends electromagnetic radiation going towards the Earth from a more distant object.
Einstein's general theory of relativity states that the gravity of such large cosmic objects as galaxies bends the space around it and deflects rays of light. This creates a distorted image of another galaxy - a light source. The galaxy that bends space is called a gravitational lens. (ESA Photo | Hubble & NASA):
14. Nebula NGC 3372 in the constellation Carina. A large bright nebula that has several open clusters within its borders. (Photo by NASA, ESA, M. Livio and the Hubble 20th Anniversary Team, STScI):
15. Abell 370 is a cluster of galaxies at a distance of about 4 billion light years in the constellation Cetus. The cluster core consists of several hundred galaxies. It is the most distant cluster. These galaxies are located about 5 billion light years away. (Photo by NASA, ESA, and J. Lotz and the HFF Team, STScI):
16. Galaxy NGC 4696 in the constellation Centaurus. Located 145 million light years from Earth. It is the brightest galaxy in the Centauri Cluster. The galaxy is surrounded by many dwarf elliptical galaxies. (Photo by NASA, ESA | Hubble, A. Fabian):
17. Located within the Perseus-Pisces cluster of galaxies, the galaxy UGC 12591 attracts the attention of astronomers with its unusual shape- it is neither lenticular nor spiral, that is, it exhibits features common to both classes.
The star cluster UGC 12591 is relatively massive - its mass, as scientists have been able to calculate, is about four times that of our Milky Way.
At the same time, the galaxy of a unique shape also very quickly changes its spatial position, while simultaneously rotating around its axis at an abnormally high speed. Scientists have yet to figure out the reasons for such a high speed of rotation of UGC 12591 around its axis. (ESA Photo | Hubble & NASA):
18. How many stars! It is the center of our Milky Way, 26,000 light-years away. (ESA Photo | A. Calamida and K. Sahu, STScI and the SWEEPS Science Team | NASA):
19. Minkowski Nebula 2-9 or simply PN M2-9. The characteristic petal shape of PN M2-9 is most likely due to the movement of these two stars around each other. It is believed that a white dwarf is spinning in the system, which causes the expanding shell of a larger star to form the shape of wings or petals, instead of simply expanding like a uniform sphere. (Photo by ESA, Hubble & NASA, Acknowledgment: Judy Schmidt):
20. The planetary Ring Nebula is located in the constellation Lyra. It is one of the most famous and recognizable examples of planetary nebulae. The Ring Nebula looks like a slightly elongated ring around a central star. The nebula has a radius of about a third of a light year. If the nebula was continuously expanding, maintaining the current speed of 19 km / s, then its age is estimated from 6,000 to 8,000 years. (Photo by NASA, ESA, and C. Robert O'Dell, Vanderbilt University):
21. Galaxy NGC 5256 in the constellation Ursa Major. (ESA Photo | Hubble, NASA):
22. Open cluster 6791 in the constellation Lyra. Among the dimmest stars in the cluster, there is a group of white dwarfs that are 6 billion years old and another group that is 4 billion years old. The ages of these groups stand out from the typical age of 8 billion years for the cluster as a whole. (Photo by NASA, ESA):
23. The famous Pillars of Creation. These are clusters ("elephant trunks") of interstellar gas and dust in the Eagle Nebula, about 7000 light-years from Earth. The Pillars of Creation are the remains of the central part of the Eagle gas and dust nebula in the constellation Serpent, and, like the entire nebula, consist mainly of cold molecular hydrogen and dust. Under the influence of gravity in the gas-dust cloud, condensations are formed, from which stars can be born. The uniqueness of this object is that the first four massive stars (NGC 6611) (these stars are not visible in the photo itself), which appeared in the center of the nebula about two million years ago, scattered its central part and a section from the Earth. (Photo by NASA, ESA | Hubble and the Hubble Heritage Team):
24. The Bubble Nebula in the constellation Cassiopeia. The "bubble" was formed by stellar wind from a hot, massive star. The nebula itself is part of a giant molecular cloud located 7,100-11,000 light-years from the Sun. (Photo by NASA, ESA, Hubble Heritage Team):
For more than 25 years, the legendary Hubble telescope has been successfully traveling through the vastness of space, transferring invaluable knowledge about the most distant parts of our Universe to mankind. On April 24, 1990, the American spacecraft Discovery delivered the telescope into low-earth orbit, where it is still located. During this time, more than a million unique images of distant galaxies and celestial bodies were transferred to the Earth.
It was from the photographs taken by Hubble that scientists were able to find out the approximate age of the Universe (13.7 billion years), confirm the theory of the existence of black holes, find out how stars and galaxies arise and die. A lot of efforts and 6 billion dollars were spent on the work of the telescope, and all in order to learn at least something new about the worlds around us. Now we will show you the most famous photographs of Hubble, which completely revolutionized the idea of distance and time, of speed and size. Happy viewing!
Horsehead Nebula
Each year, the Hubble team publishes the best telescope photo ever to celebrate the launch anniversary on April 24th. This year was shown a stunning photograph of the Horsehead Nebula, which is located in the constellation Orion, more than 1,500 light-years from our planet.
M16 or Pillars of Creation
This is perhaps the most famous image of the Hubble and space in general. The first photo was taken by a telescope back in 1995, the second image in more high quality was published on January 1, 2015. The image shows giant clusters of interstellar gas and dust in the Eagle Nebula. In fact, the explosion that formed the Pillars happened about 6,000 years ago, and the distance to the Eagle Nebula itself is 7,000 light years. This means that in fact the Pillars of Creation no longer exist, and we will be able to observe their destruction on Earth only after a thousand years.
Cat's eye nebula
Officially named NGC 6543, Cat's Eye is a unique planetary nebula in the constellation Draco. It is one of the most complex nebulae in structure. The image taken by Hubble in 1994 shows many different plexuses and bright arcuate elements. At the center of the nebula is a huge halo 3,000 light-years across, made of gaseous matter.
Andromeda Galaxy
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In 2014, the Hubble Telescope captured the highest quality photograph of the Andromeda galaxy ever observed. This galaxy is the closest of the giant galaxies to the Milky Way. Most likely, our galaxy looks identical to Andromeda. The billions of stars that make up Andromeda together form a powerful diffuse glow.
Crab nebula
The Crab Nebula, or M1, is the result of a supernova explosion in the constellation Taurus. According to the records of Arab and Chinese astronomers, they observed this explosion in the distant 1054 AD. The nebula is filled with mysterious filaments, and at its center is a pulsar, a neutron star with a mass equal to that of the Sun, which emits powerful gamma-ray pulses.
Star V838 Mon
For unknown reasons, the star V838, located in the constellation of Unicorn, experienced a powerful explosion in early 2002. After the explosion, V838's outer shell suddenly expanded, making it the brightest star in all. Milky way... After that, also suddenly, the star became faint again. Scientists have not yet figured out the cause of this explosion.
Ring Nebula
The Ring Nebula was discovered by Antoine Darkier in 1779 and gets its name from the well-defined annular accumulation of gas. The nebula is made up of gas clouds that eject stars before the end of their lives. Today, the Ring Nebula is the most popular object of observation among amateur astronauts, it is clearly visible even with powerful urban illumination at any time of the year.
Pillar and jets in the Carina nebula
This astonishing Hubble photograph shows a huge, cosmic column of gas and dust located in the Carina Nebula. Inside the column are many nascent stars, which form powerful jets - the ejections of gas and plasma observed along their axis of rotation.
Butterfly Nebula
The bipolar planetary nebula in the constellation Scorpio gets its name from its resemblance to the wings of a butterfly. At the center of the nebula is probably one of the hottest stars in the universe, with temperatures exceeding 200,000 ° C.
Supernova
This Hubble photograph shows a supernova that exploded in 1994 on the outskirts of the Spiral Galaxy.
Sombrero Galaxy
Spiral galaxy Sombrero or M104 is located in the constellation Virgo at a distance of 28 million light years from Earth. Recent research has shown that Sombrero is actually a cluster of two galaxies. In 1990, the Hubble team found that in the center of the Sombrero galaxies there is a supermassive black hole with a mass of 1 billion solar masses.
NebulaS106
Massive star IRS 4 spreads its wings. A newborn star, only 100,000 years old, spews gas and dust from its interior to form the Sharpless Nebula S 106, pictured in this photograph.
Centaurus A
Hubble's 2010 image shows the lenticular galaxy Centaurus A (NGC 5128) in the constellation Centaurus. In the photo, a delightful cluster of young blue stars, huge glowing gas clouds and dark filaments of dust surrounds the central part of the active galaxy Centaurus A.
Celestial fireworks
The shiny canvas of a cluster of young stars is reminiscent of colorful fireworks. The photo was taken with a Hubble infrared camera, capable of reducing noise and obscuring the dust surrounding the stars.
Vortex galaxy
M 51 is a galaxy located in the constellation Canis Hounds at a distance of 23 million years from Earth. The Whirlpool Galaxy consists of the large spiral galaxy NGC 5194, on the right arm of which is the dwarf galaxy NGC 5195.
If you have read to the end, you will be interested.
Hubble archives of photographs taken by Hubble can be seen on the HubbleSite, the official NASA or ESA sub-site, the
At the beginning of April, the Taschen publishing house will put up for sale a new book with a collection the most stunning images of deep space taken with a telescope Hubble... It has been 25 years since the telescope was launched into orbit, and it still continues to inform us about what our universe looks like, in all its incredible beauty.
Barnard 33, or the Horsehead Nebula, is a dark nebula in the constellation Orion
Position: 05h 40m, –02 °, 27 ", distance from Earth: 1,600 light years; instrument / year: WFC3 / IR, 2012.
M83, or Southern Pinwheel Galaxy, is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Hydra
Position: 13h 37m, –29 °, 51 ", distance from Earth: 15,000,000 light years, instrument / year: WFC3 / UVIS, 2009–2012.
Position: 18h 18m, –13 °, 49 ", distance from Earth: 6,500 light years, device / year: WFC3 / IR, 2014.
The book is called Expanding Universe("Expanding Universe") and is timed to coincide with the 25th anniversary of the launch of Hubble. The Hubble photographs published in this book are not just breathtaking images, they are also an opportunity to learn more about space exploration. The book contains an essay from a photography critic, an interview with a specialist who explains exactly how these images are created, and two stories from astronauts about the role this unique telescope plays in space exploration.
RS Puppis is a variable star in the constellation Poppa
Position: 08h 13m, –34 °, 34 ", distance from Earth: 6,500 light years, device / year: ACS / WFC, 2010.
M82, or Cigar Galaxy - spiral galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major
Position: 09h 55m, + 69 ° 40 ", Distance from Earth: 12,000,000 light years, instrument / year: ACS / WFC, 2006.
M16, or the Eagle Nebula, is a young open cluster in the constellation Serpens
Position: 18h 18m, –13 °, 49 ", distance from Earth: 6,500 light years, instrument / year: WFC3 / UVIS, 2014.
Due to the fact that the telescope is in space, it can register radiation in the infrared range, which is completely impossible to do from the surface of the Earth. Therefore, the Hubble's resolution is 7-10 times greater than that of a similar telescope located on the surface of our planet. So, for example, among other things, scientists first obtained maps of Pluto's surface, learned additional data about planets outside the solar system, they managed to make significant progress in the study of such mysterious black holes in the centers of galaxies, and also, which seems quite incredible, they were able to formulate the modern cosmological model and find out a more accurate age of the Universe (13.7 billion years).
Jupiter and its moon Ganymede
Sharpless 2-106, or the Snow Angel Nebula in the constellation Cygnus
Position: 20h 27m, + 37 °, 22 ", distance from Earth: 2,000 light years, instrument / year: Subaru, Telescope, 1999; WFC3 / UVIS, WFC3 / IR, 2011.
M16, or the Eagle Nebula, is a young open cluster in the constellation Serpens
Position: 18h 18m, –13 °, 49 ", distance from Earth: 6,500 light years, instrument / year: ACS / WFC, 2004.
HCG 92, or Stephen's Quintet, is a group of five galaxies in the constellation Pegasus
Position: 22h 35m, + 33 °, 57 ", distance from Earth: 290,000,000 light years, instrument / year: WFC3 / UVIS, 2009.
M81, NGC 3031, or Bode's Galaxy - spiral galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major
Yesterday you saw strange and incomprehensible crop circles, which may have been left by aliens :-), but today we will look into space ...
The Hubble Telescope, launched by NASA in 1990, is located, unlike most telescopes, not on Earth, but directly in orbit, so the images taken by it are 7-10 times better quality due to the lack of an atmosphere. Maintenance performed by cosmonauts during special flights, every three years.
Anyone can theoretically get access to observations through the Hubble, you just need to submit an application and justify the need to look through the telescope. But, alas, not everything is so simple - there are a huge number of applications, so the competition is very tough, and most of those who wish have to be content with photographs.
However, looking at the photographs taken with this telescope, one cannot even believe that this is reality, and not a frame from some fantastic film. Truly, the Universe is infinite, and miracles are also countless in it. Today I bring you a selection of the 50 most interesting photos made from Hubble, in standard and large sizes, which you can download from the links and set as a background on your desktop.
01 Two galaxies merge into one. At this time, billions of stars and constellations are born
02 In the photo, the Crab Nebula is an object with a very complex structure and the ability to change extremely quickly. 
03 Explosion of gas and dust in the diffuse nebula M-16 Eagle in the Serpent. The height of the column of dust and gas emerging from the nebula is about 90 trillion kilometers, which is twice the distance from our Sun to the nearest star. 
04 Galaxy M-51 in the constellation Canine Hounds, or a whirlpool galaxy. Next to it is another smaller galaxy. The distance to them is 31 million light years. 
05 Planetary nebula NGS 6543, similar to the All-Seeing Eye from Tolkien's Lord of the Rings trilogy. Such nebulae are very rare. 
06 Planetary Nebula Helix, in the center of which is a slowly fading star. 
07 Meet newborn stars in N90, the Small Magellanic Cloud. 
08 Gas explosion in the planetary nebula Ring, constellation Lyra. The distance from the nebula to our Earth is 2000 light years. 
09 Spiral galaxy NGS 52, the birth of new stars 
10 View of the Orion Nebula. This is the area closest to Earth where new stars are born - "only" 1500 light-years away. 
11 A gas explosion in planetary nebula NGS 6302 formed what looked like butterfly wings. The temperature of the substance in each of the "wings" is about 20 thousand degrees Celsius, and the speed of movement of particles is 950 thousand kilometers per hour. At this speed, you can get from the Earth to the Moon in 24 minutes. 
12 And this is how quasars, or the nuclei of the first galaxies looked like, several hundred million years after the Big Bang. Quasars are some of the brightest and oldest objects in the universe. 
13 A unique photograph of the narrow galaxy NGS 8856, turned sideways towards us. 
14 Iridescent tints in a fading star. 
15 Galaxy Centaurus A is one of the closest to us (12 million light years). 
16 The appearance of new stars in the Monsieur galaxy, the Orion nebula. 
17 The birth of a star in the Orion nebula, cosmic vortex. 
18 A pillar of gas and dust about 7 light-years high in the constellation Unicorn, 2,500 light-years from our planet. 
19 One of the best photographs taken with the Hubble telescope is the crossed spiral galaxy NGS 1300. 
20 The Sombrero Galaxy, located 28 million light-years from Earth, is one of the most interesting and beautiful in the Universe. 
21 This is not a bas-relief depicting ancient heroes, but just a column of dust and gas 7,500 light years away. 
22 Birth of new stars in the Milky Way 
23 A play of light and shadow in the constellation Carina, 7,500 light-years from Earth. 
24 Gas ejection from a fading star, a white dwarf the size of our Sun 
25 Clearance in the Orion Nebula 
26 Stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a dwarf galaxy located 168 thousand light years from us. 
27 Monsieur Galaxy, in which new stars appear 10 times more often than in the Milky Way. 
28 A cloud of dust and gas in the constellation Carina 
29 Young stars in a relatively new galaxy. The mass of the smallest star is half that of our Sun. 
30 Nebula in the constellation Carina 
31 Black hole 
32 Amazingly beautiful spiral galaxy in the constellation Ophiuchus, near the center of the Milky Way 
33 Solar system. Although this is not a photograph from the Hubble telescope, I really liked it and it will look very beautiful as a desktop background ;-) 
34 Planetary Nebula "Necklace" 
35 Red giant is a star in the constellation Unicorn 
36 Spiral galaxy, 85 million light-years distant. 
37 Cosmic Dust Clouds in the Milky Way 
38 Very beautiful spiral galaxy 11.6 million light years from Earth 
39 Center of our Galaxy 
