Varieties of the roof of houses and their characteristics. Beautiful roofs of private houses

In the modern concept, the roof of a house is not only a cover, protection from snow, sun or rain. Now the roof is an architectural continuation of the building, capable of emphasizing its individuality and originality, changing the visual perception of the house. It should also be noted that the type of roof will affect the internal atmosphere, comfort and coziness.

Be that as it may, but first of all, the roof must be reliable, because beauty will not save you from snow or rain. In general, there are many types of roofs, but we will only talk about the most popular, reliable and practical options that are best used when building a private house.

If we consider all the roofs as a whole, then they can be safely divided into two categories: flat and pitched. Both one and the other have both advantages and disadvantages.

Flat roof

Flat roof although it is popular, it does not always find a place for itself in residential housing construction. The main disadvantage is the lack of slope, and, consequently, the constant accumulation of snow and melt water on its surface. Because of this, the life of a flat roof is drastically reduced, thus it looks less acceptable in comparison with a pitched roof structure. Often a flat roof is used only when its surface will be used (placing a front garden, pool or terrace).

pitched roof

pitched roof much more preferable, because precipitation practically does not linger on its surface. In general, this type of roof is more reliable and attractive. Under such a roof, you can equip an attic space in the attic. The only drawback that you will have to face is the increased cost of building this type of roof and the difficulty of repairing it.

Roof with attic

Roof with attic very easy to build and install, you can build it yourself. The angle of inclination of the attic roof directly depends on what material is used for its roofing. You also need to take into account the maximum load placed on the roof, the cost of its construction and materials. It is convenient to repair such a roof, but even at the initial stages it is necessary to choose the optimal roofing material. An important point will be the decision on the attic, whether it will be used as a living space or not. Depending on this, the height of the ceiling, its quality and the materials used for its construction, as well as what the roofing cake, heat and waterproofing should be, will be decided.

Atticless (mansard)

Atticless (mansard) roof differs in that the outer mills will be the roof surfaces located at a sharp angle. This roof is interesting from the outside, but the usable area of the attic will be slightly reduced, since a good roof fastening is needed. It is almost impossible to build such a roof on your own, it is better to involve professionals.

In most cases, a roof without an attic has a break, therefore, special support systems are installed from the inside, which reduce the usable area of the attic. Having imagination and design ideas, the supports can be sheathed with plywood, and then make niches and cabinets for seasonal items there.

shed roof

shed roof - cheap and easy to install option. In fact, this is a kind of flat roof mounted on walls of different heights. It is thanks to this that a natural slope of the roof is created at a certain angle to one side. This roof is convenient and practical, but it is very boring in appearance, and you can’t equip an attic under it.

gable roof

gable roof - the most popular option in villages and small towns. This roof is one of the oldest, but is still relevant today. It is based on two slopes connected at the top by a “ridge”. A gable roof can be either symmetrical or asymmetrical. In general, this is a very convenient and practical option, an ideal solution for those who want to equip the attic.

Hip roof

Hip roof - a kind of hipped roof. The two slopes of this roof are trapezoidal, and the end planes (hips) are triangular. It is much more difficult to create and build such a roof, so it is better to turn to professionals. The advantage of the roof lies in its operational characteristics, because it is very resistant to the vagaries of the weather.

Half hip roof

Half hip roof - this is something between a hip and a gable roof. The lateral planes are truncated - they have a semi-hinged shape, their length is 2-3 times less than the main planes. Vertical windows can be placed on the pediment of the building, and half-hips will become a decorative element.

Shatrovaya

Shatrovaya - the design of this roof has 3 or more slopes that are assembled at one top point. There is no “ridge” in the hipped roof, and the symmetry of the slopes pleasantly surprises. If the house has regular geometric shapes (square, polygon), then a hipped roof will be the best solution. It is resistant to winds, original in appearance and able to reliably protect the house.

Multi-gable roof

Multi-gable roof - the most difficult, expensive, but at the same time interesting option. Ideal for polygonal houses where you want to create something special. The truss system of a multi-gable roof is difficult to implement, so the involvement of professional builders and architects is a must here. If everything goes well, then eventually it will be possible to get a dream home.

broken roof

broken roof - a kind of mansard roof, because it is under it that an attic is often equipped. The upper part has a small angle of inclination, after which there is a break and the angle increases sharply, thus the usable attic area will practically not be affected, and its side walls will be reliably protected.

Conical and domed roofs

Conical and domed roofs - this is a very rare occurrence, because almost no one uses them. This type of roof is not easy to use, it is difficult to repair them. It is best to use them only as separate elements that can be used to cover round verandas or create decorative towers.

Combination roof

Combination roof - difficult, but possible. This roof often combines such types of roofs as hipped, hip and multi-gable. It is logical that it is too difficult to calculate and build such a roof, so a professional architect must be involved to implement the project. By creating a combined roof, you can surprise your friends, envy your neighbors and delight your loved ones. Having built such a roof, you need to be prepared for the fact that it is difficult to maintain it, and you need to spend a lot on the implementation of this project, whether it is worth it only for the owner of the home to decide.

What is a house without a roof? The most basic element of reliability, strength, thermal insulation and simply a stylish and attractive appearance.

Modern architects and builders have invented a huge variety of roofs for private houses, depending on the location of the dwelling, the volume of construction, the overall design of the building, and much more.

The main types of common roof layouts of each house

Today we can safely say that the most popular 2 types of roofs:

flat;
Pitched.

The difference between them is elementary, depending on the angle of inclination of the surface. With a slope of more than 10 degrees, we are talking about pitched planes, which, in turn, also have subspecies in terms of the number of slopes and purpose.

The main types of pitched roofs

Shed roof surfaces are used more in non-residential premises, in the arrangement of outbuildings, warehouses and shops, garages, etc. When constructing such a building, the structure of such a roof should be taken into account, which implies the support of the roofing material on the main beams of the building, while the walls are smooth guides . Here is an example of such a structure.

Most in demand in private construction. The model consists of two equal slopes, which are supported by load-bearing walls of the same height. Most often, such roofs resemble a triangle shape; they have been used in construction for many years and deserve worthy attention and respect.

When the roof surface has several triangular slopes, then we can talk about hip structure. It has a complex truss system, its design is most often trusted by professionals. Such roofs are more resistant to strong winds and leaks during heavy rainfall.

The design has 4 slopes, in appearance it resembles a trapezoid, and the corner shapes are small triangles and are called hips.

During natural disasters, such a surface often remains clean and unharmed, debris and dust are quickly blown off its slopes.

One of the types of roofs for private houses is tented, designed for square and polygonal buildings. All slopes are even triangles that converge at one point.

There is no ridge in the hipped roof, it is completely symmetrical.

Such planes are wind resistant and are an interesting design solution.

There is also a half-hip roof, as an intermediate option between hip and gable. Such roofs allow architects to place a full-fledged window on the back wall area, such a building is very interesting and difficult enough for a non-professional to work with.

Let's move on to another interesting structure -. This type has a complex truss system, so highly qualified specialists should be involved in its construction.

broken roof used to cover a mansard-type house. A special break in the angles of the slopes allows you to use the usable area of the internal attic space.

Such a roof is not very different from the usual gable, and therefore there is no particular difficulty for its structure.

For those who wish to create another room in the attic, then this type of house roof should be looked after.

They are used in construction very rarely, such structures can be noted on ancient centuries-old buildings, the ancestors left us interesting architectural solutions that surprise with their amazing elements - verandas and turrets.

Less common in modern construction - it is based on one slope, with an almost invisible slope.

It is difficult for such roofs to withstand numerous precipitations, snow and rain, therefore, if they are made, they are reinforced with concrete slabs and metal structures.

We often see such types of roofs in American TV shows, when on the surface of the house you can get a wonderful greenhouse or create a corner for relaxation.

There are still quite complex shapes and designs. They include numerous types of rays, gable, hip, mansard, tent.

Such a building can have open and closed verandas, covered balconies, interesting window solutions, everything that attracts attention with its unusual and original design.

Attention: the more complex the roof structure, the stronger and more reliable it is. You should not save on the material for laying the surface of the house, the more expensive the product, the longer the roofing area will serve you.

Advantages and disadvantages of various types of roofs

If we talk about pitched roofs, which are quite common in building use, then it is worth noting the main advantages:

This is a reliable and heavy-duty construction that protects the home from the effects of natural disasters;
Serves for many years, depending on the choice of building material;
It has an attractive appearance that will fit into any site design and whether the building itself;
Under the roof, you can make an additional room, attic or attic.

Roof Disadvantages:

High construction costs and high cost of materials;
The complexity of the repair during operation.

But despite all this, such a roof will protect your family from the wind, heavy rains and heavy snowfalls, which cannot be said about flat structures.

Such a roof is practically not used in the process of building residential private houses.

The reason is that during precipitation, the roof is not able to withstand heavy snowdrifts and water flows. As a result, it sags and cracks.

Such a building is more useful for those who plan to make a terrace, pool or recreation room on top of the house.

Design features of roofs

Attic, divided from the main room:
- cold;
- Insulated.
Atticless, combined with the main room:
- Ventilated by atmospheric air;
- Non-ventilated.

To date, the shed design is rightfully considered the most popular and attractive in terms of material costs. Such roofs are most often installed on temporary buildings or country houses.

What is it that attracts modern consumers?

The main advantage is that a shed roof can only be ventilated. During the construction, the presence of special openings in the cranked walls is assumed, which provide air circulation in the under-roof space.

The ventilation process helps to remove moisture and condensate from the room; during the cold season, the roofing surface retains heat inside and does not allow the room to cool down.

But gable structures are most often created without a ventilated function.

In the winter season, snow does not fall sharply from a shed surface, it lingers due to the slope angle of -6-9 degrees. It is safe and comfortable, especially during the years of heavy rains and heavy snowfalls.

But the disadvantage is the fact that the snow cover has to be removed by hand, so as not to exceed the bearing capacity of the truss system.

A shed roof can be built with your own hands, with clear construction instructions and the necessary materials.

If we talk about a gable roof of a traditional shape, then the design of the truss system will look like this:

The simplicity and cost-effectiveness of the roof shape makes it popular and reliable. The facade of the building is of great importance; it is decorated with multi-colored metals or various-shaped bituminous tiles.

Thanks to the ability to adjust the cornice overhangs, each owner can make an extension or a veranda at any time without worrying about the integrity and strength of the roofing. In such cases, it is not necessary to make a separate roof and create architectural plans.

Warning: the greater the angle of inclination of the structure, the higher its windage. Therefore, in areas where strong gusts of wind are observed, it is necessary to carefully calculate the degree of inclination so that it does not collapse during sharp jumps in wind loads.

Advantages of gable roofs

Protective function, you are not afraid of storms or hail ...
The classic simple option for creating roofing.
The ability to create an exquisite architectural design, at the request of the owner.
The full height of the building and the construction of windows under the roof, in the attic.
This type of roof allows you to freely operate with the shape of the gables and the size of the overhangs of the cornices;
A wide selection of materials and their availability in every hardware store.
Reasonable prices for its construction.
Simple and economical design.
The possibility of building it with your own hands, without the involvement of experienced professionals, which cannot be said about multi-level and multi-cascade buildings.

In areas where strong winds are observed, preference is given to houses with a half-hip roof. It has small overhangs on the end sides, which are excellent protection during long natural disasters. Cut side slopes are shorter than the main ones. The attic of such a building is quite spacious, well ventilated and quite suitable for a living room.

The pediments of the house have special protection against any atmospheric precipitation.

Thanks to such a composition, such houses have a beautiful representative appearance, regardless of the location of the building.

The truss system of the structure is complex, it requires special mathematical calculations and the involvement of professional roofers for its creation.

In this case, it will not be possible to save on materials, but the walls of the house will be reliably protected for many years.

A broken gable roof is suitable for country cottages and holiday homes. Lateral breaks guarantee high internal ceilings of the building, but such a design will not always be powerful and durable. Due to a fracture in the slope, it is quite vulnerable and often cannot withstand the wind load.

When building this type of roof, it is necessary to correctly observe the basic proportions of its elements, which will help you not to spend money on preventive maintenance in the future.

Do-it-yourself construction will help to significantly reduce the cost of both a separate stage of work and the entire project as a whole. The roof is a large-scale structure, so its construction takes a significant part of the development budget. To reduce costs, you can refuse the services of a construction team and do everything yourself. To have an idea of the upcoming scope of work, it is enough to familiarize yourself with the types of roofing, their purpose and features.

Which roof will be easier and more economical to build

Depending on the installation of the structure, the roof can be flat, when the angle of inclination does not exceed 12 degrees, and pitched - the slope exceeds the indicated value. Flat roofs are built with a slope of 1-3 degrees, which will be enough to remove moisture from the surface in a timely manner. In general, the stages of the construction of flat structures are similar, the differences are only in their arrangement. Depending on the sequence of laying the insulation and the waterproofing layer, there are ordinary and inverted roofs. The second option is different in that the installation of a waterproof insulation is carried out on top of the waterproofing.

The device of different roofs is similar in many respects, but each type has its own individual characteristics.

The supporting frame of a flat roofing system is assembled from monolithic reinforced concrete, metal profiles and metal beams or wooden rafters. To save space, flat roofs are successfully used for recreation when they are covered with a special coating or sown with grass. Taking care of the lawn is very simple - the grass is watered like ordinary plants, and the earth is transferred to a warm room for the winter. It is not difficult to create green lawns, it is only important to remember the need for a waterproofing polymer membrane, the cost of which is quite high.

It is, of course, interesting to have a flowering meadow above your head, but a pitched structure is considered a more practical option for a roof. Among the striking advantages of such a roof is the possibility of natural cleaning from snow masses and moisture due to the large slope angle, as well as high reliability compared to a flat surface. Here there is free space, which can serve as an attic or attic. The negative aspects in the construction of a pitched structure are the high cost of materials and the difficulty of performing repairs in the event of defects.

The advantage of a pitched roof is the possibility of building attic rooms on the top floor.

Features of a gable (gable) roof

This form is considered the most common, due to its effectiveness in removing moisture from precipitation. It is equally easy to make a shed and gable roof, while the building will be strong if equipped with a closed truss system. The gable roof scheme is understandable even for novice craftsmen, and the minimum amount of material is required for it. Placing window openings in gables is more expedient than installing them on slopes, so attic equipment will not cause difficulties.

Pitched roofs can have different shapes, but they all drain water well during precipitation.

The shape of the roof does not have to be symmetrical - if desired, the slope of the slopes can be made different, the layout of the interior will also depend on this. If the plan of the house assumes a shape other than a rectangle, then the roof will be even more complex.

A gable roof can have:

inclined and hanging rafters;
uneven angles of inclination;
eaves of various sizes.

The gable roof is the most popular for rectangular houses.

The gable structure is built in two stages:

First, a crate is built over the load-bearing beams.
After that, the installation of the roofing is carried out. To assemble the battens and rafters, boards and beams are selected, as well as bolts, nails or special connecting elements as fasteners. Rafters can also be made from metal profiles suitable for covering large spans without the additional use of struts and racks.

There is no need to worry about the complexity of working with metal structures: they are manufactured at industrial enterprises with high precision, so they are easily assembled even by non-professional builders. The only drawback of such elements is their heavy weight, which makes it difficult to climb onto the roof, and also increases the load on the supporting structure of the house during operation.

The device of roof trusses for a gable roof depends on the size of the house

Video: gable roof truss system

The device of the attic roofing system

The mansard roof can be of any shape and type, the main thing is the presence of a broken slope that increases the height of the interior. Thanks to this solution, it is possible to minimize the angle of inclination of the ceiling in future rooms. The presence of a broken rafter contour is typical for a roof of any kind: gable, hip and others.

Mansard roof allows you to equip a more spacious room on the second floor

In a mansard roof, the upper and lower beams of the rafters are tied together - this is how a high-strength structure is created with a slight decrease in the cross section of the frame parts. The construction of the supporting system of such a roof, unlike frames with a straight slope, is somewhat more complicated, and a large roof area affects the increase in cost. However, all additional costs are paid off by obtaining more living space.

Since the attic is arranged immediately above the premises of the lower belt, at one of the stages of work, an interfloor floor is laid, replacing the roof screed. If it is incorrect to calculate the project scheme according to the parameters of the house, then the height of the attic room will be much lower than the others. To avoid this, during the construction of modern houses, attics are equipped with a roof with a straight line, and not a broken one. This option provides the location of the walls of the attic rooms at an acute angle.

In modern houses, the attic is a full-fledged living space with high ceilings.

Video: mansard roof device

The construction of a hip roof

The peculiarity of the hip construction is the replacement of the gables with two slopes in the form of a triangle, then the slopes themselves are called hips. The top of the slopes is equipped with dormer windows. The complexity of the work and the need to strictly follow the requirements of the project exclude the possibility of independent construction. Despite the additional costs of paying for the services of a professional team, you can be sure of the high strength of the system and its resistance to climatic factors.

A hip roof is much more difficult to manufacture than a gable roof.

In this case, costs for roofing are inevitable, but when choosing economical materials such as slate or ondulin, you can make the roof even more economical than a gable roof. Thanks to the equipped slopes, several canopies can be made around the entire perimeter of the building, which would protect the walls from rain and snow. As for the usable area of the attic, the hip construction is inferior to roofs of a different shape.

Hip roofs are represented by a variety of variations:

Another inconvenience during installation can be the installation of windows in finished slopes with laid roofing material. Even during their operation, difficulties arise, which cannot be said about the structures equipped in the gables.

Video: how to install a hip roof truss system

Semi-hip roof device

As mentioned earlier, the half-hip roof is similar to the gable and hip roofs. The external distinguishing features of the design are the trapezoidal shape of the end gables, covered with half hips. The roof may well be equipped with a window on the pediment, while the half-hips give the entire structure a unique design.

Interesting in terms of external design can be a half-hipped roof, in which the slope covers the lower gable part. This arrangement allows you to bring the rest of the gable to the correct triangular shape with the possibility of installing a dormer window. In private houses, you can often see unusual half-hip roofs with a very interesting appearance.

The half-hipped roof is very similar to a gable roof, but it looks much more attractive.

Features of hipped roof equipment

The tent structure acts as a kind of hip roof and is suitable for installation on houses with a regular polygonal or square shape. With proper installation, the symmetry of the slopes of the building is amazing. In this case, there is no need to erect a ridge element, and all its slopes, which can be from three or more, are connected at one point. With regard to operation, such a roof has established itself as a stable and reliable structure.

Before assembling a hipped roof, a large-scale work is carried out to calculate materials and create a project, the implementation of which can only be carried out by professionals.

For a hipped roof, the house must have the shape of a regular polygon

Multi-gable roof device

If the building has a complex polygonal shape, then, as a rule, a multi-gable roof is built for it. The complexity of such structures is due to the unusual truss system, but if the project is correctly drawn up and correctly implemented, then a unique structure can turn out.

The multi-gable roof has an irregular shape and a complex rafter design

The structure of such a roof is represented by several elements that are not used in the forms of other structures:

tongs;
valleys in large quantities;
gables;
grooves.

Rain and melt water is easily removed from such a roof without any additional effort, which is ensured thanks to the pitched system, where the roof elements are installed at an angle to the outer walls.

The gable is the upper wall part, which is limited by two roof slopes, while it is not separated from below by a cornice, as is the case on the gables. The valley is used as internal butt corners. The composition of the gable roof, regardless of the configuration, includes planes, the fulcrum of which is indicated at the same level of the wall. To limit them, pediments or tongs are installed from the end part.

There can be many tongs on the roof of the house

The construction of a multi-gable roof for inexperienced craftsmen will become an almost impossible task, since for the construction of its system of layered and hanging rafters, it is important to accurately calculate the cross section of the elements and install stiffeners. This will require not only patience, but also the availability of skills for such work.

The easiest way to mount a multi-gable structure is to install two gable roofs connected at a right angle. If you look at such a roof from above, then it will be a cruciform figure. If you build several elements with gable structures combined into one composition on one building, then outwardly such a structure will have an even more unusual design.

Video: fastening rafters to the valley of a multi-gable roof

Dome roof system

In the construction of private houses, domed and conical roofs are rarely used. As the name implies, such a design has a rounded shape, but it does not cover the entire room, but only some of its individual parts. So, it is good to build a domed roof on a veranda or decorative towers.

A domed roof is being erected on the basis of a curved frame, and in this case, only soft material such as glass isol, roofing material, bituminous tiles, or flexible - galvanized metal tiles, plastic is allowed as a roofing. Often, fans of the old style with a good income decorate their houses with such roofs.

A house with a domed roof can be stylized as an old building or resemble a building from science fiction films.

The main constituent elements of the roof structure

The construction of the roof is carried out in several stages, the main ones being:

creation of a truss system;
arrangement of the crate;
fencing installation.

Additional elements include inclined parts (pitched surfaces, ribs), horizontal parts (skates, valleys). The lower edge of the slope, as a rule, is equipped with gutters. The roof frame is completely wooden and consists of a Mauerlat, a truss system, the main and mandatory battens, puffs, racks and struts. As the roof skeleton is ready, the roofing is laid on it.

The rafter system must be durable, strong and at the same time have a low weight, therefore, coniferous wood is selected for its construction. The special composition of such a tree provides additional protection against decay.

To support the rafters, a Mauerlat is used - a thick bar installed over the load-bearing walls of the house on its two sides. Metal bolts, studs or wire are used as fasteners. Since the Mauerlat is subsequently connected to the truss frame, the quality of fastening should be the best. To isolate wooden parts, any suitable material is used, as a rule, roofing material. So the timber will last longer and last better. The average thickness of the Mauerlat is 15 cm and higher on its smaller side.

The main elements of the roof structure are present in all types of roofs.

The roof of the house is installed gradually, and each of its elements, when interacting with each other, creates the basis of a stable frame. A minor mistake at any stage of work can affect the quality of the entire roofing project.

What you need to know when installing a truss system

The rafters act as the main support for the lathing and, therefore, the roof itself, laid on top of it. Depending on the configuration, the truss system is mounted hanging or layered. Consider the main elements of each of them.

The rafter system must withstand the weight of the roofing, as well as snow and wind loads.

used when there are supporting walls or partitions in the house;
mounted at a distance from one roof span to another within 4–6 m and equipped with additional supports if the spans are much wider;
represented by two rafter legs resting on the Mauerlat and connected on a ridge beam. Crossbars are used as connecting elements;
made of material with a cross section of 5 cm or more. The gap from one rafter to another is 1–1.5 m. For additional support, wooden supports are fixed under the rafter legs.

Slanted rafters are arranged with small spans between the walls of the building

mounted if there are no partitions between the walls, and the span of the roof structure is more than 7 m;
indispensable in the construction of the attic, when the installation of partitions under the truss frame is impractical;
presented in the form of two rafter legs, which are connected by a horizontal puff, reinforced with a vertical stand and inclined struts;
do not need additional reinforcement due to the tightening support to the Mauerlat.

Hanging rafters are used in houses without partitions and with large inter-wall spans.

Arrangement of the crate and laying of the coating

The truss system is sheathed on top with a crate - it serves as a kind of substrate for roofing material. The choice of batten type depends on the type of covering being used and can be made in favor of a solid or sparse construction.

When using rolled roofs, soft coverings, tiles and other piece materials, a continuous crate is suitable. Wooden boards are laid in increments of no more than 10 mm. A solid construction will be more practical if it is made in two layers, and a waterproofing gasket made of roofing felt, isoplast or other roll coatings is laid between them. With the correct equipment of the layer, the protection of the roof from the penetration of precipitation and the effects of wind is guaranteed.

Roofing will be laid on the crate in the future

Arrangement of a sparse crate is carried out under a sheet roof - metal tiles, slate, profiled sheet, ondulin. A high load from such material requires laying a beam with a thickness of 2-3 cm, while the distance between the structural elements should be up to 60 cm. All wooden parts must be treated with special means to protect against decay.

Once the laying of the sheathing is completed, you can proceed with the installation of the roofing material. If additional insulation of the under-roof space is required, then the installation of solid insulation is allowed - extruded polystyrene foam or polystyrene, as well as soft materials, such as mineral wool, are suitable. A prerequisite for the implementation of insulation is the arrangement of a vapor barrier and waterproofing layer.

Video: installation of the crate under the corrugated board

Unique Design: Complex Roof

To determine the types of roofs that are complex, it is enough to refer to the regulatory framework. So, SNB GESN 121.11 describes the features of roof structures, presented in three versions according to the degree of complexity:

Simple roof - the surface is distributed in such a way that 100 m 2 is equipped with 1-2 slopes.
The roof is of medium complexity - 2–5 slopes are installed for every 100 m 2.
A complex structure - a roof with a large number of pitched elements (more than 5 per 100 m 2).

In addition to the number of slopes, in order to fully determine the degree of complexity of the roof structure, it is important to take into account its shape. ENiR 7 states that any curvilinear structure (dome, vault, tent), on which different elements are combined, occupying more than 10% of its area, is complex.

If the roof has more than five slopes, then it is considered complex

Combining the above information into one definition, we can say that a complex roof is characterized by the presence of 5 or more slopes or a curved surface with fewer slopes.

Possessing an attractive design, a complex roof must cope with its direct purpose - to protect the premises from the negative effects of external conditions, not to let heat from the house out. Despite the apparent simplicity, the work on arranging such roofs is very time-consuming and requires maximum professionalism. With independent construction, the suitability of roof structures for further operation is not guaranteed, and there is also a chance of encountering unnecessary material costs. An improperly assembled roof will require additional repairs and new investments.

A beautiful dwelling is an indicator of the status of its inhabitants, therefore a good reliable house with a practical roof will not only stand for many years without damage from water flowing from above, but will allow demonstrating the good taste and prosperity of its owner.

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Modern buildings are distinguished by a wide variety of architectural solutions. If earlier almost all buildings were of the same type, now it is difficult to find two similar ones among them. The design of the roof can also be different. The question of what types of roofs are of interest to everyone who decides to build a house. When choosing an option for arranging a roof, you should pay attention not only to its attractiveness, but also to its functionality.

All types of roof structures differ not only in appearance, but also in functional features. There is no ideal option: each type of roof construction has advantages and disadvantages.

Classification by slope angle

According to the angle of inclination of the slopes, all types of roofing are divided into the following two types: flat and pitched.

A flat roof is the simplest, it rests on walls of the same height and has practically no slope. Such roofs have a slope angle of 2.5-3%. The main disadvantage of flat roofs is that, due to the small slope, the removal of melt and rain water is difficult, and as a result, it soon begins to leak. Snow from these roofs has to be removed on their own.

Flat roofs are almost never used for the construction of private households. They are more functional for outbuildings and multi-storey buildings. But they have one advantage that other types of roofing cannot boast of: at the top you can arrange a flower garden and even a pool - the main thing is that the supporting structures can withstand this load.

For the construction of country houses and cottages, pitched roofs are usually used. The angle of inclination of the slopes of such roofs is more than 10%. Melt and rain water is easily removed from pitched surfaces; at a large slope angle, snow does not linger on them.

Design classification

According to their structural solution, roofs are non-attic and attic. The first option involves combining with the main room, and the roof of the last floor is the supporting structures of the roof. Attic roofs are not connected to the main room, they can be insulated or cold.

According to the type of ventilation, non-attic roofs are divided into:

non-ventilated;
ventilated;
partially ventilated.

Also, roofs can be operated or not operated.

Geometric classification

Types of roof coverings according to the geometric shape are as follows.

Shed roofs . Consist of a single plane. Their truss system is based on the outer walls of the building, which are located at different heights (more: ""). Due to this, a slope is formed. Roofs with one slope are easy to build and do not require large financial costs. But mostly they are used in the construction of various outbuildings. Types of roofing for a roof with one slope can be different: the choice of roofing materials is very wide. For shed roofs, you can use tiles, slate, metal tiles, metal profiles, roofing felt, ondulin, and more (more: ""). Rainwater and snow do not linger on such a surface, in addition, precipitation flows in one direction, thus making it easier to create storm sewers. The main disadvantages of shed roofs are the lack of an attic space and a small selection of design solutions.

gable roofs . They are in demand in the construction of private houses - their design consists of two slopes, based on load-bearing walls of the same height. This type of roof is also called gable. (read also: "") The gap between the two slopes (tongs, gables) has the shape of a triangle. As for the construction itself, it is more difficult than creating a shed version, but easier than other types of cottage roofs.

The gable roof is reliable, well drains rain and melt water, snow, and can withstand strong wind loads. In addition, it looks much more interesting than a pitched roof. For gable structures, you can use different roofing.

Mansard roofs - This is a type of duplex. But for the roof slopes themselves, broken lines are characteristic. Another variant of the name of such roofs is “broken”, since the slopes can be refracted at different angles. The presence of a break increases the area and volume of the attic, which is subsequently used as housing and is called an attic.

Therefore, this version of the roof device is called "mansard". Its pediments are shaped like a pentagon. The design of such a roof is characterized by certain features, but it can be built easily and quickly. you can think of quite a lot. They are preferred to be built much more often than other types of roofs of one-story houses.

Thermal insulation is also important, since the attic is built into the roof. Accordingly, the temperature in such a room will depend on the quality of thermal insulation. If it is done in accordance with all the rules, then you can live in the attic even in winter. Otherwise, the room under the roof can only be used in the summer.

As for the height of the roof with an attic, it should not be less than 2.2 meters. Otherwise, there will be inconvenience when moving along it.

For these roofs, a system of double-pull rafters and beams is used. Their shape contributes to the rapid and efficient removal of snow and water from the roof. The angles of inclination of the hip roofs are 45 degrees. They also withstand strong winds well. Due to the large angle of inclination, the hipped roof must be equipped with gutters. It is better to entrust the construction of such a roof to specialists, since it requires a complex truss system. If you do not adhere to the accuracy of the parameters, the roof will not last long.

Types of roofing for this type of roof can be different. You can use both light and heavy roofing materials. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that the second materials for roofing last longer, plus, they have better thermal insulation. But at the same time, the use of such roofing products requires the creation of a reinforced rafter system. Most often, hip roofs are built in the southern regions.

Half hip roof . These are ordinary hip roofs with truncated triangular slopes. At the heart of the house is a regular polygon or square, so all four slopes look like a triangle, and their vertices converge at one point. A roof in the form of a pyramid can decorate any building. The installation of this type of roof is as complicated as the installation of hip roofs. Their construction is also best entrusted to specialists. Read also: "

Also, such roofs are used to create an overlap of a part of a building or even an entire building. Dome roofs are made from bent frame elements. Such types of roofing materials are used for the roof as soft (roofing felt, glass tiles) and flexible (galvanized steel sheets, plastic tiles).

Currently, you can see a variety of coverage options on private houses and cottages. Types of roofing for the roof are very diverse. Each person can choose the appropriate roofing option and type of roofing material for their home. Any method of creating a roof has its own advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, when choosing the type of roofing and roofing material, it is necessary to take into account not only external beauty, but also functional differences. Continuation: " ".

The roof is considered as important in the construction of the house as the foundation and walls. It belongs to the load-bearing structures, therefore, it must meet a number of requirements: to be strong, reliable, durable, well insulated, have good heat and sound insulation. Which roofs of houses to choose is the prerogative of the poor homeowner. The main thing here is not to make a mistake in the choice. The roof must also correspond, according to the type of forms, to be fireproof.

To make it easier to fulfill these requirements, before creating a house project, you need to select a shape in advance, calculate the height, and select the appropriate materials for its construction.

What forms are there?

There are several types of roofing. The choice should be based on design features:

Shed. One roofing plane, based on two outer walls of unequal height. It is used for utility rooms (barn) and garages.
gable. It has 2 planes, which, as in the first case, rest on 2 external wall structures, but of the same height. The planes are projected at a certain angle with respect to each other.
hip. It has slopes on the end side in the shape of a triangle. The side walls also look like a truncated triangle or a trapezoid.
Half hip. Consists of 2 slopes. The end surfaces are triangular in shape.
broken line. A very complex roof model. At the bottom, the slopes are triangular, at the top they are connected, and always at an obtuse angle.
Shatrovaya. It is also not without difficulties. This is a quadrangular structure with 4 slopes of the same size.
cruciform. Used when the house has a complex shape. A design engineer should do calculations and a project in this type. This is explained by the fact that the cruciform shape of the roof provides for the calculation and installation of grooves. It is important to place them correctly in the design. Otherwise, leaks cannot be avoided.

There are many types of roofs. Here you need to learn not only to choose the shape, but also to correctly calculate the design of the roof. Only then will the roof perform the functions that are assigned to it.

Why do you need to calculate the height and how to do it right?

The roof is that part of the house that is most often exposed to atmospheric phenomena. With an incorrectly chosen angle of inclination, and, accordingly, the height, there are risks that, due to exposure to strong winds and precipitation, its integrity will be compromised. You will have to carry out repairs to the roof to fix problems - this is at best. At worst, you will have to build it from scratch.

The role of height indicators

You can not neglect the standards when creating a project. The reliability of the structure and the health of those who will live there depend on this. The following are a number of arguments that can 100% confirm the correctness of the foregoing and the significance of the correct calculation of the roof height for the construction of the house:

Reliability and durability. Correctly calculated and selected height will allow the roof to be resistant to external, weather influences, resistance to increased loads, for example, roofing, insulation.
Aesthetics. Appearance plays an important role. If its height does not correspond to the design of the house, then such a roof will not look aesthetically pleasing.
Convenience. With the right height, you can build an attic.

The highest point is called the ridge. This is the point where all the inclined planes of the roof meet. If its height is chosen incorrectly, then there is a risk that the roof will not last the period for which the calculation of the owner of the house was set. The height parameters of the ridge must strictly correspond to the technological process.

How to calculate roof height?

Video tutorial on finding

What determines the height of the skate?

An important parameter in the calculation is the slope angle. There is a list of factors on which it is based mainly on atmospheric influences. :

winds, if they often rage in the region, then the slope angle should be 10-20 degrees;
precipitation in areas where they fall abundantly above 45 degrees;
snow - in very snowy winters, the angle of inclination can be similar to the previous paragraph.

Advice

More detailed regulatory data can be taken from the requirements of SNiP 2301-99.

The choice of height according to the type of roof

Here, height calculations are carried out taking into account the type of coverage:

If there are many piece elements in the materials for roofs, the angle of inclination should be chosen as large as possible.
If the roof structure is low, the joints should be kept to a minimum.
For very heavy roofing masses, the largest angle of inclination is selected so that the weight can be evenly distributed over the entire surface.

Calculation parameters taking into account the width of the building

Here, the cross section of the structure is represented as an equilateral triangle. Where the height parameter is the leg. Further, the calculation is carried out as follows:

When purchasing roofing, you need to pay attention to weight. For example, let's compare two popular types - metal and ceramic tiles. The latter is 10 times heavier than the first. And this plays a significant role in the design of rafters.

Many buyers make the mistake of buying cheaper coverage - it is often of poor quality, which means it will not last long.

What materials can you use?

The list of coatings for arranging roofs is quite wide. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Roofing materials

Metal tile - the most popular over the years

Ceramic tile

Produced for a long time - more than 100 years. Significantly improves the appearance of the facade in comparison with the clay counterpart. Counts:

Reliable coverage.
Has a long service life.
Characterized by high strength.
Not affected by humidity.
Provides absolute UV protection.

With all the advantages, it also has several disadvantages:

high cost;
a large mass.

Ceramic tiles - produced for more than 100 years

Ondulin

Enjoys a reputation. Occupies positions in terms of quality and consumer demand:

reliable;
moisture resistant;
lasting;
protects against UV;
tolerates high loads;
resistant to mechanical stress;
endowed with waterproofing properties;
fireproof;
not subject to corrosion;
has good flexibility.

It is installed on the flooring, installed from the rack strips.

Ondulin - enjoys a reputation

Slate

The cheapest roofing material:

service life - 40 years or more;
moisture resistant;
withstands mechanical stress;
well withstands high loads, for example, a snow layer.

Flaws:

In the process of long-term operation, its edges begin to crumble;
In places where it is constantly shaded, lichen begins to appear.

Slate is the cheapest roofing material

Corrugated board

Roofers often work with this material, referring to the fact that it is reliable and very durable. Compared to metal tiles, it has wider sheets, as well as:

small specific gravity;
high strength indicators;
considered an environmentally friendly coating;
has a wide selection of colors;
it can be installed in all weather conditions.

How to choose a professional flooring?

What should you pay attention to?

Flaws:

makes a lot of noise if it rains;
complex roof shapes require a lot of material;
subject to corrosion during operation;
places of drilling or cuts need additional processing;
requires laying a hydrolayer to prevent condensate;
requires additional insulation.

Decking - reliable and very durable

Flexible roof tiles

Seamless coating based on glass fibers impregnated with bitumen. The outer part is processed with basalt, painted in different colors:

has high strength;
endowed with good sound and heat insulation properties;
provides excellent sealing.

From this list, you can choose any roofing material. Which one will be the best choice for you.

Flexible roof tiles - a seamless coating based on fiberglass

The choice of insulation - which is better?

When choosing a good insulation, refer not only to the cost, but also to the technical and operational characteristics. And also the difficulty in installation. Laying insulation can be done with your own hands, although in some cases you will need to use special equipment. Criteria for choosing a good insulation:

thermal conductivity coefficient - the smaller it is, the better;
moisture resistance;
lifetime;
stability of forms and appearance;
heat insulator weight;
resistance to low temperatures;
soundproof properties;
environmental friendliness.

Insulation - mineral wool

Advantage Features:

high coefficient of thermal insulation;
price;
mineral wool does not burn;
environmental friendliness;
ease of installation;
biostability - does not undergo putrefactive phenomena, it will not be damaged by rodents or insects;
has good vapor permeability;
sound insulation coefficient is high;
does not lose shape.

Roof insulation

What is needed for this?

When installing mineral wool insulation, it is imperative to provide vapor barrier and waterproofing layers. And also take care of the organization of ventilation gaps. This will prevent condensation from forming. If this is not done, then the rafters will begin to rot over time.

Glass wool

In terms of its thermal insulation properties, it is close to mineral wool; it has been used as a heat insulator for a long time. Made from fused glass. It goes on sale in roll form, is characterized as a good, environmentally friendly and non-combustible material.

When using this insulation, you should protect your hands, body and eyes with special equipment. During installation, observe the laying technology.

If glass wool is bought without a foil outer coating (this is an improved type that many manufacturers have been using lately), then care should be taken to lay a vapor barrier layer from the same foil.

Styrofoam

It is also used very often in the insulation of walls and as a heat insulator for the roof:

It is characterized as a material with high thermal insulation properties.
Resistant to moisture.
It does not absorb steam, which means it can be laid directly on the waterproofing, no need to organize an air gap.

When laying polystyrene foam in pitched roof shapes, it is imperative to ensure that the edges of the material fit snugly against it. Seams after installation must be treated with mounting foam.

The material is combustible and vapor-tight, which means it cannot be used in the insulation of flat roofs.

polyurethane foam

Also good for roof insulation. The list of its advantages includes:

low thermal conductivity;
small mass;
good sound insulation;
biostability;
good waterproofing properties.

The material is endowed with sufficient rigidity. Well cut, drilled. Does not lose shape during service.

Polyurethane foam insulation can be laid (tiled form) or sprayed on (liquid form).

Polyurethane foam - the material is endowed with sufficient rigidity

Ecowool

Made from paper. Refers to environmentally friendly roofing insulation. Endowed with good sound and heat insulation qualities. In order for the material not to be combustible and not be damaged by rodents and insects, ecowool manufacturers treat it with defenseless substances and antipyrine.

It belongs to the lightest and cheapest types of heaters. Sold in liquid form. when using it as a roofing insulation (between the rafters), it is necessary to create some kind of closed boxes. Ecowool is blown into them so that it not only fills the space, but all kinds of cracks. Disadvantages - the use of special equipment in the installation work.

There are other ways to insulate the roof.

Ecowool - made from paper

Roof painting - nuances, methods, features

The roof is covered with different materials, the peculiarity of the work and the expediency of applying painting depends on this:

1 Slate. It looks good at first. It fades over time, lichen islands begin to appear on its surface. You can prevent these manifestations by painting it with water-dispersion or acrylic paint. They are resistant to external and weather factors. True, before this, the coating should be tinted.

2 Corrugated board. It is rarely repainted. They are coated with a polymer-based color coating during manufacture. It is painted only in the process of carrying out restoration or restoration work.

3 Sheet metal. It is painted, but before that it is necessary to treat the surface with an anti-corrosion primer.

They paint the roof in two ways - manual or machine. Before the procedure, you must adhere to the following requirements:

Do not paint the roof in bad weather, especially when it rains. It is best to do this in spring in April or May, in autumn in September or October. During these periods, the ink layer will have the best adhesion, which means it will last a long time.
In the summer it is generally not recommended to paint because of the heat.
Painting should be carried out in non-slip and non-scratching shoes.
If work is carried out at high altitude, you need to take care of your own safety by tying yourself with a rope to a rafter or beam.
It is highly not recommended to hook the safety rope to the chimney - it is an unreliable support, it may not support the weight of the body.

How many layers should the roof be painted?

In order for the ink layer to be stronger and look appropriate, at least 2 layers of paint should be applied:

At the first application, you need to take 700 grams of drying oil for each kilogram of paintwork materials, mix and only then paint.
When painting again, for each kilogram of paint, you need to take 5000 grams of drying oil.

Application technology - or how long to wait between the first and second painting:

After applying the first layer, you need to wait a week for it to dry well.
The second layer will dry for 3 days longer, that is, in total it is 10 days.
If you decide to apply the 3rd layer, then you need to use and wait for just such terms.

How to choose the color for the roof and facade?

You can order a turnkey project, but this service is not available to everyone. You can consider all possible options in another way - by creating a template. To do this, a flat projection of your facade must be transferred to tracing paper(you can also use plastic wrap), and then by color substitution, choose a shade, manufacturer.

Even if everything goes well with the color, the chosen option will suit you in all respects, you don’t need to run and buy all the coloring material completely. First you need to paint a small piece of the facade and roof in the selected colors.

The evaluation of the final shade is influenced by:

surface texture;
base type;
lighting.

Look at them at different times of the day and weather conditions:

in the morning before sunrise;
during the day with good lighting;
in the evening, when only the lanterns are lit;
on a cloudy day.

The disadvantage of this selection method is that it can only test a limited number of colors.