How to make supply and exhaust ventilation. Installation of ventilation in an apartment Supply ventilation device in an apartment

Ventilation in apartment buildings often works unsatisfactorily. Because of this, children and adults get sick, furniture gets damaged, and building structures become covered in fungus. Neither air purifiers nor household air conditioners solve the problem. For air hygiene in rooms, it is necessary to organize air exchange. Not every family can afford to install an expensive ventilation system. However, in the battle for freshness, you can often get by with little loss by adopting the simplest and most accessible technologies.

Air mass roads

Most modern residential multi-apartment buildings provide natural (gravity) exhaust ventilation. Fresh air enters the rooms mainly through leaks in the windows (between the sash and the frame) and from there, through the undercuts of the interior doors, it moves into the corridor, and then to the ventilation grilles in the bathroom and kitchen. Along the way, the air absorbs various types of pollution.

From apartments, polluted air enters the exhaust ducts of natural ventilation, which in multi-storey buildings (6 or more floors), as a rule, transport it to a warm attic, from which the air is removed into the atmosphere through common building exhaust shafts. In buildings up to 5 floors high, the “exhaust” usually goes directly into the atmosphere (in this case, the ventilation ducts are brought to the roof, their heads are covered with deflectors).

Natural ventilation ducts are installed in houses during the construction phase: they are made from floor-by-floor standardized concrete blocks. Each vertical of apartments can be served by two ventilation ducts, and if the bathroom and kitchen are nearby, then one is enough.

To ensure fire protection and optimal aerodynamics, in most modern houses, polluted air does not enter the ventilation ducts immediately, but through satellite ducts. The source of the satellite is behind the wall ventilators in the kitchen (in the toilet, bathroom), and the outlet, connected to the general house channel, is on the floor above.

Unfortunately, gravity ventilation does not always work effectively enough. In addition, residents, wanting to squeeze more equipment they really need into their small kitchens and bathrooms, often encroach on the integrity of the ventilation ducts, although this is strictly prohibited. As a result, the functionality of the natural ventilation system is disrupted, the restoration of which becomes very difficult and costly.

Methods for organizing effective ventilation on a whole-house scale are discussed in detail in modern technical literature, for example, in the recommendations of TR ABOK-4–2004. We will limit ourselves to a review of typical apartment ventilation problems and simple technical solutions, which are easy to implement to improve air exchange.

Only fans...

The performance of natural ventilation depends on random climatic factors - wind speed and direction, indoor and outdoor air temperature, and others. For example, in winter, with a large temperature difference in the apartment and outside, a natural ventilation system can work well, but in summer its effectiveness drops sharply.

If the apartment has ordinary wooden windows (those that were installed in all residential buildings during the USSR), in winter, autumn and spring the ventilation efficiency of the residents is quite satisfactory, then the problem is solved with the help of one or two fans installed in the exhaust openings in the bathrooms and on kitchen.

The most widely used fans today are those that operate on 220 V (in rooms with high humidity, fans rated at 12 V are used). Such devices are fixed in exhaust openings in discharge shafts or at the end of the air duct. Such a device can be turned on and off using a rope switch or, what happens more often, from the light switch at the entrance to the kitchen or bathroom.

However, other control methods are possible, depending on the type of ventilated room.

For example, the bathroom is the main source of high humidity in the apartment. Waterproof models with a humidity sensor are often used here. Such a device turns on automatically when the level of relative humidity in the bathroom exceeds a specified limit (can be set to turn on at 60–90%), and turns off when the steam evaporates, wet surfaces dry out, evaporation slows down and the air in the room becomes drier.

Among the models with a humidity sensor, we can note Decor 300CH from Soler&Palau, CB-100 PLUS H from Cata, E-Style 100 PRO MHY (smart) from Elicent and others.

In toilets, fans with a motion sensor and a shutdown delay timer are very often used. When a person appears, such a fan automatically turns on, and after the room is empty, a timer controls the operation of the fan for a set time (2–20 minutes). At the end of the delay period, it deactivates the fan. An example is the 100/125 MA TP model from Vents.

In the kitchen, fans are used that are turned on by a signal from an external air quality sensor.

The sensor is usually a device the size of a cigarette box, and its sensors constantly monitor indoor air quality. As soon as it worsens (the smell of cigarette smoke appears, as well as unpleasant odors), the fan is activated. After the air quality has returned to normal, the sensor automatically turns off the device with a short time delay (3–20 minutes).

An example is the Vario (Vortice) axial wall fan model with a C Smoke sensor.

Cheap fan models are consumables; be prepared to replace them after 3–6 months of continuous use. Only the highest quality devices can operate up to 30,000–40,000 hours in a row (approximately 4.5 years). If you want your apartment to be ventilated more intensively, buy a fan with a powerful motor that has a turbo function. However, here you need to know when to stop. In order not to harm others, the fan’s air output should not exceed 90–120 m 3 /h.

In addition to the fans of the listed companies, it is worth noting devices from the brands Sylavent, O. ERRE, Xpelair, Ductex, Systemair, Maico Ventilatoren, Ballu Machine, as well as Arktos and Smart.

Windows+

If you were quite satisfied with the efficiency of ventilation in your apartment before installing sealed plastic windows with double-glazed windows, and after their installation you felt a lack of fresh air, solving the problem of air supply to your home may turn out to be unexpectedly simple. Set the window latches to winter ventilation mode (latch handle up and slightly to the right) or summer ventilation mode (handle up). Through the cracks formed in the window narthexes, the fresh air necessary for breathing will leak into the rooms. You don't need any additional instruments or devices.

Alas, through windows slightly open even in this way, street noise will penetrate into the house, and drafts will arise, especially dangerous for the elderly and children. If these phenomena are unacceptable, to depressurize the apartment it is better to use supply ventilation valves, which provide silent access to fresh air into the home and normalization of natural ventilation.

Supply ventilation valves can be installed in various places in the apartment. This can be an external wall - on the side of the window, at the height of a person (for example, KIV-125 valves), a foamed window-wall joint (Climabox valves from KVE), a sash or impost profile of a plastic or wooden window (EMM valves from " Aereco"). Siegenia - Aubi offers very interesting models of supply ventilation valves, mounted in the gap between the end of the glass unit and the window profile (Aeromat-80) or under the window sill board (Aeroflet).

Supply ventilation valves do not consume electricity; their capacity, depending on the model, can range from 2 to 50 m 3 / h (for some models, the flow rate can be adjusted manually or automatically).

The number and location of valves is determined according to calculation. Usually they are installed in every living space, at least two valves per apartment. For example, to normalize the operation of a natural ventilation system that removes 90 m 3 /h of exhaust air from a house, it is enough to install 3-4 valves in living rooms with a capacity of 30 m 3 /h each with a pressure difference between the apartment and the street of 10 Pa.

It must be said that the better the draft in the ventilation ducts and the higher the wind pressure on the facades, the more air will flow through the supply ventilation valves into the home. Sometimes there may even be too much supply air, so the valves have to be closed. It is not recommended to place the head of the bed, especially a child’s bed, next to the valves, since in winter they give off a noticeable cold.

But in summer, in calm weather, fresh air may not enter the house at all, even if the valves are completely open. Therefore, in order to provide an apartment with fresh air (especially if it is located on the last or penultimate floor of the house), in addition to valves, it is still better to equip the exhaust openings in the kitchen and bathroom with good exhaust fans.

Overhaul or replacement?

Redevelopment carried out by a neighbor above, or a banal blockage of the satellite air duct (after long-term operation, kilograms of soot, pieces of concrete are removed from it...) often leads to the fact that the exhaust air is not removed from the apartment at all. The candle flame in front of the ventilation grilles does not even flutter. To reanimate the ventilation system, it is enough to contact the management company, whose specialists will help to find out and eliminate the cause of the lack of draft. However, you may not be able to wait for help...

If you cannot tolerate musty air in your home, there is an option to organize an individual apartment exhaust ventilation system that discharges exhaust air from the kitchen and bathroom directly to the street, and simply install plugs on the existing exhaust ventilation openings in these rooms.

Such a system can operate in continuous mode or “on demand” (for example, it can be activated by a signal from humidity sensors or air quality sensors in the apartment). The bottleneck of such installations is freezing of exhaust vents on the street in severe cold weather. However, most of the year they function without problems - if only there was electricity in the house.

First of all, for normal operation of the system, access of fresh air from the street to the living quarters - bedroom, living room - is necessary. If the rooms have old wooden windows, no special equipment will be required. If plastic windows with a sealed sash are installed, then the flow of air into the living rooms will most likely have to be organized. For example, using the supply valves already mentioned above, mounted in through holes in the external walls.

Air exhaust from the kitchen is often achieved using a wall-mounted centrifugal exhaust fan placed over a through hole cut into the outer wall of the house. From the side of the house façade, the opening is closed with an exhaust ventilation grille.

A centrifugal wall fan for the kitchen should have a built-in check valve to prevent cold air from flowing into the room from the street when it is turned off. Example: fans of the CF series (Vents). In the southern regions, axial exhaust fans with automatic shutters are also used, mounted in a through hole with a diameter of 100–150 mm in the window glazing. Similar devices are supplied to the Russian market under the trademarks Vortice, Sylavent, O. ERRE, Xpelair, Ductex and others.

To extract air from the bathroom and toilet - rooms that usually do not come into contact with the outer walls of the house, you will need a moisture-proof duct fan with a capacity of approximately 80-150 m 3 / h: it is usually installed in the bathroom, behind a false ceiling. With its help, moist air from the bathroom and toilet is pumped out into the street through an air duct that is moisture-resistant and sound-proof. Such an air duct must be laid through the living rooms, along the shortest path to the nearest external wall, in the space behind the hemming flow, or in the voids of the decorative lowering of the ceiling along the perimeter of the room. The air intake in the bathroom and the air duct outlet on the street are covered with ventilation grilles.

For bathrooms in an apartment, it is logical to buy a centrifugal fan with a low noise level (32–36 dB (A)), adapted for long-term operation (resource - at least 30,000–40,000 hours).

We can recommend VKP-mini (Vents) with a capacity of 80 to 176 m 3 /h. Up to 4 short air ducts can be connected to the inlet pipes of this device, and only one outlet pipe. Durable models of duct fans made of polymer materials, which do not mind long-term contact with moist, polluted air, are produced by Vortice (Lineo model range), Cata (SMT), Panasonic (FV-12NS1), Shuft and others.

Among the manufacturers of air ducts, we note the companies DEC, Diaflex, Sodiamex. The companies Trox, Systemair, Halton, Swegon, IMP Klima, and Arktos have a wide range of high-quality supply and exhaust ventilation grilles.

No smog or smell

In modern megacities, plastic windows are often installed only to tightly isolate an apartment from the street. The air outside the windows, due to its proximity to the highway, is polluted with a host of dangerous chemical compounds. And its inhalation over time necessarily affects the health of household members...

Alas, sealing the home, as the only measure to combat smog, does not bode well for apartment residents. In a closed home, the air quickly becomes even more toxic than outside. Therefore, in addition to installing sealed windows, it is necessary to equip the home with a mechanical ventilation system.

The simplest solution is an air supply unit that thoroughly cleans the street air of contaminants and, if necessary, heats it to a comfortable +17 ºС before supplying it to the apartment. Exhaust air from the home is discharged through natural exhaust ventilation channels (if they are in working order), otherwise - using the apartment's individual exhaust ventilation system.

Such systems, if, of course, they are correctly designed and installed, maintain the highest level of climatic comfort in the room and do not create drafts. There are no problems with heating the supply air even in severe cold.

To organize the flow of fresh, purified air into a room with an area of ​​10–30 m2, air supply units for one room, for example Marta, or other similar devices are very convenient. This installation is mounted under a window or in any other place in the room, but always on a wall bordering the street. It sucks air from the atmosphere (usually in a volume of 40 to 120 m 3 /h) through a channel drilled in the wall with a diameter of 100–150 mm, processes the flow to the required conditions, and then releases it into the room.

It is noteworthy that air handling units for one room can be installed in already finished rooms, without disturbing the interior, without spoiling the finish, and in just a few hours. In recirculation mode, the unit works as a highly efficient room air purifier.

If several rooms need street air purified from pollutants at once, it is logical to consider the possibility of installing a ventilation system based on a monoblock air handling unit. It will take air from the street, prepare it accordingly, and then supply it through a network of supply air ducts to all rooms that need it. If the house you live in has a courtyard and the air quality there is better than that of the facade facing the roadway, then it is logical to “feed” the apartment with fresh air from this more environmentally friendly air pool.

Structurally, a monoblock air handling unit for an apartment is a box assembled from thermally insulated panels; inside the unit there is a duct or centrifugal fan, an electric air heater (most often single-phase, 220 V, but in some cases three-phase models at 380 V are also used), filters, as well as an automation system and other elements.

Central air supply units are installed on the loggia, but sometimes also directly in the apartment - for example, on the mezzanine, in the pantry, in the dressing room or in the corridor. Depending on the design features, they are placed behind a false ceiling, installed on the floor or on a wall, in a horizontal or vertical position.

Models with a weather-resistant coating of the body and sufficiently effective thermal insulation can be located outside the heated zone - on a loggia or wall of a building - just like external units of split systems. It is only necessary to provide for the possibility of their regular maintenance (filter replacement, engine repair and other work).

To supply air to rooms, an air collector duct (main section) is often provided, from which supply air ducts of smaller diameter are routed to different rooms. The network of ventilation ducts is located behind the false ceiling. Air distribution devices that harmonize with the interior are installed at the mouths of the supply air ducts.

After connecting to the network and starting up, the air handling unit operates automatically all year round. It is only important to pay electricity bills on time and carry out maintenance.

Among the monoblock air handling units for large rooms, one can note TLP and TA-MINI from Systemair, SAU125 A from Ostberg, CAU from SHUFT, “Compact” from Arktos, “Elf” from Engineering Equipment, Fresh Air from Electrolux, GLP 125 from General Climate, KKP from VEZA, Alfa Vent from 2VV and others. Well, we have already mentioned the manufacturers of high-quality air ducts, exhaust fans and ventilation grilles above.

Material provided

The design solution for domestic supply ventilation does not include a humidification function. Air is supplied inside the room with the same humidity as outside. In a situation where there is high humidity in the room and it is dry outside, a ventilator will help to even out the climatic conditions. If the supplied air flow is too dry, we recommend using a humidifier.

Ventilator, air purifier, humidifier and air conditioner - what is the fundamental difference?

How often should the ventilator be turned on?

The device must operate around the clock - it doesn’t matter if there are people in the room or not. Human breathing is accompanied by the release of carbon dioxide - comfortable conditions for people in the room are formed by a constant flow of fresh air. Allergens, unpleasant odors, harmful substances - all this is released by furniture and pets even when there is no one in the room. The switched on ventilator will ensure fresh air no matter what time you return home. We recommend turning it off only if you plan to be away for a long time.

Is domestic supply ventilation relevant in a house with an insulated facade?

Definitely yes. But, the installation team must first be warned about this factor. This will allow specialists to install the device as competently as possible, correctly making a through hole for the air duct in the wall structure, including the facing tiles of the ventilation facade.

What approvals are needed before installing the ventilator?

There is no need to obtain any permits. Current building regulations state that the construction of holes with a diameter of less than 200 mm is not subject to approval by the competent authorities. From the street they are protected by a decorative grille and the presentable appearance of the facade does not suffer. The same cannot be said about the external unit of the air conditioner.

I have a ventilated façade: how to install domestic supply ventilation?

There are 2 ways to install the system, each of which has its own nuances and specifics. They can be briefly described as follows:

Option 1

The hole is not made through, but only reaches the facing slab of the ventilation facade without perforating the heat-insulating layer. In this case, air is taken from the gap between the insulation and the final façade finishing. The gap size is from 40 to 100 mm.

Option #2

Air intake is carried out directly from the street. In this case, a hole is drilled through all structural layers of the wall. That is, thermal insulation and external facade finishing made of tiles, for example, porcelain tiles, break through. Please note that if work needs to be done at height, then an industrial climber is hired to make a hole for the household supply ventilation air duct.

How loud is the supply ventilation?

The design of the device involves six operating speeds:

• 1st is characterized by a maximum sound pressure level of 19 dBA, which is significantly lower than the natural sound background of the environment in the range from 25 to 30 dBA;
• 2nd, 3rd and 4th speeds produce noise comparable to the operation of a household air conditioner;
• Speeds 5 and 6 are recommended for active ventilation of the room.

Is noise possible from the hole in the wall for the ventilator?

In old apartment buildings, ventilation is equipped according to Soviet standards, so it may not cope with its assigned function. Usually this is a simple system where air circulation is provided by fans installed in kitchens and bathrooms.

Recently, supply and exhaust ventilation systems have been rapidly gaining popularity, designed for installation in apartment buildings and being an alternative to outdated analogues. Let's get acquainted with the equipment in more detail.

Why do we need supply ventilation systems?

Struggling with street noise and heat loss, people install plastic windows and don’t even think that they are sealing themselves in a real chemical laboratory, stuffed with toxic substances. Plastic furniture, consumer electronics, synthetic carpets and artificial flooring fill the air with formaldehyde and other toxic substances that settle in the lungs every day.

Installing supply ventilation will ensure a stable flow of fresh air, removing recycled oxygen using exhaust fans.

As a result, proper air exchange is maintained in the apartment, creating a cozy and healthy microclimate. In this case, you can refuse ventilation by opening the windows, which will provide reliable sound insulation.

An important advantage of installing such systems is the prevention of wall mold and getting rid of persistent odors. Other pros and cons can be seen in the table.

The existing shortcomings do not cause inconvenience in operation and do not affect the popularity of ventilation systems.

Residential ventilation standards

For air exchange in apartments there are certain requirements regulated SP 54. 13330 as amended in 2011. It is stated here that the minimum air circulation in apartment buildings should be no lower than 3 m 3 per square meter of area.

There are slightly different requirements for the hood. In particular:

Kitchen areas equipped with electric stoves – 60 m 3 /hour.

Kitchen areas equipped with gas stoves – 90 m 3 /hour.

Combined bathrooms – 50 m 3 /hour.

Separate bath, toilet, shower room – 25 m 3 /hour.

Utility rooms: dressing rooms, storage rooms - 25 m 3 /hour.

In addition, there are certain requirements for temperatures inside residential premises. The optimal temperature is considered 20-22 o C And 22-25 o C for cold and warm seasons, respectively.

Types of equipment used for ventilation in apartments and country houses

Ventilation systems installed in apartments can be divided into three categories, depending on functionality, operating principle and installation features. Let's look at each category in more detail.

When installing such equipment, supply valves are installed in the apartment. The elements are plastic pipes that are mounted into the wall and covered from the outside with an aluminum casing. There is thermal insulation inside.

On the inside, the valve is equipped with a filter and a damper, which help regulate the air flow. The valve does not provide independent air flow inside the apartment (there is no fan here). Circulation is ensured by removing exhaust air through the ventilation ducts of kitchens and bathrooms.

In order for the air flow to move smoothly from the valve to the exhaust system, it is necessary to leave gaps under the interior doors, 1.5-2 cm wide.

Advantages

Flaws

a budget option that provides the apartment with an influx of fresh air; reliability - there are no mechanical elements in the design; simplicity – if you have certain skills, the system can be installed independently; comfort – the system does not make noise during operation; ease of use - the valve does not require complex maintenance; if necessary, it is washed with water; the internal space is not cluttered; the system is not connected to the city power grid.

To install the system, the standard hood must function normally in the house; relatively small influx of fresh air ( no more than 40 m 3 /hour for one valve); During installation, through drilling of the wall will be required, which causes certain difficulties in monolithic buildings.

The effectiveness of natural ventilation decreases noticeably when the outdoor temperature exceeds +10 degrees.

Forced air circulation

This is more complex equipment Efficiency which is much higher than that of the previous system. Such devices are also called typesetting devices, due to their multi-component design, in which the following elements are placed inside a metal box with sound insulation:

fan;

heater;

air filter;

check valve;

automatic control system.

Such models are installed outside residential premises. Installation is usually carried out on balconies, in bathrooms and utility rooms, behind suspended ceilings.

The equipment in such systems forcibly pumps fresh air into the apartment, squeezing out the old air through the ventilation shafts. If the general house air exchange system does not work, the equipment is equipped with exhaust fans. Some models are equipped with a built-in recuperator, which heats the air flow entering the premises.

Installation of forced ventilation systems involves the installation of rigid or flexible air ducts, which will require minor reconstruction of the apartment.

The following facts are considered to be the advantages of the equipment:

circulation does not depend on the functionality of the exhaust shafts;

equipment operates with minimal noise levels;

possibility of fine adjustment of air flow;

automatic maintenance of the microclimate inside the apartment;

filtration removes harmful impurities from the air;

automated operation in a given mode;

budget cost of consumables.

Significant disadvantages include the need to install a suspended ceiling to mask air ducts and a significant increase in electricity consumption.

In addition, installation of such a system is possible only during renovations in the apartment.

Combined system

Due to their design features, such models are considered the most affordable and practical to use. The principle of operation of the system is the supply of fresh air through supply valves located in window frames or walls. Exhaust air is removed using exhaust fans.

Considering that in the winter season cold air will flow inside the premises, it makes sense to place supply valves above heating radiators or electric heating devices. In this case, the cold stream will mix evenly with the warm air flow, providing a comfortable temperature in the living area.

The exhaust fans of such a system operate constantly; during the daytime, when there are no residents in the apartment, the speed can be reduced to minimum values.

Advantages:

the absence of complex elements, which ensures the reliability of the system;

does not clutter up the internal space;

no special maintenance required;

stable air exchange at any time of the year;

The disadvantages are the lack of an air heating system and a filter for pre-cleaning in the supply valves. In addition, the air exchange of combined systems is noticeably lower than that of other models.

Three manufacturers of reliable, time-tested installations

In order for supply and exhaust ventilation to fully cope with its function, you need to carefully select the manufacturer. Equipment from several companies is presented on the domestic market, but not all of the products offered meet the requirements of standards for ventilation of residential premises. Among the variety offered, you can pay attention to foreign brands.

Manufacturer	general information	Features of ventilation systems
MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC	A Japanese company making history since 1921. Initially, the manufacturer's specialization was the development of household electrical equipment and automotive electronics systems. The range and areas of activity of the company were constantly expanding. It is now the largest supplier of ventilation devices in Europe.	Adaptation of equipment to any climatic conditions. Even in Russia, where sudden temperature changes are observed, the systems operate with maximum efficiency and have minimal energy consumption.
ELECTROLUX	A large Swedish concern founded in 1910 Axel Wenner-Gren. The company's production lines are located in many countries around the world, the concern owns trademarks REX, ZANUSSI, AEG, FLYMO.	Wide range of models. High quality components. Modern software. The equipment is characterized by high performance and ease of use.
BALLU MACHINE	Asian holding founded in 2009, the birthplace of the brand is China. Currently, the company produces over 300 models of industrial equipment, including ventilation and air conditioning systems.	High build quality. Affordable price segment. Mandatory equipment with air filters. The systems are easy to use and do not require complex maintenance.

In addition, the ventilation units produced by the Polish company are worthy of close attention. DAIKIN and supply and exhaust systems VENTS, which are produced in Ukraine.

Trying to preserve the precious heat in the apartment as much as possible, we systematically get rid of all the cracks. In less than a decade, almost everything was replaced with modern sealed ones, installed tightly to the box, and all the cracks in the walls were sealed. The long-awaited warmth came to us, but it did not come alone, but with uninvited guests - stuffiness, dampness, etc. We ourselves are to blame, because we sealed the home to such an extent that we eliminated the flow of fresh air. Trying to solve the problem, we open the vents and windows, making it even worse than before, but solving such a problem is not difficult - we need a well-thought-out ventilation system in the apartment. We understand the main types of ventilation and decide which option is most applicable in each specific case.

No. 1. Main types of ventilation in an apartment

Ventilation is as necessary a thing in any modern apartment as running water or heating, although many still do not pay due attention to it. Ventilation systems can be classified according to several parameters.

The main difference between all ventilation systems is the way air moves. According to this parameter, ventilation can be:

• natural;
• artificial.

Natural ventilation exists due to different air temperatures inside and outside the room and wind pressure. Under the influence of these factors, polluted air goes out into the street through special fans (available in every apartment building and private building), and clean air enters through leaks in the windows. Such systems are cheap, reliable, extremely simple, but highly dependent on external factors, and with a small difference between internal and external temperatures or in the absence of wind, their effectiveness is reduced to zero. In addition, such systems cannot be configured, and in winter too cold air enters the apartment.

Artificial or mechanical ventilation It is installed when natural power is not enough. Such systems use a fan, filter, heater and other elements that can provide high-quality removal of contaminated air and optimal quality of incoming air under any environmental conditions.

By purpose, as is already clear, ventilation happens:

• inlet, which is necessary to supply fresh air to the apartment. Cheap systems simply conduct street air, more advanced ones can heat and purify it;
• exhaust allows you to get rid of exhaust air containing large amounts of carbon dioxide and moisture.

Supply and exhaust ventilation are always used together, the need for which is unnecessary to explain. If the balance is upset, the pressure in the room will be excessive or insufficient, and the effect of slamming doors will not be long in coming.

According to the service area, ventilation is:

• local. It is used mainly in industrial conditions, and is necessary in cases where the sources of release of harmful substances are localized and it is possible to prevent their spread throughout the entire room. In ordinary houses and apartments, an example of local ventilation is a kitchen hood;
• general ventilation allows air to circulate throughout the entire room at once. Similar systems are installed in all apartment buildings.

According to the design, ventilation can be:

• typesetting- a system that is assembled from individual elements. It is flexible in configuration, can be used for any premises, but requires professional calculation and design, takes up a lot of space, it needs a separate room, but sometimes such a system is hidden behind a suspended ceiling;
• monoblock system, or ventilation unit, combines all the necessary elements in one body. It is easier to install and produces less noise.

Ventilation of the room is ensured thanks to ventilation ducts, technological slots, valves, fans, special installations, but sometimes, as a supplement, you can use simple ventilation and split systems that can take air from the street and supply it inside. Such solutions cannot be used as independent ones.

A properly organized ventilation system in an apartment will provide clean air without dust and humidity, which is beneficial for the skin, respiratory system, plants and furniture. Experts say that in apartments with well-functioning ventilation, even much less dust collects on surfaces.

No. 2. How much fresh air is needed?

The installation of ventilation or modernization of an existing system is preceded by an analytical stage, which consists of determining air exchange rates. This parameter is different for different zones in the apartment. There are a lot of convenient calculators and programs on the Internet for the most accurate calculation, taking into account all the features, but you can use average values, according to which:

• for residential areas air exchange should be at least 30 m 3 /hour for each person. If the area of ​​the living area is less than 20 m2 per person, then it is necessary to ensure air exchange at a level of 3 m3 for each square meter of the room;
• for kitchen air exchange should be 90 m 3 / hour if a 4-burner gas stove is used, and 60 m 3 / hour when using;
• for bathroom air exchange is 50 m 3 / hour with a combined bathroom and 25 m 3 / hour for the bathroom and toilet with a separate one.

If there is a fireplace or stove in the apartment, air exchange rates increase.

No. 3. Checking natural ventilation in the apartment

Both in private houses and in apartment buildings, natural ventilation works in the same way. This is the simplest option, which gives good results under certain conditions. The principle of operation of natural ventilation was described above. Despite all its reliability, such a system does not always cope with its task. Ventilation ducts account for about 40% of an apartment’s heat loss in winter; when installing modern windows, the source of fresh air disappears, so it is necessary to install valves or other systems that turn natural ventilation into forced ventilation. In addition, the natural system often causes drafts and noise to enter the apartment.

The efficiency of a natural ventilation system depends not only on the possibility of fresh air flowing in, but also on the ventilation duct - it must be clean in order to allow exhaust air to pass through.

It’s easy to check the operation of natural ventilation in an apartment:

To increase the efficiency of natural circulation in the kitchen, it is recommended to install a hood.

No. 4. Types of forced ventilation systems for apartments

Depending on your goals forced ventilation can be:

No. 5. Forced supply ventilation in the apartment

The task of forced supply ventilation is to provide the apartment with fresh air, while the exhaust air exits through the existing ventilation ducts, i.e. through openings in the kitchen and bathroom. There are a lot of ventilation options, and the choice depends on comfort requirements and budget.

The supply ventilation system can be organized using the following devices:

• valves, which are installed on the wall or window. This is the simplest option, which is an analogue of the very slots included in the design, only the valves are a prettier and slightly more functional method of ventilation. The air flow through the valve is manually regulated; filtration is either not provided or is minimal and allows you to screen out insects and large debris. As a rule, air heating is not provided in such systems (therefore it is better to place them in the area so that the air in winter is at least slightly warmed up), and a sound-reflecting visor saves you from noise in the valves. These valves work best in winter. To install a wall valve, you will have to make a through hole in the wall;
  
• mechanical ventilators- these are more modern devices, they can have different power and functionality, and the process of supplying fresh air becomes controllable. Even if conditions are unfavorable for the natural supply of air from the street, it can be forced in. Filtration is represented by a coarse dust filter or a carbon filter, which is not bad. The most advanced devices even have air heating. As a rule, such ventilators are equipped with a control panel or remote control. With all the advantages of such systems, do not forget that their installation will take more time, and operation will require the use of electricity;
  
• breather- an even more advanced installation that allows not only to supply the room with fresh air, but also to purify this same air using HEPA filters, such as those used in modern vacuum cleaners. Such filters trap not only dust particles, but also allergens, microbes, pollen, and mold spores, so breathers are ideal for apartments where children, asthmatics, or allergy sufferers live. The filtration system includes other types of filters. The device can heat the air, and the fan, as a rule, operates in several modes, allowing you to provide the required amount of air. Breezers are equipped with a display and control panel; the unit takes up a little more space than. The only disadvantage of such devices is the price;
  
• supply system with mechanical drive the most complex and expensive. It consists of a system of air ducts that are hidden behind, and massive ventilation equipment that is placed on the balcony. It consists of fans, filters, humidifiers, heaters, coolers and even fragrances. Air enters rooms through air ducts with diffusers. The system has its advantages, but it is too expensive and difficult to install.
  

No. 6. Forced exhaust ventilation in the apartment

In each apartment, exhaust vents are located in the bathroom and kitchen - rooms where the concentration of humidity and odors is high. If natural exhaust ventilation does not work well enough (according to the results of the experiment described above), then it is necessary to improve it, for which they use:

• wall fans, which are mounted instead of a conventional ventilation grille;
• kitchen hoods.

Installing a fan is not difficult, and the effect from it should be very good - the device will push exhaust air through the ventilation duct. When choosing, pay attention to the following factors:

A fan is usually equipped in a bathroom. It can also be installed in the kitchen, but in this room it works more effectively, which removes all odors and moisture directly from the source of their formation.

No. 7. Supply and exhaust ventilation in the apartment

Supply and exhaust ventilation is a way to take control of all air movements in the apartment. Such a system is indispensable for apartments and houses where natural exhaust does not cope with its tasks and the fan is not very effective.

The supply and exhaust ventilation system is a complex system consisting of a block and air ducts. The block contains fans, filters, supply and exhaust ducts with a system recovery. Since the latter are located nearby, it becomes possible to remove heat from the exhaust air and, with its help, heat the air entering the apartment. The savings on air heating are significant. There is the possibility of additional heating or cooling of the air. Air ducts are laid behind suspended ceilings. Such systems can be finely tuned, and with their help you can precisely regulate all parameters of the air in the room. Such a system can be supplemented with sensors throughout the apartment, timers and other elements for the most economical operation. The disadvantage of the system is the cost and the need to lay air ducts.

In order for air to circulate better throughout the apartment, it is recommended to leave a small gap between the floor and the interior doors. In addition, split systems with fresh air supply and normal ventilation also contribute to maintaining an optimal indoor microclimate.

To feel comfortable enough at home, it is not enough just to furnish it with comfortable furniture. It is very important that the air in the room is clean and fresh, has an optimal temperature and optimal humidity.

Today, air conditioning systems are most often used to create a comfortable microclimate in residential areas of buildings. Such equipment effectively cools or heats the air and maintains its temperature at a given level. But it is unable to provide the necessary level of ventilation in the apartment, a constant supply of oxygen-rich, fresh air. If the air in the room is not constantly updated, it will quickly become polluted.

It will be saturated with harmful substances released from furniture and finishing materials, and the oxygen content will decrease as a result of the breathing of people in the room.

This problem can be solved by installing high-quality ventilation in the apartment.

Properly selected and high-quality installed supply ventilation provides a comfortable microclimate in the apartment, giving people good health, high performance and excellent mood.

This process is quite complex and in each specific case requires individual selection and installation of specialized equipment characterized by highly efficient operation.

An example of popular ventilation systems for an apartment

Composition of equipment for apartment ventilation

Different ventilation systems may use different equipment.

The main elements of ventilation include:

This element is the basis of any ventilation system. When selecting a suitable device, three main characteristics of the fan are taken into account - the pressure it creates, performance and noise level.

This device allows you to reduce the noise level from the fan, as well as reduce the level of street noise that can penetrate into the room through the installed air ducts.

Heater.Used to heat outdoor air in cold weather.

Air filter. Protects the indoor air from dust, fluff, small insects and odors.

Provides reliable protection of the ventilation system from foreign objects and precipitation entering the air ducts.

They connect the individual elements of the ventilation system to each other, forming an air distribution network. Installed if necessary.

This device is installed next to the external grille and closes the ventilation duct when the ventilation is turned off, preventing cold air masses from entering the living space from the street in cool weather.

It makes it possible to minimize the power consumed by the ventilation system and heat the air entering the room at the expense of the air leaving it.

Dehumidifier, humidifier and air cooler (air conditioner).A modern ventilation system can humidify, cool the air and dry it if necessary.

Automatic control system.

What work is carried out during installation?

1. Project development.
2. Installation of equipment and its connection.
3. Carrying out the necessary commissioning work.
4. Delivery of the object.

Work progress

Installation of ventilation in an apartment begins with the development of a project. During the implementation of design work, existing SNiP standards, as well as the wishes of the customer, are taken into account. After the creation and approval of the project, the moment comes to sign the contract, which stipulates the date of installation of the equipment.
Then, on the appointed date under the contract, they begin to install the equipment the use of which is provided for by the project.

When all the necessary equipment has been installed, the system is commissioned to check the correct operation of each of its elements, after which the facility is put into operation.

Order procedure

To order a ventilation installation service in an apartment, you need to call the phone number listed on the company’s portal or contact us using the feedback form on the website.

The company manager will answer your questions and help you choose from the variety of equipment offered.

After this, it is necessary to provide an apartment plan, on the basis of which a preliminary project will be drawn up, the necessary equipment will be determined and the approximate cost of the service will be established.

Cost formation

In each case, the cost of installing ventilation in an apartment is calculated individually.
To calculate it, specialists must first study a detailed floor plan and draw up an initial project that sets approximate price limits.
The initial project is agreed upon with the customer. If the price suits you, then our engineer inspects the object itself and carefully studies its features, after which he draws up a detailed project and agrees on the final price.

Types of ventilation

There are two main types of ventilation solutions used today:

Systems with natural air exchange
- systems with mechanical air exchange.

In the first case, the air exchange process of the apartment occurs naturally, thanks to the action of the laws of nature. Air movement when installing natural ventilation in an apartment is ensured by the difference between pressure and air temperature indoors and outdoors.

Ventilation systems with mechanical air exchange are more efficient to use.
When they are used, indoor air is replaced with fresh (outdoor) air using special equipment. In this case, the ventilation process does not depend on any external conditions. The use of such equipment allows for constant access to the apartment of clean air at the required temperature and humidity.

The design of a ventilation system in an apartment often involves the use of both types of systems simultaneously.

Mixed ventilation system type allows you to constantly supply clean air to the apartment with minimal energy costs.
The selection of the most suitable system and equipment configuration in each case is carried out on an individual basis, taking into account the characteristics of a particular room, customer requirements and a number of other factors.

Depending on the method of creating the pressure necessary for air exchange, ventilation systems are divided into:

• inlet,
• exhaust,
• supply and exhaust

Supply structures ensure the supply of clean air to the interior, and exhaust structures remove contaminated air. The choice of a suitable system depends on the type of room. Supply systems are installed in living rooms, and exhaust systems are installed in the kitchen, bathroom or toilet.
The most advanced and functional are those that ensure the simultaneous removal of used air masses and the supply of fresh ones.
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Advantages of cooperation with us

By ordering the installation of a ventilation system in your apartment from our company, you can create a microclimate that is comfortable for living and safe for health.

Using optimally selected and high-quality ventilation in a room is a matter of not only comfort, but also health. It is especially important to take care of the air quality in the room for residents of large, heavily polluted cities.

Modern people must take care of the quality of the air they breathe. When arranging the interiors of houses and apartments, artificial materials are widely used, which cannot be called environmentally friendly. Many of them emit harmful fumes into the atmosphere that can cause considerable harm to health. Accumulating in the air, they can cause the development of ailments, allergic reactions, as well as various diseases, including the most dangerous ones.

We will help you protect yourself and your loved ones from such troubles and problems.

Our company employs highly qualified engineers and experienced, skilled installers.

We will draw up a project for you and carry out professional installation of ventilation in your apartment. It will continuously renew the air in the room and relieve it of excessive dampness, unpleasant odors, and lack of oxygen.

Staying in the apartment after installing such a system will be comfortable and safe. Due to the lack of dampness, mold will not grow in the room.

Our ventilation systems operate reliably and silently. After installation, we provide customers with service and warranty service for equipment installed by our specialists.