The procedure for performing work on the installation of hidden electrical wiring. Electrical wiring - types and types

If you start building a house from scratch or make a major overhaul of an old building, then you will surely come across the installation or reconstruction of electrical wiring. Work on the installation of lighting, electricity or communication cables should be started first.

If the building is new, then the wiring can be fixed on top of the walls and covered with plaster, if you need to modernize or supplement an existing system, you will have to gouge.

Before starting work, you must carefully consider the location of electrical appliances and lighting devices, for the rational placement of wires and sockets. The lining in a hidden way will preserve the aesthetic appearance of your room, hiding a multi-meter twist from the eyes, and in addition, it will make the room safe, the lines in the walls are not subject to mechanical stress and climatic factors, therefore they will last longer.

If you look at the photo of the installation of hidden wiring and the final result of the work, then make sure of the correctness of your choice. In laying the cable in this way, there is only one drawback: if the wires are damaged or a breakdown is found, you will have to rewind and make cosmetic repairs to the premises.

In addition to gating, there are several other types of hidden wiring - under thermal panels or in the floor.

Installation

Any construction activity requires preparatory work, regardless of whether you call a specialist or decide to hide the wiring with your own hands. In this case, it is necessary:

Make measurements, guess the location of the sockets, draw a plan and calculate the materials. It is very important to keep the wiring diagram for future reference.

If you need to hang furniture, decorative accessories, appliances on the wall, or locate a breakdown, you must know the exact location of the wires so as not to damage them or to easily find them.

To carry out the work, you need to arm yourself with tools. You can chisel a wall with a chisel and a hammer, however, this is a very time-consuming and unnecessarily time-consuming method. Usually they use a hammer drill and a grinder, and with the previous two tools they simply clean up and level the holes. You will also need a level, a pencil, the cable itself and fixing accessories for it, sockets, junction boxes.

If your cable does not have a PVC sheath that does not support combustion, it should be protected with a corrugated tube, tray, plastic or iron pipe. Protection is also important when laying over wooden surfaces or their hollow holes.

All electrical cables in the house must be the same, either with lead or aluminum conductors. It is better not to hide the junction boxes under a layer of plaster in order to have quick access to them.

When all the tools are assembled, using a pencil and a level, it is necessary to apply on the walls the locations of the distribution boxes, sockets and light switches, and then connect them with lines. In place of the line, a strobe will be located or, in its absence, a cable will be laid. The lines should be strictly vertical or strictly horizontal. Sockets are usually located at a height of up to half a meter, switches - one and a half meters.

Then, using a grinder and a punch, holes are made in the walls for wires and other electrical devices. If there are several segments, the distance between them should be at least 10 cm. Next, install sockets, junction boxes, switches and seal them up with cement or plaster mortar.

When the mortar has set, although it is better to wait until it is completely dry, you can start laying the electrical wires. In the place of sockets and switches, it is necessary to leave a supply of cable of about 10-15 cm. The wires must be fixed on the wall or in a groove with a step of 50-60 cm with alabaster, plaster, dowels or homemade clamps.

When the work on the hidden wiring is completed, the wall should be plastered.

In case such wiring is done under thermal insulation panels, the cable is passed through special holes on the metal profile, in which the panels are attached. With this method of laying, the electrical cable must be protected in order to avoid damaging it with pipes made of non-combustible materials.

The installation of hidden wiring in the floor is carried out at the stage of laying the floor plates. Pipes with electric lines are placed between the floor beams.

If you plan to use dry expanded clay or concrete for backfilling or pouring, the technology is the same, but you should be careful, the pipes poured with concrete must be even, without damage or defects. If the room also uses a "warm floor", place the wires as far away from it as possible.

Detecting hidden wiring

In the case when you need to find hidden wiring in the walls for a long time, and you do not have a wiring diagram, you must use one of the search methods: combined finder, metal detector, electromagnetic finder or electrostatic device.

When it is necessary to find hidden wiring with an electrostatic device, it uses the detection of the electromagnetic field emanating from live wires. The device is easy to operate, budgetary, you can even make it yourself, however, if the network is de-energized, it will not help you in your search. If the room is damp and the walls are damp, then the device will not work well and are unlikely to determine the location of the cable.

The accuracy of electromagnetic seekers is much higher. The peculiarity of the work is to find the route of the laying, it is necessary to connect a load to it, for example, an electric kettle or a heater, and then the electromagnetic field of the wires will be detected.

Metal detectors are effective when your network is de-energized. When close to metal, they fix the electromagnetic field. However, a significant drawback of their work is that, together with the cable, they can also fix all the nails, pipes or fittings embedded in the walls.

Combination finders are multi-detectors. These devices combine several methods for finding hidden wiring: a metal detector and an electrostatic device, which significantly expands their effectiveness and scope.

Buy only high-quality cables, sockets and switches from trusted manufacturers, in addition to safety, you will also get a long service life.

When installing electrical wiring, it is necessary to install an electric meter, which will record the consumption of electricity and circuit breakers, which will make your home reliable and protected.

The connection of external networks to the meter is carried out only in the presence of a competent specialist.

When laying cables in bathrooms, it is necessary to take into account the state of constant humidity in the premises and select appropriate devices.

Photo of hidden wiring

Hidden wiring, this is an invisible to man electrical wiring of an apartment, house, building that is in working order under voltage.

Any electrical wiring in walls, ceilings, floors made of non-combustible materials, in wall grooves, in voids of false ceilings, false walls, raised floors, including wiring embedded in walls, in ceilings, in floors made of non-combustible materials and laid in voids of building structures refers to hidden wiring. First, let's take a look at the hidden wiring methods.

Concealed wiring methods

There are several ways of hidden electrical wiring:

Wiring hidden in the wall grooves;
Floor wiring;
False ceiling wiring;
Wiring in wooden floors of houses.

Hidden wiring in the grooves

Stroba is the professional name for a furrow in concrete, brick, slag concrete and other homogeneous building structures. The strobe is made with a special cutting tool with special cutting discs installed in two rows (chasing cutters) and one row (angle grinder, "Bulgarian"). For small volumes of work, the cutting tool is replaced with a perforator or for manual work, a scalpel and a hammer. A strobe is laid after plastering work, if such work is being done. The depth and width of the groove must be such that, after installation, the cable, wire, pipe are closed on all sides with at least 10 mm layer of mortar.

You can lay both bundles of wires and cables in the strobe.

Concealed wiring of wires in grooves

For hidden wiring in the strobe they must have a second protective shell or are protected by special products: plastic or metal pipes, corrugated pipe, electrical box (more about them below).

Hidden wiring of cables in grooves

Electric cables can be laid in made gates without mechanical protection (pipes, corrugations). If it is necessary to ensure the interchangeability of hidden electrical wiring, the cable is laid with pipes with a device for accessible hatches for peritinizing the wiring. The cable laid in the groove is closed with a layer of plaster, gypsum and cement mortar with a cover of at least 10 mm from all sides. When laying several cables in one strobe, they must not intertwine. To understand what the cable bundle should be like in a strobe, imagine several pencils clutched in your hand or spread out on a table.

What is the mechanical protection of cables in the strobe for?

As I said, cables can lay in a groove without mechanical protection. Mechanical protection, of course, requires additional costs, but significantly increases the quality of the wiring. The cable laid in the pipe is protected from accidental mechanical damage when drilling walls and with proper installation, it can always be pulled over in an emergency. We pass from the walls to the floor.

Concealed electrical wiring in the floor

Concealed electrical wiring in the floor eliminates a large amount of dirty work on wall chasing. According to the standards, hidden electrical wiring in the floor is carried out in the subfloor screed, only in pipes. Perhaps use smooth-walled or corrugated heavy pipes made of polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), low-pressure polyethylene (HDPE). Of course, ordinary steel water and gas pipes are allowed, but not rational for an apartment or house (according to GOST 3262-75)

I would like to draw your attention to the fact that when using corrugated pipes for hidden electrical wiring in the floor, you need to use so-called heavy corrugated pipes. These pipes are more durable and do not deform when compressed.

Council. The best pipe options for hidden electrical wiring in the floor are strong (heavy) corrugated pipes and polyethylene pipes. The latter are easy to bend and do not require docking at the corners.

Why you don't need to use metal pipes for hidden electrical wiring in the floor

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There are several reasons for rejecting metal pipes for hidden electrical wiring of an apartment.

Installation of metal pipes is a laborious process that requires special pipe bending and welding equipment;
The metal pipeline for electrical wiring must be grounded, which is not difficult, but again complicates the installation;
Working with pipes increases the likelihood of “scuffing” the insulation of the cables, and working with these pipes requires some skill.

However, it is worth noting that metal pipes remain the main channels for monolithic electrical wiring in industrial buildings, for electrical wiring in foundations and for through passage of building structures.

Concealed electrical wiring in partitions and false ceilings

Wiring in false ceilings and partitions refers to hidden wiring... Such wiring is carried out in flame retardant pipes, ducts or unshielded flame retardant cables. Installation of cables must be done with the possibility of replacement during operation (hatches, hauling of cables). The best option for hidden wiring in partitions and suspended ceilings is wiring in a corrugated pipe or plastic box.

Concealed electrical wiring in door frames and window frames

According to the standards (GOST R 50571.15.1-93), hidden electrical wiring is possible in door frames and window frames. This type of hidden wiring is suitable for wires with protective insulation or double insulated cables.

Hidden electrical wiring in wooden floors and wooden houses

In wooden buildings and partitions made of wood, concealed wiring should only be carried out in metal pipes with pipe connections without welding on threaded couplings.

It is possible to use plastic smooth and corrugated pipes made of non-combustible plastic for hidden electrical wiring in wooden floors and wooden houses.

Where hidden wiring is prohibited

Concealed wiring is prohibited

If it violates the technological integrity of the supporting structures;
At the technological joints of floor slabs.

Pipes for electrical wiring

For hidden electrical wiring, special pipes are used:

Smooth pipes made of recycled polyethylene (PE), TU 63.178-103-85, Appendix 3;
Smooth pipes made of non-plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC), TU 6-19-215-86, Appendix 2;
Smooth filled polyethylene (PE) pipes, TU 6-19-051-575-85, appendix 4;
Smooth polypropylene (PP) pipes, TU 38-102-100-76, Appendix 10;
Corrugated polyethylene (PE) pipes, TU 6-19-051-518-87, Appendix 6;
Corrugated pipes made of recycled polyethylene (PE), TU 63.178-117-87, Appendix 7;
Corrugated pipes made of non-plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVCVH), TU 6-19-051-419-84, Appendix 5;
In the absence of such pipes, technological pipes are used:
Smooth pressure pipes made of polyethylene of low (HDPE) and high (LDPE) pressure, GOST 18599-83, Appendix 9;
Pipes from recycled polyethylene (PE), TU 6-19-133-79, Appendix P;
Smooth pressure pipes made of PVC-U, TU 6-19-231-87, appendix 8;
Smooth polypropylene (PP) pipes, TU 38-102-100-76, Appendix 10.

Regulations

PUE (Rules for the Arrangement of Electrical Installations);
GOST R 50571.15-97. (IEC 364-5-52-93). Electrical installations of buildings. Selection and installation of electrical equipment. Electrical wiring;
SNiP 3.05.06-85 Electrical devices.

Photo album of the article Hidden Wiring

The word "wiring" is familiar to everyone, but not everyone will correctly explain its meaning. For many, the concept is associated exclusively with wires. In fact, this is a whole system that includes:

insulated wires laid in the building;
unarmored cables;
their protective structures;
connecting and fastening elements.

And most importantly, this whole system called "electrical wiring in the house" has a specific purpose - to deliver electricity from a power source and distribute to consumers.

It's also important to understand the difference.

Electrical wiring is carried out in networks with a voltage of up to 1000 V: in buildings and structures (inside or outside), on the territories of institutions and enterprises, in yards and microdistricts, on construction sites and household plots.

Cables and wires with voltage over 1000 V, laid in special channels, wells, on supports - these are already power transmission lines (PTL).

KINDS AND TYPES OF ELECTRIC WIRES

By placement, electrical wiring is of two types:

internal (mounted inside the rear);
external (laid along the external walls of structures).

According to the method of laying, both external and internal wiring are classified into hidden and open ones.

OPEN ELECTRICAL WIRING

With open wiring, cables and wires are laid along wall surfaces, ceilings and other building elements of the building.

There are several ways of laying:

free suspension;
directly on the wall surface or ceiling;
in an electrical skirting board;
on strings;
in platbands;
on ropes;
in trays;
on rollerskates;
on insulators;
in boxes;
in the pipes.

In turn, open wiring is subdivided into three more subspecies:

Stationary.

This is a wiring that is permanently connected and cannot be disconnected without the use of a special tool.

Portable.

The contacts of such wiring are connected to each other using plug connectors (not twisted or soldered), that is, such wiring can be disconnected at any time.

Mobile.

It is used to connect mobile mechanisms to the electrical network.

The advantages of open wiring are as follows:

1. It is easy to install. Even not the most experienced electrician, but an ordinary man who understands electricity, can make such an electrical wiring in an apartment with his own hands.

2. No additional equipment is required (such as a power tool for cutting strobes).

3. The integrity of ceilings and walls is minimally disturbed during installation.

4. Wiring is available at any time for inspection or damage repair.

5. It is mobile, if you need to move the switch or the outlet to another place, this can be done without problems.

Disadvantages of open wiring:

1. It is unattractive and does not always fit into the interior.

2. When installing, it is necessary to take into account the technical standards and requirements of the premises (it can not be used everywhere).

3. An open way of laying is the most dangerous in terms of fires. With a load exceeding the permissible, overheating of the wiring and fire is possible, which will immediately spread to wallpaper or decor.

HIDDEN ELECTRICAL WIRING

Hidden electrical wiring is laid inside the structural elements of a building - in ceilings and foundations, in wall surfaces, under removable floors. There are several ways to lay a cable or wire:

in pipes;
in furrows for plastering;
in a flexible metal sleeve;
in the voids of a building structure;
in channels;
in boxes;
in the niches of plasterboard structures.

Now it is rare, but in Soviet times such a method as monolithing of conductors into a building structure during its manufacture was often used.

Benefits of hidden wiring:

1. It is not visible, does not spoil the interior of the room and does not interfere with any finishing work.

2. This installation method is characterized by a high level of electrical safety. All conductors are hidden, which means touching live parts and electric shock are minimized.

3. Being under a layer of plaster, hidden wiring does not have air access, as a result of which it has a high fire safety.

4. The elements of hidden wiring are not exposed to solar and mechanical effects, due to which its service life is increased.

Disadvantages of a hidden method of laying email. wiring:

1. It is practically impossible to repair such wiring. If a wire burns out somewhere, it will be very problematic to find the place of damage.

2. Time consuming installation.

3. It is necessary to immediately clearly think over the location of the sockets and switches, the ways of laying the wires, since it will be difficult to change something in the future.

4. It will be necessary to draw up an accurate wiring diagram. After all, when you need to drill a hole for attaching a picture or shelves, you need to be sure that you do not get into the wire with a drill. You can, of course, do without a circuit, but then you have to buy a special device to detect hidden wiring.

EXTERNAL ELECTRICAL WIRING

In another way, outdoor wiring is called street wiring. It is laid outside houses, along the walls of structures and buildings, as well as between them on special structures or supports.

Such wiring is necessary to supply voltage to lighting lamps, alarms, CCTV cameras and utility rooms (garage, workshop, barn, sauna, bathhouse, pool). All this must be taken into account even at the stage of construction of buildings and structures.

External wiring in a country house is as important as internal. In addition to providing sufficient lighting on the site, at any time you may need to connect an electric tool in the yard (drill, grinder, lawn mower, pump). Do not pull the carriers through the whole house and plot, it is better to plan the places for installing 2-3 sockets when planning the power supply.

The most important difference between outdoor electrical wiring is that it is exposed to atmospheric factors - rain, snow, wind, sun rays. Therefore, it must be reliably protected from precipitation, from mechanical influences and accidental human contact with live parts.

General requirements for electrical wiring.

These requirements are equally applicable to both apartments and private houses:

1. All boxes, sockets and switches must be in such places that they are always easily accessible.

2. All connections and branches are made only in boxes.

4. The conductors of grounding and grounding are connected only by welding.

5. Zeroing of stationary slabs is performed by separate conductors.

According to the PUE (Rules for the Arrangement of Electrical Installations), the following are also regulated:

norms for the number of outlets per room;
the distance at which sockets and switches should be located in relation to the floor and communications;
norms for laying wires (vertical and horizontal sections).

ELECTRICAL WIRING IN THE HOUSE AND APARTMENT

Apartment wiring is not as expensive in terms of finances, efforts and time as wiring in a private house. In multi-storey buildings, an electrical network has already been connected to each apartment from the general switchboard to the input machine.

Do-it-yourself wiring in apartments is within the power of many and is carried out according to this approximate plan:

You should start by drawing up a diagram.
On the basis of the diagram, it is necessary to make markings on the walls and calculate the required amount of wire, cable, switching devices and accessories.
Next comes the installation work - cutting strobes, laying conductors in them, installing boxes, switches and sockets, and connecting all elements.
The final stage is checking the work of the assembled circuit.

Wiring in a private house.

It is also quite possible to do the wiring in a private house with your own hands for a person who understands electricity. Just keep in mind that it differs from the apartment version, since additional requirements are imposed on it.

Power supply should be carried out from a 220 V or 380 V network, with a TN-C-S grounding system. It is forbidden to lay conductors on heated surfaces, as well as near a stove, chimney or fireplace (this rule is especially true for saunas and baths).

A particular difficulty when laying wiring with your own hands in a private house is the installation of the input. First, you have to go around several institutions to obtain permission and technical specifications.

A lot of work is to be done on the assembly of the switchboard and the laying of the input line (digging a trench for the cable or installing a tap from the overhead power line). And only then you can proceed to the internal wiring according to the same plan as described above for the apartment option.

If you are not sure that you can mount a reliable and high-quality email. wiring in an apartment or a private house on your own according to the requirements of the PUE, it is better to invite a specialist. Remember that 65% of all fires in electrical installations occur in the home electrical network.

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Requirements for hidden wiring, necessary materials and equipment, installation features.

It should be noted that there is simply no clear and unambiguous division of electrical wiring into hidden and open. There are two different opinions: some consider hidden only the electrical wiring, the route of which is not visible, it is impossible to trace. At the same time, others believe that it should also be considered hidden, since the cable is not visible, and it is protected mechanically.

We will not break copies on this topic. Let's talk only about the electrical wiring, which everyone considers hidden. According to the method of laying the cable, it can be divided into wiring, and into wiring mounted under some kind of sheathing. In the same room, these methods of cable laying may well be combined.

Well, and, of course, a number of requirements are imposed on hidden wiring, each of which we will try to dwell on in detail.

Hidden or open electrical wiring - which is better?

Concealed cable routing

the wires are not visible behind a layer of plaster or cement, which not only reliably hides the cable, but also serves as a good dielectric, provided that the plaster is dry.

if the chain is damaged, it is extremely difficult to find out exactly where the break or leak occurred;

it is difficult to get to the wire, because for this you will have to remove the ceramic tiles or wallpaper, which means that after the repair you need to make repairs, which requires a lot of money.

Open cable routing

the wiring is easy to get to, without having to remove tiles or wallpaper and then make repairs.

conductors are visible, which is not entirely aesthetically pleasing; exposed wiring is easier to damage than hidden wiring.

Requirements for hidden wiring

The first and foremost requirement is fire safety requirement... Because of this requirement, hidden wiring in a wooden house under the lining must be done in steel or PVC pipes. In brick and concrete houses, electrical wiring cables must either be terminated in a groove, or behind sheathing from sheets of gypsum board, gypsum plasterboard, LSU or plywood.

The next requirement is ensuring the replaceability of electrical wiring... The idea here is to leave the possibility of replacing and adding cables without removing the wall cladding and causing any damage. But, unfortunately, this wonderful requirement is often not compulsorily observed. After all, it is very rarely possible to punch a strobe in the wall, sufficient for laying a whole pipe. Therefore, for replacement, often there is only a pipe or corrugated pipe behind the casing, and pipes for electrical wiring laid under the floors.

Since the wiring is hidden, then one specific requirement is imposed on it, which subsequently facilitates its operation. This requirement applies to the path of the cable route. During installation, there is always some temptation to lay the cable as you please: somewhere diagonally, somewhere horizontally in the middle of the wall. This can save time and materials. However, it is better, nevertheless, to remember that all cable crossings must be performed either vertically, or horizontally under the ceiling or at a height of 2.5 meters. This is for wall wiring. If the wiring is done under the floor, then the cable must always run parallel to any pair of walls.

Hidden wiring allows you to aesthetically arrange the wiring network over the area of \u200b\u200bthe room. In this case, switches and sockets protrude minimally beyond the level of the walls. Such wiring is stationary and is planned at the stage of overhaul. This article will tell you how to properly make hidden wiring

Concealed wiring device

There are two opinions as to which wiring is considered hidden. Some experts say that hidden is the one that is not visible. It is laid in a groove or mounted under the skin. Others argue that cables placed in tubes and channels should also be referred to hidden wiring.

Consider the first, classic version, in which all specialists are similar. That is, the placement of wires in the thickness of building structures. Namely, in partitions, ceilings, floors, wall voids and suspended ceilings.

It is necessary to proceed with the installation of hidden wiring during repair work. Ideally, before applying the finishing coat of putty.

Usually the wires are placed in a specially made strobe. These grooves are made with chasers and a grinder. For household repairs and a small amount of work, a puncher or a scalpel with a hammer is used.

The wiring must have a second sheath or be placed in protective pipes or ducts.

Requirements for hidden wiring in the house

The most important requirement for hidden wiring is fire safety. Its installation in wood and flammable structures requires special care. Therefore, the wires are placed in steel or PVC pipes.

It is necessary that the elements of the cable system are easily replaceable. This rule is rarely followed. And the manipulation of replacing and adding wiring is forced to destroy the structure's coating.

Wiring is carried out vertically and horizontally relative to one of the walls. This will save materials and funds, simplify the work process. And for future repairs, it will simplify the search for a network of wires.

Before installation, plan the cable system. It will not be superfluous to indicate the location of all electrical boxes. The hidden wiring scheme is carried out and saved for the future. If it changes in the course of work, appropriate adjustments are made to the plan.

The electrical safety of hidden wiring is important. Experts advise using three-core cables. And connect the yellow-green ground wire in the future, if it was not provided initially.

You also need to take care of the residual current device.

Hidden wiring diagram

Installation of hidden wiring is carried out in a specific sequence.

First, the type of network branching is determined: boxed or daisy chain.

First, it involves the laying of one cable over the area of \u200b\u200bthe entire apartment. Another wire is diverted from it to each room. This branching is done in a junction box.

Daisy chain connection of the European type implies two wires. One is for sockets, the other is for lamps. They exit from the switchboard into each room. Which contains a switch for each hidden wiring cable.

After that, the locations of the luminaires and branch boxes for the hidden wiring switches are determined.

It is necessary to consider the path of the wires. They are placed 15 cm below the ceiling or 10 cm from a beam or cornice. The distance to door and window connectors should be at least 10 cm. Routes to the sockets are laid at their level. Lifts are made perpendicular to the floor to the places for lamps and sockets.

The lined diagram on paper is transferred to the surface of the structure.

Materials and equipment for hidden wiring

When installing hidden wiring in a house, it is optimal to use a cable with a cross section of 2.5 mm for VVG sockets. It is based on double-shielded copper conductors. And for the connection for lighting devices - PBGPP with a diameter of up to 6 mm. It is a flat wire for hidden and exposed wiring, which consists of one flexible core.

All types of switchboards are suitable for wiring. The same can be said for sockets and switches. True, the socket for hidden wiring takes up less space and looks more aesthetically pleasing.

Boxes for hidden wiring are selected based on the type of walls. They are available for hollow and solid structures. Sometimes for this purpose, socket boxes are used, which are closed with homemade lids.

To securely connect the ends of the wires, purchase plastic PPE caps or terminal blocks.

A chipping tool is required to mount the cable. A hammer drill is enough for a home electrician for this task. For work on concrete, equipment with a capacity of 1.5 kW is required. You will also need a cable cutter and a plastering trowel.

And to fasten the wire in the grooves, stock up on dowel clamps, an assembly strip and alabaster mortar.

DIY hidden wiring

After determining the type and drawing up a wiring diagram, the stage of its installation begins.

Install a distribution box at the point where the cable enters the apartment.

If the repair involves plaster of 0.9 cm or more, fix the wires in it. Sometimes wires are laid along the walls and covered with a baseboard. This does not save much money, but it puts electrical communications at risk.

It is safer and more practical to place hidden guides in furrows. In order not to stumble upon metal fittings, first check the place for the wiring with a metal detector.

The width of the groove must accommodate all wires. Then, due to friction, they lie firmly in the channel and do not fall out of it. The depth of the furrow corresponds to the thickness of the cable plus the space for leveling with plaster. Usually 8 - 10 mm is enough.

Places for sockets and boxes for hidden wiring are made with a perforator with a "crown". If the power of the tool is not enough, then the nozzle is replaced with a drill.

For reliability, the wires are supposed to be placed in cable ducts, which must initially be fixed in the strobe. And the wires themselves are pulled inward using a flexible wire.

If additional protection is not used, the harness is fixed in the furrows with alabaster.

Sockets and their outer frames are installed.

The conductors at the crossroads of the wiring are connected in branch boxes. They protect the ends of the cables from dust, moisture and mechanical stress.

The strobe is plastered from above according to the general level.

It usually takes 2 to 3 business days to replace internal wiring in one room.

Wiring hidden wiring in a wooden house

Particular attention should be paid to the electrical network in a wooden house.

The ideal option is the integrity of the cable without the use of boxes. So each wire from the machine goes to a separate end to the load point.

It is necessary to remove the wiring from the flammable structure as much as possible. Therefore, laying wires over a wooden base is prohibited. And impregnation of wood with non-flammable substances is useless over time.

The wiring is laid in a metal sleeve. To avoid endangering the house in the event of a fire. The pipes are tightly welded together. Or fastened with bolts.

The plastic counterpart is not as durable. And rodents can feast on it. If the wiring is still in plastic pipes, protect it with non-flammable materials. For example, concrete, alabaster or plaster.

The cable should occupy no more than 40% of the space in the pipe. And the thickness of its wall is selected based on the section of the cable. So for copper wires:

with a core diameter of 4 mm - sleeve metal at least 2.8 mm,
from 6 to 10 mm - 3.2 mm,
from 25 to 35 mm - 4 mm.

Requirements for aluminum wires are half as much. So with a cable diameter of 7 cm, a pipe with a thickness of 4 mm is required.

The sockets are placed in metal sockets.

Wiring is carried out using non-flammable wires. For example, VVGng, RKGM, NYM and VVGng LS.

All metal pipes are grounded. To slow down corrosion processes, the metal is covered with a special paint.

The copper sleeve is more expensive, but more durable and easier to install than the steel counterpart.

For safety, it is necessary to install two panels: with automatic devices and switches.

The electrical network is thought out so that there is access to it, without destroying the wooden frame of the house. For safety reasons, the junction boxes remain freely accessible.

1. Run the wiring during the initial repair phase. When, apart from the rough walls, floor and ceiling, there is nothing.

2. Before installing the wires, check the integrity of the indicator. After - repeat the action.

3. Trace surface wiring lines for accurate wiring. This can be easily done with a building level and / or rangefinder.

4. No lighting during wiring. An autonomous energy generator or neighbors will help to solve the problem.

5. After slitting it is necessary to clean the furrows from dust with a brush. Then treat with a primer.

6. Be sure to use protective sheaths when installing wiring in plasterboard structures.

7. Do not forget to leave a margin of cable length at the points of connection with sockets, switches and boxes.

8. Use the same cables: copper or steel. The connection of two different metals is more susceptible to corrosion.

9. New wiring requires permission to connect to an external power source. Therefore, you cannot do without a specialist.

10. Switches are usually placed at a height of 1.5 - 1.7 m on one side throughout the apartment. At the same time, so that the open front door does not block access to them.

11. According to fire regulations, there is at least one socket for every 6m², in the kitchen - three.

12. If it is necessary to cross wires, their insulation is increased. For this, 3 - 4 turns of electrical tape are made around each cable.