Septic tanks for a summer residence - what it is and how to choose the right model. How to choose a septic tank for a private house: what are the types, principles of work Choosing a septic tank for a country house comparison

The times when it was possible to simply use an outdoor toilet in summer cottages and in country houses are long gone. Modern hygienic requirements have grown significantly, and now it is necessary to strictly monitor the safety when handling household waste. Good septic tanks help to solve the problem, but in order not to be mistaken with the choice, you need to carefully study their nuances.

Peculiarities

Connection to centralized sewerage systems is not possible everywhere. Removing sewage and household waste through a septic tank is much more practical and reliable than using a banal cesspool. Speaking about the advantages and disadvantages of septic tanks, it should be noted that only one circumstance can cause certain inconveniences. This is the need to pay a certain amount of money even in the case when the device is made by hand.

The principle of operation of a storage device is simple:

waste enters the container;
as they fill up, call a car with a pump and a sewage tank;
for some time, the emptied container is again ready to receive waste.

As for the apparatus of the second type, it works in a fundamentally different way. Simple accumulation of contaminants is replaced by their filtration, absorption and thorough neutralization. The complication of the design in this case is fully justified, since it allows the most effective solution to the problem. When choosing products, it is recommended to take into account how many residents are in the house or can visit it. Also of no small importance is such a circumstance as the type of plumbing equipment and the intensity of its work.

Regardless of the specific design, it is necessary to achieve a high level of wastewater treatment so that it can be discharged into the ground without the threat of clogging. Typically, the sewage flow entering through the sewer is directed to the initial chamber, where it is separated into fractions. This leads to the fact that the largest solids settle to the bottom, and the relatively fine suspension gets to the next chamber. Specially selected anaerobic microorganisms deal with them there. As a result of biological influence, fermentation occurs, methane begins to be released.

The passages to the septic tank compartments are covered with special devices (water seals). Thanks to this solution, the nuisance characteristic of simple cesspools and sedimentation tanks is eliminated - the spread of a bad smell everywhere.

The third chamber also plays a role, in which, with the help of a filter of a special design, impurities that have overcome the first two stages are captured. The filter is assisted by aerobic bacteria that live freely in an oxygen environment. A similar device is typical for any septic tank, be it a Russian or imported product.

Completely finished specimens, after delivery to the site, are lowered into a pre-formed pit. Those effluents that managed to pass through three stages of purification are completely safe in chemical and biological terms. You can safely redirect them into the filtration field and into the soil. A wastewater treatment plant that meets SNiP standards operates successfully even in the most severe climatic conditions. Severe frosts and snowstorms are not terrible for him, and some versions do not depend on power supply at all.

If for some reason factory products do not suit you or there is a desire to save money, the land owners can make a septic tank themselves.

For this, completely ready-made tanks are supplied, but with the difference that their installation will be carried out not by a team of specialists, but by the owners themselves. It is recommended to choose the strongest materials that can successfully withstand the aggressive action of sewage waste. Before self-installation of septic tanks, drawings should be prepared in order to eliminate errors and shortcomings. Sometimes 3-6 concrete rings are enough to complete the task.

How to choose and do it yourself?

When working on an autonomous sewage system, there are no trifles, because even the slightest mistakes and shortcomings can lead to serious consequences. It is advisable to consider first the choice of the finished product, and then designing it with your own hands. In both cases, you need to take into account:

how much waste is accumulated per day;
whether they live in the house all year round or only in the warm season;
the amount of plumbing used;
the presence of groundwater and their height, chemical properties;
the amount that the owners can allocate for the purchase of plumbing equipment;
characteristics of the soil on the site.

When evaluating the properties of any septic tank, be it home-made or industrial, it is better to start analyzing them with the performance of the device. This parameter is closely related to the number of working chambers and their dimensions. Minor wastewater streams can also be passed through single-chamber septic tanks with a preliminary cleaning unit. Household waste in this case will be cleaned quite effectively. But if the total flow is over 1 cubic meter. m. in 24 hours, a more productive model is needed.

By its design, such a device is often a simple drive, systematically cleaned with your own hands or when you call a sewer truck. For permanently used houses, such solutions are unacceptable. The active accumulation of waste will provoke significant costs for the services of sewers. Increased efficiency is characteristic of biological purification complexes.

Anaerobic wastewater treatment methods inevitably generate gases that are hazardous to humans. Therefore, you need to choose only kits with a fan riser. When choosing a suitable solution, you also need to find out:

what body material will be optimal;
whether it is necessary to place the tank horizontally or vertically in the soil;
how many cleaning chambers are required.

A simple installation of concrete sedimentation tanks from blocks of typical dimensions or by pouring concrete into the formwork is available to almost everyone. The use of ready-made elements allows you not to be afraid of problems with the quality of parts manufacturing, but it increases the cost of construction. For the transportation of concrete rings, powerful transport is needed, and their installation is carried out by special lifting machines. Self-priming is more economical, but it will take noticeably more time. It will be necessary to operate the sump only after the cement mixture has completely set.

Reinforced concrete rings are difficult to seal, their suitability for repair remains in question. Such parts are very cumbersome and heavy in design. But concrete products are more resistant than plastic ones to the pressure of soil and soil water.

You should not choose budget septic tanks with metal tanks, because the savings will turn out to be illusory. It will be necessary to constantly treat the surface of the septic tank with anti-corrosion mixtures.

Metal blocks are preferred where geometrically complex overflow pipe assemblies are required. Welding is used for the installation of septic tanks made of metal. Connections to plastic pipes are made using flange systems, complemented by rubber collars. The strength and considerable weight of the steel bodies helps to avoid being pushed out by the water circulating in the soil. In many cases, plastic septic tanks are used for a cottage or a simple private house.

Plastic elements can be assembled by hand, and the tightness of the joints created with the help of cuffs is quite guaranteed. There is no need for complex protection against various substances.

After installation, plastic tanks are filled with water, this will help equalize the pressure inside and outside.

For your information: the industry produces a number of products that are characterized by increased rigidity. This allows dry septic tanks to be buried.

When choosing a device, you should pay attention to how the stock will be organized. The direction of the liquid by gravity implies the need to lay pipes at a slope. The chambers of accumulative or filtration septic tanks are equipped with stable waterproofing or are made of materials impermeable to water. When constructing a cleaning system with your own hands, you need to add overflow pipes to the septic tanks, which transfer water to the filtering area. The nozzles must be supplemented with vertical segments continuously immersed in water.

Both in self-production and when buying a ready-made kit, different methods of final soil cleaning can be used. Widely used:

filtration wells with a layer of drainage material at the bottom;
tunnel infiltration devices;
underground clearing "fields" where perforated pipes are laid.

Choosing the right approach is not easy, because you will have to take into account the required depth of wastewater treatment, the category of soils, the height of the soil water and their chemical aggressiveness. When one of the chambers is set aside for aerobic microscopic cleaning, it is supplemented with aerators, so you have to take care of a stable power supply. An air pipe is laid between the parts of the septic tanks to compensate for the uneven pressure in them.

Regardless of the design features, hatches will have to be made for inspecting and cleaning containers.

Views

A septic tank for a summer residence with 2-3 tenants can be made according to the cesspool option; it is the most economical type in terms of water consumption. The container must be very durable, and the higher its capacity (within reasonable limits), the more practical the device turns out to be.

For permanent residence with a small amount of effluent generated, it is preferable overflow systems... Such equipment performs partial cleaning of waste, and it will be necessary to empty the tank with the help of special equipment on average once every two or three years. In addition to such septic tanks, soil filtering fields are made of rocks that are permeable to water.

The advantages of this solution are:

ease of service manipulations;
long intervals from one cleaning to another;
increasing the efficiency of waste use.

But septic tanks, which have additional cleaning in the soil, cannot be used in clayey soil with insufficient liquid permeability. In addition, this design is incompatible with the high standing of the first horizon. For a private house, in many cases, more powerful and advanced sewage treatment plants are used. Overall performance is determined by the number of cameras; there is no need to make calculations when choosing a device, the number of tenants served is written on the packages.

An autonomous storage (non-volatile) septic tank is always cheaper than a power-dependent one. It's not just about operating costs, but also about the necessary basic components. The lack of connection to the mains allows you not to equip the septic tank with pumps, compressor systems and fittings. But the valves and hoses will be used on a case-by-case basis.

It is worth considering that if it is necessary to process waste as deeply as possible (for use or as prescribed by the sanitary authorities), you will have to completely abandon non-volatile solutions.

The increased efficiency of devices connected to the electrical network turns into the need to constantly withstand strictly specified conditions.

Volatile devices are best mounted on a turnkey basis with the help of specialists. Sewerage for country houses can be common for several buildings. The discharge should be planned so that it is above the soil water horizon. The hatch of the simplest accumulation system rises 10-15 cm above the soil. In order to call a pumping machine less often, it is worth choosing a product with a capacity for a month and with a reserve of at least 1/5.

Non-volatile complexes are selected in such a way that the full capacity makes it possible to absorb the volume of wastewater in 72 hours and there is still a spare volume of about 30-40%. Normal operation of overflow devices implies that the liquid fills at most ¾ of the entire tank cavity. In any case, active devices are equipped with ventilation systems. For the system to work odorlessly, the outlet must be located at a height of 300-500 cm. The tanks are cleaned from accumulated sludge every few months.

Local cleansing stations help to minimize the intensity of bad odors.

Compared to simple septic tanks, such devices are more expensive, since waste treatment is carried out not only by biological and mechanical methods. Be sure to use, in addition to infiltrators, also means of chemical treatment. For places that are not permanent, such devices cannot be used. But the level of remaining contaminants is at most 5% of the original value.

Clarified water can be used for:

irrigation of gardens, vegetable gardens and fields;
filling a landscape reservoir;
conducting construction and repair work.

When there is no need for such an application of treated effluents, they are allowed to be poured into natural reservoirs and various ditches. Sewerage facilities can withstand several hours during a power outage, but not more. Therefore, it will be necessary to supplement the treatment plant with backup power systems, even if the power networks in a particular area work quite reliably.

In any case, the fewer seams in a volatile or autonomous septic tank, the more efficient and stable it works.

Material

Polyethylene structures do not have seams at all, so cracking and leaks are excluded. Synthetic material does not rot and does not corrode. Multilayer polyethylene works stably even in frosts of 30 degrees. Fiberglass blocks are considered to be of no less quality. They are tougher than polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride, but the overall cost is much higher. Plastic is used mainly for commercial properties or for several private houses at once. Many fiberglass structures are capable of meeting the needs of up to 200 residents at the same time.
Metal products (almost always steel) usually have two parts. The internal volume of the welded body contains an additional plastic tank. Even the best steel itself is rarely used, because it can easily lose its tightness, and if the outer layer is damaged, corrosion will quickly develop.
Combined devices (metal + plastic) can have up to four sectors for sequential cleaning of incoming effluents.

Depending on the solutions of the designers, the walls are made either continuous with special holes or with overflow protrusions. Brick blocks popular in many respects because waste material can be used in their construction. At the same time, ensuring the tightness of the walls is a serious problem. The building stone initially has many gaps and gaps. To cover these holes, special sealants or penetrating mastics are usually used. Brick septic tanks are beneficial for economic reasons; when working on them, complex machines or professional skills are not required. Laying in one brick is allowed. A more reliable solution is the choice of concrete structures, they are very durable. But there is also a weak point - the need for sophisticated equipment.

For the manufacture of a septic tank, it is allowed to use both monolithic and prefabricated concrete... Monolithic elements must be poured into the formwork after the preparation of the pit. As with the use of bricks, the tightness of the joints must be assessed as carefully as possible.

Metal structures are used least often, because the negative qualities almost always outweigh the positive aspects.

Analyzing the properties of various solutions, most experts prefer plastic septic tanks.

Returning to fiberglass, we can also name such advantages as:

operational period up to 50 years;
resistance to severe cold and putrefactive processes;
immunity to rodent attacks;
the ability to pump out all waste in 60 minutes;
the ability to use salvo discharges of a significant amount of wastewater;
protection from the ingress of foreign objects;
suitability for preservation for the winter without special preparation.

As for the use of other materials at hand, such steps are not approved by professionals. They can be used only in small dachas that are visited only occasionally. Barrels, tires, old tanks and the like are used as storage devices of this kind. A surface septic tank should be installed where a lot of soil water is concentrated, and at the very surface of the soil. If these problems do not exist, it is recommended to use underground options.

Dimensions (edit)

It is important to take into account not only the properties of individual materials, but also the size of the septic tanks. When calculating sizes, one must not forget that the volume is calculated as the total volume of all constituent parts; it is calculated from the bottom to the pipe entry. In the first compartment, counting is carried out from the lowest point to the overflow device, in the final compartment - to the place where the liquid is discharged into drainage or filtration structures. It should be borne in mind that in the initial chambers the average volume of solid accumulations reaches 1/5 of the height. Therefore, it is subtracted if they only want to know the space where the liquid is.

According to building codes, even for miniseptics, the daily volume of water per user is 200 liters or 0.2 m3. The smallest storage facility is expected to be operated without draining for 72 hours, which makes it possible to compensate for various incidents and problems. When designing or choosing a solution, it should be remembered that water can be discharged into the soil layers after at least 14 days. Only under this condition will anaerobic bacteria and a sump be able to completely neutralize liquid waste. Formally, it turns out that one person will have to put a reservoir with a capacity of 2.8 cubic meters. m.

In practice, the situation is different; rarely, when the standard consumption of the standard volume of water is reached, sometimes it is half as much. This is the case in seldom used houses or in thrifty people. And the rise in the cost of water resources is forcing more and more to conserve them. The problem is that when small septic tanks are found, sanitary authorities can issue orders for the installation of more powerful systems. And they will be completely right even from a purely practical standpoint!

The reason is simple - the effluent contains many substances that are poorly processed or not assimilated by bacteria at all. Most often these are heavy fats, and therefore only the intake of a large amount of water makes it possible to achieve normal clarification. This is important not only for compliance with hygiene requirements, but also for keeping the equipment intact and safe. If the filter elements and layers are overfilled with substances that are difficult to decompose, they will lose their capacity. You will immediately have to redo the entire storage and filtering infrastructure.

On the other hand, you need to choose the volume of the chamber, focusing on the capacity of the sewage transport tanks. Small cleaning tanks that come to the call can pick up no more than 3.75 cubic meters. m. liquid. It is worth thinking about the depth at which the sludge pump can operate, it does not exceed 3 m. These moments determine the linear parameters of the septic tank inlet chamber. For sedimentation and microbiological improvement to occur more efficiently, it is recommended to use at least two-chamber complexes whenever possible.

The standardized height of the rings is 90 cm, and with an inner diameter of 1000 mm, their volume is 0.7 m3. If the diameter grows 1.5 times, the volume of the rings already reaches 1.59 m3, and two-meter structures have a volume of 2.83 cubic meters. m. As for the deepening of drain pipes at the inlet to the septic tank, it can be quite different. Excessive lowering is undesirable, it is better to strengthen the insulation layer. But there are other considerations, such as the need to hold the pipes sufficiently firmly.

Removing septic tanks from houses by more than 10 m is impractical, and the minimum slope of the pipeline is 3%. This indicator allows you not to encounter freezing of pipes and reduce the risk of filling them with solid particles. The average depth of the sewer pipeline reaches 50 cm (together with the insulating block). As a result, the depth of the overflow between the first and second compartments is 700 mm. The upper insulation is done with EPS boards at least 5 cm thick.

Taking two meter rings, it will be possible to achieve a typical volume of 2.7 m3 with a pair of compartments. If you take concrete products one and a half times larger in size, you can get by with a single-chamber design. But as already mentioned, one should not chase simplicity here. It should be borne in mind that each pipe introduced into the septic tank must end with downward-facing fittings. Tees open upwards are also used (this helps to reduce debris build-up).

Colors

The color of the septic tank can be very different, but in any case, flashy and annoying shades should be avoided. Concrete blocks look good on their own. It is recommended to use blue, white or black tones to ensure optimal appearance. Paint for any septic tank must be resistant to harmful wastewater, damage from moving soils. Any compound that is most durable and stable will do the job.

Manufacturers and reviews

The production of septic tanks is being improved year after year. Modern technologies allow you to solve any task. Leading positions in various ratings are occupied by:

"Topaz";
"Mole";
"Tank";
"Triton";
"Cedar";
Ecoline.

Version "Tank" designed to combine mechanical and biological methods for clarifying domestic wastewater. The very first fragment of the septic tank is a sump, the initially purified liquid moves to the next chamber. There, an auxiliary settling takes place and suspended particles precipitate. The third block "Tank" contains beneficial microorganisms - this increases the efficiency, but also increases the volume of the device.

The Triton brand has such competitive advantages as:

low cost;
the ability (with the help of infiltrators) to leave only 2% of the dirt in the water;
purchase of models with a variety of practical properties;
complete elimination of unpleasant odors;
strict compliance with sanitary standards;
long period of operation in normal mode.

Problems may be associated with the lack of an infiltrator or aeration fields. If there are no such opportunities, the efficiency of the septic tank turns out to be insufficient, and with a significant increase in the flow of sewage, it will not cope. Design "Topaz" has excellent economy, it works through aeration and the use of microorganisms. In the normal mode, it is possible to purify the liquid by 98%. The developers have taken care of solid tightness and excellent anti-corrosion characteristics.

To install "Topaz", you will have to prepare the foundation pit carefully. In a good recess, there are always special stiffeners, this allows you to guarantee zero risk of deformation. The first compartment is able to separate solid matter from the effluent, only then the mixture is purified using oxygen. Purified water can be widely used. But Topaz is highly dependent on electrical energy.

Firm "DSK" tried to make three-chamber products, where two segments become sedimentation tanks, and the third is equipped with a biological filter. The decomposed and clarified sewage is transferred to the soil filtering layer.

Company Unilos focused on increasing the mechanical strength of its products, creating stiffeners on them and applying molecular welding. The device of this brand of devices allows you to do without moving parts. The carefully designed 20mm thick wall easily resists ground pressure. The effluent flows sequentially through the primary settling tank, the aerobic plant and the secondary settling tank. The release of water from pollutants by 95% allows it to be used for irrigation of agricultural plants. The disadvantages of the system are dependence on the mains and instability in the cold. Moreover, such blocks are very expensive.

Septic tanks Ecoline according to the manufacturer, they are the best choice for seasonal dacha operation. With proper installation, regular use is allowed. There are only two chambers in the system with no electrical components. The entrance chamber is much larger than the exit chamber, which is responsible for gravitational clarification. Additional cleaning is done in the soil.

Ecoline's efficiency does not allow us to consider their septic tanks the optimal solution. The fact is that the amount of remaining pollution is as much as 40%. In addition, it will not be possible to use such systems in places with an increased level of soil water. Without enhanced cleaning by other means, there is a high probability of contamination of soil horizons with microorganisms. The equipment of the "Kedr" brand certainly requires cleaning with a special technique.

Primary filtration is carried out at the inlet, and the water purified from sediment passes to the second block, where it is clarified deeper. Further, the stream moves up and down, reaching the microflora fixed motionlessly. The final compartment is responsible for the accumulation of effluents.

Finnish manufacturers Uponor and Green Rock supply products of superior quality and outstanding reliability. The superior characteristics of genuine Scandinavian goods, as opposed to counterfeits, do not allow them to be sold cheaply.

There are three main sub-types in the Uponor selection.

Products "Sako" differ in partial upholding of impurities and autonomy. A filtration section in the soil must be performed without fail, otherwise the surrounding area will be a very unpleasant place.

For summer cottages, you can also put products of the series "Bio"(with enhanced chemical and microbiological water treatment). Perfectionists will be pleased with Bio Clean products, which are very compact and easy to use.
"Green Rock" supplies only septic tanks with multi-stage cleaning. All equipment of this brand combines the efforts of special reagents and microflora. This technique allows both to deploy the local sewerage system from scratch and significantly improve the existing one.

The "Bio" device requires periodic disposal of used filter blocks and special reagents, replacing them with fresh portions. Products of the Sako group do not resist cold well enough. In the most northern regions, it will be necessary to either lay insulation or choose equipment that is more stable for the winter.

Finnish goods are made using seamless technology. This is much more reliable than the Russian approach, which involves joining prefabricated parts.

Successful examples and options

In addition to choosing the right brands and models of septic tanks, you need to pay attention to the components that complement the purification system. The use of devices with a biofilter (colonies of anaerobic organisms) allows you to do without connecting to the electrical network. Microbes can get the energy they need through the decomposition of organic matter without oxygen. The carbohydrates and various amino acids contained in the sewage are broken down into low molecular weight compounds that are safe for the natural environment. An anaerobic biological filter is designed as a plastic container that is divided into pieces of a certain type.

A biological purifier necessarily contains an inert material with a large specific area, which makes it possible to combine the development of microbial colonies and additional mechanical filtration. Organic matter decomposes when passing through the biofilter into the simplest soluble substances and silt deposits. The sludge will have to be removed, but in many cases it is used as a fertilizer.

Typical fillers:

expanded clay;
plastic brushes or nets;
granular polymers of a strictly defined fraction.

Usually, the distribution of microbes in biological filters is made uniform over the surface, and if they are replenished in a timely manner, it will be possible to ensure stable operation throughout the year. Such filtering does not require any complex technical skills to operate. The systems operate for a long time and odors do not penetrate outside. Security is fully guaranteed.

In addition to organic filtration, septic tanks are often equipped with a grease trap. In a gravity drain, fatty deposits become a serious hazard, increasing the likelihood of blockages and traffic jams. Fat catchers are necessarily installed at production facilities and in places where many people live. Private homeowners do not have such prescriptions, but it is best to defend their system ahead of time before problems arise. The design and operating principle are pretty simple.

When water enters the inlet pipes, filling of the first chamber begins. As it fills, the fat particles rise to the top, as they are lighter than water. Further, the fat reaches a special tray, where it gradually accumulates. The liquid freed from it moves to another compartment, which ensures the residual breakdown of fats. For this purpose, the most powerful and effective methods are used, and when the equipment finishes working, water is poured down the drain.

The first sector is saturated with water-insoluble particles. Therefore, you will need to remove the grease trap, wash and clean it regularly. Industrial appliances are easier to clean, there are special drainage pumps or shut-off valves in the bottom for this purpose. The placement of a coarse filter in front of the catching mechanism helps to reduce the likelihood of early contamination of the catching mechanism. Traps are most effectively used, if fat is heated more than water, then it will dissolve in it and float.

Separation of waste is sometimes done by a physicochemical method. The bottom line is the use of special reagents capable of binding single particles into large collections. Such agglomerates can more easily be removed from the liquid by mechanical filters. But even with precipitation treatment in special chambers or sedimentation tanks, chemical pre-treatment helps to improve the result. The flotation method involves the use of special compressors that supply air bubbles to the cleaning chambers.

Fats, in contact with air bubbles, form special films. Bubbles go upstairs. This technique works best when drains are heated significantly, in which the fat is practically dissolved. The mechanical technique consists in the use of special membranes with finely dispersed cells. The pace of work turns out to be too slow, the filter quickly becomes dirty with a powerful intake of fats.

But on the other hand, the overall efficiency of fat extraction will be very high. The solution is suitable for filtration of effluents regardless of their temperature and degree of dissolution. The coalescing approach relies on the ability of fats to be pulled into certain structures and defended. The emulsified fat in the filter chamber, being subjected to gravity and surface tension, collects on the surface. At this point, mechanical devices (manual or automatic) can assemble it.

There is another approach - the use of centrifuges. Differences in the molecular weight of water and fats cause different moment of inertia. Therefore, when rotating in a centrifuge, the separation of various substances occurs. The body of any grease trap is made sealed, but it can always be disassembled. The inlet and outlet nozzles are connected to the device.

The lid is made in a removable or opening version, this allows:

maintain the system;
remove fat;
evaluate the performance of the system.

The housings are divided into at least two segments, which allow them to receive drains, filter them and dispense clean liquid into the drain pipe. Regardless of the design solution, mechanical filtration, an intake apparatus and a liquid level indicator are used. Manual collection of accumulated dirt is practical for a private house, where high performance is still not needed.

Plastic grease traps are used when it is necessary to neutralize a small amount of effluent, and therefore they are ideal for domestic purposes. Perfect environmental safety and ease of maintenance allow you not to encounter problems.

Casting and molding of plastics gives a wide range of all kinds of shapes. Fastening is made to the pipe itself (in a compact design). Stand-alone devices work well for maximum efficiency and are easy and comfortable to use. In addition, the capacity of the dirt compartment is larger in self-contained units. Fiberglass products are similar to simple plastic ones in their structural variety.

The susceptibility to all the main reagents found in everyday life and in drains is very low in fiberglass. The special composition does not affect the lightness, however, the rigidity to mechanical damage is very high. Grease traps made of stainless steel are considered the strongest and most stable, effectively resisting chemical and physical destructors. This technique is mainly in demand in the industrial sector, because it tolerates strong heat well. Disadvantage - it is impossible to make a steel grease trap with streamlined contours or with a non-standard configuration; Fees for metal appliances are higher than other options.

There is one more question - is it worth choosing a two-chamber or single-chamber septic tank. No such device is capable of working on its own; additional cleaning in the ground is required. These are the instructions of building codes and regulations adopted in the Russian Federation. Septic tanks perform mechanical cleaning of sediment, ferment the sediment itself, make it a mineral composition suitable for fertilizing farmland. The water will be precisely purified in the required way in one or several chambers.

But the handling of the sediment is a more delicate matter. In a single section, the sedimentation of suspended matter is nonuniform; closer to the inlet, this process is more intense. When the septic tank is divided into several sectors, this allows you to collect the key mass of the substance in the very first compartment. Then the clogging of water in the subsequent parts will be excluded and the cleaning process will be simplified. In addition, the ecological characteristics of the final flow will be the best.

The more sections, the more gentle the operating mode of the filter well, underground filtration fields and cleaning trenches will be.

It is almost impossible to clean the soil filtering complexes; a lot of money will have to be spent on their renewal. Therefore, the increase in the complexity of the septic tank has a positive effect on the convenience and comfort of consumers. It is important to take into account that the equipment of a septic tank with microbiological cleaning forces the use of only detergents that are safe for microorganisms. In addition, at temperatures of 4 degrees and below, the activity of microbes is zero, and therefore the cleaning efficiency drops sharply.

When choosing the point where the treatment plant will be delivered, a number of sanitary restrictions must be taken into account.

You cannot bring them 5 m closer to the foundations of a residential building. The gap to the foundations of non-residential buildings and their ground structures is at least 1 m.
The distance to the well or its replacement well, drilled in clay soil, is at least 20 m.If the earth is composed of sandy rocks, this gap increases to 50 m.
You can bring the septic tank closer to the road by at most 5 m, and at least 100 cm should remain to any type of fences.

It is very important to prepare the place in such a way that a car with a pump can drive up there. Alternatively, it is practiced to equip the tank with a fecal pump. The sludge extracted outside can be used as a vegetable and garden fertilizer. A capacity of 150-200 liters for each tenant allows you to confidently use bathrooms and toilets, a washing machine, and wash dishes.

The gap from the cover to the wastewater mirror should be the same as the depth of soil freezing. The entire calculated volume must be placed below this mark. The higher the temperature, the better the sewage will be processed by the microbes. The geometric shape of the septic tank does not really matter; it is not reflected in the level of efficiency and the quality of wastewater treatment in it. But there is another consideration - round equipment saves construction materials.

When using bricks, a rounded structure will help you use 10-15% fewer blocks. The rounding makes it possible to better transfer the load arising from ground movements. It is advisable to make monolithic two-chamber systems in the form of a square or rectangle. Such forms make it easier to obtain the formwork where concrete is to be poured. Filling elements can be made with your own hands, and this is only slightly more expensive than simple brick elements.

When plank shields are placed on both sides, the pits must be made 0.4 - 0.5 m wider than the size of the tank (together with the walls). If it is planned to pour the solution into the gaps of the soil and formwork, the excavation is carried out according to the external dimensions of the septic tank. When calculating the cost of work, you need to take into account the payment for the removal of the extracted land. Plane amplification is quite possible to do. But the volumetric reinforcing frames will be completely redundant for a septic tank, they will only complicate the installation and make it more expensive.

How to make a septic tank in the country with your own hands, see below.

Septic tank - a local sewerage device on the site. There are many types of systems and types.

These are simple constructions made by ourselves and sewage treatment plants. This article should help you choose the best septic tank for your private home.

The main purpose is collection, settling and purification of waste effluents. They are used in places where there is no centralized system - in suburban areas, outside the city.

There are several parameters by which this component of the local sewage system is classified:

by the number of wells;
by material;
on constructive solutions.

Based on the number of wells, there are one-chamber, two-chamber and three-chamber. The material in the manufacture is steel, reinforced concrete, plastic. By design, they are classified as storage, with soil post-treatment, with deep filtration.

Cumulative

Consists of one chamber or two interconnected wells. Waste that enters a hermetically sealed storage tank is divided into liquid and solid. Organic substances are broken down, and the liquid is settled. To prevent chambers from overflowing, they should be evacuated periodically.

This option is considered not the most expensive. They are used in dachas where accommodation takes place only during the season or on weekends. In this case, you can clean it once a year.

Important: storage systems should be used with a small amount of drains, for example, in summer cottages, otherwise the cost of their maintenance will be high.

In the construction of the structure, concrete rings and plastic containers are used.

With soil post-treatment

In a house with permanent residence of people and the presence of a water supply system, the best option would be to install an overflow structure. In it, the liquid is not only settled, but also further purified.

This type requires pumping less often. It is cleaned by hand every two to three years. To increase this period, special bacteria are used. As a result of their activity, the amount of denser waste is significantly reduced.

There is only one caveat when using this model - soil type. It cannot be built on a site with clay soil and a high GWL.

With biological treatment

The decomposition of waste in such an installation takes place in several stages and by different methods. First, liquid and solid waste fractions are separated. Then the denser ones settle to the bottom, and organic matter is bio-processed.

This model is more a cleaning station equipped with a compressor. It is quite expensive, but neutralizes up to 95% of the waste mass. Installed in areas located near a reservoir or with a high GWL. During operation, it does not emit any odors.

The principle of operation of a septic tank is based on connecting to power grids. With an unstable power supply, the station will not be able to work.

Anaerobic and aerobic

Some types of modern sedimentation tanks use bacteria. In the course of their life, they absorb waste and contribute to natural wastewater treatment. According to the principle of work, they are:

aerobic;
anaerobic.

Aerobic bacteria purify and clarify liquid by 95-98%. At the exit from the aerobic system, it meets the requirements for industrial water. This liquid can be used to water the soil or fill the reservoir.

An anaerobic septic tank requires constant care. The bioactivator must be replenished every two months to ensure that the wastewater is treated at an appropriate level. The advantages of using this type include the low cost of construction.

How to choose

In parallel with the construction of the house, a sewerage system is being designed. Previously, they did not really care about this, and all the masses were simply poured into cesspools.

Later, they began to be replaced with septic tanks - containers for collecting waste water from a residential building. To know which sump to choose, you should study all the factors that affect its location on the site.

We take into account the type of soil

The type of soil on the site should be taken into account. Some of them are not suitable for use in clayey rock, others are preferable to install in sandy soil.

In your work, you should adhere to a few simple rules:

when groundwater is located at a depth of one and a half meters, it is difficult to prepare drainage for a three-section sump;
it is preferable to mount a container with biological treatment on sandy soil. The liquid is directly discharged into the sand, where it is absorbed. Filtration drainage is arranged closer to the surface;
in case of high surface waters, the option with deep biological treatment should be used. It is made heavier with the help of improvised means or fixed.

Clay is an unstable material, which requires additional work in the installation of the sump. At the end of the frost, the structure of the clay changes, it thaws and pushes the structure out of the soil. Therefore, a septic tank in clayey rock is equipped with additional metal clamps during installation.

For containers used in clayey soils, two filtration fields are arranged. For this, two trenches are brought to the sump. In one there are, and in the other - a layer of gravel, the height of which is up to 30 cm.

Seasonality and volume calculation

An important point when choosing the type of sump is the period of residence in the country or in your house. When installing a minimum set of plumbing, an inexpensive single-chamber storage option is quite suitable.

Despite its simplicity, it is qualitatively different from a cesspool. Sand or crushed stone is poured into the bottom of the storage tank. Thus, a filtration layer is formed that cleans the effluent with a 50% result.

For longer stays, the compact two-chamber version should be purchased. It consists of sections for settling and infiltration of effluents. The use of this type of equipment is effective if the volume of the drain mass does not exceed its standard value.

Important: when purchasing a septic tank, carefully consider the choice of its technical characteristics. Particular attention should be paid to how many tenants it is designed for.

With permanent residence and sufficient funds, it is better to purchase a whole station, consisting of two or three sections. It can be factory-made or built independently from reinforced concrete rings.

With its device, a single or two-chamber accumulator and a filtering section are combined. The sedimentation tanks are made sealed, and the filtration septic tank with a drainage bottom of sand and gravel. The liquid from the storage sections is pumped out with a flusher, and the filter is changed every three years. This multi-chamber sump purifies wastewater by up to 90%.

The volume of the device is calculated based on the average daily rate of sewage per person. This figure is 200 liters. Also, when calculating the capacity of the sump, the number of people living in the house and the possibility of accumulating a three-day supply are taken into account. For example, for a family of three, the volume is calculated as follows: 200 * 3 people * 3 days - equal to 1800 liters.

In the event of the arrival of guests, the received volume should be increased by two-thirds: 1800 * 1.66 - equal to 3000 liters.

The recommended depth of the sedimentation tanks is 1.3-5 meters. Using these data, their cubes are determined and the required type is selected. With a volume of wastewater up to 1 cubic meter. use a single-chamber version, with a volume of up to 10 cubic meters. choose a two-chamber type if the volume of wastewater is more than 10 cubic meters. - three-chambered, with a drainage field.

A sump with a filtration field unites two or three wells. The drainage zone covers an area of at least 30 square meters underground. The distance from the field to the house is 30 meters.

With a high occurrence of groundwater in the area, it is recommended to install a multi-section septic tank with a biofilter. This model includes four compartments: a sump, an anaerobic chamber where large waste is decomposed, a separator containing a filter with microorganisms, and an aerobic septic tank with forced ventilation.

The performance of the proposed wastewater treatment plants meets a wide variety of requirements. On sale there are also small options for servicing a family of one or two people, and whole treatment complexes for servicing a summer cottage village.

Material for making

Most models of modern multi-chamber devices used in private homes are made from PVC. Products made of stainless steel and fiberglass are often found.

The main advantage of plastic products is their low weight. Their installation does not require the involvement of special construction equipment. On the other hand, this quality is also a disadvantage, since the container can float or be subjected to mechanical action of the soil. To protect the structure, concreting of the pit walls and securing the septic tank with belts are used.

The service life and reliability of the product depend on the choice of the material of the product:

Reinforced concrete rings used in the construction of sedimentation tanks do not undergo destructive corrosion processes. To install them, it is necessary to involve special equipment.
Metal structures are durable and low cost. But, perhaps, these are the only advantages. Such types require additional waterproofing work. The inner walls are constantly in contact with the active chemical material, which leads to destruction.
Fiberglass is a chemically neutral material that is durable, lightweight and resistant to temperature changes.

For your information: fiberglass products are the most practical to use and have a long service life.

For cleaning structures in country houses, factory or home-made sedimentation tanks are used.

Do-it-yourself options from scrap materials are suitable only for summer cottages with seasonal residence of several people. For a home with permanent residence of people, it is better to use a purchased installation, which guarantees a long and safe disposal of waste.

The use of a two-chamber device allows for the primary treatment of wastewater and safely discharges the treated water into the soil.

Service

Trouble-free operation of a septic tank requires its maintenance. These works are carried out on their own or with the involvement of specialists.

Simple two-chamber designs, made by hand, are maintained by the owners of the houses themselves. These works include pumping out solid fractions and sludge from the settler chamber, replacing microorganisms for the decomposition of organic matter, revision of ventilation and overflow pipes.

The filter layer at the bottom of the leaking chamber should be replaced every three years. This should be done, since the bottom is silted up, which leads to a deterioration in its performance.

By performing these simple operations, you will extend the operation of the local sewerage system for several years.

If your house is serviced by a multi-chamber treatment plant, then its disassembly, filter cleaning, and membrane replacement should be carried out by qualified specialists.

Costs for a local sewerage device

The cheapest structures are sedimentation tanks or sewers. If you dig a pit yourself, then the financial costs will only go to the purchase of a container for drains. The approximate price of septic tanks with a volume of 1.4 to 5.0 thousand liters is 15.0-62.0 thousand rubles.

When installing a local sewage system, the costs include not only the purchase of sedimentation tanks, but also the purchase of pipes, waterproofing, and the purchase of components for.

The cost, consisting of two or three reinforced concrete sedimentation tanks with waterproofing and a cushion of sand and crushed stone, is about 42.0-47.0 thousand rubles. The price depends on the diameter of the rings, their number, the choice of water treatment method.

The applied installations for deep biological wastewater treatment have a high cost. Arranged in the form of combined units, equipped with biofilters. They are made of reinforced concrete, plastic and metal. Price from 80.0 to 345.0 thousand rubles.

Popular models and operating principles

two-chamber septic tank with a drainage field. It allows you to make the drains cleaner and use the services of a sewer less often. The drainage area is up to 30 square meters. area underground. Distance from home - at least 30 m;
multi-section sump with biofilter. It is used in the case of permanent residence of a family of 3-4 people in a country house and with a high occurrence of groundwater at the site.

The standard model consists of four sections: a sump directly, a chamber for the splitting of coarse waste with anaerobic, a separator with microorganisms, an aerobic septic tank that plays the role of a drainage field.

Designs can be found to suit a wide variety of user requirements. It can also be sewage treatment plants. Rating:

"Triton". Compact in size three-chamber sump for summer cottages.

It is produced in models, the volume of which is from 2 to 40 cubic meters. Coarse waste is cleaned twice a year. The service life, subject to the rules, is about 50 years.

When installing, the walls of the pit are concreted to securely fasten the structure.

For small summer cottages with seasonal accommodation for one or two people, a two-chamber model "Triton-mini" is used.

"Tank". The septic tank is made of high-strength plastic.

The principle of operation is based on the step-by-step purification of effluents using sedimentation and the use of biofilters. The main advantages include ease of installation, a high level of purification, and low cost. Cleaning is carried out every five years.

"Topas". It is a volatile model, as it operates on electricity.

Wastewater is cleaned in several stages: decomposition of large particles, reduction of their degree of mineralization, mechanical removal of components. Allows to clean drains by 98%, which is the best indicator. Purified water is used to irrigate the soil.

In order to choose the right option, you should find out the requirements of its work and study the conditions of the site. Then compare the characteristics of the models offered by different manufacturers.

Useful video

Detailed analysis:

Everything on the shelves:

It is not so easy to purchase a suitable septic tank for a country house - what to choose depends on many factors, so it is important to determine the main priorities and criteria for evaluating the compared models. Of course, professional advice and help from neighbors can be of great help, but remember that the choice is individual in each case. It depends, first of all, on the needs of the residents of the house and the conditions at a particular facility. The right choice will provide maximum comfort and avoid problems during the operation and maintenance of an autonomous sewage system.

When figuring out which septic tank to choose for a country house, you should understand that it is important not only to compare the models with each other, but also to correlate their characteristics with specific conditions.

Consider the following features:

climatic conditions,
structure, density and other features of the soil on the site,
operating mode, which is determined by the nature of living in the house (permanent, seasonal, periodic),
the average daily volume of wastewater (this parameter can be calculated according to a more complex scheme, taking into account the type and number of plumbing fixtures and washing equipment, but more often they use a simplified scheme, considering that the average daily water consumption of one person is about 200 liters).

Recyclers models and their features

Any septic tank for the sewerage of a country house has its own characteristics.

Storage devices

Accumulators are the cheapest and easiest utilizers at the construction stage. It is advisable to choose them in the case when the house is not used too often or if the owners are ready to often use the services of sewers.

Factory septic tanks with additional post-treatment stages

Factory non-volatile septic tanks for a country house (for example, Tank, Triton, etc.) for effective operation are supplied with infiltrators or soil purification systems for them can be arranged independently. In the tanks of such products, settling and partial purification of effluents occurs, and the final biological decomposition of impurities with the help of bacteria is carried out in the ground. Many people know that for the installation of such septic tanks areas with high groundwater levels are not suitable, however, there is one more nuance - filtration fields cannot always be in one place, and their transfer is a rather laborious business, associated with the performance of a large amount of earthwork. The choice of a septic tank for a country house should take into account all the features of operation.

Advice: Instead of filtration fields, it is possible to use a drainage well with a filtration bottom.

Self-made septic tanks

Self-construction of a septic tank takes time and effort, but this is largely justified by the cost-effectiveness of the option. Building a septic tank is much cheaper than purchasing a factory model.

Consecutively connected sedimentation tanks, poured concrete or, as well as other materials, provide a stepwise clarification of effluents and can be quite effective with the correct choice of volume and type of structure, as well as subject to the recommendations of specialists at the construction stage.

Deep cleaning stations

Local deep wastewater treatment plants can only be purchased. The sedimentation of impurities in such models is combined with the decomposition of organic inclusions under the influence of and anaerobic and aerobic bacteria... The advantages of such facilities are a high degree of purification and minimal maintenance requirements - VOCs operate in an automatic mode. However, it should be remembered that deep cleaning stations volatile and need to be connected to the mains supply... In addition, for many country house owners, the high cost of VOCs is a limiting factor in purchasing.

Features of the soil

Before determining which septic tank is best for a country house, study in detail the geological conditions at your site. In addition to the type of soil, the level of occurrence of surface waters is important, as well as the height of their rise, for example, during a flood.

Models for light soils

If the soil in the country house or in the backyard of a country house is sandy or with a high content of sand (sandy loam), any type of septic tank can be chosen for arranging an autonomous sewage system. In particular, models with soil purification systems are effective under these conditions, since light soils pass and filter water well.

On light soils, both expensive bio-purification stations and simple budget storage devices work well.

The photo shows an example of the arrangement of filtration fields on the site

Heavy soil models

The high content of clay, which passes water only in a dry state, and, being saturated with moisture, becomes a waterproofing agent, imposes certain restrictions on the choice of a treatment facility. If the soil on the site is clay or loam, and you are looking for the best septic tank for a country house, the rating will be topped by sealed storage tanks and local treatment plants (VOCs). In this case, it is not rational to install a model with soil post-treatment. Theoretically, this is possible, but for the normal functioning of the device, you will have to perform a huge amount of earthwork - remove the clay soil, replacing it with crushed stone or sand.

Models for areas with high water levels

A high level of soil waters or their significant rise in floods can create certain problems in the operation of an autonomous sewage system. To avoid them, it is important to choose the right type of heat exchanger. Models that provide for the filtration of wastewater through the soil will not work in this case - the impurities in them will get into the groundwater.

Acceptable options are:

sealed storage devices,
VOCs, which provide for forced removal of the purified liquid,
septic tanks with a post-treatment system located on the ground surface.

Obviously, under any conditions, you can find the best septic tank for a country house - decide what to choose for yourself.

Wastewater treatment plant performance

For trouble-free operation of the septic tank and to prevent overfilling of tanks, it is important to choose the right model performance. This parameter, in turn, is related to the volume of cameras and their number.

It has already been indicated above that the average daily volume of fluid consumption is about 200 liters per person. The septic tank, according to the accepted norms and rules, must contain the amount of drains in three days, so this figure should be tripled and multiplied by the number of residents. The obtained result will be the required performance of the utilizer, but experts do not recommend choosing “at a minimum”, a small margin should be made - 10-15% of the estimated volume, which is a kind of insurance and a way to reduce the risk of overflow of tanks.

Having decided on the volume of the product, you can solve the issue of the number of cameras.

Single-chamber models are suitable with a minimum amount of wastewater (average daily volume less than a cubic meter).
If the daily volume of wastewater is no more than ten cubic meters, a two-chamber septic tank will be the best option.
Three-chamber models will ensure trouble-free disposal of waste, even if a family of 4 people permanently lives in the house, they are designed to process wastewater in a volume of more than 10 cubic meters per day.

Pricing

Many manufacturers produce various types of septic tanks for a country house. The presence in the model lines of products with different parameters allows you to make a rational choice for each house. At the same time, there are also specific features for each brand.

All parameters affect the cost of the utilizer, including:

septic tank volume,
the number of tanks connected in series (chambers, cleaning stages),
technology used for wastewater treatment,
availability of additional equipment (float level meters, automatic control systems, filters, drainage pumps, airlifts, compressors),
body material,
company manufacturer.

You can learn from another article as a soil purification system.

If you decide to use it as a sewer, then our article will help in their selection and installation.

About the features of an independent outdoor toilet device here.

Popular models

In order to make it easier to navigate in the variety of models, we offer a brief overview of septic tanks for a country house from the most famous manufacturers.

Tank

Non-volatile septic tanks, one of the advantages of which is the presence of a monolithic body, which excludes the possibility of waste getting into groundwater. To increase the strength of the case, they are equipped with stiffening ribs. In the model range of septic tanks of this brand there are compact models for a small summer cottage (productivity - 600 l / day) and high-performance (from 1200 l / day) products designed for permanent residence of a family of 5-6 people.

Triton

Septic tanks Triton are compact single-chamber models of the "mini" class (Triton-Mini, Triton-Micro) and models for a large amount of wastewater (from 1000 l / day) with three chambers connected in series (Triton-T). All structures are characterized by increased strength, capable of withstanding loads from soil pressure.

Topas

Models of this brand are energy-dependent (refer to deep biological treatment plants - they purify wastewater by 98%), but differ from analogues in low energy consumption. Reviews of septic tanks for a country house brand "Topas" prove their reliability. In addition, users note a large selection of products that differ in technical characteristics (productivity, the degree of burial of the sewer pipe, the method of drainage, etc.).

The septic tank has long gained popularity among the owners of country houses. This is a much more practical and safe treatment plant than a cesspool, to which many summer residents are so accustomed. The design of septic tanks includes chambers where waste water is settled, purified and processed. Thus, the water becomes environmentally friendly. And the principle of operation of septic tanks is that sewer pipes are laid from the house and connected to the device.

A septic tank for a summer residence periodically requires cleaning. Depending on the type of construction, cleaning is carried out every one to five years. A septic tank will be a suitable option for sewerage in a suburban area. For detailed information on installing, conducting and connecting the sewage system in a private house, you can find the link http://marisrub.ru/uslugi/inzhenernye-sistemy/kanalizatsiya.

Today, various types of septic tanks are produced for a country house, which differ in performance and volume, material of manufacture and other parameters. Let's find out the rules for choosing and consider the rating of septic tanks for a country house.

Types of septic tanks

They produce volatile and autonomous septic tanks, models of horizontal and vertical arrangement, devices that differ in the type of work. In the latter case, accumulative models, devices with soil filtration and deep cleaning are distinguished.

A storage septic tank is the most affordable option, representing an improved cesspool. Waste water enters the tank and is divided into the accumulators into fractions. The septic tank is cleaned as it fills.

This model is characterized by availability, easy installation and low cost. However, they are not very easy to use and require frequent cleaning. The storage structure is suitable for a summer residence, which is used for seasonal living and housing.

Septic tanks with soil filtration and post-treatment are suitable for those who constantly live outside the city. In such a device, wastewater is cleaned, and not only accumulates and is divided into fractions. Post-treatment facilities can be cleaned once every two to three years. By the way, to increase the time between cleanings, special bacteria additives are used for septic tanks.

The structure with soil post-treatment consists of two chambers. Such models are characterized by ease of use and maintenance, but they are not suitable for installation in areas with clay soil and elevated groundwater levels.

Septic tanks with deep cleaning purify and disinfect water by 90-100%, so the wastewater is disposed of into the ground without the risk of environmental pollution. The system is distinguished by its versatility and high level of wastewater treatment, odorlessness and easy installation.

The septic tank with deep biological cleaning does not require regular cleaning and constant monitoring of the device. Cleaning is carried out no more than once every five years. This is a suitable option for a country cottage where people live permanently. Among the disadvantages, we note the high cost of equipment and installation, however, there are practically no additional costs for subsequent operation.

In addition, septic tanks are also divided according to the type of material. The equipment is made from plastic, metal, brick and other raw materials. The most affordable and popular are plastic models, which are characterized by high strength and tightness, light weight and installation, corrosion resistance. But when installing such a structure, there is a risk that the capacity will suffer when the soil moves.

Brick septic tanks will not give proper sealing, therefore, additional waterproofing is required during installation. But reinforced concrete septic tanks will become a reliable device that will last a long time. Experts do not recommend installing metal models, as they are susceptible to corrosion, which reduces the service life.

How to choose the right septic tank for a summer residence

If the suburban area is located in warm regions or in central Russia, choose plastic products. For northern and cold regions, it is better to choose reinforced concrete structures that can withstand frost, temperature changes and humidity;
For year-round living in a country house, a septic tank with deep biological treatment is well suited; for seasonal stay in the country, standard accumulative models are often used;
Each model is characterized by a certain performance. You can easily calculate the required performance by multiplying 200 liters by the number of people who constantly live in the house. Where 200 liters is the approximate volume of water that one person uses per day;
If the house has two or more bathrooms, then the volume of the tank should be larger. Consider how many people constantly live in the room. So, for a one-story house with one bathroom and with 3-5 people living all year round, a septic tank with a volume of 2-3 m3 is suitable;
Study the characteristics and opinions on the model's performance. Next, we list the best septic tanks for a country house: a rating based on reviews from buyers and experts.

Top 10 septic tanks for summer cottages

Brand	Description	Volume (L)	Productivity (l / day)
Tank	Stand-alone, durable and reliable septic tank made of plastic for any type of soil, easy installation and affordable price, will last more than 50 years. Requires cleaning only once every 4-5 years. Suitable for both seasonal and permanent residence	1200;	600;
Triton	Self-contained plastic device with a service life of about 50 years, high tightness and affordable price, easy installation and compact dimensions. The best option for a country house, requires cleaning once every 1-2 years	750;	250;
Tver	Plastic septic tank, simple design, easy installation, suitable for any soil, but depends on electricity, affordable price. Ideal for country cottages	3000;	750;
Poplar	A durable plastic model that can withstand frost down to -30 degrees and will easily last 50 years, works without pumping out and smell, depends on electricity. Suitable for large cottages and industrial premises	2500;	650;
Topas	Compact and unpretentious device works without pumping out, easy installation and service life of about 50 years, simple maintenance	2300;	800;
Ecopan	Stable and reliable septic tank, suitable for problem soil, cleaning with a pump, works autonomously. Service life over 50 years, high corrosion resistance. Suitable for country houses and small cottages	4200;	500;
Aqua-bio	Easy to set up and easy to maintain device for country houses and seasonal living, sealed and durable, low price, but not suitable for soils with high groundwater levels	2000;	700;
Unilos	An efficient plastic septic tank without pumping out, it runs on electricity, but the process of operation is provided for in case of power outages	1700;	1000;
Leader	Stable and robust design, easily tolerates overloads due to contaminated drains, does not require the use of dietary supplements, works on electricity	3600;	500;
Yubas	Monolithic body, requires frequent cleaning, easy operation and maximum purification of the most polluted wastewater, too expensive for small country houses	2400;	1000;

Experts call the Tank the best autonomous septic tank. Among devices that depend on electricity, Poplar received the largest number of positive reviews. But remember that the choice is influenced by the amount of water consumed and the number of bathrooms, the type of residence in a country house and the characteristics of the soil.

Experienced masters will tell "MariSrub" which septic tank to choose for a summer residence. We will select a durable and sealed model, perform the installation reliably and quickly, connect the sewage system and other engineering systems in a private house.

Already at the first stages of creating a project for a wooden house, we carry out the necessary calculations for the installation of each engineering system, including water supply and sewerage, ventilation and electrical wiring, heating. As a result, you get a reliable system that will work for many years without problems!

The best solution to the problem of wastewater disposal in the country, where there is no central sewerage system, is to install a septic tank. Finding the right model, however, may not be as easy as anticipated. A huge assortment of various designs and modifications offered by modern manufacturers poses the question to the user: which is the best septic tank for a summer residence? After reviewing the information provided below, you can get a more complete picture of the home sewage system and wastewater treatment system and already consciously start choosing the design of the treatment plant.

Read in the article:

What is a septic tank: purpose, installation requirements

A septic tank is a sewage treatment plant, the purpose of which is the collection, processing and disposal of sewage. Buying a septic tank for a summer residence means ensuring comfortable use of water resources and a toilet. Household and household sewage in the form of a contaminated liquid cannot be simply poured onto the ground or into open tanks. This is always accompanied by unpleasant odors, soil and groundwater pollution, which threatens local environmental damage.

Therefore, for the arrangement of sewage systems in private territories, which include summer cottages, country cottages, estates, estates, special containers were invented for the safe concentration of waste effluents in them. Over time, these tanks were modernized into whole systems and began to be called septic tanks, to which modern people are already accustomed and treats as an integral part of the arrangement of everyday life and comfort.

The view of a well-maintained septic tank does not spoil the appearance of the site

Currently, the user has the opportunity to choose between the simplest models of storage septic tanks for summer cottages or more complex designs that provide for additional filtration and even deep cleaning with subsequent disposal.

Practical advice! It should be remembered that no matter what type of structure the user chooses, its installation must meet certain requirements provided for by building codes and regulations (SNiP).

They provide a safe distance from the septic tank to some objects:

from buildings, residential premises - at least 5 meters;
water sources used for drinking - 50 m;
water channels (natural and artificial) with running water -10 m, and stagnant reservoirs - 30 m;
motorways, highways, roads (including country roads) - more than 5 m;
trees - 3 m;
gas pipelines, underground laying - 5 m.

Such removal distances are provided in case of damage to the integrity of the tank, in order to prevent the harmful effects of its contents on the listed objects.

Which septic tank to choose for a summer residence: choice options, classification

Before purchasing and installing a sewage treatment system, you need to decide which model is most effective for specific operating conditions. How to choose a septic tank for a summer residence? - this question can be answered by familiarizing yourself with the types of structures, their designs and characteristics.

There are the following types of septic tanks:

cumulative- operating on the principle of a cesspool, which is a container for collecting and accumulating household and domestic wastewater from the house until the moment of pumping out using special equipment (sewage machine);
with soil filtration (drainage) system- providing preliminary treatment and clarification of effluents before they are transferred to the drainage system, where they are finally purified and dissolved in soil layers;
using bio-purification- providing for the use of various methods that allow for almost complete purification of effluents and their safe discharge into the soil or water body.

On plots with non-permanent residence, it is enough to install a storage tank, which will act as a septic tank for a toilet in the country.

If a family is supposed to live, as well as receive guests, then you need to think about installing a treatment plant with sufficient volume and good performance.

With the exception of accumulative models, the purification systems of the country sewage system function through the use of microorganisms - bacteria that process organic impurities of waste masses coming from the house, thereby purifying them to the state of water. These bacteria are:

Depending on the bacteria used, septic tanks are divided respectively into anaerobic and aerobic models.

Design features and principle of action of anaerobic septic tanks

This type of treatment plant is a one-, two- or three-chamber tank, hermetically sealed, in which stage-by-stage processes of decomposition of organic components of sewage and removal of the purified product take place by withdrawal into the soil layers.

The most popular are considered to be septic tanks of the anaerobic type with two chambers. Sewage enters the first chamber, where sedimentation and separation of solid particles are carried out. Then the contents are poured into the second compartment, where it is processed by aerobic microorganisms and cleaned. The clarified liquid is discharged through a drain pipe and dissolved in the soil through the drainage system.

The vital activity of aerobes and their work on the decomposition of organic impurities in household and household waste is accompanied by the release of gases: CO 2 - carbon dioxide; CH 4 - methane; NH 3 is ammonia; H 2 S - hydrogen sulfide.

Some of these gases dissolve perfectly in water and are removed with it, and some are removed through the ventilation system, which provides for a check valve that allows exhaust gases to be released outside, but prevents oxygen from entering.

To improve the quality of cleaning, some models provide for the presence of a biofilter - an additional chamber loaded with a special filler that creates favorable conditions for the growth of anaerobic bacteria. As a filler, polymer granules, expanded clay or plastic nets are used.

The main advantages of anaerobic models are:

simplicity of design - no complex technical and electrical elements;
energy independence - the cleaning process takes place in the course of natural reactions;
relatively low cost.

With a lack of beneficial microbes or low efficiency of their "work", you can buy anaerobic bacteria for a septic tank in order to artificially increase their population in septic chambers by "sharing".

The device and conditions for the functioning of aerobic septic tanks

Unlike previous models, the principle of action of aerobic septic tanks is based on increasing the access of oxygen to the septic chamber to maintain the activity of aerobes, which cannot exist without it. For this purpose, the designs of such structures provide for the presence of compressors, pumps, aerators (air nozzles through which air enters the tank in the form of a cloud of bubbles).

An aerobic septic tank for a summer residence cannot be called non-volatile, but its main advantages are:

high performance with smaller tank volumes;
waste processing rate;
high quality cleaning.

The disadvantages are the relatively high cost and the inability to maintain operational efficiency in the absence of power.

The structure consists of two or three chambers. Sewage flows into a receiving tank, where coarse and heavy fractions are separated from smaller particles. From the constant access of oxygen supplied through the aerators, the bacteria are in an active state and carry out the processing of organic compounds, cleaning the contents of the chamber. The purified water enters the secondary settling tank, where it is finally clarified and removed, freeing up space for the newly arriving liquid.

To maintain the stable performance of the purification system, it is recommended to add to it special additives containing aerobic bacteria for a septic tank, which can be purchased commercially.

What is a mini septic tank for a summer residence: distinctive features, advantages

Models of mini septic tanks are specially designed for arranging local sewerage in summer cottages. They may well cover the needs of two people with permanent residence, or the whole family with periodic visits to the personal plot.

The prefix "mini" implies that the volume of such a structure is only 1m³. Despite its small size and low capacity, the structure is capable of processing up to 200-300 liters of liquid per day.

The smallest septic tank for a summer residence has a principle of operation based on the same processes as in the models described above: settling, purification from organic matter due to bacteria, clarification and disposal through the drainage system.

The advantages of such models of mini septic tanks for summer cottages without pumping out include:

durability - the material of manufacture (plastic or polyethylene) is not subject to corrosion and, if used correctly, have a long working life;
ease of maintenance - consists in pumping out the sediment as it accumulates, which is extremely rare;
small dimensions - allow the installation of the product even on a small plot of land;
availability - the cost of mini installations compares favorably with larger counterparts.

Related article:

In the article, we will try to figure out how you can do what is required for this, how difficult such work is, how to save money on construction.

Another advantage of the described models is the ease of installation, which, due to its small size and weight, can be produced even by one person.

Septic tanks for a summer residence which is the best price: review, comparison, analysis

The modern market is replete with offers of its products from various manufacturing firms. The differences between the best septic tanks for summer cottages from more mediocre models do not have a pronounced character, they need to be looked for in details.

Choosing the right model of a wastewater treatment plant is not an easy task.

It is impossible to make a decision based only on the volume of septic chambers, considering that the larger the container, the less often it needs to be pumped out. Without a well-functioning drainage system, any septic tank will have to be pumped out often. It is necessary to take into account the possibility of installing additional post-treatment systems in case the purification quality is not high enough. It would be wrong to choose an aerobic septic tank for a site where power outages occur or a mini model for a large country house with permanent residence.

Practical advice! The best septic tank is the one that is suitable for specific operating conditions, has the required performance and cost, available to the user's purchasing power.

Choosing the best septic tank for a country house: rating of well-known manufacturers, product review

Most brands present a range of their products with different modifications in order to interest the largest circle of buyers and draw their attention to their products. Manufacturers of septic tanks are no exception.

The user is invited to familiarize himself with the rating of 10 well-known brands - manufacturers of treatment facilities for local sewage systems, which for many years have occupied a leading position in popularity among customers.

"Topas" - high cleaning rates

The model range of Topas septic tanks has more than 30 items. The most popular models for a summer residence or a country house, designed for a family of several people, are presented to the attention of users. These septic tanks are of the aerobic type. Having decided to buy a septic tank Topas inexpensively from the manufacturer, the purchase price will depend on the name of the model and its technical characteristics:

Model	Description
Topas-5	Designed for 5 people Dimensions - 1.1x1.2x2.5 m Productivity - 1 m³ / day Price - 79 900 rubles.
Topas-8	Assumes 8 users Dimensions - 1.6x1.2x2.5 m Electricity consumption - 1.5 kW / day Productivity - 1.5 m³ / day Price - 99,900 rubles.
Topas-10	Accommodates up to 10 people Dimensions - 2.1x1.2x2.5 m Electricity consumption - 2 kW / day Productivity - 2 m³ / day Price - 125,500 rubles.

Model

Description

Topas-5

Designed for 5 people

Dimensions - 1.1x1.2x2.5 m

Productivity - 1 m³ / day

Price - 79 900 rubles.

Topas-8

Assumes 8 users

Dimensions - 1.6x1.2x2.5 m

Electricity consumption - 1.5 kW / day

Productivity - 1.5 m³ / day

Price - 99,900 rubles.

Topas-10

Accommodates up to 10 people

Dimensions - 2.1x1.2x2.5 m

Electricity consumption - 2 kW / day

Productivity - 2 m³ / day

Price - 125,500 rubles.

When ordering the installation of a septic tank Topas, the price with turnkey installation will be: Topas-5 - 107,000 rubles, Topas-8 - 128,000 rubles, Topas-10 - 155,000 rubles.

"Tank" - reliability lives up to the name

These systems consist of several chambers in which cleaning processes take place. The characteristics that the septic tank has, the reviews of the owners about its practicality indicate the high quality of performance and the reliability of the product. The lineup includes five models:

Model	Description
Tank-1	Designed for 2-3 people Dimensions - 1.2x1x1.7 m Volume - 1.2 m³ Productivity - up to 600 l / day Price - 20,000 rubles, with an infiltrator and installation - 56,700 rubles.
Tank-2	Provides use of up to 4 people Dimensions - 1.8x1.2x1.9 m Volume - 2 m³ Productivity - up to 800 l / day Price - 29,200 rubles, with an infiltrator and installation - 71,700 rubles.
Tank-2.5	For use by 5 residents Dimensions - 2x1.2x1.95 m Volume -2.5 m³ Productivity - 1000 l / day Price - 33,700 rubles, with an infiltrator and installation - 79,200 rubles.
Tank-3	For a family of 6 members Dimensions - 2.2x1.2x 2 m Volume - 3 m³ Productivity - 1200 l / day Price - 40,400 rubles, with an infiltrator and installation - 88,000 rubles.
Tank-4	For 9 people Dimensions - 3.8x1x1.7 m Volume - 3.6 m³ Productivity 1800 l / day Price - 52,400 rubles, with an infiltrator and installation - 103,000 rubles.

When ordering a septic tank installation Tank, the price may increase depending on the number of mounted infiltrators (there can be 1, 2 or 3 pcs.).

"Termit" is a profitable solution at an affordable price

Compiling a review of Termit septic tanks, the reviews of the owners are extremely positive, noting the energy independence and economy of the product. The ease of maintenance of the structure is also noted. The lineup includes six modifications designed for a different number of users with different performance. The most popular are:

Model	Description
Termite-1,2	Number of users - 1-2 people Dimensions - 1.16x1.16x1.55 m Volume - 1.2 cubic meters Productivity - 700 l / day Price - 26,000 rubles.
Termit-2	Number of users - 3-4 people Dimensions - 1.39x1.15x1.99 m Volume - 2 cubes Productivity - 1000 l / day Price - 39,000 rubles.
Termit-3	Number of users - 5-6 people Dimensions - 2.22x1.16x2.05 m Volume - 3 cubes Productivity - 1300 l / day Price - 49,000 rubles.
Termite-3.5	Number of users - 6-7 people Dimensions - 2.3x1.15x2.01 m Volume - 3.5 cubic meters Productivity - 1500 l / day Price - 57,000 rubles.

When ordering a turnkey installation of the Termit septic tank, the price of work will be 18,500, 22,000, 30,000 and 35,000 rubles, respectively.

"Aqua-Bio" - operational parameters and prices

The principle of operation is based on the step-by-step treatment of sewage in several septic chambers. Due to the large internal volume, the Aqua-Bio septic tank is able to accept a significant salvo discharge, as well as for a long time to do without pumping out with sewage equipment. The models are reliable and durable, however, the prices for the product cannot be called budget.

Model	Description
Aqua-Bio 2000	For a family of 2 members Volume - 2000 liters. Productivity - 0.7m³ / day Cost - 40 thousand rubles.
Aqua-Bio 2500	For a family of 4 Volume - 2500 liters. Productivity - 0.9 m³ / day Cost - 48 thousand rubles.
Aqua-Bio 3000	For a family of 6 members Volume - 3000 liters. Productivity - 1.1 m³ / day Cost - 57 thousand rubles.
Aqua-Bio 3600	For a family of 7 Volume - 3600 liters. Productivity - 1.3 m³ / day Cost - 70 thousand rubles.

Practical advice! Installation of the Aqua-Bio septic tank is not recommended under conditions when the level of the first ground water carrier is located above the two-meter mark. Or it is necessary to use a special technology with the device of a concrete base and anchoring the reservoir to it.

"Tver" - high-level biological treatment

The design of the septic tank provides for the use of a bioreactor and aeration tanks, which provides a high degree of wastewater treatment. The recycled liquid can be used to water garden crops or drain into a simple ditch or roadside ditch. With proper operation, the liquid should not exude any odors.

Model	Description
Tver 0.75	Designed for 3 people Dimensions - 2.25x0.85x1.67 m Volume - 0.75 m³ Productivity - 0.7 m³ / day Price value –70 thousand rubles.
Tver 1 P	Designed for 5 people Dimensions - 2.5x1.1x1.67 Volume - 1, 1 m³ Productivity - 1 m³ / day Price value - 100 thousand rubles.
Tver 1.5 P	Designed for 8 people Dimensions - 3.5x1.1x1.67 Volume - 1.5 m³ Productivity - 1.5 m³ / day Price value - 130 thousand rubles.

Model

Description

Tver 0.75

Designed for 3 people

Dimensions - 2.25x0.85x1.67 m

Volume - 0.75 m³

Productivity - 0.7 m³ / day

Price value –70 thousand rubles.

Tver 1 P

Designed for 5 people

Dimensions - 2.5x1.1x1.67

Volume - 1, 1 m³

Productivity - 1 m³ / day

Price value - 100 thousand rubles.

Tver 1.5 P

Designed for 8 people

Dimensions - 3.5x1.1x1.67

Volume - 1.5 m³

Productivity - 1.5 m³ / day

Price value - 130 thousand rubles.

Choosing a septic tank "Tver", you can buy it at a relatively high price, which is fully justified by the high performance, functionality and unpretentiousness of the product.

Unilos - high technologies, excellent results

The Unilos lineup offers products of various capacities, among which there are stations with a capacity of up to 30 m³ / day. As for models intended for a summer residence or a country house, the following designs should be noted:

Model	Description
Unilos Astra-3	Provides 3 tenants Dimensions 1.12x0.82x2.03 m Electricity consumption - 40 W / h Processing speed - 0.6 m³ / day. Cost - 66 thousand rubles.
Unilos Astra-5	Provides 5 residents Dimensions - 1.12x1.12x2.36 m Electricity consumption - 60 W / h Processing speed - 1 m³ / day. Cost - 79 thousand rubles.
Unilos Astra-10	Provides 8-10 tenants Dimensions - 2.0x1.16x2.36 m Electricity consumption - 100 W / h Processing speed - 2 m³ / day. Cost - 130 thousand rubles.

Model

Description

Unilos Astra-3

Provides 3 tenants

Dimensions 1.12x0.82x2.03 m

Electricity consumption - 40 W / h

Processing speed - 0.6 m³ / day.

Cost - 66 thousand rubles.

Unilos Astra-5

Provides 5 residents

Dimensions - 1.12x1.12x2.36 m

Electricity consumption - 60 W / h

Processing speed - 1 m³ / day.

Cost - 79 thousand rubles.

Unilos Astra-10

Provides 8-10 tenants

Dimensions - 2.0x1.16x2.36 m

Electricity consumption - 100 W / h

Processing speed - 2 m³ / day.

Cost - 130 thousand rubles.

The most popular model is the septic tank Unios Astra-5, the price of which is quite comparable with the price values of similar models from other manufacturers. The use of compressors, aerators and hydraulic pumps in Yunios products makes it possible to purify wastewater up to 95-98%, which allows them to be drained directly to the ground or a reservoir.

"Leader" - multistage sewage treatment

The range of products offered reaches 12 items. For use as a local wastewater treatment system in a country house or a country house, the following models can be considered the most optimal:

Model	Description
Leader-1	Number of residents - 5 people Compressor power - 40 W / h Productivity - up to 1.2 cubic meters / day Cost - 105 thousand rubles
Leader-1.5	Number of residents - 7 people Compressor power - 60 W / h Productivity - up to 1.8 cubic meters / day Cost - 125 thousand rubles
Leader-2	Number of residents - 9-10 people Compressor power - 80 W / h Productivity - up to 2.4 cubic meters / day Cost - 145 thousand rubles

Model

Description

Leader-1

Number of residents - 5 people

Compressor power - 40 W / h

Productivity - up to 1.2 cubic meters / day

Cost - 105 thousand rubles

Leader-1.5

Number of residents - 7 people

Compressor power - 60 W / h

Productivity - up to 1.8 cubic meters / day

Cost - 125 thousand rubles

Leader-2

Number of residents - 9-10 people

Compressor power - 80 W / h

Productivity - up to 2.4 cubic meters / day

Cost - 145 thousand rubles

When choosing a septic tank Leader, the price for it may seem high, but the performance and practicality of the product can fully justify the costs. The working resource of the structure is designed for many years of operation.

"Triton" - a suburban version of the purification system

In the VOC Triton line, the suburban variants are modifications "Mini" and "ED", with a volume of 1800 and 2000 liters. These models are tanks, divided into sections, in which a stepwise purification of sewage takes place. The technical characteristics of the structures are presented in the table:

Model	Description
Triton-ED-1800	For 2-3 permanent residents Volume - 1.8 cubic meters The processing speed is 0.6 m³ / day. Price - 30 thousand rubles.
Triton-ED-2000	For 3-4 permanent residents Volume - 2 cubic meters The processing speed is 0.8 m³ / day. Price - 31.5 thousand rubles.
Triton mini	For 1-2 permanent residents Volume - 0.75 cubic meters The processing speed is 250 m³ / day. Price - 25 thousand rubles.

Model

Description

Triton-ED-1800

For 2-3 permanent residents

Volume - 1.8 cubic meters

The processing speed is 0.6 m³ / day.

Price - 30 thousand rubles.

Triton-ED-2000

For 3-4 permanent residents

Volume - 2 cubic meters

The processing speed is 0.8 m³ / day.

Price - 31.5 thousand rubles.

Triton mini

For 1-2 permanent residents

Volume - 0.75 cubic meters

The processing speed is 250 m³ / day.

Price - 25 thousand rubles.

The septic tank Triton Mini is ideal for use on a personal plot. Its dimensions and simple installation allow even one person to cope with the installation.

"Ecopan" - a local cleaning system for a personal plot

The brand's products have a double classification: for conditions with low GWL (marking - L) and for use in any conditions (marking - T). Country variants of products are represented by models 2,3 and 5, respectively:

Model	Description
L-2, T-2	Assumes 2-3 residents Dimensions - 2.35x1.24x1.44 m Processing speed - 500 l / day. Cost - 62,000, 77,000 rubles
L-3, T-3	Assumes 4 residents Dimensions - 2.5x1.2x1.44 m Processing speed - 750 l / day. Cost - 70,000, 84,000 rubles
L-5, T-5	Assumes 5 residents Dimensions - 2.55x1.44x1.64m Processing speed - 1000 l / day. Cost - 90,000, 107,000 rubles

Model

Description

L-2, T-2

Assumes 2-3 residents

Dimensions - 2.35x1.24x1.44 m

Processing speed - 500 l / day.

Cost - 62,000, 77,000 rubles

L-3, T-3

Assumes 4 residents

Dimensions - 2.5x1.2x1.44 m

Processing speed - 750 l / day.

Cost - 70,000, 84,000 rubles

L-5, T-5

Assumes 5 residents

Dimensions - 2.55x1.44x1.64m

Processing speed - 1000 l / day.

Cost - 90,000, 107,000 rubles

The Ecopan septic tank has a wall thickness of L - 8 mm, T - 19 mm. Some models are marked with the letter "D". It informs that the design assumes the presence of an additional chamber for the drainage pump. The cost of such products is slightly higher than those indicated in the table.

"Poplar" - an aerobic model of a wastewater treatment plant

The main advantage of VOC Poplar is the presence of many modifications that provide for the processing of household wastewater, even with a population of up to 40 people. With regard to suburban conditions, the following designs can be called the most effective:

Model	Description
Poplar-3	Number of inhabitants - 3 people Dimensions - 1.12x1.06x2.125 m Processing - 0.65 cubic meters / day. Price value - 76,500 rubles
Poplar-5 long PR	Number of inhabitants - 5 people Dimensions -1.1x1.1x2.9 m Processing - 1 cubic meter / day. Price value -109,000 rubles
Poplar-8	Number of inhabitants - 8 people Dimensions -1.1x1.35x2.525 m Processing - 1.5 cubic meters / day. Price value - 99,500 rubles

Model

Description

Poplar-3