A wide variety of fauna are capable of stinging. They represent a defensive reaction of a living organism.

Unfortunately, bites can harm a person's health. Often they cause intoxication of the body, skin burns and allergic reactions.

They can cause a lot of pain, and in some cases they pose a serious threat to life.

It will be useful to know how to provide first aid for a snake, spider, tick, wasp, bee, jellyfish bite.

The right action can help relieve pain, reduce inflammation and prevent complications such as allergic reactions, redness and swelling of large areas of the skin.

If you are in the wild, you should respect its inhabitants, do not invade their space. But it is not always possible to avoid the bite of one or another representative of the fauna.

Everyone knows that many types of snakes are venomous. Their contact with humans can be fatal.

But usually snakes are not the first to attack. They become dangerous if disturbed.

It should be noted that the most dangerous species are the following:

• cobra;
• gyurza;
• shitomordnik;
• viper.

If a person is bitten by a snake, he often does not have time to see what it looked like. This animal does not have to be dangerous.

But in order to avoid the most serious consequences, first aid should be provided for a snakebite. The first thing to do is seek qualified medical attention.

It is necessary to call an ambulance or put the victim in a car to go to the doctor.

While the person will be taken to the hospital, the spread of the poison from the bite should be prevented in the body.

To do this, you should expose the affected area and begin to suck the poison out of the wound. Never swallow saliva during this process, because it may contain the victim's blood and poisonous substances.

It is very important to apply a bandage above the affected area to slow down blood flow and prevent whole body poisoning.

It is very important to restrict all movement of the victim. The more he moves, the faster the poison spreads throughout the body.

In a situation where a person receives a bite, it is important not only to call for help. Sometimes, it is the first seconds after the bite that become decisive. That is why it is so important to be able to provide first aid.

Insect bite

Most often, first aid for insect bites consists of using anti-inflammatory ointments and applying something cold to the affected area to reduce swelling.

But there are people who show increased sensitivity to contact with wasps and bees.

After a bite, they develop an allergic reaction, which can lead to the development of anaphylactic shock.

This condition is treatable, but if measures are not taken in a timely manner, the person may die.

After a wasp or bee sting, you should check the skin for stings. These insects sometimes leave a sting that will exacerbate the bite symptoms.

Most often, redness and swelling appear on the skin, there is a mild pain syndrome.

If a sting is found in the skin, it should be carefully removed with hands washed with soap. After that, it is advisable to rinse the affected skin area with cool water.

This will reduce swelling, pain and cleanse the skin from dirt. At the first manifestations of allergies, you should immediately call an ambulance.

An allergic reaction to bee and wasp stings is different for everyone. Most often, a large part of the body swells, the temperature rises, a sharp pain appears, the general well-being of a person worsens.

To avoid the development of anaphylactic shock, it is very important to call an ambulance. Your doctor will give you an injection of epinephrine to help prevent complications.

Tick ​​bites

Ticks are arachnids that bite, stick to the skin, and feed on human blood.

The danger of contact with this subclass is that they carry a serious illness - encephalitis.

It is accompanied by inflammation of the lining of the brain. The encephalitis virus can cause inflammation of the lining of the spinal cord.

In this case, the disease is called meningoencephalitis or meningitis.

Most of the ticks that carry encephalitis are found in the Far East, the Urals and Siberia. There is a high probability of catching such a dangerous disease.

There is effective prevention of encephalitis, which involves vaccination. Thanks to such measures, immunity is provided for a period of 4 to 5 years.

If you notice a tick on your body, you should remove it. The faster you do this, the less chance that infection will occur.

Choose methods that do not harm the tick itself. Otherwise, large amounts of the virus can enter the bloodstream, increasing the chances of getting sick.

Then, it is imperative to consult a doctor who will prescribe a preventive treatment for encephalitis. It consists in the administration of serum containing antibodies to the virus. In most cases, this prophylaxis is very effective.

Bites from different animals can seriously harm human health. For this reason, it is so important to know what first aid should be.

This will save you from serious complications and allow you to lead a normal life instead of treating a dangerous disease.

| Lesson plan for the academic year | Providing PMP for snake and insect bites

Basics of life safety
6th grade

Lesson 28
Providing PMP for snake and insect bites

First aid for a poisonous snake bite

When a poisonous snake bites, two small red dots remain on the skin of a person from the penetration of poisonous teeth. In the first minutes after the bite, a slight pain and burning sensation occurs in this place, the skin turns red, edema grows. Weakness, dizziness, nausea appear, blood pressure decreases. These phenomena reach their maximum 8-36 hours after the bite.

Immediately after being bitten it is necessary to provide the victim with peace and a horizontal position: this will ensure the minimum rate of transfer of the poison in the blood. Calm down the victim. Transport it to a safe, weatherproof location. Immediately begin sucking the venom out of the wound. To do this, immediately after the bite, open the wound by pressing your fingers, and then, within 15 - 20 minutes, suck the poison out with your mouth. Spit out bloody fluid. These actions are harmless to the caregiver. With proper and timely suction of the poison from the wound, it is possible to suck out 50% of the poison. Cold (a plastic bag with cold water) can be applied to the bite to reduce blood circulation. Disinfect the wound with iodine or green tea and apply a sterile bandage, which should be loosened as the swelling increases.

Give the affected area of ​​the body an elevated position, fix it, apply an immobilization bandage or splint. Give the affected person plenty to drink. Drinking coffee is contraindicated. Arrange the delivery of the victim to a hospital.

When bitten by a poisonous snake, it is prohibited:

■ make incisions at the site of the bite;

■ cauterize the bite site;

■ Apply a tourniquet above the bite site;

■ allow the victim to perform any physical activity.

First aid for insect bites

With bites of bees, wasps, hornets and bumblebees, pain, burning, edema and a local increase in temperature develop at the site of the bite. With multiple bites, weakness, dizziness, headache, chills, nausea, vomiting appear, body temperature rises. People with hypersensitivity to bee venom may experience lower back and joint pain, cramps and loss of consciousness.

First of all you need to remove the sting of an insect from the skin, moisten the stung place with alcohol. Apply cold to the stung (plastic bag with cold water). Give the victim plenty of drink.

Note that the most dangerous are stings of bees, wasps, hornets in the oral cavity where an insect can get when a person eats fruit. In such cases, urgent help is needed, since the resulting laryngeal edema and suffocation are deadly.

Due to the specific properties of the mosquito's saliva, small bubbles form at the site of its bite, itching, a burning sensation occurs.

Itching can be eliminated by moistening the skin with ammonia or baking soda solution (half a teaspoon of baking soda in a glass of water).

Note that in places with a large concentration of mosquitoes, mosquito nets are used, which are sewn from gauze. Various means are used to scare away mosquitoes. Malaria mosquitoes, which carry malaria and other diseases, are especially dangerous. You can distinguish them by their fit. Common mosquitoes sit, keeping their abdomen parallel to the surface, while malarial mosquitoes raise the abdomen upward.

Check yourself

■ What are the consequences of insect bites (bees, wasps, hornets)? Find 1-2 examples on the Internet and prepare your message.
■ How to give first aid for insect bites?

After lessons

Determine what precautions you should take in your area during the spring, summer, and fall to avoid snake bites and reduce the possibility of insect bites. Record your answer in your security diary. Be sure to discuss your findings with your parents and the teacher of life safety.

1. Determine how the contents of your personal first aid kit will change at different times of the year. Make a note of this in your security journal.

2. Based on the results of studying the section "Fundamentals of medical knowledge and first aid" and using Internet resources, medical literature, write an abstract on one of the topics "Causes of injuries and first aid in such cases", "The use of medicinal plants and mushrooms for first aid to the injured (sick) "," Personal hygiene in field conditions. "

A person can be bitten by a snake, bumblebee, wasp, bee, and in some areas - a tarantula, scorpion and other poisonous creatures. From such bites, the wound is small in size and looks like a needle prick, however, poison penetrates through it, which, depending on the amount and strength of the bite, first acts on the area near the bite itself, or immediately causes general poisoning.

Poisonous snake and insect bites

Snake bites, but only poisonous, are life-threatening. Snakes, as a rule, bite a person in the leg when he steps on them. Therefore, in areas where snakes are found, walking barefoot is prohibited. Snake bites are considered the most dangerous when poison enters the bloodstream or lymph nodes. If the poison gets inside the skin, intoxication increases from one to four hours. The venom and its toxicity depend on the species of snake. Cobra venom is the most dangerous for humans. Under the same conditions, poisoning is more severe in women and children, as well as in people who are drunk.

Symptoms from poisonous snake bites are as follows: burning pain in the affected area, two deep puncture wounds, swelling and redness, pinpoint hemorrhages under the skin, fluid bubbles, dizziness, necrotic ulcers, sweating and nausea, tachycardia and shortness of breath. After thirty minutes, the leg may double in volume. With this, at the same time, there are such signs: muscle weakness, loss of strength, weak pulse, drop in pressure, fainting and collapse.

What help is needed after a poisonous snake bite?

• Above the bitten zone, a tourniquet and twist should be applied so that the poison does not get into other organs (only with a cobra bite for thirty or forty minutes).
• It is necessary to lower the bitten leg and try to squeeze out the blood from the wound where the poison is located.
• Begin immediately intensive suction of the poison from the wound with the mouth for fifteen minutes (you need to squeeze the area of ​​the bite and wound "open" beforehand) and spit out the contents. Next, you need to draw the blood out of the wound along with the poison using a medical can, glass or glass. To do this, in the selected dish, you need to hold a lit cotton wool or splinter for some time, and then cover the wound very quickly with it.
• Provide the affected limb with immobility. You will need rest in a supine position and plenty of fluids.
• You also need to put cold on the wound, rinse the wound with a solution of potassium permanganate, inject adrenaline, diphenhydramine into the wound, then deliver the victim to a hospital.

You can not suck blood with poison if there are decayed teeth or scratches in the mouth through which poison penetrates into the blood. It is forbidden to cut the bite site, give any kind of alcoholic drink.

Bites of poisonous insects (bumblebees, wasps, bees) can lead to local symptoms, general poisoning, and also cause an allergic reaction in the body. One bite of such insects does not pose a particular danger. If the sting remains in the wound, it must be carefully removed, put on the wound a lotion with ammonia, a cold compress from potassium permanganate, or ordinary water.

Bites of poisonous insects are very dangerous. Their poison can cause, in addition to burning and severe pain in the bite area, general poisoning. The symptoms are very similar to those of a snakebite. If general toxic phenomena are strongly expressed, then this indicates a high sensitivity of the body to insect poisons, the occurrence of allergies, which can cause death.

First aid for a bite of poisonous insects

• The bee sting must be removed quickly and the poison squeezed out of the wound.
• Put cold in place of defeat.
• Moisten, drip with validol, alcohol, galazolin the bite site.
• Inside, take antihistamines: pipolfen, suprastin, diphenhydramine.
• Hot drink.
• If asthma begins to develop, a pocket inhaler should be used.
• If there is complete asphyxia, use a tracheotomy.
• Call an ambulance.

First aid for animal bites

From the bite of a rabid wolf, fox, cat, dog and other animal, a person develops rabies. Usually the bite site bleeds slightly. If a leg or arm is bitten, it is necessary to lower it quickly and try to squeeze blood out of the wound.

The bleeding should not be stopped for a while. Then the area of ​​the bite is washed with boiled water, a sterile bandage is applied to the wound, the victim is immediately sent to the hospital, where he will be given a special vaccination, thereby saving him from a fatal disease - rabies.

It must also be remembered that you can contract rabies not only from the bite of an animal, but also if its saliva gets on the mucous membrane or scratched skin.

With the onset of the warm season, we spend most of our time outdoors. We try to go outdoors or relax in city parks. Unfortunately, dangerous snakes and insects, which are also active in this season, can spoil the rest. Their bodies contain toxic substances that, if they enter the human blood, can pose a serious health hazard. The following types of poisonous snakes and insects live in our region:
Steppe viper, shitomordnik; poisonous spiders: karakurt, tarantula, phalanx.
Although not all types of snakes are poisonous to humans, it is still worth considering any unfamiliar snake to be poisonous and dangerous. It does not hurt to study the signs of snakes if you go on a hike or eat out of town. Care should be taken when meeting a snake. Do not try to catch or play with snakes. Snakes always warn of an attack: some shake their heads, some hiss, some curl up in rings. You also need to be careful with dead snakes. In some of them, the poison can retain its properties for a very long time, so an accidental prick with a dead snake's tooth can cause severe poisoning.

If you are bitten by a snake, it is strictly forbidden:

1. Cauterize the bite site. If the snake has bitten through the skin, then you will only burn the tissue, and you will not remove the poison.
2. You cannot cut the bite site for the same reasons as cauterizing the wound. You're doing yourself more harm than good.
3. You shouldn't take alcohol. Alcohol slows down the elimination of poison from the body. You can not apply grass and other things that are at hand. You can infect the wound.
4. A tourniquet cannot be applied. A normal blood supply will not let the limb die, but impaired blood circulation can lead to tissue breakdown.

First aid for a snake bite:

1. Provide the victim with complete rest in a horizontal position, since movements significantly accelerate the flow of poison into the general circulation. When biting in the leg, immobilize it as much as possible. Tie a bitten limb to a healthy one and place something under your knees so that they are slightly raised.
2. When bitten in the hand, it should be kept in a bent position.
3. Suck out the poison. Press on the wound with your fingers and vigorously suck the poison out with your mouth. For these purposes, you can use a small jar or bottle. Create a vacuum in the cavity of the jar by holding a flame and quickly place the jar with the neck over the wound. The poison should be sucked out continuously during the first 15 minutes. This allows you to remove up to 50% of the poison from the victim's body. If the victim is alone, then he must independently perform suction.
4. Disinfect the wound and apply a sterile bandage. Care should be taken that the bandage does not cut into soft tissue and periodically loosen it.
5. The victim should consume as much liquid as possible in order to facilitate the elimination of the poison from the body.
6. The victim must be taken to a medical facility as soon as possible for professional assistance.
7. In case of emergency, the victim needs to undergo artificial heart and breathing massage.
8. The victim needs moral support!

Help with mosquito bites
To reduce itching, you need to wipe the bitten area with alcohol, cologne, vodka.

Help with bee and wasp stings
The first step is to find and remove the sting containing insect venom. Then, the site of the bite is wiped with a solution of alcohol or iodine. Cold is applied to relieve pain and swelling. With general symptoms of poisoning, as well as with a bite in the pharynx, pharynx, the eye must be urgently taken to a medical institution.

Date of page creation / modification: 2014-11-18 17:06 /

Animal bites... They are applied more often by pets (cats, dogs), less often by wild animals. The wounds are usually located in the upper and lower extremities. They are superficial, but in some cases deep damage to soft tissues, large blood vessels and nerves is observed. In this case, profuse bleeding, traumatic shock may occur. In the event of an attack by large predators, multiple fractures and separations of the limbs are possible. Animal bites are dangerous for rabies and other infections.

First aid... The edges of the bitten wound are treated with a disinfectant solution, an aseptic bandage is applied. If bleeding occurs, it is stopped by all available means. An urgent need to contact a medical facility for further treatment.

Insect bites... Bites of single bees, wasps, gadflies, bumblebees usually cause a limited local pain reaction. With multiple bites, biologically active substances (histamine, hyaluronidase and other enzymes) entering the bloodstream cause a general toxic or allergic reaction. In case of hypersensitivity, even the bite of one insect has a similar effect. Nausea, vomiting, general malaise, dizziness, headache, chills, fever are noted. An allergic reaction is manifested by urticaria, Quincke's edema, bronchospasm, pain in the joints, in the region of the heart, epileptic seizures, anaphylactic shock.

In case of a bite of poisonous insects (tarantula spiders, scorpions), there is a threat to life. A scorpion bite causes prolonged, excruciating pain (more than a day), redness, swelling and tissue necrosis at the site of the bite. At the same time, sweating, tachycardia, convulsions occur, loss of consciousness and death may occur. Among the tarantulas, the bite of the karakurt is the most dangerous.

First aid... When stung by bees, wasps, etc. an urgent need to remove the sting, apply a cold compress to the wound with a 1% solution of ammonia or 20% ethyl alcohol. Applying plantain or dandelion leaves to the bite site helps a lot. Quickly relieves pain and inflammation by alternating exposure to hot and cold water. In case of general toxic and allergic manifestations, the victim should be given antihistamines (diphenhydramine or suprastin, calcium preparations) and urgently taken to the hospital.

In case of a bite of poisonous insects, the victim must be warmed up, overlaid with heating pads, given a plentiful drink, a semi-alcoholic compress or with a 1% solution of ammonia is applied to the bite site. The victim requires urgent hospitalization.

Poisonous snake bites cause acute poisoning due to the specific action of snake venom. The most dangerous for humans are poisonous snakes belonging to four families: sea snakes, asps, Asiatic snakes and vipers. In the Russian Federation, of all types of poisonous snakes, vipers are mainly found.

When a snake bites, signs of poisoning do not come immediately. After 5-15 minutes, severe pain appears at the site of the bite, often leading to fainting. Serous fluid begins to ooze from the wound. Approximately 40 minutes after the bite, the general state of health worsens, dizziness, nausea, vomiting appear, blood pressure drops, the pulse quickens, the skin turns pale. After 4-6 hours, the victim's limb, bitten by a snake, swells, becomes cold and cyanotic. After 12 hours, bubbles filled with hemorrhagic fluid appear, tissue necrosis occurs.

First aid is aimed at stopping the spread of poison in the human body:

· Create complete rest in a horizontal position;

· Cut the wound in the area of ​​the bite to remove the poison along with the blood;

· Suck blood with a blood-suction jar, rubber bulb, breast pump, mouth (suction by mouth is allowed if there are no wounds or carious teeth in the mouth);

· Apply a wide non-tightening bandage above the wound (you cannot apply a tourniquet that interferes with the flow of arterial blood to the limb, as it will contribute to the development of gangrene);

· Treat the wound with an alcohol-containing preparation;

· Apply cold to the wound;

· To carry out immobilization of a limb;

· Give plenty of drink (tea, coffee), alcohol is contraindicated;

· Urgently introduce anti-snake serum, take to the hospital.

If the above activities are started immediately after the bite, then in the first 5 minutes, three quarters of the poison that has entered the body is removed.