"Boot" - morphemic parsing of a word, parsing by composition (root suffix, prefix, ending). Matching words Matching words of the word boots

Putting on socks in the morning and taking them off in the evening, we do not bother ourselves with the question: do we know how to spell this word correctly? In the first syllable, the sound "a" is heard, and "o" is written. How to find a test word for it?

Drawing by Natalia Bush.

Science and Life // Illustrations

Let's start from afar. Vladimir Mayakovsky has a poem "Naval Love":

Running across the seas, playing
destroyer with torpedo boat.
Clings like a sedge to honey,
to the torpedo boat.
And the end would not have happened to him,
complacency to the minonos.
Suddenly a spotlight, holding up his glasses,
bit into the back of the torpedo boat.
How the copperhead will roar:
"R-r-r-astaky miner!"
Straight, to the left, to the right, he will rush,
and the torpedo boat escaped.
But he managed to hit
along the edge along the mine nose.
Crying and howling the seas are worn:
the torpedo boat was widowed.
And why is it unbearable to us
peace in the family of minos?

In these lines, you can find three different words with the root "nose". The first of them - a destroyer - a ship of small displacement, armed with torpedoes. (The words "torpedo boat" and "torpedo boat" were invented by Mayakovsky himself.) Second, the verb "to rush". In the Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language, edited by D. N. Ushakov, this word has the same meaning as the word "wear". However, "carry" means: someone or something moves something (for example, a destroyer carries mines), and with the suffix "-sya": someone or something moves itself.

The third word - "nose", according to the same dictionary of Ushakov, is the protruding part of a person's face or an animal's muzzle between the mouth (mouth) and eyes; the outer part of the organ of smell. By analogy, "nose" or "spout" is called any protruding part, for example, the front pointed part of a ship, the spout of a teapot, or a promontory protruding far into the sea, for example the seaside village of Lisiy Nos near St. Petersburg. It is clear that the words "nose" and "destroyer" are not at all related, and although the destroyer has a nose, there are no mines on that nose.

Now let's get back to the socks. What word are they related to? With the verb "carry" or with the noun "nose"? It seems that the word "sock" should be co-root with the word "wear" and hardly has anything to do with the nose. Is it so? After all, you can wear a coat, a dress, and a hat, but these items are not called "socks" at all. This must be dealt with.

In the 18th century, everyone - both men and women - wore stockings on their feet. Knitted or sewn, they were attached above the knee with garters. Then short stockings appeared, covering only that part of the leg that was in the toe of the boot, and not in its bootleg. They began to be called "socks" because they were pushed into the toe of a shoe. It turns out that socks are related to the word "nose", although they are not worn on the nose. Check the unstressed vowel in the word "socks" should be the word "nose".

Another question of practical importance. What is the correct way to say or write: “I have six socks” or “I have six socks”?

The word "sock" in the singular ends in a solid consonant "k". Usually, words with a hard consonant at the end in the genitive plural have the ending "-ov". For example: five shawls, castles, shards, islands, and so on. But there are exception words - those that denote paired items (these include the already mentioned stockings, as well as boots, boots, shoulder straps). In the genitive plural, such words have so-called zero endings: six stockings, boots, boots or shoulder straps.

The word "socks" outwitted everyone. It became "an exception from the exception" and, together with "unpaired" words, takes the ending "-ov" in the genitive plural. So it's right to say, "I have six socks." And nothing else! Let's make a table for memorization.

Words can be taken apart. Knowing these parts will help you better understand the meaning of many words, use them correctly in speech and write correctly.

Words that have a common part and are close in meaning are called related .

Genus natural - genus businessmen - genus wearers - genus nye - with genus ichi - genus

All these words have a common meaning "to be native" and a common part - genus.

Related words are close in meaning and have a common (identical) part, which contains the general lexical meaning of all related words.

The common part of related words is the root. Therefore, related words are also called cognate.

The root contains the general lexical meaning of all words of the same root.

The root is the main part of the word. It contains the basic meaning of the word. You need to be able to find roots in words in order to better understand the meanings of words and write them correctly. The root is usually denoted by an arc from above.

The roots of words in (related) same-root words are spelled the same way. Among the cognate words, there may be a word that helps to spell all other words correctly.

Examples of cognate words

Here is an example of word strings:

- leaf - leaf - leaf - flipping
- hangs - hangs - hangs - sag
- With the root -cat-: cat, cat baby boy.
- With the root-oak-: oak, oak OK.
- With the root -forest-: Forest, Forest noah, pe Forest OK, Forest Nick, Forest points.
- With the root -light-: light, light it, light lyy, by light it, races light, light ilnik, light frog.
- With the root -dar-: gift, gift it, by gift full-time, by gift OK.
- With root -screw-: screw, screw, screw.
- With the root-side-: side, side, sidewall.
- With the root-ringing-: ringing, ringing, ringing, ringing, ringing, chime.
- With the root -cold-: cold, cold, refrigerator.
- With the root-mor-: pestilence e, pestilence sky, seaside, pestilence yak, sailor.
- With the root -rosh-: grew up a, grew up true, grew up s.
- Elephant, elephant, elephant
- Salt shaker, salted, salt, salt, pickling, straws.
- Feed, trough, feed.
- Fly - pilot, flight.
- City, urban.
- Home is home.
- -var-: boiled, tea leaves, boil, broth
- -story-: storyteller, express, prompt, story
- -white-: whitewash, white, white, whitewash
- -weight-: weighing, weighing, scales, weighed
- -cis-: written, inscription, written, census
- mushroom - mushroom nickname - mushroom OK - mushroom noah - mushroom face - mushroom ochek (all these words have a common meaning and the same part - mushroom).
- fox ichka - fox a - fox onka - fox ka - fox - fox yata - fox uy (words have a common meaning for all these words - a small forest animal with a red skin and a fluffy tail, and the general part is fox).
- Pear a - pears ka - pears new - pears looking for - pears echka - pears enka (all words have a common meaning - fruit, and a common part - pears).
- Fetus- demon fetus ye - demon fetus ny-you fetus- O fetus opening - oh fetus open - oh fetus open - fetus hic - fetus it -
  fetus to go - fetus ny - fetus twisted - fetus new - fetus bearing - fetus horodium - at fetus- races fetus it - races fetus run.

It turns out that related words seem to grow from one root.

The root is the main common part of related words, which contains their main meaning. The root in related words is spelled the same way.

How to find the root in a word?

Choose as many related words as possible for the word.
Find the common part of related words, similar in spelling and meaning. This is the root of the word.

Paired consonants must be checked at the root if they appear at the end of a word or before another consonant sound.

To check, you need to change the word so that after the consonant there is a vowel sound. You can pick up a single-root word for words with paired consonants.

snow - snow - snowman
frost - frost - freeze
spoon - spoon
sleeve - sleeves
mushroom - fungus
fish - fish
bush - bushes
cold - cold
rain - rains
fur coat - fur coat
birch - birch
grass is grass.

What are the cognate words of the word "branch"?

Let's find the words of the same root for the word branch. First of all, let's select the root. The root of the word branch: -vet-
Single-root words for the word "branch":

twig, branching, branch, branching, ramification, ramification;
branchy, branched, branched;
branched;
branch, branch, branch, branch, branch, branch, branch, branch, branch, branch, branch, branch.

P.S. The words branch and branch are one-root words that have the same meaning. In these words, there is an alternation of consonants tv, etc.

Test on the topic "Single root words"

driver, aquatic, water, water, water

Right!

Not properly!

Determine which word in the chain is superfluous:
whistle, whistle, whistle, light

Right!

Not properly!

Find the common root in the chain of the same root words:
forest, forest, forester, forester

Parsing scheme for the composition of boots:

boot

Parsing the word composition.

The composition of the word "boots":

Connecting vowel: missing

Postfix: missing

Morphemes - parts of the word boots

boot

Detailed section of the boots by composition. Word cope, prefix, suffix and word ending. Mopheme division of the word of boots, its scheme and part of the word (morphology).

Morphemes scheme: boots /
Word structure by morphemes: root / ending
Scheme (construction) of the word for boots by composition: root of boots + ending zero ending
List of morphemes in the word boots:
- boot - root
- zero ending - ending
Types of morphs and their number in the word boots:
- delivery: missing - 0
- queen: boot - 1
- connecting glac: missing - 0
- cyffix: missing - 0
- postfix: missing - 0
- end: zero ending. - 1

Total morpheme in the word: 2.

Derivative parsing of the word boots

Word stem: boot;
Word-formation affixes: prefix missing, suffix missing, postfix missing;
Word formation: or non-derivative, that is, not derived from another root word; or formed in a non-adjective way: by cutting off the suffix from the stem of an adjective or verb;
Education method:
or non-derivative, that is, not derived from another root word; or formed in a non-adjective way: by cutting off the suffix from the stem of an adjective or verb
.

Morphemic parsing of the word boots

Morphemic parsing of a word is usually called parsing a word by composition - it is a search and analysis of morphemes (parts of a word) included in a given word.

Morphemic parsing of the word boots is very simple. To do this, it is enough to follow all the rules and order of parsing.

Let's make the morphemic parsing correctly, and for this we just go through 5 steps:

determining the part of speech of a word is the first step;
the second - we select the ending: for mutable words we conjugate or we inflate, for unchangeable ones (gerunds, adverbs, some nouns and adjectives, official parts of speech) - there are no endings;
further we are looking for the basis. This is the easiest part, because you just need to clip off the ending to define the stem. This will be the basis of the word;
the next step is to search for the root of the word. We select related words for boots (they are also called one-root), then the root of the word will be obvious;
We find the rest of the morphemes by selecting other words that are formed in the same way.

How do you see, morpheme parsing done simply. Now let's define the basic morphemes of the word and analyze it.

* Morphemic word parsing (word parsing) - search root , prefixes , suffix , endings and word basics Parsing of a word by composition on the site is made according to the dictionary of morphemic parsing.

1) boots: pl. from boot to m 3 * d②

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! A comment

Spelling

« SA POZHKI"- a dictionary word, ie a word, the normative spelling of which is fixed in spelling dictionaries. A letter is marked in blue with an underscore that cannot be established using a spelling rule (spelling), so the spelling of the word "boots" should be remembered.

The spelling of letters in the place of unstressed vowels in the roots is established by the forms of the checked word or the same root words or their forms in which the checked vowel is under stress 1.

In a word " boot zhki»2 2nd unstressed vowel O is checked by the cognate word " boot g».

1 See § 34 of the Russian Spelling and Punctuation Rules. Complete Academic Handbook / Under. ed. V.V. Lopatin. - M .: AST-PRESS KNIGA, 2014 .-- 432 p.

2 The vowel being checked is highlighted in green with an underscore.

Padezh		Mn. h.
AND.		boots
R.		boots
D.		boots
V.	neod.	boots
V.	soul.
T.		boots
P.		boots

2) boots: pl. from boot to m 3 * b

— noun, plural

Padezh		Mn. h.
AND.		boots
R.		boots in
D.		boots m
V.	neod.	boots
V.	soul.
T.		boots mi
P.		boots x

Correct spelling of the dictionary word "boots", which does not obey the spelling rules, with dubious letters:

boots

It should be remembered that the dictionary word "sa po gi" is written with letters " a" and " O".

Words-images for memorization:

va lenki - sa po gi
la petit - sa po gi
kalo shi - sa po gi

In the words-images, the letter, which is doubtful in the dictionary word "boots", is under stress. Therefore, in order to correctly spell the vocabulary word "sa po gi", it is necessary to recall the word-image "va lenka" and other similar word-images.

Phrases and sentences with other words:

I put on a pa lto and sa po gi.
Sa po gi on a high ka bluk.
The sausages matched well.

Combining a vocabulary word into phrases and sentences with other vocabulary words, for which the same letter is doubtful, allows you to remember the spelling of several words at once.

Phraseologisms and quotes with a dictionary word:

Clean boots walk faster. (Proverb)

Boots creak on my feet, and flies boil in the pot. (Proverb)

It rushes about like hot coals were poured into boots. (Proverb)

Phraseologisms and quotes with the word "boots" help to remember the spelling of a dictionary word in an interesting expression.

Poems with a vocabulary word for memorization:

There were boots in the corner
With big, big legs.
One lay on the right side,
The other is on the left side.

Poem by V. Azbukin.

Well, Slava's boots!
One is left. The other is the right one.
But the left is on the right
And the right one is on the left.
Explain quickly, Slava,
What has become of them?

Poem by A. Pysin.

Reading poems using a vocabulary word that doesn't obey the rules is a fun way to memorize the spelling of a word.