Nikolaev Engineering School lists of graduates. Nikolaev Engineering School

Badge of a graduate of the Nikolaev Engineering School.
(Approved 1.04.1910)

After the transformation of the Artillery and Engineering Corps into the 2nd Cadet Corps, the Corps continued to train engineering officers, but already in 1804 the Engineering School for junker conductors for 25 people was opened in St. Petersburg, which in 1810 was transformed into the Engineering School with a staff of 50 people (since 1816 it was called the Main School of Engineers).

On the basis of this school, in September 1819, the Main Engineering School was created, which consisted of conductor and officer classes (for 96 and 48 people) with a 4-year course of study. Graduates of the 1st category were transferred to the officer classes with the production of ensigns, the 2nd category were left for another year, and the 3rd were sent by the junkers to the army, where they served for at least two years before being promoted to officers (by examination and by submission bosses).

The conductor's department studied arithmetic, algebra, geometry, Russian and French, history, geography, drawing, analytical geometry, differential calculus, as well as field fortification and artillery; in engineering fortification, analytical geometry, differential and integral calculus, physics, chemistry, civil architecture, practical trigonometry, descriptive geometry, mechanics and building art. From 1819 to 1855 the school produced 1036 officers. From February 21, 1855, it was called the Nikolaev Engineering School.

In 1865, the school was reorganized on the model of an artillery school into a three-year school with the same admission and graduation rules as in the Mikhailovsky Artillery School. But his staff was less than 126 junkers (company). Its structure and the procedure for transferring students to the academy were also identical with the artillery school. However, unlike the latter, the engineering school was staffed to a greater extent at the expense of people who entered on the basis of certificates from civilian educational institutions. Of those adopted in 1871-1879. Of the 423 people, 187 (44%) were graduates of military gymnasiums, 55 (13%) were transferred from other military schools, and 181 (43%) were graduates of civilian educational institutions. Of the 451 people who left the school during the same period, 373 people (83%) were released with officer and civilian ranks, 1 was transferred to another school, 63 (14%) were fired before the end of the course, 11 (2) were released before the end of the course. %) and 3 died (1%); those. the picture is about the same as in the artillery school. Release from the school in 1862-1879. fluctuated from 22 to 53 people per year.

The engineering school provided the needs of the army for officers of their specialty to a greater extent than the artillery school, but at the end of the 19th century. and its staff was increased from 140 to 250 people. The social composition of the school due to the large number of those who came "from the outside" (not from military gymnasiums and cadet corps) was less noble than that of the artillery school: among those who entered, up to 30% were people of non-noble origin.

Photo of the cadets of the Nikolaev Engineering School with a teacher and a priest. Junkers are depicted with belt buckles assigned to grenadier sapper battalions.

Nikolaev Engineering School in 1866-1880 trained 791 officers, in 1881-1895. 847, in 1896-1900 540, and only for the second half of the XIX century. 2338(172).

A company of cadets of the Nikolaev Engineering School on the steps of the stairs of the Engineering (Mikhailovsky) Castle - Colonel V.V. Yakovlev (later Lieutenant General of the Soviet Army), Major General Zubarev, Lieutenant Colonel Muffel, Captain Daripatsky.

In 1901-1914. 1360 officers were released (see Table 41). Consequently, over the entire period of its existence, the school produced approximately 4.4 thousand officers.

Mikhailovsky Castle, Engineering Castle is the former Imperial Palace in the center of St. Petersburg at Sadovaya Street, No. 2, built by order of Emperor Paul I at the turn of the 18th - 19th centuries and became the place of his death. This building is the largest architectural monument, completing the history of St. Petersburg architecture of the XVIII century. The Mikhailovsky Castle owes its name to the temple of Michael the Archangel, the patron of the Romanov dynasty, located in it, and the whim of Paul I, who took the title of Grand Master of the Order of Malta, to call all his palaces “castles”; the second name "Engineering" came from the Main (Nikolaev) Engineering School, which was located there since 1823, now VITU.

In plan, the castle is a square with rounded corners, inside of which a central octagonal front courtyard is inscribed. The main entrance to the castle is from the south. Three angled bridges connected the building with the square in front of it. A wooden drawbridge was thrown over the moat that surrounded the Connetable Square with a monument to Peter I in the center, on both sides of which there were cannons. Behind the monument there is a moat and three bridges, and the middle bridge was intended only for the imperial family and foreign ambassadors and led to the main entrance. “The Russian emperor, when thinking about its construction, proceeded from the scheme common in European capitals for building a rectangular castle with a rectangular courtyard and round corner towers.”

Album of the Nikolaev Engineering School.
(published in installments)

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In 1804, at the suggestion of Lieutenant General P. K. Sukhtelen and General Engineer I. I. Knyazev, an engineering school was created in St. Petersburg (on the basis of the previously existing one moved to St. Petersburg) to train engineering non-commissioned officers (conductors) with a staff of 50 people and a training period of 2 years. It was located in the barracks of the Cavalier Guard Regiment. Until 1810, the school managed to produce about 75 specialists. In fact, it was one of a very limited circle of unstable schools - the direct successors of the St. Petersburg military engineering school created by Peter the Great in 1713.

In 1810, at the suggestion of the engineer-general Count K. I. Opperman, the school was transformed into an engineering school with two departments. The conductor department with a three-year course and a staff of 15 trained junior officers of the engineering troops, and the officer department with a two-year course trained officers with the knowledge of engineers. In fact, this is an innovative transformation after which the educational institution becomes the First Higher Engineering Educational Institution. The best graduates of the conductor department were admitted to the officer department. Also, there were retraining of previously graduated conductors, promoted to officers. Thus, in 1810, the Engineering School became a Higher Educational Institution with a general five-year course of study. And this unique stage in the evolution of engineering education in Russia happened for the first time in the St. Petersburg Engineering School.

Engineering lock. Now VITU is located in the area of \u200b\u200bthe historical foundation

On November 24, 1819, at the initiative of Grand Duke Nikolai Pavlovich, the St. Petersburg Engineering School was transformed into the Main Engineering School by the Highest Order. To accommodate the school, one of the royal residences, the Mikhailovsky Castle, was allocated, which was renamed the Engineering Castle by the same command. The school still had two departments: a three-year conductor's department trained engineering ensigns with a secondary education, and a two-year officer's department provided higher education. The best graduates of the conductor department, as well as officers of the engineering troops and other military branches who wished to transfer to the engineering service, were admitted to the officer department. The best teachers of that time were invited to teach: academician M.V. Ostrogradsky, physicist F.F. Ewald, engineer F.F. Laskovsky.

The school became the center of military engineering thought. Baron P. L. Schilling suggested using the galvanic method of mine explosion, adjunct professor K. P. Vlasov invented a chemical method of explosion (the so-called “Vlasov tube”), and Colonel P. P. Tomilovsky - a metal pontoon park that stood on armament of different countries of the world until the middle of the 20th century.

In 1855, the school was named Nikolaevsky, and the officer department of the school was transformed into an independent Nikolaev Academy of Engineering. The school began to train only junior officers of the engineering troops. At the end of the three-year course, graduates received the title of an engineering warrant officer with a secondary general and military education (since 1884, an engineering lieutenant).

Among the teachers of the school were D. I. Mendeleev (chemistry), N. V. Boldyrev (fortification), A. Yoher (fortification), A. I. Kvist (means of communication), G. A. Leer (tactics, strategy, military history).

To restore the activities of the school, all officers, non-commissioned officers, cadets, including those who were at the front, were ordered to return to the school. The families of some officers who did not return were taken hostage. On the evening of March 20, by order No. 16, three departments were opened at the courses: preparatory, sapper-construction and electrical engineering. Semi-literate people were admitted to the preparatory department, they were taught to read and write in a volume sufficient to master the basics of engineering. The term of study at the preparatory department was first set for 3 months, and then increased to 6 months. The term of study at the main departments was 6 months.

The courses trained technicians-instructors in sapper, pontoon business, railway workers, road builders, telegraph operators, radiotelegraph operators, projector operators, and motorists. The courses were provided with entrenching tools, radiotelegraph and telegraph, pontoon crossing and demolition equipment, and several electrical units.

On July 7, 1918, students of the courses take an active part in the suppression of the Left SR rebellion.

On July 29, 1918, due to the lack of teaching staff and educational and material base, by order of the Chief Commissar of the military educational institutions of Petrograd, the 1st engineering courses were merged with the 2nd engineering courses under the name "Petrograd Military Engineering College".

Organizationally, the technical school consisted of four companies: sapper, road-bridge, electrical engineering, mine-blasting, and a preparatory department. The term of study at the preparatory department was 8 months, at the main departments - 6 months. The technical school was stationed in the Engineering Castle, but most of the study time was occupied by field studies in Olonets, with Wrangel in June-November 1920 near the city of Orekhov, with the rebel garrison of Kronstadt in March 1921, with Finnish troops in December 1921-January 1922 in Karelia.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Military educational institution of the Russian Imperial Army.

History of the military educational institution

St. Petersburg School of Education of Engineering Conductors

St. Petersburg Engineering School

Main engineering school

Engineering lock. Now VITU is located in the area of \u200b\u200bthe historical foundation

The journal "Engineering Notes" was published at the school

Nikolaev Engineering School

First release September 18, 1918 (63 people). In total, 111 people graduated in 1918, 174 people in 1919, 245 people in 1920, 189 people in 1921, and 59 people in 1922. The last issue took place on March 22, 1920.

The companies took part in the battles with the rebellious peasants in October 1918 near Borisoglebsk, Tambov province, with Estonian detachments in April 1919 in the area of the city of Tambov.

In 1855, the officer department of the Main Engineering School was separated into an independent Nikolaev Engineering Academy, and the school, having received the name "Nikolaev Engineering School", began to train only junior officers of the engineering troops. The term of study at the school was set at three years. School graduates received the title of an engineering warrant officer with a secondary general and military education (since 1884, when the title of warrant officer for peacetime was abolished, the title of engineering lieutenant). Officers were admitted to the engineering academy after at least two years of officer experience, passing entrance exams, and after two years of study they received higher education. It should be noted that the same system was introduced for gunners. Infantry and cavalry officers were trained in two-year cadet schools, where they received a secondary education. An infantry or cavalry officer could receive a higher education only at the General Staff Academy, where the enrollment was less than at the engineering academy. So, in general, the level of education of artillerymen and sappers was head and shoulders above that in the army as a whole. However, the engineering troops at that time also included railway workers, signalmen, topographers, and later aviators and aeronauts. In addition, the Minister of Finance, whose department included the border service, negotiated the right of border guard officers to study at the Nikolaev Engineering Academy.

The teaching staff of both educational institutions was the same. Both at the academy and at the school lectures were read by: chemistry D.I. Mendeleev, fortification N.V. Boldyrev, ways of communication A.I. Quist, tactics, strategy, military history G.A. Leer.

In 1857, the journal Engineering Notes was renamed into Engineering Journal and became a joint publication. Joint scientific work continues. A.R. Shulyachenko conducts extensive research on the properties of explosives and compiles their classification. in the winter of dynamite, and switched to a chemically more resistant pyroxylin explosive. Under his leadership, the mine business is being revived. In 1894, he invents a non-removable anti-personnel mine. Academician B.S. Jacobi, General KA Schilder School teacher PN Yablochkov invents his famous arc electric lamp and arc spotlight.

SHWANEBAKH Emmanuil Fedorovich (1866 - 1904) graduated from the Nikolaev Engineering School in 1883 in the form of a second lieutenant of the engineering troops (colorized).

Notable alumni and faculty

Abramov, Fedor Fedorovich - lieutenant general, in exile assistant to the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army, head of all units and departments of the Russian army
Baltz, Friedrich Karlovich - Major General
Bryanchaninov, Dmitry Alexandrovich - Bishop Ignatius
Buynitsky, Nestor Aloizievich - Lieutenant General
Burman, Georgy Vladimirovich - Major General, creator of the air defense of Petrograd, head of the Officers' Electrotechnical School
Wegener, Alexander Nikolaevich
Russian military balloonist, military pilot and engineer,
aircraft designer, head of the Main Aerodrome, first head of VVIA them.
N. E. Zhukovsky.
Gershelman, Vladimir Konstantinovich - head of the mobilization department of the headquarters of the UVO
Grigorovich, Dmitry Vasilievich - writer
Dostoevsky, Fyodor Mikhailovich - writer
Dutov, Alexander Ilyich - Lieutenant General, Ataman of the Orenburg Cossack Army
Karbyshev, Dmitry Mikhailovich - Lieutenant General of the Engineering Troops, Hero of the Soviet Union
Kaufman, Konstantin Petrovich - engineer-general, adjutant general, Turkestan governor-general
Kaufman, Mikhail Petrovich - lieutenant general, adjutant general, member of the State Council
Kvist, Alexander Ilyich - Russian engineer and fortifier
Kondratenko, Roman Isidorovich - lieutenant general, hero of the defense of Port Arthur
Korguzalov, Vladimir Leonidovich - Guard Major, Head of the Engineering Service of the 3rd Guards Mechanized Corps of the 47th Army of the Voronezh Front, Hero of the Soviet Union
Kraevich, Konstantin Dmitrievich - Russian physicist, mathematician and teacher
Cui, Caesar Antonovich - composer and music critic, professor of fortification, general engineer
Leman, Anatoly Ivanovich - Russian writer, violin maker
Lishin, Nikolai Stepanovich - inventor of a percussion hand grenade
Lukomsky, Alexander Sergeevich - Lieutenant General, Head of the Government under the Commander-in-Chief of the All-Union Socialist Republic, General Denikin
May-Maevsky, Vladimir Zenonovich - lieutenant general, commander of the Volunteer Army
Modzalevsky, Vadim Lvovich - Russian historian, heraldist and geneologist.
Miller, Anatoly Ivanovich - Lieutenant General (pr. 10/24/1917). Commander of the 25th Black Sea Border Brigade.
Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich the Younger
Pauker, German Egorovich - Lieutenant General
Petin, Nikolai Nikolaevich - commander, chief of engineers of the Red Army
Polovtsov, Viktor Andreevich - writer-philologist and teacher
Rochefort, Nikolai Ivanovich (1846-1905) - Russian engineer and architect
Sennitsky, Vikenty Vikentievich - General of Infantry
Sechenov, Ivan Mikhailovich - physiologist
Sterligov, Dmitry Vladimirovich (1874-1919) - architect, restorer and teacher.
Telyakovsky, Arkady Zakharovich - engineer-lieutenant general
Totleben, Eduard Ivanovich - Adjutant General, an outstanding Russian engineer and fortifier
Trutovsky, Konstantin Alexandrovich - artist
Unterberger, Pavel Fedorovich - Lieutenant General, Governor General of the Amur Territory and Commander of the Military District, Ataman of the Amur and Ussuri Cossack Troops
Uslar, Pyotr Karlovich - Major General, linguist and ethnographer
Shvarts Alexey Vladimirovich - Lieutenant General, Governor General of Odessa