Rocket furnace from a shaped tube. Do-it-yourself rocket furnace drawings and manufacturing process - from simple to complex

Drawings and videos of the rocket furnace required for DIY installation

Do-it-yourself reactive furnace: diagram, drawings, step-by-step instructions for making a rocket furnace, etc. + video

The rocket or jet oven appeared as a result of a deviation from the tradition of manufacturing equipment for heating a room. It is considered an economical heat generator, the design of which is elementary. Therefore, many are thinking about building a jet furnace with their own hands.

Description, advantages and disadvantages of the rocket furnace

A heat generator for heating air in a room is called a rocket oven or a jet oven, since during operation, in the event of an excessive intake of air, it emits special sounds. This noise can be mistaken for the roar of a jet engine. In normal mode, the equipment operates with a barely audible rustling sound.

The rocket stove serves as a device for home heating and cooking. It takes about 6 hours to burn one batch of firewood in such equipment, more than in a standard metal stove. The reason for this is the creation of a heat generator based on an overhead combustion furnace.

The flame from the jet furnace may burst

The advantages of the rocket furnace include:

independence from fuel energy;
simplicity of design, consisting of available parts, connected in minutes;
the ability to provide a lot of heat, despite the quality of the loaded fuel.

The jet furnace also has some disadvantages:

manual control, which implies constant monitoring of equipment operation;
danger of getting burned, because the walls of the equipment become extremely hot;
inexpediency of using in a bath, since it will not be possible to warm it up.

Views

The unit, which emits a rocket hum during operation, happens:

portable (an assembly of metal pipes, buckets or a gas cylinder); Portable rocket furnaces are mass-produced by industry
stationary (created from fireclay bricks and metal containers); Such an assembly is more difficult to build than a metal furnace
equipment for heating the air with a stove bench.

Portable structures are made in large batches, because they are used for hiking. The basis of these heat generators is a pipe made up of several sections.

True, such designs, unlike units based on fireclay bricks, are not reliable. The walls of the refractory blocks increase the heat transfer from the reactive furnace.

If desired, you can add a couch or bed decorated with clay or sawdust to it.

Details and operation of a reactive heat generator

An elementary rocket furnace is a device of two pieces of pipe connected by a 90-degree bend.

The combustion chamber in this heat generator is usually a zone in the horizontal part of the structure.

But sometimes the fuel is put into the vertical section of the apparatus, for which the rocket furnace is constructed from two pipes of different lengths, mounted vertically and connected by a common horizontal channel.

Primary and secondary air flows through the furnace

The operation of a jet furnace is based on two actions: the unhindered passage of wood gases through the pipe and the afterburning of gases generated during the combustion of fuel.

Chips and firewood are placed in the furnace of this heat generator after a highly flammable material like paper has ignited there. A container with water or other contents is placed on the open section of the pipe.

At the same time, a small space is left between the structure and the installed container, which is necessary to create traction.

The processes taking place inside a stationary jet furnace resemble the work of pyrolysis heating units.

Calculation of parameters (tables)

The volume of the stove should be determined with knowledge of the matter, because it is he who affects the power and the amount of heat generated by the heating equipment.

When calculating the dimensions of jet heating equipment, use the indicator of the inner diameter of the drum D, the value of which can fluctuate within 300-600 mm. You also need to know the cross-sectional area of the drum.

To determine this indicator of the rocket furnace, you should use the formula: S = 3.14 * D2 / 4.

The main dimensions of the jet furnace are shown in the table:

Particular importance is attached to the length of the flue with the stove bench. The maximum permissible indicators are shown in the table:

The volume of the secondary ash chamber is also an important indicator, depending on the volume of the drum and the primary chimney.

Construction raw materials for the construction of a custom kiln

The production of jet heating equipment will require:

barrels with a volume of 200 liters and a diameter of 0.6 meters, an empty bottle of liquefied gas or tin buckets to build a furnace drum;
square or round pipes made of steel with a thickness of 2-3 mm, which are needed to create a blower, combustion chamber and primary chimney;
fireclay crushed stone and kiln clay as heat-insulating materials;
adobe, which serves as an outer coating layer;
fireclay bricks;
sand from the bottom of the river;
cuts of zinc-coated steel or aluminum sheets for the manufacture of lids and doors;
asbestos or basalt cardboard, performing the tasks of a compactor.

Of the tools for the construction of a rocket furnace, you will need a welding machine. And if you plan to make heating equipment out of bricks, then you will have to take:

Master OK;
mortar blade;
hammer pick;
jointing;
acute-angled sledgehammer;
level;
plumb line;
roulette.

Preparation for the assembly of heating equipment

When choosing a place for a rocket stove, they are guided by some rules:

reactive heating equipment is placed only in a room with an area of at least 16 m²;
installation of equipment will be easier without floorboards under the oven;
it is forbidden to place wood beams over a structure that gives heat;
if it is assumed that the chimney will go through the ceiling, then the heating equipment is placed in the middle of the house;
the heat generator cannot be installed near the outer contour of the house, otherwise the room will lose heated air;
it is forbidden to place the jet device near the walls and partitions of their wooden materials.

To make it convenient to put fuel into the jet heating equipment, it is more reasonable to put it with its front side opposite the entrance. It is important to leave at least a meter of unoccupied area around the rocket furnace.

In a small house, builders are advised to set aside a place for the stove in the corner. In this case, the firebox should be directed in one direction, and the stove bench (if made) - in the other.

The oven stands on a special platform that protects the floor from high temperatures.

Having found a suitable site for a rocket furnace, they begin to prepare it for construction work. If boards are laid on the floor in the house, then in the place where the equipment will be installed, they will need to be removed. Under the opened floor, they dig a hole, the bottom of which is necessarily pressed.

A special solution should be mixed before construction work. It consists of sand and clay, combined in a 1: 1 ratio. So much water will be required for the construction raw materials to acquire the consistency of sour cream, that is, ¼ part of the amount of dry ingredients.

Step-by-step instructions for making your own hands

If it is planned to make a rocket furnace from a gas cylinder, then you can not be afraid of difficulties. The steps to create equipment from such construction materials are quite simple:

from a cylinder with a volume of 50 liters, the upper part is cut off in order to build a kind of cap;
The balloon is cut from the top and bottom
focusing on the instructions in the drawing, all parts of the product are welded to each other, that is, a gas cylinder, a pipe with a diameter of 10 cm (future chimney), a pipe with a diameter of 7 cm (internal channel) and another pipe with a diameter of 15 cm (firebox);
Dimensions are in mm
the space between the two pipes is filled with a material that retains heat, for example, sand, which has been thoroughly calcined, that is, cleaned of organic matter;
to give the structure stability, the legs are welded.

To build a rocket stove with a stove bench, which implies the use of bricks, you need to act differently:

The zone for arranging the firebox is deepened by removing 10 cm of soil. The combustion chamber is formed from fireclay bricks. Formwork is created along the contour of the structure being manufactured. To make the base strong, it is recommended to lay reinforcement mesh or metal rods in it;
The platform will harden in about two days
The structure is poured with liquid concrete. Then they wait for the solution to harden and finish the work. The bricks are laid in a solid line, creating a platform for the oven. After that, the walls of the structure are formed, exposing several rows of brick blocks;
The lower channel of the structure is equipped, while one line of bricks is laid across to block the combustion chamber. The blocks are placed, leaving the vertical channel and the opening of the firebox open;
The two sectors of the furnace at this stage of construction must be open
They find a body from an old boiler and cut off the top and bottom covers on it. At the bottom of the resulting pipe, a flange is installed through which a horizontal heat exchanger will pass. Parts are required to be connected to each other with a continuous weld;
Work requires accuracy
An outlet pipe is inserted into the barrel, after which they take a brush for metal and scrape off rust from the walls of the container. The cleaned barrel is treated with a primer, and a little later - with a paint that is resistant to high temperatures;
The horizontal chimney is welded to a side outlet - the future ash pan. To facilitate its cleaning, a sealed flange is mounted;
The fire tube is laid out from refractory bricks. At the same time, a channel with a height and width of 18 cm is formed inside the structure. In doing this, they constantly use the building level, which allows you to control the verticality of the product;
The height of the pipe is determined in advance
The flame tube is covered with a protective casing, and the resulting gaps are sealed with perlite. The lower area of the vertical channel is sealed with wet clay, the function of which is to prevent the insulation material from spilling onto the floor;
A fuel tank is formed from the boiler, on which the top and bottom have been cut. A handle must be welded to it;
To improve the look, the structure is treated with adobe putty, consisting of sawdust and raw clay. The first component of the composition serves in the same way as crushed stone in concrete, that is, it prevents cracking of the furnace walls. It is recommended to apply adobe putty over the perlite backfill;
They create the facade of the stove, for which the stove contour is laid out of stone, bricks, adobe and sand. The seamy side of the structure is filled with crushed stone, and the front side is filled with adobe mixture, which makes the surface perfectly flat;
A casing made of a metal barrel is placed on the previously created base. The lower branch pipe of the container is directed towards the bed. The bottom of the structure is treated with raw clay, which will ensure its tightness;
A channel from a corrugated pipe is brought to the combustion chamber. It will serve as a link between the firebox and the outside atmosphere;
At this stage, the oven looks almost complete.
Carry out a test kindling of the furnace, watching how the gases are removed from the horizontal chimney. After that, the pipes of the heat exchanger are connected to the lower branch pipe mounted on a red brick platform;
The stove is supplemented with a smoke exhaust pipe. The junction of the chimney and the heat generator is sealed with a refractory coating and an asbestos cord;
Using clay and adobe, the couch is given the desired shape. Only the horizontal section of the structure is left unsealed, which will then be used during cooking.
The oven functions as a complete system

Improvement of the design

A couch with a gas flue inside is not the only option for modernizing the rocket furnace. The design can be improved with a water jacket connected to a heating system in which water is circulated. It is desirable to give this part of the structure the appearance of a coil created from a copper pipe twisting on a chimney.

This design gives even more warmth.

Another way to improve the reactive furnace is associated with the organization of the flow of heated secondary air into the fire tube. This will increase the efficiency of the heat generator, but will lead to the deposition of a large amount of soot in the primary chimney. Therefore, it is best to make sure that the drum cover can be removed if necessary.

Subtleties of operation of an unconventional furnace

The rocket furnace is heated by analogy with the upper combustion heat generator. It turns out that the kindling of equipment called a rocket should be carried out according to certain rules:

the main raw material for the furnace of the unit should be laid only after a good heating of the structure, for which, first, sawdust or paper is placed in the blowing sector and set on fire;
they must react to muffling the hum emanating from the furnace - they put a large batch of fuel into the combustion chamber, which will ignite on its own from the red-hot remnants of sawdust;
the process is closely monitored, that is, after laying the firewood, the damper is fully opened, and after a while, when the equipment makes a hum, it is covered to obtain a sound similar to rustling;
as necessary, the shutter is closed more and more, otherwise the firebox will fill with an excess volume of air, which will disrupt pyrolysis inside the flame tube and lead to the creation of a strong hum.

Since the jet furnace was originally designed for use in the field, its design is extremely simple. This allows an ordinary home craftsman to cope with the manufacture of the unit. But, despite the apparent lightness, the rocket furnace is supposed to be assembled, taking into account the correct ratio of parameters. Otherwise, the equipment will turn out to be unproductive.

Ksenia Zubkova
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Source: //legkovmeste.ru/stroitelstvo-i-remont/otoplenie/reaktivnaya-pech-svoimi-rukami.html

Do-it-yourself rocket oven - instructions!

Unfortunately, in our country almost no one knows about the rocket oven. Meanwhile, such a design is extremely useful in a number of cases due to the almost complete absence of soot during operation and a high combustion temperature.

Reactive furnace

Rocket furnace

Today we will talk about how a do-it-yourself rocket oven is made.

Principle of operation

Hot gases instead of a chimney fall into a special hood, where they burn out (hence the absence of soot). In this case, the temperature rises even more, and the pressure, on the contrary, decreases. The cycle is constantly repeated and soon the furnace goes to the combustion mode with maximum thrust (the force of the latter depends on the design features and the quality of installation).

Rocket furnace

The temperature in the bell can reach 1200ᵒC, as a result of which all waste is burned almost without residue, and the exhaust consists mainly of carbon dioxide and water vapor.

Note! Thanks to this, the chimney can be laid under the floor or through some kind of heating structure (a couch, for example, or a bench). What's more, the hot hood can be used for heating water, cooking food, drying fruit, etc.

Reactive furnaces

The benefits include:

high efficiency;
no soot;
high fever;
the possibility of using cones, damp branches, dry plant stems as fuel - almost everything burns at a temperature of 1200ᵒ;
low fuel consumption - about four times lower than the standard design.

Types of rocket furnaces

There are several types of rocket (or jet, as they are also called) ovens.

Portable structures made of tin containers (paint cans, buckets, etc.). Great helpers on a construction site or on a hike that can be crafted in just a few hours.
Furnaces made of refractory bricks and metal barrels for heating heat-consuming masses. They are distinguished by a horizontal chimney installed underground and an external riser to ensure draft.
Fully brick structures are used for air heating of the floor. Consist of several chimneys at once.

Note! Due to the complexity of the third option, this article will only consider the first two.

Making a reactive kiln from bricks and metal barrels

In this case, the work traditionally begins with the preparation of everything necessary.

Manufacturing a reactive furnace from a brick and a metal barrel, drawing

Stage 1. Materials and equipment

For construction you will need:

fireclay brick;
steel barrel for 200 l;
chimney pipe;
metal brush;
old barbecue;
fire resistant paint;
bayonet shovel;
expanded clay;
fittings;
adobe;
perlite;
cement mortar;
trowel. Making a reactive furnace from a brick and a metal barrel

Stage 2. Preparation

Step 1. In the floor, a pit is pulled out (if possible) with a depth of about 30-50 cm. This is necessary so that the level of the horizontal chimney does not rise too much.

Step 2. The steel barrel will serve as a lid for the oven. First, the barrel is fired and cleaned of soot with a metal brush, after which it is painted with refractory paint.

Note! The paint is applied only after the chimney outlet flange has been installed.

Stage 3. Foundation

Step 1. Formwork is being prepared for the future foundation.

Step 2. In the place where the firebox will be, several bricks go deep into the ground.

Step 3. Steel reinforcement is laid at the bottom.

Step 4. Bricks are laid around the lower point of the combustion chamber.

Step 5. The base is poured with concrete mortar.

Making a reactive kiln from bricks and metal barrels

Stage 4. Laying

After the solution has dried, you can start laying the rocket oven.

Note! To do this, only use refractory clay.

Step 1. On the first tier, the masonry rises up, leaving only an opening for the combustion chamber.

Step 2. At the second level, the lower furnace channel is formed.

Making a reactive kiln from bricks and metal barrels

Step 3. On the third, the channel is overlapped with masonry in such a way that there are two holes - for the combustion chamber and the vertical channel.

Note! After laying bricks, you can not cut them off - they still have to be hidden with adobe and expanded clay.

Step 4. Preparation for laying the vertical channel. In addition to the barrel itself, this will require an old water heater of about 150 liters.

A flange is built into the barrel for connecting the chimney. It is also advisable to install a tee for cleaning the chimney here.

Step 5. The ascending part of the structure is placed using the "boot" method. The internal section of this part should be approximately 18 cm.

Step 6. A piece of hot water is put on the ascending part, and the voids between the walls are filled with perlite. The upper part of the perlite is sealed with chamotte clay.

Step 7. The base of the furnace is covered with sandbags, the base of the casing is coated with clay. The voids between the bags and the body are filled with expanded clay, after which the base is finished with the same clay.

Step 8. The chimney is connected, an inverted steel barrel is put on the ascending part.

Step 9. A trial run of the furnace is carried out, after which the barrel is painted with fire-resistant paint.

Manufacturing a reactive furnace from a brick and a metal barrel, diagram

Stage 5. Chimney lining

Step 1. The chimney is lined with sandbags and covered with expanded clay.

Step 2. The structure is given the appropriate shape using fireclay clay.

Note! The rocket stove needs a lot of oxygen during operation, so it is recommended to run an air duct from the street.

All that remains is to install the old barbecue in the neck of the firebox and close it with a lid. The seams are filled with clay. That's it, the brick rocket oven is ready for use.

Stove stove, built on the principle of a rocket stove

Stove stove, built on the principle of a rocket oven, diagram

Stove stove, built on the principle of a rocket stove, foundation

Stove stove, built on the principle of a rocket stove, masonry

Making a camping-garden stove

In this design, as in the one described above, the principle of operation is to isolate the fire and direct heat energy to the right place.

Stage 1. Prepare everything you need

To prepare a portable rocket oven, you will need:

two tin containers of different diameters;
a pair of corners;
steel clamps ø10 cm;
stainless steel pipe for chimney;
fine crushed stone;
Bulgarian;
scissors for metal. Making a camping-garden oven for dishes From wire we bend the burner for dishes

Stage 2. Assembly of the structure

Step 1. A lid for the structure is made from a smaller bucket. To do this, a hole is made in it for the chimney (the lid is not removed at the same time). In this case, it is better to bend the "petals" inward - this way the pipe will be more securely fixed.

The lower half of the bucket is cut off with a grinder.

Step 2. A hole is cut at the bottom of the other container to connect the firebox. The tin is cut into "petals" with scissors and bent inward.

Step 3. The forward flow is assembled from a pipe and a pair of corners. The pipe is then inserted into the bucket and connected to the petals there with a steel clamp. That's it, the forward flow of the rocket furnace is ready.

Step 4. The space between the forward flow and the walls of the bucket is covered with fine gravel. The latter will perform two functions in the structure at once - thermal insulation and thermal accumulation.

Step 5. The second bucket (lid) is put on the jet oven.

Step 6. A cooking plate is bent from a steel wire.

Note! Instead of a hotplate, you can install three bricks.

Step 7. It remains only to paint the structure with heat-resistant paint (preferably gray or black). For melting, a direct flow outlet pipe will be used.

Reactive mini oven

Reactive mini-oven, kindling

Rules for the operation of rocket furnaces

Rocket furnaces, as well as other long-burning designs, need to be launched onto a warm pipe. And if for the second variant of the furnace this is not so important, then for the first a cold chimney will only lead to unnecessary combustion of fuel. For this reason, the structure needs preliminary heating - heating with sawdust, paper, etc.

It is also worth noting that the jet furnace is unable to self-adjust, so at first the blower opens completely, and is covered only after the structure begins to hum a lot. In the future, the access of oxygen gradually decreases.

About the rocket stove in the bath

Reactive wood stove with lounger

Many people were probably interested in the question - is it possible to use a jet oven in a bath? It would seem possible, because it is quite easy to equip a heater on a tire.

In reality, such a design is not suitable for a bath. For light steam, you first need to warm up the walls, and only then, after a while, the air. For the latter, the oven must be a hotbed of convection and heat radiation (IR). This is the problem - convection is clearly distributed in the rocket furnace, and the design does not provide for losses due to thermal radiation at all.

Do-it-yourself rocket oven

conclusions

Be that as it may, but today in the manufacture of rocket furnaces there is more intuition than real accurate calculations, therefore, this is an almost limitless field for creativity.

We also suggest that you familiarize yourself with the video instructions for making a rocket furnace.

- DIY jet oven

Source: //svoimi-rykami.ru/stroitelstvo-doma/pechi_i_mangaly/pech-raketa-svoimi-rukami.html

Do-it-yourself rocket furnace made of long-burning brick: drawing, instructions, photo

A rocket stove made of bricks of long burning, despite its simplicity of design, can solve a number of problems for owners of summer cottages and private houses. These include not only the functions of heating and cooking, but also the creation of an original interior and comfort in the room.

Principle of operation

During the thermal decomposition of solid organic fuel, gaseous substances are released, which also decompose and turn into wood gas in the process, which has a high level of heat transfer during combustion.

In conventional solid fuel stoves, wood gas goes into the pipe along with the gas, where it cools down and settles on the walls in the form of soot. In a rocket-type furnace, due to the horizontal channel, the gases move more slowly, do not have time to cool down, but burn out, giving off a large amount of heat.

In models of reactive heating devices of complex design, heated air and gas flows through a series of internal channels. Then they move to the upper part of the body, under the hob, where it burns completely. For such a rocket, there is no need for additional inflation. The draft in them is created at the expense of the chimney, and the longer its length, the more intense the ascending flow.

Principle of operation

In this diagram, the principle of operation of a rocket oven with a stove bench

Advantages and disadvantages

Long-term rocket furnaces have the following advantages:

high efficiency - at least 85%;
a high speed of heating the room - 50 m² will become warm in less than 1 hour;
the absence of soot - the exhaust during fuel combustion does not form soot, but is formed in the form of steam and carbon;
the ability to operate on any type of solid fuel;
low consumption - fuel consumption by a rocket stove is 4 - 5 times less than that of a conventional stove under the same conditions: the combustion time and heating temperature;
the possibility of arranging a warm bed;
the duration of heat retention in a well-heated structure without adding fuel - up to 12 hours.

Such a stove has many advantages, but there are also bad sides.

The disadvantages include:

manual way to control the heating device - fuel burns out quickly, and it needs to be reported regularly;
the high heating temperature of some structural elements threatens to burn the owners in case of accidental contact;
the heating rate does not allow the use of a rocket furnace for baths;
the aesthetic component of such a device is not suitable for every interior;
danger of carbon monoxide penetration into living rooms.

Materials (edit)

Do-it-yourself building materials for the construction of a furnace for long-burning rockets are selected depending on the calorific value of the fuel. For the masonry of the main body of the building, a simple red oven brick is usually used. The firebox and the furnace bunker are lined with fireclay bricks.

If you plan to use high-calorific fuel (for example, coal), then refractory bricks are used for the construction of almost all parts of the structure. Masonry elements are fastened with an aqueous solution of a mixture of sand and clay.

Regardless of the type of construction for a long-burning rocket furnace, you will need to buy furnace accessories:

blew;
grate grates;
furnace doors;
intermediate cap;
chimney pipe.

Instruments

To build a rocket-type furnace with your own hands, you need to prepare in advance a set of tools for work, which should consist of:

trowels for scooping and distributing mortar. It is more convenient to work with a tool with a handle slightly shifted to the side;
picks or hammer - picks for cutting off individual parts of the brick;
grinders with a diamond disc for cutting solid blocks into quarters and halves;
mallets with a rubber tip for leveling bricks in masonry;
twisted cord - mooring;
building level;
square and tape measure;
shovels.

You also need to stock up on two containers for the preparation of mortar, concrete and a metal mesh for sifting the ingredients.

How to do it yourself?

Before making a rocket furnace, it is necessary to decide on the place of its installation, on the dimensions of the future structure, to develop a scheme. The technology of the masonry itself is quite simple, any novice builder can master it.

The simplest design of a rocket oven can be built from 20 bricks at a summer cottage and used to heat food brought from home.

Seat selection

Before starting construction, first of all, they choose a place. It is recommended to place rocket-type brick ovens closer to the front door. In this case, the ash after cleaning will not need to be carried across the entire room, which will have a positive effect on the overall dustiness of the room.

It is also desirable that at the exit point of the pipe there are no rafters located closer than 40 cm to the chimney. And yet, the stove should not adjoin the outer wall of the house so that expensive heat does not go to heating the street.

Preparation of the solution

The cement mortar under the influence of high temperatures quickly cracks, therefore, only a mortar consisting of clay and sand is used for laying brick heating devices.

Their proportions are determined experimentally, depending on the quality of the clay. Most often in a ratio of 1: 2 or 1: 3, and the higher the fat content of the clay, the less it is added to the solution.

First, the clay must be soaked, filtered, and then sand is added. The resulting solution should be like thick sour cream in consistency. You can check the level of its viscosity in the following way:

place a wooden stick or trowel handle in the mixture;
take out the tool and shake well;
check the thickness of the adhered layer: if less than 2 mm add clay, more than 3 mm add sand.

The preparation of the mortar must be approached with all responsibility, since only a plastic mixture of the required density can fill in all the irregularities of the bricks and ensure their strong adhesion.

Rocket kiln masonry with 20 bricks

Rocket furnace ordering for 20 bricks

An example of a brick rocket stove

Rocket oven masonry with a stove bench

A brick rocket oven, even equipped with a stove bench, is small in size. The order presented in the figures (below) allows you to assemble the structure without the use of metal products. Only the doors will be iron. Subsequently, the body can be coated with clay to give it a more rounded shape.

Row number	Number of bricks, pcs.	Description of masonry	Drawing
1	62	Forming the base of the furnace	(click to enlarge)
2	44	Formation of the base of channels for heating the bench along the entire structure. Fastening mortgages for mounting a cast-iron door
3	44	Repetition of the contour of the second row
4	59	Full channel overlap. The beginning of the formation of the vertical smoke channel and furnace
5	60	Erection of a couch	(click to enlarge)
6	17	Continuation of the laying of the smoke channel
7	18
8	14
9; 10	14	Formation of a smoke channel	(click to enlarge)
11	13
12	11	Beginning of laying the chimney. From here begins the channel through which the air from the hob will go down to move to the stove
13	10	The end of the formation of the surface for the hob. Laying an asbestos gasket that is covered with sheet steel.	(click to enlarge)
14; 15	5	Closing the chimney and forming a low wall between the stove bench and the hob.

After the completion of the masonry work, the homemade rocket oven must be dried, carefully, making low-intensity heating. First, no more than 20% of the firewood norm is put into the firebox, and the device is heated twice a day for 30 - 40 minutes.

According to this scheme, the stove is heated until its outer surface is cleaned of damp spots. It may take from three to eight days to dry, depending on the size of the device. During this time, the room should be well ventilated, especially in the summer.

Acceleration of drying can lead to cracking of the masonry, that is, the device will become unsuitable for further heating.

Finished view

It is only necessary to launch a brick rocket furnace with a warm chimney. For a small device, this property is not so important, and a larger stove for a cold pipe only uses firewood in vain.

Therefore, before loading the fuel rate after a long break in operation, the rocket must be heated with paper, dry shavings, straw, etc., placing them in a blower with an open door. When the hum in the stove lowers the tonality or dies down, then you can load all the fuel into the furnace, it should ignite by itself from the already existing fire.

A rocket stove with a stove bench is not a fully self-regulating device for external conditions and fuel energy efficiency. Therefore, at the beginning of the firebox with the standard amount of fuel, the blower door is left in the open position. After the stove starts humming strongly, it is closed to a position where the sound made is barely audible.

Only dry wood can be used to warm up the stove, wet wood will not allow the stove to warm up to the desired temperature, which can lead to back draft.

Output

A brick reactive stove is becoming an increasingly popular heating device for small buildings, both temporary and permanent residence. This is explained by the simplicity of execution, the cheapness of the material, the duration of the autonomous operation and the high heat transfer of this design.

Despite such a loud name, the rocket furnace, of course, has nothing to do with rocket and space technology. And it doesn't run on jet fuel at all. The stove got this name for a stream of flame escaping from the upper pipe of camping structures and a sound reminiscent of the roar of an engine.

Let's clarify right away that the stove will emit a strong sound only in case of violation of the operating rules - the roar of the engine is obtained when excess air enters the firebox. The rocket furnace will normally make a quiet rustle. It runs on wood and other fuels and is highly efficient.

The rocket stove came to us from the USA and is still little known even to professional stove-makers, although it definitely deserves attention.

The principle of the rocket furnace:

Direct burning. Fuel gases flow freely through the channels of the furnace without being induced by the draft, which is created by the chimney.
Flue gases, which are always emitted when burning wood, are burned out. This is called pyrolysis.

The simplest jet furnace will consist of two pipes, one of which runs horizontally and the other upward. You can use one bent pipe if you have the opportunity, otherwise welding is applied.

The fuel in the rocket furnace is put directly into the pipe. In this case, the hot gases will tend to go upward, along the vertical section. At the cut of the pipe, you can place a container that will be used for cooking or boiling water. It is imperative that a gap remains between the tank and the pipe so that the combustion products can freely go out.

What else you need to know about the jet furnace:

It is both a cooking and heating one.
It is quite possible to equip the "rocket" with a stove bench, approximately as in a Russian stove, but such a design will be much less cumbersome.
The operating time on one fuel fill in the rocket furnace is about six hours, and it keeps heat up to 12 hours if the metal structure is finished with adobe plaster.
Initially, the rocket furnace was intended for use in nature, in the field. Portable metal structures still occupy the first place in popularity, but stationary furnaces have appeared, working on the same principle, made of brick or clay.

Pros of the rocket oven:

The simplicity of the design itself, which you can do yourself, the materials are available.
Ability to use a variety of fuels. In such a furnace, even low-quality fuel, damp thin branches and so on will burn.
Energy independence.
High efficiency of work, less fuel consumption.

Cons of a jet oven:

It will have to be controlled manually. The combustion process must be constantly monitored and regulated.
Some elements of the rocket furnace can be very hot, especially for the simplest metal structures. That is, there is a great danger of burns when touched, you should be especially careful not to let children near the rocket stove.
It will not work to use a stove of such a design in a bath, since it simply is not able to quickly heat the room to the desired temperature.

Now you can find the simplest schemes for how to fold a rocket furnace of 20 bricks with your own hands without mortar in just three minutes anywhere. The first row will be solid, with a horizontal projection, the second - with a hole above the projection for storing fuel, the other three rows will be a pipe. It will be warm, you can just put a cauldron or a saucepan on top.

However, in more sophisticated and efficient versions, the flue gases are passed under the stove bench, for example, through special channels. The second option is to install a water circuit on a simple rocket furnace.

These are examples of the biodesign of stoves operating on the "rocket" principle, but much more sophisticated and modernized ones, with stove benches. The construction of such clay furnaces is carried out by the German company Lehm und Feuer.

We state that the rocket oven has many advantages, including ease of installation, the ability to use it in the field or in the summer in the yard for cooking various dishes on live fire. You just need to understand the principles of operation and design features.

The simplest solutions for organizing heating a private house will always be popular, especially among home craftsmen. These include a wood-fired rocket stove, which can be made by hand without significant financial costs. The heater is quite interesting and deserves special attention. Consider the principle of operation of a rocket furnace, advantages with disadvantages and methods of manufacturing at home.

How Rocket Furnace Works

Remarkably, the so-called rocket or jet furnace actually has nothing to do with jet thrust, much less space flights. This popular name arose for 2 reasons: due to some similarity of the operating unit to an inverted rocket and due to the humming sound. True, it appears in a certain mode and indicates too much air supplied to the firebox.

Important. A mode in which the rocket hums or even roars violently is ineffective and uneconomical. During normal operation of the stove, only a quiet rustling sound is heard.

At the moment there are 2 types of jet wood stoves:

portable;
stationary (heating).

"Robinson" camp stove with folding tripod fits easily into a backpack

The simplest portable modification of the rocket-type stove is serially produced under the name "Robinson" and is intended for heating water and cooking food in field conditions. Using her example, it is easiest to understand the principle of operation of the unit. In fact, it is a pipe in the form of an inverted "L", as shown in the diagram:

How the rocket oven works:

Firewood is inserted into the horizontal part of the pipe, which serves as a receiving hopper for fuel, and is set on fire from the side of the vertical section.
Natural draft occurs inside the L-shaped channel due to the temperature difference between the incoming air flow and the outgoing flue gases.
The combustion intensity of the rocket furnace increases as the body warms up, so it is necessary to restrict the air supply. Otherwise, the wood will burn out in vain very quickly - all the heat will fly out into the pipe.

The principle of operation of the so-called jet furnace is to use the energy of the ascending flow of combustion products. The higher the temperature of the walls of the firebox, the more intensively the wood burns, and the flame becomes more powerful.

Due to the resulting natural draft, a simple steel Robinson stove heats up a large container of water in a matter of ten minutes. And if you make the vertical section insulated, as shown in the diagram, then after warming up, you will be able to burn rather thick logs.

Stationary oven version

Stationary rocket furnaces, made by hand for heating a house, are equipped with a special hood to preserve the heat of flue gases and then transfer it to the room. In this case, the general picture of wood burning is somewhat different. With a limited supply of primary air and combustion of fuel, pyrolysis gases begin to evolve. They are burned out in the lower part of the vertical pipe, where the secondary air is supplied through a separate channel.

The stationary rocket stove does not differ in principle from the portable one, only the flue gases are discharged through the hood and the stove into the chimney

Note. In this regard, a wood-burning stove is a long-burning rocket, only it does not use a fan for forced air injection.

The incandescent products of combustion, rising under the hood, begin to cool, after which they descend in the space between the walls and enter the chimney duct. In this case, 3 forces act on gases:

Gravity It causes colder and heavier gases to descend and be directed towards the exit to the chimney.
Pressure of new combustion products coming from the firebox with a higher temperature.
Natural chimney draft force.

The sum of these three forces makes it possible to attach arbitrary-shaped smoke channels to the rocket-type stove, just to take away more heat. In practice, this is used to make a heated bed from a rocket stove, as shown in the diagram:

Note. There is another way to prevent the release of heat together with the flue gases to the outside. To do this, a chimney is made from a rocket furnace with a water jacket and two nozzles that are attached to.

A stationary "rocket" can be made of metal, add a hob and a heat exchanger to heat water for heating

About the advantages and disadvantages

The so-called jet stove is the cheapest option for a heating device in a private house. In this respect, she is unmatched. Moreover, a good master is able to make a brick stove in such a way that it will look pretty decent in the interior of the room. In fact, only the protruding metal cap and the fuel chamber cover will have to be improved. The rest of the unit, together with the gas ducts, will be hidden from view.

Homemade rocket ovens are definitely not super-efficient, and in general, this figure largely depends on the homeowner himself. If you constantly burn raw wood, then there will be little sense from this. As well as there is no point in trying to achieve a "roaring" mode from the heat generator, mistakenly believing that it is the best. Here it is necessary to limit the air supply manually, as is done in long-burning heaters.

There is only 1 way to supply a jet stove with a water circuit - to install a heat exchanger on the chimney and connect it to a heat accumulator or directly to heating batteries

Many stoves, including rocket ones, suffer from the loss of useful heat through the chimney, so in this case it does not hurt to attach a water circuit to the gas flue pipe, as mentioned above. Well, a large amount of heat will allow the bed to be taken away, although you will have to work hard to arrange it. The rest of the negative aspects of the rocket look like this:

The unit requires constant supervision and manual control, since there is no automation in it.
Firewood should be loaded quite often.
The metal hood heats up to a temperature that burns a person upon touch. It is dangerous for young children.

Note. Homemade rocket-type stoves are not suitable for heating a bath, since in normal operating conditions they are unable to generate a large amount of heat in a short period of time.

The easiest way is to make a small portable oven with your own hands - the Robinson rocket, whose drawing is presented below. You will need trimming of profile pipes, metal for the legs and stand, as well as welding skills. Moreover, compliance with the exact dimensions indicated in the drawing is not necessary. You can take pipes of a different section, only you need to reduce or increase them proportionally so that the parts dock with each other.

Drawing of the improved camping stove "Robinson" with nozzles from a profile pipe, cut lengthwise into 2 parts

Note. Please note that the drawing shows a design improved by our expert. As befits a rocket, improvised nozzles are attached to it, where secondary air for afterburning enters, entering the pipe through a series of holes. Due to this modernization, the combustion intensity increases markedly. For more information on the operation of a compact wood-burning stove, see the video:

The most common variants of large rocket furnaces are made from a gas cylinder or a 200 liter metal barrel. It must be understood that these ready-made elements are used as an outer cap, and the internal parts of the stove must be made from pipes of a smaller diameter or laid out from fireclay bricks. Moreover, from a cylinder, you can make both a stationary heater with a small stove bench, and a unit that can be moved.

Please note that it is rather difficult to calculate the thermal power of a rocket-type furnace; there is no single calculation method. It is easier to rely on ready-made drawings of already working samples and perform assembly on them. You just need to compare the dimensions of the future stove with the dimensions of the heated room. For example, to heat a small room, the size of a cylinder is enough; in other cases, it is better to take a large barrel. The selection of internal parts for them is shown in the diagram:

2 options for stoves - from a gas cylinder and a standard iron barrel

Balloon rocket furnace

In addition to the gas cylinder itself, to assemble the stove you will need:

profile pipe 150 x 150 mm for the firebox and the loading hopper;
steel pipes with a diameter of 70 and 150 mm will go to the inner vertical channel;
the same with a diameter of 100 mm to the chimney;
insulation (basalt fiber with a density of at least 100 kg / m³);
sheet metal 3 mm thick.

For a master who owns welding, this work will not present any particular difficulty. At the cylinder, the upper part should be cut off along the seam, after having unscrewed the valve and filled it to the top with water. On the sides, on both sides, openings are cut out for installing a firebox and cutting in a chimney. The profile tube is inserted and connected to a vertical channel that is led out through the bottom of the cylinder. Further work on the manufacture of the rocket furnace is carried out in accordance with the drawing:

At the end, the upper part must be welded into place, then carefully check all the seams for permeability so that air does not enter the furnace uncontrollably. After that, you can connect the chimney with a water jacket (if any) and start testing.

Important. To create sufficient draft, the top of the pipe should be raised above the level of the firebox to a height of 4 m.

Brick masonry rocket-type heater

This version of the stove will require the cost of purchasing fireclay bricks, ordinary ceramic for a rocket stove will not work. The masonry is carried out on a fireclay mortar, it is also sold as a ready-made building mixture. How to make a stationary rocket furnace:

First, you need to dig a hole, tamp the bottom and fill the foundation with dimensions of 1200 x 400 mm and a height of 100 mm, as shown in the photo.
After hardening, the foundation is covered with a sheet of basalt cardboard and the laying of the combustion chamber, the bunker for loading firewood and the vertical channel is carried out. A door for cleaning the ash pan is installed from the end of the combustion chamber.
After the clay has dried, the pit is filled up, and a pre-selected pipe or small barrel with a diameter of 450 mm is put on the vertical channel. The gap between the brickwork and the pipe walls is filled with refractory insulation, for example, basalt wool, expanded clay, vermiculite.
At the last stage, a cap made of a large metal barrel with a diameter of 600 mm is put on the structure. Previously, a cutout is made in its upper part and a branch pipe is installed to connect the chimney. When the barrel turns over, he will just be at the bottom.

Further - a matter of technology, you can bring the chimney out immediately or build another stove bench with chimneys. For this purpose, ordinary ceramic bricks and clay-sand mortar will already work. The order of the brickwork of a rocket furnace with a small stove bench is shown in detail in the video:

Conclusion

Of course, a wood-fired rocket oven is not the height of perfection and is attractive only because of its simplicity and cheapness. And to fit it into the interior of a dwelling is another task. Hence the conclusion that such a heat source can be built somewhere in the country or in a temporary hut, where people do not stay constantly. The heater is not afraid of long breaks between firing up, but warms up quickly enough. This unit is not suitable for heating a large residential building or a bath; other solutions are needed here.

Description, advantages and disadvantages of the rocket furnace

The flame from the jet furnace may burst

The advantages of the rocket furnace include:

independence from fuel energy;
simplicity of design, consisting of available parts, connected in minutes;
the ability to provide a lot of heat, despite the quality of the loaded fuel.

The jet furnace also has some disadvantages:

manual control, which implies constant monitoring of equipment operation;
danger of getting burned, because the walls of the equipment become extremely hot;
inexpediency of using in a bath, since it will not be possible to warm it up.

Views

The unit, which emits a rocket hum during operation, happens:

portable (a unit made of metal pipes, buckets or a gas cylinder);
Portable rocket furnaces are mass-produced by the industry
stationary (made of fireclay bricks and metal containers);
Such a unit is more difficult to build than a metal oven.
equipment for heating air with a couch.
The bed is equipped behind the rear wall of the oven

Portable structures are made in large batches, because they are used for hiking. The basis of these heat generators is a pipe made up of several sections. True, such designs, unlike units based on fireclay bricks, are not reliable. The walls of the refractory blocks increase the heat transfer from the reactive furnace. If desired, you can add a couch or bed decorated with clay or sawdust to it.

Details and operation of a reactive heat generator

An elementary rocket furnace is a device of two pieces of pipe connected by a 90-degree bend. The combustion chamber in this heat generator is usually a zone in the horizontal part of the structure. But sometimes the fuel is put into the vertical section of the apparatus, for which the rocket furnace is constructed from two pipes of different lengths, mounted vertically and connected by a common horizontal channel.

Primary and secondary air flows through the furnace

The operation of a jet furnace is based on two actions: the unhindered passage of wood gases through the pipe and the afterburning of gases generated during the combustion of fuel. Chips and firewood are placed in the furnace of this heat generator after a highly flammable material like paper has ignited there. A container with water or other contents is placed on the open section of the pipe. At the same time, a small space is left between the structure and the installed container, which is necessary to create traction.

The processes taking place inside a stationary jet furnace resemble the work of pyrolysis heating units.

Calculation of parameters (tables)

The volume of the stove should be determined with knowledge of the matter, because it is he who affects the power and the amount of heat generated by the heating equipment. When calculating the dimensions of jet heating equipment, use the indicator of the inner diameter of the drum D, the value of which can fluctuate within 300-600 mm. You also need to know the cross-sectional area of the drum. To determine this indicator of the rocket furnace, you should use the formula: S = 3.14 * D ^ 2/4.

The main dimensions of the jet furnace are shown in the table:

Parameter	Meaning
Drum height H	1.5D to 2D
The height of the heat-insulating coating of the drum	2 / 3H
Drum insulation thickness	1 / 3D
Cross-sectional area of the primary chimney	From 0.045S to 0.065S (optimal - from 0.05S to 0.06S). The higher the primary chimney, the better.
Minimum clearance between the top edge of the primary flue and the drum cover	70 mm. At a lower value, the aerodynamic resistance of the gap for gases passing through it will be excessively large.
Flame tube length and area	Length and area of the primary chimney
Blower sectional area	Half of the cross-sectional area of the primary chimney
Cross-sectional area of the external chimney	1.5S to 2S
The thickness of the adobe cushion under the flue with a stove bench	50–70 mm (if there are wooden planks under the bench - from 25 to 35 mm)
The height of the coating above the gas duct with a stove bench	150 mm. It is not recommended to reduce it, otherwise the stove will accumulate less heat.
External chimney height	not less than 4 m

Particular importance is attached to the length of the flue with the stove bench. The maximum permissible indicators are shown in the table:

The volume of the secondary ash chamber is also an important indicator, depending on the volume of the drum and the primary chimney.

D (diameter)	Volume
300 mm	0.1x (Vk - Vpd)	Where Vk is the volume of the drum, Vpd is the volume of the primary chimney.
600 mm	0.05x (Vk - Vpd)

Construction raw materials for the construction of a custom kiln

The production of jet heating equipment will require:

barrels with a volume of 200 liters and a diameter of 0.6 meters, an empty bottle of liquefied gas or tin buckets to build a furnace drum;
square or round pipes made of steel with a thickness of 2-3 mm, which are needed to create a blower, combustion chamber and primary chimney;
fireclay crushed stone and kiln clay as heat-insulating materials;
adobe, which serves as an outer coating layer;
fireclay bricks;
sand from the bottom of the river;
cuts of zinc-coated steel or aluminum sheets for the manufacture of lids and doors;
asbestos or basalt cardboard, performing the tasks of a compactor.

Of the tools for the construction of a rocket furnace, you will need a welding machine. And if you plan to make heating equipment out of bricks, then you will have to take:

Master OK;
mortar blade;
hammer pick;
jointing;
acute-angled sledgehammer;
level;
plumb line;
roulette.

Preparation for the assembly of heating equipment

When choosing a place for a rocket stove, they are guided by some rules:

reactive heating equipment is placed only in a room with an area of at least 16 m²;
installation of equipment will be easier without floorboards under the oven;
it is forbidden to place wood beams over a structure that gives heat;
if it is assumed that the chimney will go through the ceiling, then the heating equipment is placed in the middle of the house;
the heat generator cannot be installed near the outer contour of the house, otherwise the room will lose heated air;
it is forbidden to place the jet device near the walls and partitions of their wooden materials.

The oven stands on a special platform that protects the floor from high temperatures.

Step-by-step instructions for making your own hands

If it is planned to make a rocket furnace from a gas cylinder, then you can not be afraid of difficulties. The steps to create equipment from such construction materials are quite simple:

from a cylinder with a volume of 50 liters, the upper part is cut off in order to build a kind of cap;
The balloon is cut from the top and bottom
focusing on the instructions in the drawing, all parts of the product are welded to each other, that is, a gas cylinder, a pipe with a diameter of 10 cm (future chimney), a pipe with a diameter of 7 cm (internal channel) and another pipe with a diameter of 15 cm (firebox);
Dimensions are in mm
the space between the two pipes is filled with a material that retains heat, for example, sand, which has been thoroughly calcined, that is, cleaned of organic matter;
to give the structure stability, the legs are welded.

To build a rocket stove with a stove bench, which implies the use of bricks, you need to act differently:

The zone for arranging the firebox is deepened by removing 10 cm of soil. The combustion chamber is formed from fireclay bricks. Formwork is created along the contour of the structure being manufactured. To make the base strong, it is recommended to lay reinforcement mesh or metal rods in it;
The platform will harden in about two days
The structure is poured with liquid concrete. Then they wait for the solution to harden and finish the work. The bricks are laid in a solid line, creating a platform for the oven. After that, the walls of the structure are formed, exposing several rows of brick blocks;
The lower channel of the structure is equipped, while one line of bricks is laid across to block the combustion chamber. The blocks are placed, leaving the vertical channel and the opening of the firebox open;
The two sectors of the furnace at this stage of construction must be open
They find a body from an old boiler and cut off the top and bottom covers on it. At the bottom of the resulting pipe, a flange is installed through which a horizontal heat exchanger will pass. Parts are required to be connected to each other with a continuous weld;
Work requires accuracy
An outlet pipe is inserted into the barrel, after which they take a brush for metal and scrape off rust from the walls of the container. The cleaned barrel is treated with a primer, and a little later - with a paint that is resistant to high temperatures;
The horizontal chimney is welded to a side outlet - the future ash pan. To facilitate its cleaning, a sealed flange is mounted;
The fire tube is laid out from refractory bricks. At the same time, a channel with a height and width of 18 cm is formed inside the structure. In doing this, they constantly use the building level, which allows you to control the verticality of the product;
The height of the pipe is determined in advance
The flame tube is covered with a protective casing, and the resulting gaps are sealed with perlite. The lower area of the vertical channel is sealed with wet clay, the function of which is to prevent the insulation material from spilling onto the floor;
A fuel tank is formed from the boiler, on which the top and bottom have been cut. A handle must be welded to it;
To improve the look, the structure is treated with adobe putty, consisting of sawdust and raw clay. The first component of the composition serves in the same way as crushed stone in concrete, that is, it prevents cracking of the furnace walls. It is recommended to apply adobe putty over the perlite backfill;
They create the facade of the stove, for which the stove contour is laid out of stone, bricks, adobe and sand. The seamy side of the structure is filled with crushed stone, and the front side is filled with adobe mixture, which makes the surface perfectly flat;
A casing made of a metal barrel is placed on the previously created base. The lower branch pipe of the container is directed towards the bed. The bottom of the structure is treated with raw clay, which will ensure its tightness;
A channel from a corrugated pipe is brought to the combustion chamber. It will serve as a link between the firebox and the outside atmosphere;
At this stage, the oven looks almost complete.
Carry out a test kindling of the furnace, watching how the gases are removed from the horizontal chimney. After that, the pipes of the heat exchanger are connected to the lower branch pipe mounted on a red brick platform;
The stove is supplemented with a smoke exhaust pipe. The junction of the chimney and the heat generator is sealed with a refractory coating and an asbestos cord;
Using clay and adobe, the couch is given the desired shape. Only the horizontal section of the structure is left unsealed, which will then be used during cooking.
The oven functions as a complete system

Improvement of the design

This design gives even more warmth.

Subtleties of operation of an unconventional furnace

The rocket furnace is heated by analogy with the upper combustion heat generator. It turns out that the kindling of equipment called a rocket should be carried out according to certain rules:

the main raw material for the furnace of the unit should be laid only after a good heating of the structure, for which, first, sawdust or paper is placed in the blowing sector and set on fire;
they must react to muffling the hum emanating from the furnace - they put a large batch of fuel into the combustion chamber, which will ignite on its own from the red-hot remnants of sawdust;
the process is closely monitored, that is, after laying the firewood, the damper is fully opened, and after a while, when the equipment makes a hum, it is covered to obtain a sound similar to rustling;
as necessary, the shutter is closed more and more, otherwise the firebox will fill with an excess volume of air, which will disrupt pyrolysis inside the flame tube and lead to the creation of a strong hum.

For lovers of country trips, inveterate fishermen and summer residents, a compact-sized mobile stove that easily fits into the trunk of a car will become indispensable. More recently, small collapsible ovens have appeared on the market, which have a very eloquent name "Robinson". It is quite possible to make a robinson oven with your own hands, especially since in this case it will cost even much cheaper than the finished version. The advantage of self-manufacturing of this device is the possibility of upgrading, which will expand its capabilities.

It should be noted that stationary stoves for home and garden can be made on the basis of this simple design, so it can be called universal. If the goal is to independently manufacture a mobile oven of the "Robinson" type, then it is worth considering what configurations it can have, and only after that decide on the choice of model.

The design and principle of operation of the furnace

The Robinson stove has a so-called rocket design, and on the basis of which many models have been created, significantly differing from each other in size and even in functionality.

Conventional ones consist of a firebox connected to a chimney. The fuel hopper can be arranged horizontally, vertically or at an angle, connected directly to the chimney, or have a horizontal pipe section between these two elements, which lengthens the path of heated air and creates an additional heated surface.

This diagram shows different options for the location of the rocket furnace:

1 - The vertical firebox is connected to the chimney with a piece of pipe, which lengthens the path of hot air from the firebox to the outlet. The connecting section can be used as a hob.

2 - The vertical firebox, located next to the pipe, allows the entire structure to heat up quickly enough.

3 - The furnace, fixed to the pipe at an angle, makes it more convenient to insert fuel.

4 - Two vertical furnaces located on the sides of a pipe with a larger cross-section. This design will help to heat the container with the contents much faster, installed on top of a special stand.

All rocket furnaces work roughly the same way. It consists in the fact that during the primary combustion of the fuel stored in the bunker-firebox, the resulting gases, which have a significant energy potential, are burned out in the vertical section of the pipe. For this, a special channel of secondary air was made, which provides its supply, a kind of "suction", directly to the base of the vertical pipe. That is, in this regard, the rocket furnace resembles work in a certain way. As a result, at the exit from the oven, in the upper part of it, the maximum temperature is reached, which can be used for heating water or cooking.

On top of the pipe, in the simplest configuration of the oven, a stationary or removable nozzle is mounted - for installing a container with water or other utensils.

The big advantage of a rocket furnace is its cost-effectiveness, since a large amount of fuel is not needed at all to achieve the desired result. In order for it to function well, a handful of dry chips or even dry grass is often enough.

Video: demonstration of the capabilities of the "Robinson" marching rocket furnace

The rocket stove, installed for space heating, works on the same principle. This design has been known since ancient times, and was traditional in the homes of many eastern peoples.

With the help of these stoves, they not only heated the room - their warm couch was used as heated sleeping places.

By the way, in our time, too, they are in no hurry to abandon this design and use it for heating in private houses. In this model of the stove, the section of the chimney is significantly lengthened and passes under the entire stove bench, which transfers the heat of the combustion products. It turns out a kind of large "battery" of heating, capable of heating a fairly large area.

Another option for a rocket stove could be a small brick structure folded in a country house or in a garden area. Moreover, if it is laid out in the yard, as a temporary option, then the bricks do not even have to be fastened with mortar. The main thing is to observe the location of all its elements.

This stove model is often suggested in presentations by survival communities, which are quite common in, for example, North America. Such a furnace can be made in any given conditions. In extreme cases, ordinary stones found nearby are suitable for its arrangement, and large gaps between them can be sealed with ordinary earth.

A more complex, but also functional design, based on the same principle of operation, is a rocket stove-stove, which will become an indispensable assistant in the country or in a private house in the summer. The large surface of the stove will allow you to simultaneously cook several dishes or heat water, as well as save on electricity or other fuel, since in order for the stove to justify its purpose, even a large amount of firewood is not required.

The slab panel, hollow inside, passes incandescent gases through its entire space, which can heat it to very high temperatures. Then, the combustion products are discharged into the chimney located on the opposite side from the combustion hopper.

But such a portable version of a camping stove has a very small size, since it is made from an ordinary galvanized bucket, which is usually covered with heat-resistant paint on top.

Inside the bucket, a structure of two pipes is installed, welded together and performing the functions of a firebox and a chimney. The inner space of the bucket, between its walls and pipes, is filled with sand (in field conditions), or fine-grained expanded clay. This kind of "lining" will provide heating of the vertical pipe in order to actively burn the pyrolysis gases in it. Thanks to this "layer", significantly less fuel is required to cook food or warm water.

It is very important to calculate the correct gap that should form between the container support (in this case, made in the form of a lattice) and the pipe. Too large or small clearance will either reduce the heat transfer of the stove, or interfere with the normal combustion of gases.

The same can be done in the nth case, if you need a device for quickly heating a small amount of water, for example, for brewing tea in extreme or outdoor conditions. To do this, you can build a small stove from an ordinary metal can. In order to use it to boil water or at least warm up a little, you need only a handful of chips or even dried grass.

The presented photo clearly shows that making such a structure is not difficult at all. It is enough to have at hand two large metal cans, one of which will be used to make two tubes - vertical and horizontal, and the second will serve as an outer casing.

Such a "baby" will allow you to quickly warm up the water in extreme conditions

A stand for a container with water can be easily made from the bottom or lid of a can by cutting out the middle from it, then making cuts on the inside of the resulting circle, and bending them down in the form of legs. This stand fits perfectly on the edge of the can. The stand can also be made of steel wire by carefully bending several pieces and fastening them together.

Camping ovens like "Robinson"

Today on sale are various compact rocket-type camping stoves, which have different names, including "Robinson". However, an experienced craftsman, having looked at the device of such a device, will immediately understand its design and will be able to draw up a drawing, according to which it will be easy to manufacture.

It is clear that the manufacture of such furnaces will be available only to those home craftsmen who have the skills of plumbing and welding and have at their disposal advising equipment and tools.

Every good home owner should be familiar with welding technology!

In the everyday life of a private house, situations are very often encountered when it is very difficult to do without welding. It is not enough to have an apparatus - you need to have certain skills. We hope that a special article on our portal devoted to the basics will become a good self-study guide for beginners.

You need to know that all field stoves operating according to the principle described above have general parameters that must be taken into account when drawing up a drawing diagram, otherwise the structure may malfunction. These characteristic features include the following features:

The vertical pipe must have a height of at least twice the length of the combustion silo.
The height of the fuel hopper, installed vertically, should be approximately equal to the length of the horizontal connecting section of the furnace and the width of the furnace opening.
The best location of the combustion section will be to install it at an angle of 45 degrees, since the blowing gap is optimally located in it, and it is also convenient to put fuel in it.
It is recommended that the cross-section of the inlet of the fuel hopper is approximately equal to that of the vertical pipe.

The first option for a camping stove

Such a model of a camp stove is simple in design and manufacture and is very compact in size. It does not require a lot of materials, and it can be done in just a few hours.

The stove has one important design feature - its lower part, which acts as the bottom of the fuel chamber (grate), is made movable, so it can be pulled out, put on it the required amount and pushed into the combustion hopper. If the chips are long, then the extended grate can be used as a stand for laying them. In addition, the retractable grate makes periodical cleaning of the furnace much easier.

This model will require:

Name of materials	Dimensions (edit)	Quantity
Square pipe	150 × 150 × 3, 450 mm	1 PC.
	150 × 150 × 3, 300 mm	1 PC.
Steel strip	300 × 50 × 3 mm	4 things.
	140 × 50 × 3 mm	2 pcs.
Metal grill	300 × 140 mm	1 PC.
or a steel bar for making it	Ø 3 ÷ 5 mm	2.5 m

The work is carried out in stages and includes the following operations:

On blanks from square pipes, markings are made, since one of their edges must be cut off at an angle of 45 degrees. Then cuts are made by the "grinder".
The next step is to carefully weld the pipes together to form a kind of "boot".
In the upper part of the vertical pipe, at its corners or in the middle of each side, you need to make cuts 20 mm deep and 3.5 mm wide. A stand for containers will be installed in them.
Further, the stand itself is made. To do this, one of the 300 mm long strips is cut in half. On the second strip, you need to outline the middle and weld prepared segments to it on both sides to get the shape of a cross.
The frame of the pull-out device is welded from the two remaining strips and short sections of 140 mm in length. Here it is imperative to make a fitting and take into account that long strips should be welded not to the sides of short strips, but overlap with them.
On top of the finished frame, a finished grate or steel rods cut along the length of the frame with a distance of 10 mm from each other is grabbed by spot welding, they will act as a grate.
Then, on top of the pipe, a stand is installed under the container, and the grate is pushed into the combustion hopper. The finished oven can now be tested.
If the test activities are successful, then after the metal has cooled down, the furnace can be painted
Although not provided in this design, it is still recommended for the retractable frame, additionally weld the handle, which will help to more comfortably adjust its location.

The second version of the camp stove - "Antoshka"

This oven is a little more difficult to manufacture, as it has more elements. However, the work is still quite doable if everything is prepared for this.

Rocket stove model "Antoshka"

The convenience of this design lies in the fact that it provides an additional heated plane. For example, a container for cooking food can be installed on a stand located on a vertical pipe, and an additional plane fixed above the combustion hopper can be used to heat water at the same time.

To manufacture this model, you will need the following blanks:

Name of materials	Dimensions (edit)	Quantity
Square tube for the manufacture of a combustion silo	150 × 150 × 3 mm, length 450 mm	1 PC.
Square tube for the manufacture of the lower blast chamber	150 × 150 × 3 mm, length 180 mm	1 PC.
Square tube for vertical section of the furnace	100 × 100 × 3 mm, length 650 mm	1 PC.
Metal plate for the panel above the firebox	300 × 150 × 3 mm	1 PC.
Metal plate for closing the back of the combustion chamber tube	150 × 150 × 3 mm	1 PC.
Metal corner for stand	50 × 50 × 3, length 300 mm	1 PC.
	50 × 50 × 3, length 450 mm	1 PC.
Rebar or rod for corner stand	Ø 8 mm, length 300 mm	4 things.
Rebar or rod for grate	Ø 8 mm, length 170 mm	8 ÷ 9 pcs.
Triangular metal gussets for installing the hob	Steel 3 mm. The dimensions are adjusted exactly after the stove is assembled.	2 pcs.

A vertical pipe is marked, since its lower part must be cut at an angle of 30 degrees. A cut is made according to the marking.
Then a pipe intended for a combustion hopper is taken, and a 120 × 100 mm hole is marked and cut out in its rear upper plane. A hole is also cut out from the lower side of the combustion pipe, but already with a size of 150 × 150 mm - to connect this part of the furnace with the blowing chamber.
The next step is to weld the rear part of the furnace hopper with a prepared plate, and then pieces of metal rods are welded to the outside of the lower hole at a distance of 10 ÷ 12 mm from each other - this will be the furnace grate.
Next, you need to make a blower chamber. To do this, take a piece of square pipe with a size of 180 mm, and a cut is marked on it at an angle of 30 degrees so that the size of the blower is 100 × 180 mm. The part must have a bottom and side walls, and with the upper part it will be welded under the grate of the combustion hopper on three sides.
Now, for the comfortable carrying out of further work, the stove must be placed on supports, which are made of metal corners, welded to the back of the combustion and blower chambers.
The next step is to move on to work on the top of the oven. A vertical furnace tube is welded to the upper opening of the furnace. After that, the fitting of the top panel is made, and the angles of the triangles - supports are determined. Their configuration is drawn on paper and then transferred to a sheet of metal and cut out.
The triangles are mounted on a rib and welded to the vertical pipe and the "roof" of the brew hopper. The triangular elements, together with the top plate, will create a sealed space above the combustion hopper, thanks to which the metal panel will stay hot for a longer time.
Then, a 300 × 150 × 3 mm plate is tried on and welded to the front upper edge of the furnace hole, the installed triangles-supports and the vertical pipe.
Having finished with this part of the furnace, it remains only to weld the corners to the upper part of the vertical pipe, which act as a support for the containers. Prepared reinforcing bars 300 mm long must be bent at right angles so that they have the same sides. The corners must be welded to the four sides of the pipe, raising them to the same height, so that their upper edge is located above the plane of the vent of the vertical pipe at a height of about 30 ÷ 50 mm.
The design can then be tested and then painted with heat-resistant paint.

Robinson oven

The appliance purchased in the store does not have a door that allows you to regulate the intensity of the primary combustion in the firebox, and some home craftsmen repeat the factory Robinson model.

The Robinson stove can either be copied from the factory model, or some additions can be made

Other craftsmen who make the oven for themselves have tried to improve the design, making it more efficient, so you should pay special attention to such modernization.

Variant copied from the industrial design

The main dimensional parameters of the stove "Robinson"

If a factory version of the furnace is chosen for self-production, then you can easily understand its elements according to the drawing, especially since very few details are required:

- Metal box of the combustion hopper, made of steel sheet 3 mm. The total size of the hopper is 150 × 100 × 300 mm. It is assembled from five plates of 2 pcs. 300 × 150 mm; 2 pcs. 100 × 300 mm and 1 pc. 100 × 150 mm.

- Metal plate 150 × 200 × 3 mm to separate the blower duct from the combustion chamber.

- A metal pipe with a diameter of 100 mm and a height of 600 mm.

- Sections of reinforcement with a diameter of 7 ÷ 8 mm and a length of 120 mm - for the manufacture of a grate.

- Three rings 25 ÷ 30 mm high, cut from a pipe of the same diameter as the vertical riser -100 mm, and one ring with a diameter of 110 mm;

- three nuts d13, which are welded to the bottom of the combustion hopper and are intended for screwing the legs;

- three identical pieces of steel rods with threads cut into them, or ready-made studs (long bolts) with M8 threads.

Here it should be clarified that the upper stand can have a different configuration, since it does not play a special role precisely in the efficiency of the device. The main thing is that this element does not have a solid upper plane and is not located close to the pipe mouth, otherwise there will be no proper thrust in the furnace, and the fuel will not burn with the required intensity.

To make a stand of exactly this shape, you need three rings, prepared from a pipe, cut in half, and then weld them to a metal rod.

The work on the manufacture of such a furnace model is slightly complicated by the fact that two elements of different shapes are used - a rectangular box and a round pipe. The assembly is performed as follows:

First you need to prepare a plate that separates the firebox from the blower. To do this, pieces of reinforcement are welded onto the plate, at a distance of about 10 mm from each other - this is how the grate will be obtained.
Then the finished plate with the grate must be welded to the side and rear walls of the firebox. It is welded, stepping back from the bottom edge 30 ÷ 35 mm. The plate must be installed evenly horizontally.
Next, the corner joints of the rear and side walls of the chamber are welded.
The next step is to weld the bottom part to the box, and to it - three nuts for screwing in the legs.
Further, the "roof" of the combustion chamber is fixed by welding.
Then, the pipe is marked, since it must be cut at an angle of 30 degrees. After a cut, instead of a circle, an oval is obtained in the section.
The pipe must be attached with this oval to the middle of the surface of the "roof" of the welded box, at the very bottom of it and circle it with a marker. Along this line, a hole must be cut in the plate, since a vertical pipe must be welded into it. You can also cut this shape using a high-current welding machine, or a metal cutting machine.
Next, a pipe is welded into the hole. A stand is put on it to install the container. Legs are screwed to the structure, and a test is carried out, and then, if desired, painting.

Improved version of the Robinson oven

This version of the furnace is similar in design to the previous model, but differs in that the master installed a door on the furnace hole. In this case, the door swings up. But, I must say that this way of opening is also not entirely convenient, since with the help of such a valve it is impossible to accurately regulate the draft - in principle, it has only two positions. The best option would be a damper that moves up and down or left - right, which is installed in corners welded to the walls, 10 × 10 or 15 × 15 mm in size.

Robinson model, complete with fuel chamber cover

In addition to this difference from the previous version of the furnace, there are several others:

For the manufacture of the furnace bunker, steel was used with a thickness of 5 mm.
A square tube is used for the vertical section.
As a stand for containers, corners, decorative metal balls are used, as in this case, or you can come up with your own version of this element, which will be the easiest to manufacture.
The stand for the oven itself is also different from the options presented above. It consists of a steel plate, to which a leg is welded, made from a piece of reinforcement.

To make this model of the furnace, you need to prepare:

- A pipe for the manufacture of a furnace bunker 400 mm long, with a cross-sectional size of 160 × 160 mm.

- Chimney pipe 600 mm long and 120 × 120 mm in size;

- Panel that separates the firebox and the blower gap. It is made of 5 mm steel sheet and 7 ÷ 8 mm metal rod. Its size is 155 × 300 mm.

- Plate with dimensions 180 × 350 mm - for a stand under the oven;

- Metal panel 160 × 100 mm.

The photographs shown show the material that is suitable for, as well as its process of cutting it. The cut-off part from the vertical pipe part can be used instead of the leg on the oven support.

Jumper in the fuel chamber - to create a lower air channel

A dividing panel with a grate is fixed inside the firebox.
Then, the rear wall of the combustion hopper is closed and the vertical pipe is welded on.
Further, the entire structure must be installed and secured by welding to a metal plate. As a support, a piece of metal rod or a triangular part cut off from the chimney is mounted in front.
On the upper edge of the vertical pipe in the corners, pieces of corners are spot-welded, which will become a stand for the container. They should have a height of 40 ÷ 50 mm above the pipe.
Further, a door is installed on the inlet furnace hole (on hinges, as in this case, or in the form of a pull-out panel in a frame made of corners).
A design test is in progress. After that, the welding seams are cleaned, and the oven is covered with heat-resistant metal paint, which will not only make the device more accurate, but also prevent the appearance and spread of corrosion foci.

For those who have the skills to work with various locksmith tools and to make one of the Robinson-type stove options will not be difficult. The whole process of procurement of parts and the assembly itself will not take much time, but the furnace will last a long time and will become an indispensable assistant in various situations.

Therefore, if it is not possible to lay down a stationary heating structure in a country house or purchase a ready-made cast-iron or steel stove, then "Robinson" is exactly what you need. Moreover, its manufacture does not require a large amount of materials, and to obtain the desired effect, a very small amount of any available natural fuel is consumed.

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Views

Details and operation of a reactive heat generator

Calculation of parameters (tables)

Construction raw materials for the construction of a custom kiln

Preparation for the assembly of heating equipment

Step-by-step instructions for making your own hands

Improvement of the design

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Stage 5. Chimney lining

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conclusions

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Instruments

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Output

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Details and operation of a reactive heat generator

Calculation of parameters (tables)

Construction raw materials for the construction of a custom kiln

Preparation for the assembly of heating equipment

Step-by-step instructions for making your own hands

Improvement of the design

Subtleties of operation of an unconventional furnace

The design and principle of operation of the furnace

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The second version of the camp stove - "Antoshka"

Robinson oven

Variant copied from the industrial design

Improved version of the Robinson oven

Video: homemade rocket-type metal furnace