What a complex clause clause of purpose. Complex sentences with clauses

Goals:

1. To acquaint with complex sentences with adverbial clauses.

2. To form the ability to distinguish between the types of subordinate clauses in meaning, issues, means of communication; simple and compound conjunctions in s / n sentences with clauses.

3. To cultivate hard work, independence.

Equipment: textbook “Russian language. Grade 9 ”, computer, projector, screen, handouts (test), handouts didactic material.

During the classes

I. Org. moment. (Instructions of the teacher organizing the work of the class).

II. Repetition of the material learned.

1. Working at the computer. (Performing tasks from disk, 2 students work in turn)

2. Theoretical questions.

How does a complex sentence differ from a simple sentence?

What types are complex sentences divided into?

How do complex sentences differ from compound sentences?

What types of complex sentences do you know?

What are complex sentences with relative clauses?

What are complex sentences with explanatory clauses?

3. Dictation. Write down sentences and build diagrams.

1) The ink penetrated so deeply into the parchment that the most cruel scraping could not erase the traces of the text.

2) Sometimes it is enough to wet the manuscript with one or the other chemical composition to bring out the bluish or reddish outlines of old text.

3) And before its invention, the materials that our ancestors used for writing were stone, clay and metal.

III. Preparing for the GIA. Tests from part B. (3 slides)

IV. Communication of the topic and objectives of the lesson.

Today we will get acquainted with the types of adverbial clauses. Most adverbial clauses have the same meanings as the circumstances in a simple sentence, which means they answer the same questions and are divided into the same types.

Let's remember what kinds of circumstances do you know? (Mode of action, degree, place, time, condition, reason, purpose, assignment)

How do we distinguish between the types of circumstances? (For questions)

We will also distinguish the types of subordinate clauses by questions, as well as by alliances and union words, with the help of which they join the main sentence.

The study theoretical material by projection onto the screen. (From the training disc)
The study of the types of clauses according to the table of the textbook.

Consider a table.

Subordinate clauses

Mode of action or degree	How, how much, how much, what, to, as if, as if, as if, etc.	The girl spoke so well (how?) That no one had any questions.
Places	Where, where, from where	The travelers went to the place (where?), From where the noise of the cars was heard.
Time	When (when ... then), until, once, barely, since (since), until (until), etc.	I will be back (when?) When our white garden spreads its branches like a spring. (S.A. Yesenin)
Conditions	If (if ... then), when, time, etc.	I'll come to you tomorrow (on what condition?), If you don't mind.
Causes	Because, because, because, because, because, because, because, etc.	The lamp needs to be lit (why?) Because it is getting dark.
Goals	In order, in order for etc.	We walked across the field (why?) To take a shortcut.
Comparisons	How, what, what - so, as if, as if, exactly, etc.	Before the thunderstorm, it became quiet in the forest (how?), As if everything had died.
Concessions	Although, despite the fact that, albeit, no matter how	No matter how we hurried to the station, we still missed the last train (despite what?).
Consequences	So	She didn’t read anything, so she didn’t pass the exam.

How many subordinate clauses stand out?

What kind of subordinate clauses does not match a circumstance in a simple sentence? (Subordinate consequences)

3. Physical minutes.

V. Anchoring. Performing a tutorial exercise.

Write off with punctuation marks. Indicate subordinate clauses, as well as conjunctions and union words that attach the subordinate clause to the main clause.

1) Where there used to be the mouth of the river, the trail climbs ... up the mountain.

2) Wherever you look, there are hills everywhere.

3) When we reached the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen.

4) In the morning, as soon as we moved away from the bivouac, we immediately came across a path.

5) The sun must have disappeared behind the horizon because it suddenly became dark.

Vi. Execution of test tasks.

(Handout)

1. Find a complex sentence.

I was about to get up, when suddenly my eyes rested on a motionless human image.
I looked: it was a young, beautiful girl.
She sat twenty paces away from me, her head lowered thoughtfully and her hands dropped into her lap.
The left, distant bank was still sinking in darkness, and the darkness painted huge absurd figures there.

2. In what clause does the clause come before the main clause?

It took me a while to realize what had happened.
Whether I can help you now, I don’t know.
The hostess asked us if we were really leaving tomorrow.
The apple trees were gone because the mice ate all the bark.

3. In which clause is the clause inside the main clause? (No punctuation marks are placed.)

When she returned home, she thought that she would hardly be happy here and that going from the station was much more interesting than living here.
Without waiting for the opening, he jumped over the fence, pushed the lock aside, brought in the horse and himself tumbled into a hut full of sleeping people.
Approaching the courtyard, Chichikov noticed the owner himself on the porch, who was standing in a green frock coat with his hand to his forehead in the form of an umbrella before his eyes.
It was still early, so early that the sun had not yet had time to rise over the thickets of honeysuckle and it was cool in the garden.

Vii. Lesson summary.

What did you meet today in the lesson?

What types of subordinate clauses stand out?

How to distinguish between these types of clauses?

VIII. Homework: p. 12, exercise 74 (handout didactic material).

Complicated sentences with clauses adverbial purpose.

Problem learning technology

Related topic - The role of language in society

Goals:

Formation of the skill of recognition and characteristics of the SPP with a subordinate adverbial goal.
Consolidation of the skill of putting a comma between parts of the SPP.
Improving the skill of complex text analysis.
Formation of the ability to use SPP with subordinate clauses of purpose in their oral and written speech.
Formation of the ability to find ways to solve a problem, formulate hypotheses.
Fostering interest in learning the native language.

Equipment:

Presentation
Cards with texts for work in the lesson and for homework.

During the classes:

Organizational moment. (slide 1)
Preparation for the perception of new material. Statement and solution of the problem.

Dictate a sentence.

Language to remain a means of communication, must constantly evolve.

(A. Kornilov)

What does the proposal say? Identify the accompanying topic of the lesson.

(The role of language in the life of society)

Parse the outline sentence on page 66.

(rep., non-excl., main part - 1, subordinate part - 2, subordinate part within the main part, subordinate clause with the meaning of the goal, union - to.

[ , (to), ].

Formulate and write down the topic of our lesson.

(SPP with clauses of purpose)

Learning new material.

Self-study of new material on page 104. Drawing up a basic outline "VOPRoS" (slide 2)

B - questions (why? For what purpose?)

O - refers (to the entire main part)

P - joins (unions: in order, in order, in order, in order, if only)

P - comma separated

С - stands (location is free)

A linguistic story based on a basic synopsis of the SPP with a subordinate adverbial purpose.

Consolidation of what has been learned

Construction of sentences. (slide 3)

Continue the sentences you started.

We must learn our native language,

You need to treat your native language in such a way that ...

The experience of generations is transmitted through the language,

Read the resulting sentences. Find among them the SPP not with a clause of purpose (№2). Determine its type (course of action). Make a conclusion.

(Union TO - ambiguous)

Comprehensive text analysis.

Why do you need a language? Why does a person need articulate speech?

First, language is needed so that people can exchange thoughts in all kinds of ways. joint activities... It is needed as a means of communication. True, in addition to language, other means can be used for this purpose, for example, a system of signs that regulate street traffic.

Secondly, language is needed in order to consolidate and preserve the collective experience of mankind, the achievement of social practice. When Archimedes discovered his famous law, the first thing he did was formulate this law in words, expressed his thought in such a way that it became understandable for both his contemporaries and us - his distant descendants. When you are in school, you are assimilating the achievements of the social experience from textbooks, where the necessary information is presented in linguistic form.

Finally, thirdly, language is needed so that a person can express his thoughts, feelings, emotions with its help. For example, in poetry, a person conveys the most intimate thoughts, feelings, experiences. And all this thanks to the language.

Without language, there would be no man himself, because everything that is human in him is connected with language, expressed in language and fixed in language.

A. Leontiev.

Assignments: (slide 4)

1) Determine the theme and main idea of the text. Do you agree with the opinion of the author?

2) Determine the type and style of speech.

3) Produce different kinds parsing:

1 row - phonetic analysis of the word LANGUAGE

2 row - morpheme parsing words MEMBERSHIP

3 row - spelling of the word USE

4) Find all the HPS, indicate their type.

5) Write down the SPP in the notebook with subordinate adverbial purposes, parse them.

First, language is needed so that people could exchangethoughts in all kinds of joint activities.

Secondly, language is needed in order to consolidate and preserve collective experience of humanity, achievements of social practice.

Finally, thirdly, language is needed so that a person can express with it your thoughts, feelings, emotions.

[ to).

Continuation of the text.

V. Summing up the results of the lesson.

Vi. Homework (slide 5)

§ eighteen

Work on the card

Read the text. Write how you spend your free time. Why are you doing this or that type of activity? Use an SPP with clauses of purpose in your work.

Suppose a person is naturally gifted in many ways, he instantly understands and remembers everything. But that is why he is a man, so that he must ask: Is it just interesting or do I need it for something? " The question of why this or that knowledge is needed is completely natural and legitimate. And let it be better if it arises earlier, in order to avoid bitter disappointments in wasted efforts or regrets about unused time.

I. Miloslavsky

The clauses of a complex clause can have the meaning of a whole. They join the main part of the union of the goal to and answer the questions for what? for what purpose? for what? They indicate the purpose of the action referred to in the main body of the sentence.

The main part may contain directional words in order, then, in order for example: In order for air to pass into boxes and boxes, their covers were all pierced with a thick pin. (A.)

In comparatively rare cases index words merge with the union to into a complex union, for example: So that they understand our truth sooner , we must go forward. (M. G)

The predicate in clauses is often expressed in an indefinite form of the verb, for example: I invited you, gentlemen, in order to tell you unpleasant news.(G.) This happens in cases where the subject of the action in both the main and the subordinate clauses of the sentence is the same (i invited and I I'll let you know). Therefore, such subordinate goals are close to the circumstances of the goal expressed indefinite form verb. (Compare: I came out freshen up... I went out, to freshen up.)

The clauses with the union of the goal can have two meanings if the main part contains the index words not marked above. (in order, then, in order), and others, for example :!) We. ran upstairs to dress so as to resemble hunters as much as possible(L. T.)(the meaning of the goal and mode of action). 2) Science has not collected yet so many information, to resolve the issue in a positive way(Black)(the meaning of the goal and degree, measure). (See § 106.)

NOTE Indicative word then used in modern literary language is relatively rare and gives the impression of being outdated, for example: I have arrived then, to explain myself. (T.)

Target alliances are almost out of use so that and especially Yes. Now they are used for special stylistic purposes: either to recreate an ancient speech, or for solemnity, or to create an ironic impression. 1) And quietly left, so that the father did not wake up. (G.) 2) Someday a hardworking monk ... will rewrite truthful stories, Yes the descendants of the Orthodox of the native land know the past fate. (P.) 3) I was advised not to "stick out in people", so that do not draw undue attention to the bakery. (M. G.)

Practice Exercise 156. Read, indicate the subordinate clauses, their connection with the main one and their meanings. Copy by inserting missing letters and punctuation marks.

I. 1) She looked ... in the mirror and shook her head several times to make the beads sound. (Ch.) 2) I already told the coachman to cover the sleigh with a carpet. (Polonsky) 3) N ... for the same he plowed and se ... l so that the autumn wind would not ... l? (N.)

4) I saw that my work was losing ... meaning. More and more often it happened that people n ... reckoning with the course of business ... chose money from the cash desk so n ... carefully that sometimes there was nothing to pay for flour. (M. G.)

5) So n ... to starve, I went to the Volga to the piers where you could easily earn fifteen to twenty kopecks. (M. G.)

6) The weapon on the Cossack is always adjusted so that it doesn't ... ring and ... strum. (L. T.) 7) He [Plyushkin] already forgot himself how much he had and remembered only in what place there was a decanter in his closet with the remnants of some tincture on which he himself made a rough outline so that no one thieves ... drank it and where there was a feather or sealing wax. (G.)

II. 1) Here is courage ... mind ... ralie brothers so that life becomes wonderful for those who were born in poverty. (N.O.) 2) I want to meet my death hour since Comrade Nette met death. (V.M.) 3) The most precious thing for a person is life. It is given to him once and he needs to live it so that it would not be excruciatingly painful for the wh ... whole years lived so as not to f ... g shame for the petty and petty past. (BUT.) 4) Sing to us the wind about the glory and courage about the learned heroes of the fighters so that the heart burns ... so that everyone wants to catch up and overtake their fathers. (OK.) 5) The one who lives a real life who is accustomed to poetry from childhood forever believes in the life-giving Russian language full of reason. (N. 3.)

157. Make complex sentences of the following types: 1) union what attaches explanatory clauses and degrees; 2) union to attaches clauses and explanatory.

158. Write it off with missing punctuation marks. Indicate the subordinate clauses, their connection with the main one and their meanings.

WHAT IS THE WIND FOR?

When wild animals walk through forests and fields, they always go to the wind and hear with their ears and smell with their nose what is ahead of them. If there was no wind, they would not know where to go ...

In order for a seed to set on a grass, a bush or tree, it is necessary for dust to fly from one flower to another flower. Flowers are far from each other and they cannot send their dust from one to another.

When cucumbers grow in greenhouses where there is no wind, then people themselves pick one flower and put it on another so that flower dust falls on fruit flower and there would be an ovary. Bees and other insects sometimes transfer dust from flower to flower on their paws. But most of all this dust is carried by the wind. If there was no wind, half of the plants would be seedless.

Steam rises above the ground only where there is water above streams above swamps above ponds and rivers, most of all above the sea. If there was no wind, the couple would not walk but gather in clouds over the water and fall again where they rose. It would rain over a stream over a swamp over a river over the sea, but there would be no rain in the fields and forests. The wind blows the clouds and waters the ground.

(L.N. Tolsto y.)

§ 113. Complicated sentences with clauses of reasons.

The subordinate clauses of a complex clause can have a meaning. They join the main part of the unions because, because, because, because and answer questions about why? from what? in consequence of what ?, for example: 1) The horse could not move the cart, because the rear wheel came off.(L. T.) 2) The apple trees are gone because the mice ate the whole bark around.(L. T.) 3) Ohm was very out of sorts, as I was very unhappy with the last exams.(Ch.) 4) All work is important for it ennobles a person.(L. T.) They point to the cause of the phenomenon referred to in the main part.

If the subordinate clause with the union because stands in front of the main one, then in the latter there may be an additional part of the union - then, for example: Since I write down my observations every night, I have compiled a thick manuscript in the most imperceptible way. (Grieg.)

In unions because and because of possible separate use of demonstrative pronouns because and that's why and explanatory union what, for example: 1) He walked[Belikov] to us only because he considered it his comradely duty.(Ch.) 2)Because you can't cry and be indignant out loud, Vasya is silent, wringing his hands. (Ch.) Such separation of the indicated unions with a comma is required if before because or that's why there is a restrictive or negative particle: only, only, not. Wed: I did it not (only) because you are me ordered.

Except demonstrative pronouns because and because, there may be other index words in the main part:

due to that. due to, in view of, due to, on the occasion of that etc. The merger of these index words with the union what in one complex union is rare.

EXAMPLE 1) Greens retained their freshness until early July due to the fact that the spring was damp. 2) The grass was unusually juicy due to the fact that there were frequent and heavy rains.

If the main part has a demonstrative pronoun themes with a comparative degree, then the subordinate clause with the union what combines two meanings: reasons and degrees, for example: They[limitations] especially protrude outward, that he himself is not a petty person.(G.)

A kind of subordinate causal is represented by clauses with a union what, which contain the reason for the feeling referred to in the main part of the sentence; therefore, they belong to such main ones, in which there are members denoting any feeling; clauses are always found after the main part, for example: He is happy, what sees you(M.-S.)(the subordinate clause indicates the reason for the feeling expressed by the word happy).

Exercise 159. Indicate the subordinate clauses, their connection with the main one and their meanings. Write down by inserting missing letters and placing commas. List the vowels in the first five sentences whose spelling cannot be checked by stress.

I. 1) I was treated by the regimental clerk ... for there was no other doctor in the fortress ... there was no other doctor. (NS.) 2) D ... the horns will soon be cleared ... for n ... thrones and sn ... ranks are available ... and the troops want to fight ... (A. N. T.) 3) The forest was dark and silent ... lucid because the main singers flew away. (M.-S.) 4) Levinson almost lost contact with other units because he climbed into a remote place. (Fad.) 5) The river has taken on a special look because the water is visible through the bare branches and even more because the water color has disappeared from the cold. (A.) 6) Since it wasn’t possible to stick in the usual place, Tyulin is sticking to a clay steep ... yar. (Cor.) 7) I hired him as an apprentice because there was nothing to live on. (Ch.) 8) I had to hire bulls to pull my cart on this damn mountain because it was already autumn and ice ... tsa. (L.) 9) In the clearing where there was a hay ... for a long time ... the hay was hotter because the place was closed from the wind by a thick, dense cherry tree. (V.G.)

II. 1) After the evening, my mother washed the pot ... and looked with her eyes where to pour the slops, because there were all ridges around ... (G.) 2) Since you say that he received you well, then go to him! (G.) 3) It hurt him that he ... kept his Cossack word. (G.) 4) When the clerk was still sorting the note through the warehouses, Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov himself went to see the city with which he seemed satisfied ... because ours ... that the city was in no way ... was inferior to other provincial cities. (G.) 5) If he n ... justified himself before the court, then perhaps because he just n ... wanted to confuse me. (NS.) 6) Since we will fight ... to death, we must do everything possible to keep it a secret. (L.)

§ 114. Compound sentences with clauses and concessions.

The subordinate clauses of a complex sentence can have the meaning of y s t u n and t-e l n about s t and. They join the main body of concessionary unions although (though), for nothing that, let, let, for example: 1) Good summer foggy days although hunters don't like them.(T.) 2) Let the rose be plucked it is still in bloom.(Nadson) 3) Let me weak, my sword is strong. (F). 4) Tom Thumb, for nothing is small, was very clever and cunning. (L. T.)(Union for nothing more characteristic of the spoken language, in meaning this union is close to the expression although.) Subordinate clauses indicate a reason that is the opposite of the effect contained in the main part of the sentence.

The condescending meaning is similar to the adversarial meaning. Therefore, before the main part, when it stands after the clause, there are adversary unions but, yes, however, but, for example: And even though the insensible body is equal to decay everywhere , but closer to the sweet limit, I would still like to rest. (NS.) In these cases, there is a combination in one complex sentence and submission and composition. (See § 97.)

In addition to the noted unions, clauses and concessions are joined by an explanatory union what to indicative combination despite, for example: Even though it rains down on me , tearing wet branches, hitting myself in the face with them and reveling in their wonderful scent. (L. T.)(Combination although is a compound union).

In the meaning of a concessionary union, the introductory word is used truth, for example: True, it turned out to be a very nasty day, but nothing unexpected happened.(Seyfullina.)

Subordinate clauses that are attached to the main with relative words have a generalized concessional meaning how, how much etc. with an amplifying particle nor, for example:

No matter how the month shines,but all is not the sun's light. (Cr.)

The predicate of the subordinate clause of the sentence can be expressed in the form of the imperative mood; in this case, there is usually no concessionary union, for example:

Be he seven spans in the forehead,but he will not go away from my judgment. (NS.)

Exercise 160. Read, indicate the subordinate clauses, their connection with the main one and meanings. Write off with punctuation marks.

I. 1) Yegorushka lay on a bale and shivered from the cold, although the sun soon appeared and dried his clothes, the bale and the earth. (Ch.) 2) Although it was dry in the yard, there was a muddy puddle at the threshold. (L. T.) 3) Suppose he was wrong, but this error can be corrected. (M.-S.) 4) The pediment did not fall in the middle of the house, no matter how the architect struggled. (G). 5) It was quietly cloudy in the steppe, despite the fact that the sun had risen. (Ch.) 6) True, Nikolai knows more than a hundred Latin names; he knows how to assemble a skeleton; sometimes, preparing a preparation will make students laugh with some long scholarly quote, but for example, the uncomplicated theory of blood circulation for him is now as dark as twenty years ago. (Ch.)

II. 1) No matter how Pantelei Prokofievich protected himself from all sorts of difficult experiences, he soon had to experience a new shock. (Shol.) 2) The brigade commander decided to stop pursuit before dawn in order to bring up the reserves to concentrate on the approaches to Veshenskaya by morning and, after artillery preparation, to conduct a further offensive. (Shol.) 3) If the enemy does not surrender, they destroy him. (M. G.)

161. Write down by placing punctuation marks and inserting missing letters. Indicate the clauses, their relationship with the main part and meanings.

1) The nanny narrated with passion, picturesquely, with passion in places, inspired because she herself half believed the stories. (Hound.) 2) Will the cows come from the field, the old man will be the first to make sure that they are watered; If she sees from the window that the mongrel is chasing a chicken, he will immediately take strict measures against the riots. (Hound.) 3) I confess how much I ... tried to discern something like a boat in the distance, but to no avail. (L.) 4) H ..- what n ... could be funnier than his face; how he n ... twitched up his eyebrows, heavy eyelids did not want to rise and so lay on barely noticeable brilliant but sweetest eyes. (T.) 5) After supper, I danced the promised square dance with her and ... despite the fact that I was seemingly infinitely happy, my happiness kept growing and growing. (L. T.) 6) He talked about how much you have to work when you want to become an exemplary farmer. (Ch.) 7) The artist must have worked for ... one night since all the teachers of the male and female gymnasiums, the teachers of the seminary, the officials all received a copy. (Ch.) 8) Any kind of violation of deviation from deviation from the rules brought him [Belikov] into despondency, although it would seem that what did he care? (Ch.)

§ 115. Synonyms of subordinate clauses of complex sentences and adverbial expressions, as well as adverbs.

Adverbial expressions are characteristic of book speech. In colloquial speech, the relative clauses of complex sentences corresponding to them in meaning are more common. Some gerunds and adverbs are similar in meaning to the subordinate tense, reasons, concessions, conditions, for example: Having drunk tea, I began to ask my father to show me the mill. When I got drunk on my tea then he asked my father to show me the mill. Subordinate clauses and participles that are similar in meaning are called synonymous turns. But the meanings of the condition, reason, concession, time in gerunds are less distinct, while in complex sentences the indicated meanings are expressed by special unions (and sometimes by demonstrative words).

EXAMPLE 1) Condition: But, chatting with you you can't pick up mushrooms. (P.) (However, if you chat with you You can't pick up mushrooms.)

2) P r and h and n and : Missing looking out of windows into a dirty alley, I went to wander through all the rooms ... (P.) (Since I missed looking out of windows into a dirty alley, then went to wander through all the rooms).

3) Statement: Ivan Kuzmin. respecting your spouse, would never have revealed to her the secrets entrusted to him in the service. (P.) (Ivan Kuzmich, although he respected his wife, would never have revealed to her the secrets entrusted to him in his service.)

4) Timing: Andrey Gavrilovich, Having examined in cold blood the assessor's requests, saw the need to answer in detail. (P.) (Andrey Gavrilovich, when I looked at the assessor's requests in cold blood, saw the need to answer in detail.)

If the adverbial participle in meaning approaches the circumstance of the course of action, then the parallel turnover will not be a subordinate part, but a single case, denoting a concomitant action, for example: Someone was running touching and breaking the rods of the raspberry tree.- Someone ran and at the same time he touched and broke the rods of the raspberry tree.

The similarity in meaning of the gerunds and subordinate clauses of complex sentences allows, in some cases, the stylistic replacement of one turnover with another. However, the verbal participle instead of the subordinate part can be used not always, but only when the predicates of the main and subordinate parts of the sentence refer to the same person or object:

a) When Chechevitsyn said goodbye- Saying goodbye to the girls, What what-

with girls, he was not a skavitsin, he did not say a word;

hall not a word.

b) When I opened the window my(You cannot say “Having opened the ok-

the room was filled to the ground, my room is full

hom flowers. (L.) the smell of flowers ".)

In the first case, instead of a subordinate part with the meaning of time, you can use an adverbial turnover: the predicates of the main and subordinate parts refer to the same person (Chechevitsyn said goodbye he is did not say a word), and therefore, when replacing the verbal participle will indicate the concomitant action of the person designated by the subject. In the second example, substitutions cannot be made, since the predicates refer to different subjects (I AM opened, room filled).

When replacing the subordinate clause with an adverbial turnover, conjunctions are omitted (for example, sometime); the predicate of the subordinate part is replaced by the gerunds; the subject of the clause is either discarded, or transferred to the main clause, or replaces the pronoun in it. In comparative sentences, conjunctions may not be omitted: Natalia avoided him, exactly was afraid of something in him. - Natalya avoided him, exactly afraid of something in him. Replacing the adverbial clause with a verb or a verb is impossible if the verb cannot be used to form a verb, for example: When I write this letter, I recall with pleasure the time spent with you.(Replacement is impossible, because there is no present participle from the verb write).

Practice Exercise 162. Replace, where possible, the subordinate clauses of the complex clause with verbal participles with dependent words.

1) Vasilisa Yegorovna left me alone because she saw my stubbornness. 2) A wonderful field strawberry sometimes lured my mother to the deposits of the near field, because she was very fond of this berry. 3) The ferry shuddered and swayed when two healthy Cossacks pushed him away from the shore. 4) Lyonka, when he looked into the water, felt that his head was sweetly spinning. 5) It was already evening when he returned to the village. 6) If you see him tomorrow, ask him to come to me for a minute. 7) Raspberries grew so high that they looked into our windows for a whole quarter. 8) The forest sleeps in silence, motionless, as if peering somewhere with its tops. 9) Although he refuses to travel, he regrets it very much. 10) If you take on the work together, then by all means complete it on time.

163. Read, specify the detached members of the proposal and explain the reasons for the detachment; write off with missing punctuation marks. List the adverbs and explain their spelling. Indicate the subordinate clauses, their connection with the main one and their meanings.

Korchagin hit the horse so that he immediately went into a gallop. Whipped up by the cry of the rider, overtaking the fleeing crows, he rushed forward with swift throws. Having pulled his ears tight to his head and throwing his legs high, he kept speeding up. On the hillock, the windmill, as if blocking the road, spread its arms-wings to the side. From the windmill to the right in the lowland near the lugá river. To the left, as far as the eye could reach, a rye field stretched out, rising in hillocks, then falling into the holes. The wind blew over the ripe rye as if stroking it with his hand. Poppies by the road glowed brightly. It was quiet and unbearably hot here. Only from a distance below, from where the river warmed itself like a silvery snake in the sun, shouts came.

Down to the meadows, the horse walked with a terrible gait. "He will catch his foot on both him and me the grave," flashed through Pavel's head.

(N. Ostrovskiy.)

164. Read, indicate the separate participles and their meaning; indicate the subordinate clauses, their connection with the main and meanings. Copy by inserting missing letters and punctuation marks.

The grass went softer and Levin, listening but n ... answering and trying to mow as best he could, followed Titus. They walked a hundred paces. Titus kept w ... ln ... ost ... overrunning n ... showing n ... the slightest fatigue, but Levin was already getting scared that

he can't ... take it, he's so tired.

He felt that he was waving with his last strength and decided to ask Titus to stop.,. Xia. But at this very time, Titus himself stopped and, bending down, took the herbs, wiped off the scythe and began to sharpen. Levin straightened up and looked around with a sigh. A peasant walked behind him, and he was obviously also tired because right now ... when he got to Levin he stopped and began to sharpen. Titus sharpened his braid and Levin's braid, and they went on.

The second visit was the same. Titus walked swing after swing n ... stopping and n ... tired. Levin followed him, trying not ... to lag behind, and it became more and more difficult for him: a moment came when he felt he had more strength ... but at that very time Titus stopped and sharpened.

So they went through the first row. And this long row seemed especially difficult to Levin, but when the row was reached and Titus, throwing his braid over his shoulder, with slow steps went to follow the footsteps left by his heels along the swath, and Levin walked along his swath in the same way. Despite the fact that sweat rolled down his face and dripped from his nose and his whole back was wet as if soaked ... he felt very good in water.

(L. N. Tolstoy, Anna Karenina.)

§ 116. Compound sentences with clauses of consequence.

The subordinate clauses of a complex clause can have the meaning of consequence. They join the main body of the union so and denote a consequence arising from the entire content of the main part of the sentence, for example: He immediately fell asleep, so, to my question, I heard only his even breathing.

Note. From the subordinate clauses with the meaning of the consequence, it is necessary to distinguish the subordinate degrees, including the meaning of the consequence, for example: 1) every house has a through gate, and you sneak around like that, that no devil will find you... (G.) 2) Before that I suddenly felt ashamed that literally tears ran down my cheeks.(Ven.) In these subordinate clauses the degree clearly prevails over the meaning of the consequence.

§ 117. Compound clauses with subordinate clauses.

Predominant and such subordinate parts of a complex sentence are called, which are attached to the main part by relative pronouns and adverbs what, as a result of what. why, why, why.

EXAMPLE 1) Hoc the judge unwittingly sniffed his upper lip, which he usually did before only from great pleasure.(G.) 2) During a strong storm, a tall old pine tree was uprooted, why this pit was formed.(Ch.) 3) He was not home, that's why I left a note.(NS.) 4) He needed to arrange something in the city, why he left in a hurry.(NS.) Such subordinate clauses have the meaning of additional remarks, conclusions, conclusions.

NOTE 1. Compound sentences with subordinate clauses in meaning are close to compound sentences that have a pronoun in the second part this is or pronominal adverbs therefore, therefore, because.(Compare: I) Father did not come for a long time, which worried us all a lot. 2) Father did not come for a long time, and it worried us all very much. 3) Father did not come for a long time, and therefore (because, because) we were all very worried.)

2. The words therefore, therefore, because sometimes they are used for the semantic connection of individual sentences that are not part of a complex, for example: I was not at home, and I did not receive a summons. That's why I didn't show up for the meeting.

Practice Exercise 165. Indicate the subordinate clauses, their connection with the main one and meanings; write off by inserting missing letters and punctuation marks.

I. 1) The snow was getting whiter and brighter so that it hurt my eyes. (L.) 2) The air was so rare that it was painful to breathe. (L.) 3) The hostess's words were interrupted by a strange hiss so that the guest was and ... scared. (G.) 4) Natalya Gavrilovna was famous at the assemblies as the best dancer, which was partly the reason for the offense of Korsakov, who came the next day to apologize ... to Gavrila Afanasyevich; but the panache and dexterity of the young dandy n ... liked the proud boyar who nicknamed him wittily to the French ... the monkey. (NS.)

II. 1) Avdotya made out such fear that her knees trembled. (T.) 2) I will burn the old sorcerer so that the crows will have nothing to crack ... (G.) 3) Solokha poured coal into a tub from another bag and n ... too much ... the clerk with his body got into it and sat down on the very bottom so that over it could be poured with half a bag of coal. (G.) 4) The red color g ... rit like fire so n ... would have looked enough! (G.) 5) The front of the chaise was completely wobbling ... so it could be two stations and ... will do it. (G.) 6) By this time, I was fed and taken to the bathhouse and interrogated and the uniform was given out so that I appeared in the dugout to the colonel as it should be, clean and in full form in body and soul. (Shol.) 7) During such an interrogation, Ivan Fyodorovich n ... freely got up from his seat and got to his feet ... as usual ... he did when the colonel asked him what. (G.) 8) He was ... angry with me what I ... expected. (M. G.)

166. Write off with missing punctuation marks; indicate the subordinate clauses, their connection with the main and meanings.

1) Savelich brought in a cellar behind me and demanded a fire to prepare tea that I never thought I needed so much. (NS.) 2) I paid off the owner who took such a moderate payment from us that even Savelich did not argue with him and did not bargain as usual, and yesterday's suspicions were completely erased from his head. (NS.) 3) The moon was already rolling across the sky and it seemed to me that someone in white was sitting on the shore. (L.) 4) A suspicion was born in my head that this blind man is not as blind as it seems; in vain did I try to convince myself that the thorns cannot be faked, and for what purpose? (L.) 5) He waved his hand and all three began to pull something out of the boat; the load was so great that I still don’t understand how she didn’t sink. (L.) 6) While he was examining all the strange decoration, the side door opened and the same housekeeper ascended which he had met in the courtyard. (G.) 7) He could not rely on the eldest daughter Alexandra Stepanovna in everything, and he was right because Alexandra Stepanovna soon fled with the head-captain, God knows what cavalry regiment and married him somewhere hastily. (G.) 8) I do not know how the general anguish would have been resolved if Yakov had not suddenly finished on a high, unusually thin sound, as if his voice had broken off. (T.)

167. Write down by inserting missing letters and punctuation marks; indicate the subordinate clauses, their connection with the main and meanings.

The hungry wolf got up to go hunting. All three of her cubs were fast asleep huddled together and warmed each other. She obl ... hall them and went.

It was already the spring month of March, but at night the trees were shaking from the cold as in December, and as soon as you stick your tongue out, you start to pinch it strongly. The wolf was suspicious of poor health; she shuddered at the slightest noise and kept thinking about how it would be at home without her who would not offend the cubs. The zap ... x human and horse footprints, the stacked firewood and the dark manured road frightened her; It seemed to her that people were standing behind the trees in the dark and dogs were howling somewhere behind the forest.

She was no longer young and she had a donkey's instinct ... white so that it happened a fox's trail she took ... small for a dog's and sometimes even deceived by her instinct she lost her way, which had never happened to her in her youth. Due to her poor health, she no longer hunted calves and large rams as before, and already bypassed horses and foals far and ate only carrion; She had to eat fresh meat very rarely only in the spring, when she came across a hare ... she had little children or climbed ... to the peasants in the barn where the lambs were.

(A.P. Chekhov.)

168. Read, indicate complex sentences and their meaning; write off with punctuation marks.

I. As a rule, the old man went out to play in the evening, at the first dusk. It was more useful for his music to make the world quieter and darker. He did not know the troubles of his old age because he received a pension from the state and was fed enough. But the old man was bored with the thought that he did not bring any good to people and therefore voluntarily went to play on the boulevard. There, the sounds of his violin were heard in the air in the twilight, and at least from time to time they reached the depths of the human heart, touching him with a gentle and courageous force that carried him away to live the highest beautiful life. Some listeners took out money to give it to the old man but did not know where to put it. The violin case was closed ... Then people put dimes and kopecks on the lid of the case. However, the old man did not want to cover up his need at the expense of the art of music, hiding the violin back in the case, he showered money from him on the ground, not paying attention to their value. He left home late, sometimes already at midnight, when the people became rare and only some random lonely person listened to his music. But the old man could play for one person and played the piece to the end until the listener left, crying in the darkness for himself. Maybe he had his own grief, now disturbed by the song of art, or maybe he felt ashamed that he was living wrongly, or he simply drank wine ...

(A. Platonov.)

II. When the day declines when pink haze closes the distant parts of the city and the surrounding hills, then only one can see the ancient capital in all its splendor, because like a beauty showing her best clothes only in the evening, she can make a strong lasting impression on the soul only at this solemn hour.

What can you compare with this Kremlin, which, surrounded by battlements, flaunting the golden heads of cathedrals, is reclining on a high mountain like a sovereign crown on the forehead of a formidable ruler? ...

(M.Yu. Lermontov.)

169. Write down by expanding parentheses and placing punctuation marks. Specify the types of accessory parts.

1) The water is blue (from) the fact that the sky was reflected in it passionately attracted to itself. (Ch.) 2) The interior of the grove wet from the rain was constantly changing looking (on) whether the sun was shining or was covered by clouds. (T.) 3) We lived in a field outside the city in the old (semi) destroyed building (on) what (then) called a "glass factory" can be (on) what is in its windows (not) It was (neither) one whole glass. (M. G.) 4) Glass door the balcony was closed that (would) there was no heat from the garden. (A. N. T.) 5) It was a sad August night, sad (on) that already smelled of autumn. (Ch.) 6) Cucumbers were (on) so tender that the greenhouse green of their skins shone white. (Fed.) 7) There was only one road and (at) the volume is wide and furnished with milestones (So) what was lost (not) Maybe. (Cor.) 8) Nikita and himself (not) knew (on) why he wants to stand and gaze at this desert. (A. N. T.) 9) (Not) despite the fact that all the windows were covered with snow, I felt that the day had become brighter than yesterday. (Cor.) 10) The goose took another rope in its beak and pulled it (from) what (that) hour (same) a deafening shot rang out. (Ch.)

UNIONLESS DIFFICULT OFFERS

§ 118. The meaning of non-union complex sentences and punctuation marks in them.

An unconnected complex sentence is one in which the parts are combined into one whole in meaning, but their combination is expressed not by unions and union words, but by intonation and the ratio of forms of the form and tense of verbs, for example: The stars gradually disappeared, the reddish stripe in the east became wider, the white foam of the waves was covered with a gentle pink tint. (T.)

This complex sentence draws a picture of an early morning. A complex sentence has three parts; their connection is expressed by enumerative intonation and the homogeneity of the verb forms: all three predicates are expressed by imperfect verbs of the past tense. By these means, the simultaneity, coexistence of phenomena is established.

Complex non-union sentences in their meanings, intonation and verb forms are not homogeneous: in some of them the simplest correlations of the phenomena of reality are reflected (simultaneity, the succession of one phenomenon after another), in others, very complex (causal, conditional

In modern Russian, non-union complex sentences are very widespread in fiction. Along with this, they are widely used in colloquial speech, in dialogue, when intonation, gestures, facial expressions help to express semantic relations.

EXAMPLE 1) The horses started, the bell rang, the wagon flew. (NS.) This complex sentence contains three simple sentences; they indicate that one phenomenon follows another, the connection is expressed by the intonation of the enumeration and the uniformity of the predicate forms: all three predicates are expressed by verbs of the perfect form, the past tense.

2) Korchagin did not like autumn and winter: they brought him a lot of physical torment. (BUT.) In this complex sentence, the second simple sentence indicates the reason for what is reported in the first sentence, the connection is expressed by explanatory intonation and the ratio of predicates: both predicates are expressed by imperfect verbs, past tense.

3) I I will do it like this: I will dig a large hole near the stone itself, break the ground from the hole across the square, dump the stone into the hole and fill it with earth. (L. T.) In this complex sentence, the second sentence clarifies the first; explanatory meaning is expressed by warning intonation and the use of the pronoun So: I will do so(and then it is explained how the speaker will do it).

4) Gruzdev called himself get in the body.(Last)

5) I got into the habit of walking a jug on the water - he can't take his head off. (Last) In the example under item 4, the first sentence contains a condition, the second - a consequence. In the example under item 5, the content of one sentence is contrasted with the content of another. Despite the difference in meaning, both examples are similar in intonation: in each there is a slight rise in the voice at the end of the first movement and a short pause after it.

Subordinate goals contain an indication of the purpose or purpose of what is said in the main part of the sentence, and answer the questions "why?", "For what?", "For what purpose?".
The semantic feature of target subordinate clauses in their uncomplicated form is that they indicate an event or a desired phenomenon, and it is emphasized that vigorous activity is necessary for its occurrence.
The subordinate ends are attached to the main part by means of unions so that, in order, in order, then in order, just, just, etc. The subordinate part usually refers to the entire main part as a whole: We bought several lilies from the flower girls so that put them on the tomb of Raphael (K. Paustovsky); And so that the mouse race did not harm him, he established a police of cats (I. Krylov); People invented vices for themselves, just not to be considered insipid (JI. Tolstoy); Of course, the quick-witted Valentina probably left some of her at home in order to be left for the first expenses upon her return (A. Gaidar); I turned around, looking for Chubuk in order to give him a prearranged signal as soon as possible (A. Gaidar); In complete darkness ... the flotilla moved at a slow speed along the coast itself, so as not to run into the mines placed by the whites at some distance from the coastal strip (K. Paustovsky).
Compound unions can be dismembered, as a result of which only the union remains in the subordinate clause, and the first part of the union is used as a correlative word: People did not live underground at all in order to simply hide. They hid in order to live. And they lived in order to tirelessly fight the enemy (V. Kataev). The division of the union is mandatory if it is preceded by restrictive, comparative and other particles, as well as introductory words: He allowed silence only in order to scold his daughters (A. Pushkin); All this was said as if in order to complicate an already difficult task as much as possible (K. Fedin).
Subordinate goals can occupy any position in relation to the main part, except for those cases when the union is dismembered.

Type of subordinate clause	Question	Example
Time	When? Since when? How long?	When the time came, they sent Ivanushka to the service.
Places	Where? Where to? Where did it come from?	We rushed to where the voices were heard.
Conditions	Under what condition?	If you read a lot, you will know a lot.
Causes	Why? For what reason?	Our team took first place in the tournament, because they were preparing for the competition seriously.
Goals	What for? For what purpose?	In order not to get lost, I decided to return to the path.
Consequences	As a result of what, what happened?	The snow was getting whiter and brighter, so it hurt my eyes.
Mode of action.	How? How?	My peasant worked so hard that sweat rolled off him like a hail.
Measures and degrees	To what extent? In what degree?	The river is so shiny and sparkling that it hurts the eyes.
Comparisons	Like what? Like who? Than what? Than who?	The closer we got to home, the more anxious we felt.
Concessions	Despite what? Contrary to what?	Although for him it was hard work, he handled her flawlessly.

Semantic relationships between sentences	Punctuation marks	Examples of
Enumeration	Comma	1) The sky is clothed with black haze, 2) the month shines a little in the fog. (M. Lermontov)
Enumeration but inside parts complex sentence there are other punctuation marks	Semicolon	1) The road wound in front of me between dense hazel bushes, already filled with darkness; 2) I moved forward with difficulty. (I. Turgenev)
Reason (the second part indicates the reason for what the first says)	Colon	1) I could not sleep: 2) a boy with white eyes was spinning in front of me in the darkness. (M. Lermontov)
Clarification of the meaning of the first part	Colon	1) I ask you about one thing: 2) shoot quickly. (M. Lermontov)
Explanation of the predicate of the first part	Colon	1) I know: 2) you have both pride and direct honor in your heart. (A. Pushkin) Once everything became clear: they came to chew apples. I heard: apples crunched on someone's teeth. I got up and saw: one elk was grabbing apples ...
Time, condition	Dash	1) I went here - 2) the rye was starting to turn yellow. (M. Prishvin) 1) You will work until you sweat - 2) you will eat while hunting. (Proverb)
Cause (the first part indicates the cause of what is said in the second part, and the second part indicates the effect of what is said in the first)	Dash	1) The windows were thrown open - 2) the smell of pine trees entered the veranda. (V.Kochetov)
Contrast	Dash	1) Summer reserves - 2) Winter eats. (Proverb)
Quick change of events	Dash	1) The cheese fell out - 2) there was a cheat with it. (I. Krylov)

What a complex clause clause of purpose. Complex sentences with clauses

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