Calculation of radiators for the area of \u200b\u200bthe room. Calculation of sections of aluminum radiators per square meter

There are no problems with the choice of heating radiators today. Here you have cast iron, and aluminum, and bimetallic - choose whichever you want. However, the very fact of buying expensive radiators of a special design is not a guarantee that your house will be warm. In this case, both quality and quantity play a role. Let's figure out how to properly calculate heating radiators.

Calculation of everything is the head - we start from the area

Incorrect calculation of the number of radiators can lead not only to a lack of heat in the room, but also to too high heating bills and too high temperatures in the rooms. The calculation should be made both during the very first installation of radiators, and when replacing the old system, where, it would seem, everything has been clear for a long time, since the heat transfer of radiators can differ significantly.

Different rooms - different calculations. For example, for an apartment in a multi-storey building, you can get by with the simplest formulas or ask your neighbors about their heating experience. In a large private house, simple formulas will not help - you will need to take into account many factors that are simply absent in city apartments, for example, the degree of insulation of the house.

Most importantly, do not trust the numbers randomly announced by all kinds of “consultants” who tell you the number of sections for heating by eye (even without seeing the room!) As a rule, it is significantly overestimated, because of which you will constantly overpay for excess heat, which will literally go out the open window. We recommend using several methods for calculating the number of radiators.

Simple formulas - for an apartment

Residents of multi-storey buildings can use fairly simple calculation methods that are completely unsuitable for a private house. The simplest calculation does not shine with high accuracy, but it is suitable for apartments with standard ceilings no higher than 2.6 m. Please note that a separate calculation of the number of sections is carried out for each room.

The statement is taken as a basis that 100 W of radiator heat power is needed to heat a square meter of a room. Accordingly, in order to calculate the amount of heat needed for a room, we multiply its area by 100 watts. So, for a room with an area of 25 m 2, it is necessary to purchase sections with a total power of 2500 W or 2.5 kW. Manufacturers always indicate the heat dissipation of the sections on the packaging, for example, 150 watts. Surely you already understood what to do next: 2500/150 = 16.6 sections

We round the result up, however, for the kitchen it can be rounded down as well - in addition to batteries, there will also be tiles and a kettle to heat the air.

You should also take into account possible heat losses depending on the location of the room. For example, if this is a room located on the corner of a building, then the thermal power of the batteries can be safely increased by 20% (17 * 1.2 = 20.4 sections), the same number of sections will be needed for a room with a balcony. Please note that if you intend to hide the radiators in a niche or hide them behind a beautiful screen, then you automatically lose up to 20% of the thermal power, which will have to be compensated by the number of sections.

Volume calculations - what does SNiP say?

A more accurate number of sections can be calculated taking into account the height of the ceilings - this method is especially relevant for apartments with non-standard room heights, as well as for a private house as a preliminary calculation. In this case, we will determine the heat output based on the volume of the room. According to the norms of SNiP, 41 W of thermal energy is needed to heat one cubic meter of living space in a standard multi-storey building. This standard value must be multiplied by the total volume that can be obtained by multiplying the height of the room by its area.

For example, the volume of a room with an area of 25 m 2 with ceilings of 2.8 m is 70 m 3. We multiply this figure by the standard 41 watts and get 2870 watts. Then we proceed as in the previous example - we divide the total number of W by the heat transfer of one section. So, if the heat transfer is 150 W, then the number of sections is approximately 19 (2870/150 = 19.1). By the way, be guided by the minimum heat transfer indicators of radiators, because the temperature of the carrier in the pipes rarely meets the requirements of SNiP in our realities. That is, if the data sheet of the radiator indicates frames from 150 to 250 W, then by default we take a lower figure. If you yourself are responsible for heating a private house, then take the average value.

Exact figures for private houses - we take into account all the nuances

Private houses and large modern apartments do not fall under standard calculations in any way - there are too many nuances to take into account. In these cases, you can apply the most accurate method of calculation, in which these nuances are taken into account. Actually, the formula itself is very simple - even a schoolboy will cope with this, the main thing is to correctly select all the coefficients that take into account the features of a house or apartment that affect the ability to save or lose thermal energy. So here is our exact formula:

KT = N*S*K 1 *K 2 *K 3 *K 4 *K 5 *K 6 *K 7
CT is the amount of heat output in W that we need to heat a particular room;
N - 100 W / sq.m, the standard amount of heat per square meter, to which we will apply decreasing or increasing coefficients;
S is the area of the room for which we will calculate the number of sections.

The following coefficients have both the property of increasing the amount of thermal energy and decreasing it, depending on the conditions of the room.

K 1 - we take into account the nature of the glazing of windows. If these are windows with ordinary double glazing, the coefficient is 1.27. Windows with double glazing - 1.0, with triple glazing - 0.85.
K 2 - we take into account the quality of the thermal insulation of the walls. For cold non-insulated walls, this coefficient is 1.27 by default, for normal thermal insulation (two-brick laying) - 1.0, for well-insulated walls - 0.85.
K 3 - we take into account the average air temperature at the peak of winter cold. So, for -10 ° C, the coefficient is 0.7. For every -5 ° C, add 0.2 to the coefficient. So, for -25 ° C, the coefficient will be equal to 1.3.
K 4 - take into account the ratio of floor and window area. Starting from 10% (the coefficient is 0.8), for every next 10% we add 0.1 to the coefficient. So, for a ratio of 40%, the coefficient will be equal to 1.1 (0.8 (10%) + 0.1 (20%) + 0.1 (30%) + 0.1 (40%)).
K 5 is a reduction factor that corrects the amount of heat energy, taking into account the type of room located above. We take a cold attic as a unit, if the attic is heated - 0.9, if there is a heated living space above the room - 0.8.
K 6 - we correct the result upwards, taking into account the number of walls in contact with the surrounding atmosphere. If 1 wall - the coefficient is 1.1, if two - 1.2 and so on up to 1.4.
K 7 - and the last coefficient that corrects the calculations regarding the height of the ceilings. A height of 2.5 is taken as a unit, and for every half a meter of height, 0.05 is added to the coefficient. Thus, for 3 meters the coefficient is 1.05, for 4 - 1.15.

Thanks to this calculation, you will receive the amount of thermal energy that is necessary to maintain a comfortable living environment in a private house or non-standard apartment. It remains only to divide the finished result by the heat transfer value of the radiators you have chosen to determine the number of sections.

To increase the efficiency of the heating system, you need to correctly calculate the area and purchase high-quality heating elements.

Area Formula

The formula for calculating the power of a steel heating device, taking into account the area:

P \u003d V x 40 + heat loss due to windows + heat loss due to an external door

Р – power;
V is the volume of the room;
40 W - thermal power for heating 1m 3;
heat loss due to windows - calculated from the value of 100 W (0.1 kW) per 1 window;
heat loss due to the outer door - calculated from the value of 150-200 W.

Example:

Room 3x5 meters, 2.7 meters high, with one window and one door.

P \u003d (3 x 5 x 2.7) x40 +100 +150 \u003d 1870 W

So you can find out what the heat transfer of the heating device will be to ensure sufficient heating of a given area.

If the room is located in the corner or end of the building, an additional 20% margin must be added to the battery power calculations. The same amount should be added in case of frequent drops in the temperature of the coolant.

Steel heating radiators on average give out 0.1-0.14 kW / section of heat.

T 11 (1 rib)

Tank depth: 63 mm. P = 1.1 kW

T 22 (2 sections)

Depth: 100 mm. P = 1.9 kW

T 33 (3 ribs)

Depth: 155 mm. P = 2.7 kW

Power P is given for batteries 500 mm high, 1 m long at dT = 60 degrees (90/70/20) - a typical design of radiators, suitable for models from different manufacturers.

Table: heat transfer of heating radiators

Calculation for 1 (type 11), 2 (type 22), 3 (type 33) fins

The heat output of the heating device must be at least 10% of the area of the room if the ceiling height is less than 3 m. If the ceiling is higher, then another 30% is added.

Read also: Production of a heating battery from a profile pipe

In the room, batteries are installed under the windows near the outer wall, as a result of which the heat is distributed in the most optimal way. The cold air from the windows is blocked by the upward heat flow from the radiators, thereby eliminating the formation of drafts.

If the dwelling is located in an area with severe frosts and cold winters, you need to multiply the resulting figures by 1.2 - the heat loss coefficient.

Another calculation example

A room with an area of 15 m 2 and a ceiling height of 3 m is taken as an example. The volume of the room is calculated: 15 x 3 \u003d 45 m 3. It is known that 41 W / 1 m 3 is needed to heat a room in an area with an average climate.

45 x 41 \u003d 1845 watts.

The principle is the same as in the previous example, but heat transfer losses due to windows and doors are not taken into account, which creates a certain percentage of error. For a correct calculation, you need to know how much heat each section produces. Ribs can be in different numbers for steel panel batteries: from 1 to 3. How many ribs the battery has, the heat transfer will increase by that much.

The more heat transfer from the heating system, the better.

Every homeowner knows that it is very important to correctly calculate the number of sections of heating radiators, a calculator for this has long been developed and is successfully used by developers. The correct selection of heating radiators is necessary because if there are not enough sections of the battery, the building will not warm up during the heating season; in case of an excess of radiators per room, heating costs will unnecessarily increase. After all, the main task of the heating system is to ensure comfortable temperature conditions in residential buildings in the winter, and therefore it is imperative to calculate the required number of sections of the heating system.

Does the material of the device matter?

Radiators are in the greatest demand today:

cast iron;
steel;
aluminum;
bimetallic (they are made from an alloy of steel and aluminum).

The main thing to know before calculating heating is that the material of the battery does not play any role. Steel radiators, aluminum or cast iron - it doesn't matter. You need to know the power rating of the device. Thermal power is equal to the amount of heat that is given to them in the process of cooling from a heating temperature to 20 ° C. The table of indicators of thermal power is indicated by the manufacturer for each product model. Let us consider in detail how to calculate the number of heating radiators by area or volume of a room using a simple calculator.

Determining the number of battery fins by heated area

Calculation of heating by the area of the room is indicative. With it, you can calculate how many sections the battery will fit into a room with low ceilings (2.4-2.6 m). Building codes provide for thermal power in the range of 100 W per 1 sq. m. Knowing this, we carry out the calculation of heating radiators for a specific case as follows: the living area is multiplied by 100 watts.

For example, it is necessary to carry out calculations for a living area of 15 square meters. m:

15×100=1500 W=1.5 kW.

The resulting figure is divided by the heat transfer of one radiator section. This indicator is specified by the battery manufacturer. For example, the heat transfer of one section is 170 W, then in our example the required number of fins will be:

We round the result to an integer and get 9. As a rule, the result is rounded up. But, when making calculations for rooms with low heat loss (for example, for a kitchen), rounding can be done downward.

It is worth noting that this figure of 100 W is suitable for calculating in those rooms in which there is one window and one wall facing the outside. If this indicator is calculated for a room with one window and a pair of external walls, you should use the figure 120 W per 1 sq. m. And if the room has 2 window openings and 2 outer walls, the calculation uses an indicator of 130 W per square meter.

It is imperative to take into account possible heat losses in each case. It is clear that the corner room or in the presence of a loggia should be heated more. In this case, it is necessary to increase the indicator of the calculated thermal power by 20%. This must also be done if the elements of the heating system are mounted behind a screen or in a niche.

How to make calculations based on the volume of the room

If heating is calculated for rooms with high ceilings or a non-standard layout, for a private house, the volume should be taken into account in the calculations.

In this case, almost similar mathematical operations are performed as in the previous case. Guided by the recommendations of SNiP, in order to heat 1 m³ of a room during the heating period, a thermal power of 41 W is required.

First of all, the required amount of heat is determined to heat the room, and then the heating radiators are calculated. To calculate the volume of a room, its area is multiplied by the height of the ceilings.

The resulting figure must be multiplied by 41 watts. But this applies to apartments and premises in panel houses. In modern buildings equipped with double-glazed windows and external thermal insulation, a thermal power of 34 W per 1 m³ is used for calculation.

Example. We will calculate the heating batteries for a room area of 15 square meters. m with a ceiling height of 2.7 m. We calculate the volume of the living space:

15×2.7=40.5 cu. m.

Then the thermal power will be equal to:

40.5×41=1660 W=16.6 kW.

We determine the required number of radiator fins by dividing the resulting figure by the heat transfer index of one fin:

We round the resulting figure to 10. It turned out 10 sections.

It often happens that manufacturers overestimate the heat transfer performance of their products, relying on the maximum temperature of the coolant in the system. In practice, compliance with this condition is rare, and therefore, when calculating the number of battery sections, it is necessary to use the minimum heat transfer figures indicated in the product passport.

pikucha.ru

Calculation of the power of a heating radiator: calculator and battery material

The calculation of radiators begins with the choice of the heating devices themselves. For batteries on a battery, this is not necessary, since the system is electronic, but for standard heating you will have to use a formula or calculator. Batteries are distinguished by the material of manufacture. Each option has its own power. Much depends on the required number of sections and the dimensions of the heaters.

Types of radiators:

Bimetallic;
aluminum;
steel;
Cast iron.

For bimetallic radiators, 2 types of metal are used: aluminum and steel. The internal base is made of durable steel. The outer side is made of aluminium. It provides a good increase in heat transfer of the device. The result is a reliable system with good power. Heat transfer is affected by the center spacing and a specific radiator model.

The power of Rifar radiators is 204 W with a center spacing of 50 cm. Other manufacturers provide lower performance products.

For an aluminum radiator, the thermal power is similar to bimetallic devices. Typically, this figure with a center distance of 50 cm is 180-190 watts. More expensive devices have power up to 210 watts.

Aluminum is often used when organizing individual heating in a private house. The design of the devices is quite simple, but the devices are distinguished by excellent heat dissipation. Such radiators are not resistant to water hammer, so they cannot be used for central heating.

When calculating the power of a bimetallic and aluminum radiator, the indicator of one section is taken into account, since the devices have a monolithic design. For steel compositions, the calculation is performed for the entire battery at certain dimensions. The choice of such devices should be carried out taking into account their rows.

Measurement of heat transfer of cast iron radiators ranges from 120 to 150 watts. In some cases, the power can reach 180 watts. Cast iron is resistant to corrosion and can work at a pressure of 10 bar. They can be used in any building.

Cons of cast iron products:

Heavy - 70 kg weigh 10 sections with a distance of 50 cm;
Complicated installation due to gravity;
Takes longer to warm up and uses more heat.

When choosing which battery to buy, the power of one section is taken into account. So determine the device with the required number of compartments. With a center distance of 50 cm, the power of the structure is 175 watts. And at a distance of 30 cm, the indicator is measured as 120 watts.

Calculator for calculating heating radiators by area

The area register calculator is the easiest way to determine the required number of radiators per 1m2. Calculations are made on the basis of the norms of produced power. There are 2 main prescriptions of the norms, taking into account the climatic features of the region.

Basic norms:

For temperate climates, the required power is 60-100 W;
For the northern regions, the norm is 150-200 watts.

Many are interested in why there is such a large range in the norms. But the power is selected based on the initial parameters of the house. Concrete buildings require maximum power ratings. Brick - medium, insulated - low.

All norms are taken into account with an average maximum shelf height of 2.7 m.

To calculate the sections, you will need to multiply the area by the norm and divide by the heat transfer of one section. Depending on the radiator model, it takes into account the power of one section. This information can be found in the technical data. Everything is quite simple and does not present any special difficulties.

Calculator for a simple calculation of heating batteries per area

The calculator is an effective calculation option. For a room of 10 square meters, 1 kW (1000 W) is required. But this is provided that the room is not angular and double-glazed windows are installed. To find out the number of fins of panel devices, it is necessary to divide the required power by the heat transfer of one section.

At the same time, the height of the ceilings is taken into account. If they are higher than 3.5 m, then you will need to increase the number of sections by one. And if the room is angular, then we add plus one compartment.

Take into account the reserve of thermal power. This is 10-20% of the calculated indicator. This is necessary in case of severe cold.

The heat dissipation of the sections is specified in the technical data. For aluminum and bimetallic batteries, the power of one section is taken into account. For cast iron appliances, the heat transfer of the entire radiator is taken as the basis.

Calculator for the exact calculation of the number of sections of heating radiators

A simple calculation does not take into account many factors. The result is skewed data. Then some rooms remain cold, the second - too hot. The temperature can be controlled using shut-off valves, but it is better to calculate everything exactly in advance in order to use the right amount of materials.

For an accurate calculation, reducing and increasing thermal coefficients are used. First, pay attention to the windows. For single glazing, a factor of 1.7 is used. For double windows, no coefficient is needed. For triples, the indicator is 0.85.

If the windows are single, and there is no thermal insulation, then the heat loss will be quite large.

The calculations take into account the ratio of the area of \u200b\u200bfloors and windows. The ideal ratio is 30%. Then a coefficient of 1 is applied. With an increase in the ratio by 10%, the coefficient increases by 0.1.

Coefficients for different ceiling heights:

If the ceiling is below 2.7 m, the coefficient is not needed;
With indicators from 2.7 to 3.5 m, a coefficient of 1.1 is used;
When the height is 3.5-4.5 m, a factor of 1.2 will be required.

In the presence of attics or upper floors, it also applies certain coefficients. With a warm attic, an indicator of 0.9 is used, a living room - 0.8. For unheated attics take 1.

Volume calculator for calculating heat for space heating

Similar calculations are used for too high or too low rooms. At the same time, they are calculated by the volume of the room. So for 1 m3 you need 51 watts of battery power. The calculation formula looks like this: A \u003d B * 41

Deciphering the formula:

A - how many sections are needed;
B is the volume of the room.

To find the volume, multiply the length by the height and width. If its battery is divided into sections, then the total need is divided by the power of the whole battery. The resulting calculations are usually rounded up, as companies often increase the capacity of their equipment.

How to calculate the number of radiator sections per room: errors

The heat output according to the formulas is calculated taking into account ideal conditions. Ideally, the temperature of the coolant at the inlet is 90 degrees, and at the outlet - 70. If the temperature in the house is maintained at 20 degrees, then the warm pressure of the system will be 70 degrees. But at the same time, one of the indicators will necessarily be different.

First you need to calculate the temperature difference of the system. We take the initial data: the temperature at the inlet and outlet, in the room. Next, we determine the delta of the system: it will be necessary to calculate the arithmetic mean between the inlet and outlet indicators, then the temperature in the room is taken away.

The resulting delta should be found in the conversion table and multiply the power by this factor. As a result, it receives the power of one section. The table consists of only two columns: delta and coefficient. The indicator is in watts. This power is used when calculating the number of batteries.

Features of the calculation of heating

It is often stated that 100 watts is enough for 1 square meter. But these figures are superficial. They do not take into account many factors that are worth knowing about.

Required data for calculation:

Room area.
The number of external walls. They cool the rooms.
Sides of the world. It is important whether it is sunny or shaded side.
Winter wind rose. Where it is windy enough in winter, the room will be cold. All data is taken into account by the calculator.
The climate of the region is the minimum temperature. Just take averages.
Wall masonry - how many bricks were used, is there any insulation.
Window. Take into account their area, insulation, type.
Number of doors. It is worth remembering that they take heat and bring cold.
Battery wiring diagram.

In addition, the power of one section of the radiator is always taken into account. Thanks to this, you can find out how many radiators to hang in one line. The calculator greatly simplifies the calculations, since many data are unchanged.

homeli.ru

Why do you need an accurate calculation?

Before calculating the number of sections of heating radiators, it would be useful to know the purpose of this operation. Most often, this is an economic benefit and ensuring the required level of temperature in the room.

Ensuring a comfortable temperature in the house

Ensuring a certain constant temperature in the room is the most obvious answer to the question of why it is necessary to calculate the number of sections of heating radiators. The temperature in the room will depend not only on the power of the battery, but also on a number of other parameters:

coolant temperature in the radiator;
the degree of insulation of the house;
temperature outside the window;
type of radiators;
area of the premises;
ceiling heights.

In the subsequent consideration of the calculation formulas, most of these parameters will appear in them.

Energy saving

Regardless of the type of energy carrier used to heat the house (gas, electricity or solid fuel), its excessive consumption not only results in too high a temperature in the room, but also leads to increased costs. Therefore, the calculation of heating radiators can significantly save energy costs.

A simple way to calculate radiators by area

A large number of parameters can take part in calculating the power of the heating device and the number of its sections. Calculation of heating batteries per area is the easiest way, even a person without special education, who has nothing to do with heat engineering, is able to perform it.

The essence of this method is that 100 watts of heating device power should fall on 1 square meter of heated area. In this case, the number of battery sections will be calculated according to the following algorithm: N = (S * 100) / P, where S is the area of the heated room, N is the number of radiator sections, P is the power of each section.

It should be noted that this formula is relevant for typical houses with a ceiling height of 2.5 meters. If the heated room is a corner room or it has a large window and a balcony, then it is recommended to correct the calculation result by 20%.

Exact methods for calculating heating radiators

If the heated room is not a typical one, then it is better to refuse the average formula for calculating heating radiators. If the ceiling height exceeds 2.5 meters, then it is more expedient to use a calculation formula that does not depend on the area, but on the volume of the heated room. Finding out the volume of a room is not difficult - you just need to multiply its area by its height. Building codes state that one cubic meter of heated area should have 41 watts of radiator power.

Then the formula for calculating the number of radiator sections is as follows: N= S*H*41/P, where S is the area of the room, H is the height of the room, N is the number of radiator sections, P is the power of one section.

The calculation of the number of sections of a heating radiator in a private house should take into account the quality of the glazing of window openings, the degree of insulation of the house and other parameters. In this case, the calculation formula is as follows N=100*S*K1*K2*K3*K4*K5*K6*K7/ P, where:

N is the number of radiator sections;
S is the area of the heated room;
K1 - glazing coefficient (for a regular window it is 1.27; for a double-glazed window with two glasses - 1; for a triple - 0.87);
K2 - the coefficient of insulation of the house, with poor insulation - equal to 1.27; with satisfactory -1; with good - 0.85;
K3 - ratio of window area to floor area (50% coefficient is 1.2; 40% - 1.1, 30% -1; 20% - 0.9; 10% - 0.8);
K4 - temperature coefficient that takes into account the average temperature in the room in the coldest week (at 35 degrees, it will be equal to 1.5; at 25 - 1.3; at 20 - 1.1; at 15 degrees - 0.9; at 10 - 0.7);
K5 - taking into account the number of external walls (for a room with one wall, the coefficient is 1.1; for a room with two walls - 1.2; with three - 1.3);
K6 - coefficient taking into account the nature of the room on the floor above (for an unheated attic, the coefficient is equal to one, for a heated utility room - 0.9; heated room - 0.7);
K7 - coefficient taking into account the height of ceilings (for a standard ceiling height of 2.5 m, the coefficient is equal to one; 3 meters - 1.05; 3.5 m - 1.1; 4 m - 1.15).

Any of these parameters in which you are unsure should be taken as a unit, so it is excluded from the calculation and considered standard.

Calculating the number of radiators using a calculator

It will take a little time and skill to handle numbers to perform calculations using any of the above formulas. If you do not have a penchant for the exact sciences and free time, then it is better to use a specially designed calculator.

If it was decided to calculate the heating in a private house, the calculator will become an indispensable assistant. In it, you select the parameters of your home that affect the power of the heating device, and the program automatically applies the coefficients:

area of the room;
ceiling height;
temperature;
glazing;
the number of external walls and other factors.

You just have to enter all these parameters and in an instant get the desired figure in order to calculate the number of sections of heating radiators for your room.

It is worth noting that the calculator uses the same algorithms and formulas that were given above, so software and independent calculations do not differ in quality at all.

Outcome

Calculate the number of radiator sections as accurately as possible and take into account as many factors and criteria as possible. This will ensure maximum comfort in the house and minimum energy costs.

vsadu.ru

Section (heating radiator)- the smallest structural element of the radiator battery.

It is usually a hollow, cast iron or aluminum two-tube structure finned to improve thermal transfer by means of radiation and convection.

Radiator sections heating systems are interconnected into batteries using radiator nipples, the coolant (steam or hot water) is supplied and removed through screwed couplings, excess (unused) holes are plugged with threaded plugs in which a tap is sometimes screwed in to drain air from the heating system. The coloring of the assembled battery is usually done after assembly.

Calculator of the number of sections in heating radiators

Online calculator for calculating the required number of radiator sections for heating a given room with a known heat transfer

The formula for calculating the number of radiator sections

N = S/t*100*w*h*r

N is the number of radiator sections;
S is the area of the room;
t is the amount of heat to heat the room;
w is the window factor
- Ordinary glazing - 1.1;
- Plastic (double glazing) - 1;
h is the ceiling height factor;
- up to 2.7 meters - 1;
- from 2.7 to 3.5 meters - 1.1;
r - room placement coefficient:
- not angular - 1;
- corner - 1.

The amount needed to heat a room (t) is calculated by multiplying the area of the room by 100 W. That is, to heat a room of 18 m 2, you need heat 18 * 100 \u003d 1800 W or 1.8 kW

Synonyms: radiator, heating, heat, battery, sections of the radiator, radiator.

wpcalc.com

Purpose of calculations

Regulatory documentation on heating (SNiP 2.04.05-91, SNiP 3.05-01-85), building climatology (SP 131.13330.2012) and thermal protection of buildings (SNiP 23-02-2003) requires the heating equipment of a residential building to fulfill the following conditions:

Ensuring full compensation for heat losses of the dwelling in cold weather;
Maintenance in the premises of a private dwelling or public building of nominal temperatures regulated by sanitary and building codes. In particular, the bathroom requires a temperature within 25 degrees C, and for a living room it is much lower, only 18 degrees C.

Heating battery assembled with an excessive number of sections

Using the calculator for calculating the heating system, the heat output of the radiator is determined for efficient heating of a living area or utility room in a specified temperature range, after which the radiator format is adjusted.

Area calculation method

The algorithm for calculating heating radiators by area consists in comparing the thermal power of the device (indicated by the manufacturer in the product passport) and the area of \u200b\u200bthe room in which heating is planned to be installed. When setting the task of how to calculate the number of heating radiators, the amount of heat that needs to be received from heaters to heat housing in accordance with sanitary standards is first determined. To do this, heat engineers introduced the so-called heating power indicator per square or cubic meter in the volume of the room. Its average values are determined for several climatic regions, in particular:

regions with a temperate climate (Moscow and Moscow region) - from 50 to 100 W / sq. m;
regions of the Urals and Siberia - up to 150 W/sq. m;
for the regions of the North - it is already necessary from 150 to 200 W / sq. m.

The sequence of heat engineering calculations for heating a private dwelling through the area of \u200b\u200bthe heated room is as follows:

The estimated area of \u200b\u200bthe room S is determined, expressed in square meters. meters;
The resulting value of the area S is multiplied by the heating power indicator adopted for a given climatic region. To simplify calculations, it is often taken equal to 100 watts per square meter. As a result of multiplying S by 100 W/sq. the meter turns out the amount of heat Q pom required to heat the room;
The resulting value of Q pom must be divided by the radiator power indicator (heat transfer) Q rad.

The required number of radiator sections is determined by the formula:

N \u003d Q pom / Q rad. The result is rounded up.

Heat transfer parameters of radiators

On the market of sectional batteries for heating a residential building, products made of cast iron, steel, aluminum and bimetallic models are widely represented. The table shows the heat transfer indicators of the most popular sectional heaters.

Values of heat transfer parameters of modern sectional radiators

Radiator model, material of manufacture	Heat transfer, W
Cast iron M-140 (accordion proven for decades)	155
Viadrus KALOR 500/70?	110
Viadrus KALOR 500/130?	191
Kermi steel radiators	to 13173
Steel radiators Arbonia	before 2805
Bimetal RIFAR Base	204
RIFAR Alp	171
Aluminum Royal Termo Optimal	195
RoyalTermo Evolution	205
Bimetal RoyalTermo BiLiner	171

Comparing the tabular indicators of cast-iron and bimetallic batteries, which are most adapted to the parameters of central heating, it is easy to note their identity, which facilitates calculations when choosing a method of heating a residential building.

Identity of cast iron and bimetallic batteries when calculating power

Refinement coefficients

To refine the calculator for determining the number of sections for heating a room, correction factors are introduced into the simplified formula N \u003d Q pom / Q rad, taking into account various factors that affect heat transfer inside a private dwelling. Then the valueQpomis determined by the refined formula:

Q pom \u003d S * 100 * K 1 * K 2 * K 3 * K 4 * K 5 * K 6.

In this formula, the correction factors take into account the following factors:

K 1 - to take into account the method of glazing windows. For ordinary glazing K 1 =1.27, for double glazing K 1 =1.0, for triple K 1 =0.85;
K 2 takes into account the deviation of the ceiling height from the standard size of 2.7 meters. K 2 is determined by dividing the size of the height by 2.7 m. For example, for a room 3 meters high, the coefficient K 2 \u003d Z.0 / 2.7 \u003d 1.11;
K 3 corrects the heat transfer depending on the installation location of the radiator sections.

The values of the correction factor K3 depending on the battery installation scheme

To 4 correlates the location of the outer walls with the intensity of heat transfer. If there is only one outer wall, then K = 1.1. For the corner room there are already two outer walls, respectively, K = 1.2. For a separate room with four outer walls, K = 1.4.
K 5 is necessary for adjustment if there is a room above the settlement room: if there is a cold attic above, then K = 1, for a heated attic K = 0.9 and for a heated room from above K = 0.8;
K 6 makes adjustments for the ratio of window and floor areas. If the window area is only 10% of the floor area, then K = 0.8. For stained-glass windows with an area of up to 40% of the floor area K = 1.2.

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Calculation of heating radiators by area

The easiest way. Calculate the amount of heat required for heating, based on the area of \u200b\u200bthe room in which the radiators will be installed. You know the area of \u200b\u200beach room, and the need for heat can be determined according to the building codes of SNiP:

for an average climatic zone, 60-100W is required for heating 1m 2 of a dwelling;
for areas above 60 o, 150-200W is required.

Based on these norms, you can calculate how much heat your room will require. If the apartment / house is located in the middle climatic zone, for heating an area of 16m 2, 1600W of heat will be required (16 * 100 = 1600). Since the norms are average, and the weather does not indulge in constancy, we believe that 100W is required. Although, if you live in the south of the middle climatic zone and your winters are mild, consider 60W.

A power reserve in heating is needed, but not very large: with an increase in the amount of power required, the number of radiators increases. And the more radiators, the more coolant in the system. If for those who are connected to central heating this is not critical, then for those who have or plan individual heating, a large volume of the system means large (extra) costs for heating the coolant and a large inertia of the system (the set temperature is maintained less accurately). And the logical question arises: “Why pay more?”

Having calculated the need for heat in the room, we can find out how many sections are required. Each of the heaters can emit a certain amount of heat, which is indicated in the passport. The found heat demand is taken and divided by the radiator power. The result is the required number of sections to make up for losses.

Let's count the number of radiators for the same room. We have determined that we need to allocate 1600W. Let the power of one section be 170W. It turns out 1600/170 \u003d 9.411 pieces. You can round up or down as you wish. You can round it into a smaller one, for example, in the kitchen - there are enough additional heat sources, and into a larger one - it is better in a room with a balcony, a large window or in a corner room.

The system is simple, but the disadvantages are obvious: the height of the ceilings can be different, the material of the walls, windows, insulation and a number of other factors are not taken into account. So the calculation of the number of sections of heating radiators according to SNiP is indicative. You need to make adjustments for accurate results.

How to calculate radiator sections by room volume

This calculation takes into account not only the area, but also the height of the ceilings, because you need to heat all the air in the room. So this approach is justified. And in this case, the procedure is similar. We determine the volume of the room, and then, according to the norms, we find out how much heat is needed to heat it:

in a panel house, 41W is required to heat a cubic meter of air;
in a brick house on m 3 - 34W.

Let's calculate everything for the same room with an area of 16m 2 and compare the results. Let the ceiling height be 2.7m. Volume: 16 * 2.7 \u003d 43.2m 3.

In a panel house. The heat required for heating is 43.2m 3 * 41V = 1771.2W. If we take all the same sections with a power of 170W, we get: 1771W / 170W = 10.418pcs (11pcs).
In a brick house. Heat is needed 43.2m 3 * 34W = 1468.8W. We consider radiators: 1468.8W / 170W = 8.64pcs (9pcs).

As you can see, the difference is quite large: 11pcs and 9pcs. Moreover, when calculating by area, we got the average value (if rounded in the same direction) - 10pcs.

Adjustment of results

In order to get a more accurate calculation, you need to take into account as many factors as possible that reduce or increase heat loss. This is what the walls are made of and how well they are insulated, how big the windows are, and what kind of glazing they have, how many walls in the room face the street, etc. To do this, there are coefficients by which you need to multiply the found values \u200b\u200bof the heat loss of the room.

Window

Windows account for 15% to 35% of heat loss. The specific figure depends on the size of the window and how well it is insulated. Therefore, there are two corresponding coefficients:

ratio of window area to floor area:
- 10% — 0,8
- 20% — 0,9
- 30% — 1,0
- 40% — 1,1
- 50% — 1,2
glazing:
- three-chamber double-glazed window or argon in a two-chamber double-glazed window - 0.85
- ordinary two-chamber double-glazed window - 1.0
- conventional double frames - 1.27.

Walls and roof

To account for losses, the material of the walls, the degree of thermal insulation, the number of walls facing the street are important. Here are the coefficients for these factors.

Degree of thermal insulation:

brick walls with a thickness of two bricks are considered the norm - 1.0
insufficient (absent) - 1.27
good - 0.8

The presence of external walls:

indoors - no loss, coefficient 1.0
one - 1.1
two - 1.2
three - 1.3

The amount of heat loss is influenced by whether the room is heated or not located on top. If a habitable heated room is above (the second floor of a house, another apartment, etc.), the reducing factor is 0.7, if the heated attic is 0.9. It is generally accepted that an unheated attic does not affect the temperature in and (factor 1.0).

If the calculation was carried out by area, and the height of the ceilings is non-standard (a height of 2.7 m is taken as the standard), then a proportional increase / decrease using a coefficient is used. It is considered easy. To do this, divide the actual height of the ceilings in the room by the standard 2.7 m. Get the required ratio.

Let's calculate for example: let the height of the ceilings be 3.0 m. We get: 3.0m / 2.7m = 1.1. This means that the number of radiator sections, which was calculated by the area for a given room, must be multiplied by 1.1.

All these norms and coefficients were determined for apartments. To take into account the heat loss of the house through the roof and basement / foundation, you need to increase the result by 50%, that is, the coefficient for a private house is 1.5.

climatic factors

You can make adjustments depending on the average temperatures in winter:

-10 o C and above - 0.7
-15 o C - 0.9
-20 o C - 1.1
-25 o C - 1.3
-30 o C - 1.5

Having made all the required adjustments, you will get a more accurate number of radiators required for heating the room, taking into account the parameters of the premises. But these are not all the criteria that affect the power of thermal radiation. There are other technical details, which we will discuss below.

Calculation of different types of radiators

If you are going to install sectional radiators of a standard size (with an axial distance of 50 cm in height) and have already chosen the material, model and desired size, there should be no difficulty in calculating their number. Most of the reputable companies that supply good heating equipment have the technical data of all modifications on their website, among which there is also thermal power. If not power is indicated, but the flow rate of the coolant, then it is easy to convert to power: the coolant flow rate of 1 l / min is approximately equal to the power of 1 kW (1000 W).

The axial distance of the radiator is determined by the height between the centers of the holes for supplying/removing the coolant.

To make life easier for buyers, many sites install a specially designed calculator program. Then the calculation of sections of heating radiators comes down to entering data on your room in the appropriate fields. And at the output you have the finished result: the number of sections of this model in pieces.

But if you are just considering possible options for now, then it is worth considering that radiators of the same size made of different materials have different thermal output. The method for calculating the number of sections of bimetallic radiators is no different from the calculation of aluminum, steel or cast iron. Only the thermal power of one section can be different.

aluminum - 190W
bimetallic - 185W
cast iron - 145W.

If you are still only figuring out which material to choose, you can use these data. For clarity, we present the simplest calculation of sections of bimetallic heating radiators, which takes into account only the area of \u200b\u200bthe room.

When determining the number of bimetal heaters of a standard size (center distance 50 cm), it is assumed that one section can heat 1.8 m 2 of area. Then for a room of 16m 2 you need: 16m 2 / 1.8m 2 \u003d 8.88 pieces. Rounding up - 9 sections are needed.

Similarly, we consider for cast-iron or steel bars. All you need is the rules:

bimetallic radiator - 1.8m 2
aluminum - 1.9-2.0m 2
cast iron - 1.4-1.5m 2.

This data is for sections with a center distance of 50cm. Today, there are models on sale with very different heights: from 60cm to 20cm and even lower. Models 20cm and below are called curb. Naturally, their power differs from the specified standard, and if you plan to use "non-standard", you will have to make adjustments. Or look for passport data, or count yourself. We proceed from the fact that the heat transfer of a thermal device directly depends on its area. With a decrease in height, the area of \u200b\u200bthe device decreases, and, therefore, the power decreases proportionally. That is, you need to find the ratio of the heights of the selected radiator to the standard, and then use this coefficient to correct the result.

For clarity, we will calculate aluminum radiators by area. The room is the same: 16m 2. We consider the number of sections of a standard size: 16m 2 / 2m 2 \u003d 8pcs. But we want to use small sections with a height of 40cm. We find the ratio of radiators of the selected size to the standard ones: 50cm/40cm=1.25. And now we adjust the quantity: 8pcs * 1.25 = 10pcs.

Correction depending on the mode of the heating system

Manufacturers in the passport data indicate the maximum power of radiators: in high-temperature mode of use - the temperature of the coolant in the supply is 90 ° C, in the return - 70 ° C (indicated by 90/70) in the room should be 20 ° C. But in this mode, modern systems heating rarely works. Usually, medium power mode is used 75/65/20 or even low temperature with parameters 55/45/20. It is clear that the calculation needs to be corrected.

To take into account the mode of operation of the system, it is necessary to determine the temperature difference of the system. The temperature difference is the difference between the temperature of the air and the heaters. In this case, the temperature of the heating devices is considered as the arithmetic mean between the supply and return values.

To make it clearer, we will calculate cast-iron heating radiators for two modes: high-temperature and low-temperature, sections of a standard size (50cm). The room is the same: 16m 2. One cast-iron section in the high-temperature mode 90/70/20 heats 1.5 m 2. Therefore, we need 16m 2 / 1.5m 2 \u003d 10.6 pieces. Rounding - 11 pcs. The system is planned to use low-temperature mode 55/45/20. Now we find the temperature difference for each of the systems:

high temperature 90/70/20- (90+70)/2-20=60 o C;
low-temperature 55/45/20 - (55 + 45) / 2-20 \u003d 30 ° C.

That is, if a low-temperature mode of operation is used, twice as many sections will be needed to provide the room with heat. For our example, a room of 16m 2 requires 22 sections of cast iron radiators. The battery is big. This, by the way, is one of the reasons why this type of heating device is not recommended for use in networks with low temperatures.

In this calculation, the desired air temperature can also be taken into account. If you want the room to be not 20 ° C but, for example, 25 ° C, simply calculate the heat head for this case and find the desired coefficient. Let's do the calculation for the same cast-iron radiators: the parameters will be 90/70/25. We consider the temperature difference for this case (90 + 70) / 2-25 \u003d 55 ° C. Now we find the ratio 60 ° C / 55 ° C \u003d 1.1. To ensure a temperature of 25 ° C, you need 11pcs * 1.1 \u003d 12.1pcs.

The dependence of the power of radiators on the connection and location

In addition to all the parameters described above, the heat transfer of the radiator varies depending on the type of connection. A diagonal connection with a supply from above is considered optimal, in which case there is no loss of thermal power. The biggest losses are observed with lateral connection - 22%. All the rest are average in efficiency. Approximate loss percentages are shown in the figure.

The actual power of the radiator also decreases in the presence of barrier elements. For example, if a window sill hangs from above, heat transfer drops by 7-8%, if it does not completely cover the radiator, then the loss is 3-5%. When installing a mesh screen that does not reach the floor, the losses are about the same as in the case of an overhanging window sill: 7-8%. But if the screen completely covers the entire heater, its heat transfer decreases by 20-25%.

Determination of the number of radiators for one-pipe systems

There is one more very important point: all of the above is true for a two-pipe heating system, when a coolant with the same temperature enters the inlet of each of the radiators. A single-pipe system is considered much more complicated: there, colder water enters each subsequent heater. And if you want to calculate the number of radiators for a one-pipe system, you need to recalculate the temperature every time, and this is difficult and time consuming. Which exit? One of the possibilities is to determine the power of the radiators as for a two-pipe system, and then add sections in proportion to the drop in thermal power to increase the heat transfer of the battery as a whole.

Let's explain with an example. The diagram shows a single-pipe heating system with six radiators. The number of batteries was determined for two-pipe wiring. Now you need to make an adjustment. For the first heater, everything remains the same. The second one receives a coolant with a lower temperature. We determine the % power drop and increase the number of sections by the corresponding value. In the picture it turns out like this: 15kW-3kW = 12kW. We find the percentage: the temperature drop is 20%. Accordingly, to compensate, we increase the number of radiators: if you needed 8 pieces, it will be 20% more - 9 or 10 pieces. This is where knowledge of the room comes in handy: if it is a bedroom or a nursery, round it up, if it is a living room or other similar room, round it down. You also take into account the location relative to the cardinal points: in the north you round up to a large one, in the south - to a smaller one.

This method is clearly not ideal: after all, it turns out that the last battery in the branch will have to be simply huge: judging by the scheme, a coolant with a specific heat capacity equal to its power is supplied to its input, and it is unrealistic to remove all 100% in practice. Therefore, when determining the power of a boiler for single-pipe systems, they usually take some margin, put shutoff valves and connect radiators through a bypass so that heat transfer can be adjusted, and thus compensate for the drop in coolant temperature. One thing follows from all this: the number and / or dimensions of radiators in a single-pipe system must be increased, and as you move away from the beginning of the branch, more and more sections should be installed.

Results

An approximate calculation of the number of sections of heating radiators is a simple and quick matter. But clarification, depending on all the features of the premises, size, type of connection and location requires attention and time. But you can definitely decide on the number of heaters to create a comfortable atmosphere in winter.

The design of a heating system includes such an important step as the calculation of heating radiators by area using a calculator or manually. It helps to calculate the number of sections needed to heat a particular room. A variety of parameters are taken, ranging from the area of \u200b\u200bthe premises to the characteristics of insulation. The correctness of the calculations will depend on:

uniform heating of rooms;
comfortable temperature in the bedrooms;
lack of cold places in the household.

Let's see how heating radiators are calculated and what is taken into account in the calculations.

Thermal power of heating radiators

The calculation of heating radiators for a private house begins with the choice of the devices themselves. The assortment for consumers includes cast iron, steel, aluminum and bimetallic models, which differ in their thermal power (heat transfer). Some of them heat better, and some worse - here you should focus on the number of sections and the size of the batteries. Let's see what kind of thermal power these or those structures have.

Bimetal radiators

Sectional bimetallic radiators are made of two components - steel and aluminum. Their internal base consists of durable steel that can withstand high pressure, resistant to water hammer and aggressive coolant. An aluminum "jacket" is applied over the steel core by injection molding. It is she who is responsible for the high heat transfer. As a result, we get a kind of sandwich that is resistant to any negative influences and is characterized by a decent thermal power.

The heat transfer of bimetallic radiators depends on the center distance and on the specific model chosen. For example, devices from Rifar boast a thermal power of up to 204 W with a center distance of 500 mm. Similar models, but with a center distance of 350 mm, differ in a thermal power of 136 watts. For small radiators with a center distance of 200 mm, the heat output is 104 watts.

The heat output of bimetallic radiators from other manufacturers may differ downwards (on average 180-190 W with a distance between the axes of 500 mm). For example, the maximum thermal power of batteries from Global is 185 W per section with a distance between the axes of 500 mm.

Aluminum radiators

The thermal power of aluminum devices is practically no different from the heat transfer of bimetallic models. On average, it is about 180-190 W per section with a distance between the axles of 500 mm. The maximum figure reaches 210 W, but you need to take into account the high cost of such models. Let's give more accurate data on the example of Rifar:

center distance 350 mm - heat transfer 139 W;
center distance 500 mm - heat transfer 183 W;
center distance 350 mm (with bottom connection) - heat dissipation 153 watts.

For products from other manufacturers, this parameter may differ in one direction or another.

Aluminum appliances are focused on use as part of individual heating systems. They are made in a simple but attractive design, are characterized by high heat transfer and operate at pressures up to 12-16 atm. They are not suitable for installation in centralized heating systems due to the lack of resistance to aggressive coolant and water hammer.

Designing a heating system in your own household? We advise you to purchase aluminum batteries for this - they will provide high-quality heating with their minimum dimensions.

Steel plate radiators

Aluminum and bimetallic radiators have a sectional design. Therefore, using them, it is customary to take into account the heat transfer of one section. In the case of non-separable steel radiators, the heat transfer of the entire device is taken into account at certain dimensions. For example, the heat output of a two-row Kermi FTV-22 radiator with a bottom connection 200 mm high and 1100 mm wide is 1010 W. If we take the panel steel radiator Buderus Logatrend VK-Profil 22-500-900, then its heat output will be 1644 watts.

When calculating the heating radiators of a private house, it is necessary to record the calculated heat output for each room. Based on the data obtained, the necessary equipment is purchased. When choosing steel radiators, pay attention to their rows - for the same dimensions, three-row models have greater heat dissipation than their single-row counterparts.

Steel radiators, both panel and tubular, can be used in private houses and apartments - they can withstand pressure up to 10-15 atm and are resistant to aggressive coolant.

Cast iron radiators

The heat output of cast iron radiators is 120-150 W, depending on the distance between the axles. For some models, this figure reaches 180 W and even more. Cast iron batteries can operate at coolant pressures up to 10 bar, resisting destructive corrosion well. They are used both in private houses and in apartments (not counting new buildings, where steel and bimetallic models predominate).

When choosing cast-iron batteries for heating your own home, it is necessary to take into account the heat transfer of one section - based on this, batteries are purchased with one or another number of sections. For example, for cast iron batteries MS-140-500 with a center distance of 500 mm, the heat transfer is 175 W. The power of models with a center distance of 300 mm is 120 watts.

Cast iron is well suited for installation in private homes, pleasing with a long service life, high heat capacity and good heat dissipation. But you need to consider their disadvantages:

big weight - 10 sections with a center distance of 500 mm weigh more than 70 kg;
inconvenience in installation - this drawback smoothly follows from the previous one;
large inertia - contributes to too long warm-up and extra costs for heat generation.

Despite some disadvantages, they are still in demand.

Calculation by area

A simple table for calculating the power of a radiator for heating a room of a certain area.

How is the heating battery calculated per square meter of heated area? First you need to familiarize yourself with the basic parameters taken into account in the calculations, which include:

thermal power for heating 1 sq. m - 100 W;
standard ceiling height - 2.7 m;
one outer wall.

Based on such data, the thermal power required to heat a room of 10 sq. m, is 1000 watts. The received power is divided by the heat transfer of one section - as a result, we obtain the required number of sections (or we select a suitable steel panel or tubular radiator).

For the southernmost and coldest northern regions, additional coefficients are applied, both increasing and decreasing - we will talk about them later.

simple calculation

Table for calculating the required number of sections, depending on the area of the heated room and the power of one section.

Calculating the number of heating battery sections using a calculator gives good results. Let's give the simplest example for heating a room of 10 square meters. m - if the room is not angular and double-glazed windows are installed in it, the required thermal power will be 1000 W. If we want to install aluminum batteries with a heat dissipation of 180 W, we need 6 sections - just divide the power received by the heat dissipation of one section.

Accordingly, if you buy radiators with a heat output of one section of 200 W, then the number of sections will be 5 pcs. Will there be high ceilings up to 3.5 m in the room? Then the number of sections will increase to 6 pcs. Does the room have two external walls (corner room)? In this case, you need to add another section.

You also need to take into account the reserve for thermal power in case of a too cold winter - it is 10-20% of the calculated one.

You can find out information about the heat transfer of batteries from their passport data. For example, the calculation of the number of sections of aluminum heating radiators is based on the heat transfer of one section. The same applies to bimetallic radiators (and cast iron ones, although they are non-separable). When using steel radiators, the nameplate power of the entire device is taken (we gave examples above).

Very accurate calculation

Above, we gave as an example a very simple calculation of the number of heating batteries per area. It does not take into account many factors, such as the quality of the thermal insulation of the walls, the type of glazing, the minimum outside temperature, and many others. Using simplified calculations, we can make mistakes, as a result of which some rooms turn out to be cold, and some too hot. The temperature can be corrected using stopcocks, but it is best to foresee everything in advance - if only for the sake of saving materials.

If during the construction of your house you paid due attention to its insulation, then in the future you will save a lot on heating.

How is the exact calculation of the number of heating radiators in a private house made? We will take into account the decreasing and increasing coefficients. Let's start with glazing. If single windows are installed in the house, we use a coefficient of 1.27. For double glazing, the coefficient does not apply (in fact, it is 1.0). If the house has triple glazing, we apply a reduction factor of 0.85.

Are the walls in the house lined with two bricks or is insulation provided in their design? Then we apply the coefficient 1.0. If you provide additional thermal insulation, you can safely use a reduction factor of 0.85 - heating costs will decrease. If there is no thermal insulation, we apply a multiplying factor of 1.27.

Note that heating a home with single windows and poor thermal insulation results in a large heat (and money) loss.

When calculating the number of heating batteries per area, it is necessary to take into account the ratio of the area of \u200b\u200bfloors and windows. Ideally, this ratio is 30% - in this case, we use a coefficient of 1.0. If you like large windows, and the ratio is 40%, you should apply a factor of 1.1, and at a ratio of 50% you need to multiply the power by a factor of 1.2. If the ratio is 10% or 20%, we apply reduction factors of 0.8 or 0.9.

Ceiling height is an equally important parameter. Here we use the following coefficients:

Table for calculating the number of sections depending on the area of \u200b\u200bthe room and the height of the ceilings.

up to 2.7 m - 1.0;
from 2.7 to 3.5 m - 1.1;
from 3.5 to 4.5 m - 1.2.

Is there an attic behind the ceiling or another living room? And here we apply additional coefficients. If there is a heated attic upstairs (or with insulation), we multiply the power by 0.9, and if the dwelling is by 0.8. Is there an ordinary unheated attic behind the ceiling? We apply a coefficient of 1.0 (or simply do not take it into account).

After the ceilings, let's take up the walls - here are the coefficients:

one outer wall - 1.1;
two outer walls (corner room) - 1.2;
three outer walls (the last room in an elongated house, hut) - 1.3;
four outer walls (one-room house, outbuilding) - 1.4.

Also, the average air temperature in the coldest winter period is taken into account (the same regional coefficient):

cold to -35 ° C - 1.5 (a very large margin that allows you not to freeze);
frosts down to -25 ° C - 1.3 (suitable for Siberia);
temperature up to -20 ° C - 1.1 (central Russia);
temperature up to -15 ° C - 0.9;
temperature down to -10 °C - 0.7.

The last two coefficients are used in hot southern regions. But even here it is customary to leave a solid supply in case of cold weather or especially for heat-loving people..

Having received the final thermal power necessary for heating the selected room, it should be divided by the heat transfer of one section. As a result, we will get the required number of sections and will be able to go to the store. Please note that these calculations assume a base heating power of 100 W per 1 sq. m.

If you are afraid of making mistakes in the calculations, seek help from specialized specialists. They will perform the most accurate calculations and calculate the heat output required for heating.

Video

To calculate the number of radiators, there are several methods, but their essence is the same: find out the maximum heat loss of the room, and then calculate the number of heaters needed to compensate for them.

There are different calculation methods. The simplest ones give approximate results. However, they can be used if the rooms are standard or apply coefficients that allow you to take into account the existing "non-standard" conditions of each particular room (corner room, balcony, full-wall window, etc.). There is a more complex calculation by formulas. But in fact, these are the same coefficients, only collected in one formula.

There is one more method. It determines the actual losses. A special device - a thermal imager - determines the actual heat loss. And on the basis of these data, they calculate how many radiators are needed to compensate them. Another advantage of this method is that the image of the thermal imager shows exactly where the heat is leaving the most actively. This may be a marriage in work or in building materials, a crack, etc. So at the same time you can rectify the situation.

Calculation of heating radiators by area

for an average climatic zone, 60-100W is required for heating 1m 2 of a dwelling;
for areas above 60 o, 150-200W is required.

How to calculate radiator sections by room volume

Let's calculate everything for the same room with an area of 16m 2 and compare the results. Let the ceiling height be 2.7m. Volume: 16 * 2.7 \u003d 43.2m 3.

In a panel house. The heat required for heating is 43.2m 3 * 41V = 1771.2W. If we take all the same sections with a power of 170W, we get: 1771W / 170W = 10.418pcs (11pcs).
In a brick house. Heat is needed 43.2m 3 * 34W = 1468.8W. We consider radiators: 1468.8W / 170W = 8.64pcs (9pcs).

As you can see, the difference is quite large: 11pcs and 9pcs. Moreover, when calculating by area, we got the average value (if rounded in the same direction) - 10pcs.