What are the types of putties for interior work. Types of putties: we will understand everything Types of putties for walls and their application

A well-known material for leveling walls, eliminating gaps or filling joints is putty. It is a mixture that is applied before painting, wallpapering and other construction and repair work.

Blue putty in the decoration of the living room

Nowadays, putty is available in the form of dry and ready-made mixtures.

Dry mixtures contain astringents, which must be diluted with water in the indicated proportions before use. They can be used on all types of surfaces to apply layers of any thickness, but the period of use of dry mixes is limited. Therefore, when preparing the putty, this factor must be taken into account.

Unusual wall putty

The ready-made mixtures are based on various latexes or dispersions. These mixtures are convenient in that they do not need to be diluted and the shelf life is unlimited. However, they can only be applied with a layer thickness of up to 5 mm.

Putty is also divided into types according to various characteristics.

Types of putties for interior work

They are classified according to several criteria:

by composition;
by particle size;
by appointment.

Depending on the composition of the putty, they are divided: gypsum, cement and polymer.

Gypsum putty is the most common, easy to apply and sand. Its main property is whiteness and plasticity. Gypsum absorbs and releases moisture from the air, so the putty made from this material is suitable for any premises.

Cement putty is mainly used in the repair of premises with high humidity.

Polymer putty is used for finishing work in rooms that are going to completion, it is also convenient to use it for filling seams and joints.

Beautiful finishing of the wall with putty

Depending on the particle size, coarse putties (particle size - 200 microns and more), medium-dispersed (particles less than 80 microns) and fine (particle size 20 microns or less) are distinguished.

The purpose of the putty may be different depending on the work performed. Therefore, putties are divided into starting, finishing, universal and specialized.

A starter putty is applied before starting work in order to correct rough surface irregularities. It is chosen depending on the material on which it will be applied.

Finishing putty is designed to eliminate minor defects or scratches. As a rule, it is applied in a very thin layer and cannot be sanded.

The universal filler is suitable for almost all types of surfaces. It can be a substitute for finishing and starting putty, combining their functions. But this putty is expensive.

The purpose of a specialized putty depends on what additives it has. They use it to solve certain problems.

Black putty in dining room decoration

Silver putty in the decoration of the bedroom

Orange putty in the decoration of the living room

Plasterboard putties

Plasterboard is a very convenient and practical building material. It is used for ceilings, walls, frames, partitions when renovating an apartment. After sheathing walls or ceilings with plasterboard, it is necessary to putty all the irregularities that are visible on the drywall sheets.

When leveling drywall, various types of putties are used. First of all, you need to evaluate the sheets. If the drywall sheet is even, then it will be enough to cover up the places where the screws are screwed in and the places where the sheets are joined.

Creamy putty in wall decoration

It is also important to assess whether the wallpaper will be glued or the walls or ceilings will be painted, because it will also be necessary to choose a certain putty.

For plasterboard plasterboard, gypsum plaster is often chosen. Since it has the property of plasticity, it is convenient to use. But, if the room in which the walls or ceiling is being finished has high humidity, it is better to use a cement putty.

Brown putty in wall decoration

Before painting or gluing wallpaper, various polymer putties are often applied to drywall. The most popular is acrylic filler. It can be used in various premises, but its cost is high.

Also, when choosing a putty for drywall, you must take into account its purpose. When leveling rough defects, choose starting putties, for filling small cracks and scratches - finishing.

Dark purple putty in the decoration of the bedroom

Creamy putty in bathroom finishing

Putty for painting and wallpapering

Before painting the walls and ceiling or gluing them with wallpaper, as indicated earlier, it is necessary to putty all the irregularities. Sometimes they are also putty so that the paint or wallpaper fits well.

Peach putty in kitchen decoration

In such cases, polymer putty is best suited. It is of the following types:

Glue putty, which contains glue, drying oil and chalk. Most often it is used before wallpapering the walls.
Oil-glue putty consists of components such as water, drying oil, plasticizers. Suitable both for painting the ceiling and for pasting wallpaper on the wall.
Latex putty, which is very similar in composition to oil-adhesive plaster. Only its composition is supplemented with a calcite filler.
Acrylic putty is prepared from chemical raw materials. It can be said to be universal, because it combines all the properties of other leveling compounds.
Oil putty consists of drier, chalk and drying oil. Convenient to use before painting ceilings or walls in rooms with high humidity.

As you can see, in the modern world there is a variety of putties for painting and wallpapering. By choosing the right filler, you can get smooth and beautiful ceilings and walls.

Golden plaster in the decoration of the bedroom

Gray putty in the decoration of the living room

Gray putty in the interior

Wood putty

Putties on wood can be placed in a separate group. They contain synthetic resins and pigments. Pigments allow you to get different shades of wood.

Today there are only two types of wood fillers: solvent-based and water-based. These types are divided into the following types:

Solvent-based putties are used only in production. They are toxic and unsafe for humans. But the advantages include: a variety of shades of wood, resistance to various temperature conditions and fast drying.
Acrylic fillers are mainly used for decorative coating of wooden floors. The advantages of this putty are that it is moisture and fire resistant, but large defects cannot be corrected with it.
Epoxy resin putty is practical. It is odorless and does not settle when dry. It is better not to use it when puttingty wood flooring.
Latex putties are versatile and ideal for working on wood surfaces. They are considered environmentally friendly, odorless and dry very quickly.
Oil putties for wood are considered strong and durable, but they dry for a long time.
Plaster wood putties are the cheapest and even out any wood surfaces.

These are all types of wood putties that exist at the moment.

White putty in the bedroom interior

Concrete putty in the bathroom interior

Golden brown putty

Decorative putty

Increasingly, putty began to be used to decorate the walls and ceilings of apartments. The shops offer a wide selection of decorative putties. Consider the main types of decorative putties in composition and texture.

According to the composition, the following decorative putties are distinguished:

mineral fillers consisting of sand, gypsum and limestone. They are not expensive. But after applying this decorative putty, it is also necessary to apply a protective layer so that nothing falls.
polymer putties have high ductility and resistance. They are composed of acrylic, epoxy.
silicone putties are considered the most expensive, but they do not deteriorate and are durable.

Sand-colored putty on the walls

By texture, decorative putties are divided into:

Structural, based on latex or silicates. The particles of this decorative putty are of different sizes.
Textured ones that create a semblance of fabric, stone and wood. The cost is quite expensive.
Flock, which include cellulose, silk fibers, etc. They are the most expensive of all decorative putties. But they can create an imitation of different types of fabric.

In the modern world, putty is not only a material that evens out various surfaces, but also decorates the walls and ceilings of the house.

Putty gray on the walls of the living room

Silver plaster on the walls

Brown putty in the exterior of the house

Putty is a plastic-type finishing or building material. As a rule, it is used as a base for the facing layer. This is the perfect way to level any surface. In addition, this coating is also used for decoration. Therefore, it is important to study the features of all types of putty before buying a mixture.

Features:

Putty or putty is a versatile material. It is always used in construction and renovation. At the same time, disputes often arise as to how to correctly say: "putty" or "putty". The fact is that now both of these words are used in the same meaning. Some believe that this word comes from the name of the tool - a spatula, since it is with it that this building composition is applied on the surface.

But there is also the word "tow" - that is, to close up the cracks during construction with tow. It is for these purposes that putty is used. Therefore, we can assume that the name originated from this word. In any case, all these words belong to the same area of \u200b\u200bapplication, therefore, they are considered correct.

Someone says that the difference between the two is enormous. So, they point out that the putty is a dry-type mixture from a natural composition, and the putty is a synthetic mixture that is presented in a ready-made form. But how this classification appeared is unclear. That is why many experts argue that these are words that have the same meaning, and both are valid.

Putty is applied with a special tool, from which it received, in the opinion of many, this name. So, the putty tool looks like a plastering tool, but the spatula has a thinner blade and bends slightly if you press its handle. Thus, the putty can be applied even in a very thin layer, and evenness can be controlled. Applying the composition with this tool assumes a certain pressure and tilt in order to correctly distribute the composition over the surfaces.

The trowel blade is always even and perfectly smooth. A number of requirements are always presented to him. For the correct application of the putty, the spatula is cut out with a laser. This makes the blade perfectly straight. Even small roughness on the trowel can lead to incorrect and uneven application of the putty. Together with the putty, grinders are also used in the form of an abrasive mesh or a jointer, a bar.

The putty is a dispersion solution, but the filler makes up a very small fraction of the total composition in it. It also includes regulators for setting, hardening, and a plasticizer. It is they that allow you to create the necessary consistency of this building material, so that it is convenient to work with it. In addition, it is these components that give it all the necessary properties and quality characteristics.

For the preparation of putty, in addition to the above ingredients, many use laundry soap, chalk, flour glue, gypsum, varnishes and some other components. The variety of compositions is enormous. Often they also include film-forming substances: chalk, talc and pigments such as ocher or zinc white.

The filler in this composition exceeds the amount of film formers and pigments. The composition of the putty differs depending on its type. Each specific variety includes certain components.

Why do you need to putty the walls?

Sometimes it happens that, having removed the old wallpaper, it turns out that the walls are not so uneven. Often you come across such a gift from builders, like a plate, on which there are no dents or cracks and it seems that there is simply no need to putty it. In fact, this is a delusion! There are two types of putty work, directly as preparatory:

Plastered walls for wallpaper

In this case, the preparation of the walls is exactly what is needed to align them, if they are curves, especially for corners, arches and similar joints. For such processing, not the most expensive putties are usually used, since there is no need to obtain an ideal appearance - the finished wall will still be covered with wallpaper on top. After the putty has been applied and completely dry, such surfaces are usually sanded to obtain an even white surface. Its roughness will even serve as an additional adhesion of the wallpaper to the wall.

Plastered walls for painting

This is a more painstaking and clean type of putty work. Firstly, such a surface must be truly perfect, without scratches, cracks and similar defects. Secondly, even microscopic cracks should be absent, since precisely because of them, in the future, the destruction of the paint layer can occur. This will completely ruin the quality of the coating and its appearance.

To perform a high-quality putty for painting, the multi-layer coating technology will be correct. In this case, various types of putties are used, which are applied sequentially one after the other, as well as additional reinforcing agents - reinforcement with fiberglass, non-woven fabric and similar materials specially designed for this.

It is advisable to use the same type of putty for surfaces that are in sight - window slopes, ceilings, and so on.

Putty as a finishing material has a number of advantages and disadvantages.

But there are also some disadvantages of this coating.

So, you need to clearly calculate the amount of putty before you start using it. This is sometimes quite difficult to do. If you make the wrong calculations, and you have an extra part of the diluted mixture, then you can no longer use it later. You have to throw it away. After a couple of hours, the putty loses its usability.
Sometimes difficulties arise in the process of work. So, you have to wear a thin layer of putty several times so that the coating better lies on the surface. This takes a lot of time, as it is necessary to dry each layer before applying the next. Thus, the work turns out to be quite laborious and time-consuming.
The big disadvantage that applies to ready-made wet types of putty is that they have a high cost. It is very costly to process the wall with this composition. That is why the ready-made putty is used only for the final finishing in one thin layer.
Appointment

Now the use of putty is very common. It is used both for outdoor and indoor work both in the apartment and in the house. The putty has good quality characteristics, therefore it is used in many areas. It is used to fill holes and seal joints on walls and other surfaces.

In addition, it can be used to close riveted and welded seams. As a rule, a thicker layer of putty is used for this purpose. Manufacturers usually indicate the thickness of the layer required for finishing work on the packaging. In general, different putties have different applications. So, varnish compositions are used in the field of mechanical engineering, and materials based on glue or oil are used in the field of construction.

The putty allows you to perfectly align the walls and iron them.In some cases, it helps to avoid spending on expensive plaster. In the process of application, you can redo it several times, constantly level the surfaces, bringing them to the ideal. Any inaccuracies can be eliminated while the material is not dry, and the quality of finishing work will not decrease.

The putty acts as a finishing layer after finishing the walls.Almost any coating can be applied after it. It is ideal for thin layers of finishing materials such as wallpaper or paint. It is an integral part of the renovation of premises, without it it is quite difficult to align the walls.

Putty also allows you to improve the adhesion of the decorative coating to the wall surface. That is why this composition is most often used before applying paint and wallpaper. As a rule, to improve this function and to make the putty more reliable, it is used together with a primer.

It is not always able to ensure reliable bonding of the covering layers to the substrate. That is why it is used after a layer of primer.

What tool is needed for puttying

To putty the walls yourself, prepare a minimum set of tools. What tools can't you do without?

1. A drill equipped with a special attachment - a mixer. Typically, the putty is sold as a dry mix. Water is added to such a mixture in a certain proportion. Only with a special mixer you can perfectly stir the putty mixture. The output should be a homogeneous putty without lumps.

2. A set of spatulas. Be sure to choose a trowel of different sizes. In work, you will have to use both large spatulas (40-50 cm) and very small ones. Indeed, in problematic hard-to-reach places it will not be possible to properly putty the wall with a large spatula. This is exactly what small spatulas are used for.

3. Rollers and brushes for priming walls. It is undesirable to skip the priming stage. After priming, the wall is covered with the thinnest film. This not only further increases its strength, but also ensures excellent adhesion of the treated wall to any facing materials (adhesion).

4. Rule. It will be needed in case of uneven walls when it is necessary to apply the putty in a thick layer. For leveling thick layers of putty, it is convenient to use a long metal rule.

5. Spirit or laser level. The wall surface is often very uneven. Before starting the starting putty, check beacons are installed, using a spirit or laser level for checking.

6. Sandpaper. If you want a beautiful surface that is pleasant to look at, use fine skins for mashing. For example, grouting with 240 sandpaper will give you the perfect finish. Use the finest sandpaper only when making the finishing putty. And at the stage of the starting initial putty, it is correct to rub the wall with a coarse coarse sandpaper.

7. Manual skinner. Grouting with sandpaper will become much more convenient if you use a manual skinner. This is a tool on the handle of which special clamps are installed to secure the skin.

8. And, of course, you cannot do without a container in which the putty is stirred.

Types of putties

Fillers are divided into dry and ready-to-use.

Dry puttiesare a special mixture of the necessary substances in certain proportions and are prepared immediately before use. This is the most common type of putty used for leveling walls. On sale come in bags or packages.

< Непосредственно перед применением сухая шпаклевочная смесь разводится указанным на упаковке количеством чистой воды.

Dry putties have many advantages. First of all, it is an inexpensive price, and if used correctly, a good quality material. Such putties are used for all types of work, even for the most delicate ones - and this is another advantage of them.

The disadvantages of this type of putty include a short period of use of the prepared mixture. That is, when processing surfaces of large areas, putties with a long hardening time of the finished composition should be taken.

In addition, when preparing for use, it is important to strictly adhere to the instructions.
Ready putties produced either on the basis of latexes, or on the basis of new generation dispersions. Sold in buckets or tubs.

Ready-to-use putties are easy to use, they do not require time to prepare the composition and precise adherence to technology. All components are already diluted in exact proportions and the solution is ready to use.

There are no time restrictions on the use of the ready-made solution, you can work with it for a long time. If it is necessary to take a break from working with the finished putty, it is enough to close the container with it tightly, while it does not lose its qualities for a long time.

The disadvantages of ready-made putties are a higher cost; it is also not recommended to use ready-made putties in layers more than 5 mm thick.

Which putty is better to putty the walls and how to choose it

Classification of putty by composition: gypsum, polymer (acrylic) and cement.

Let's consider their advantages and disadvantages.

1. Plaster putties are attractive at an inexpensive price, lend themselves well to leveling, do not shrink. The only drawback is poor resistance to moisture. This alone limits the scope of their use.

2. Cement putties are distinguished by excellent moisture resistance, but have a significant drawback - a high degree of shrinkage.

3. And, finally, polymer putties. Undoubted advantages: excellent moisture resistance, do not shrink at all. With the help of polymer putty, high quality of the treated wall surfaces is obtained. The only drawback is the high price.

According to their purpose, putties can be divided into starting (leveling), decorative (finishing) and universal.

1. Characteristics of leveling (starting) mixtures: high strength, excellent adhesion, large grain size. Recommended: for leveling walls after plastering. Application thickness: 3 - 20 mm.

2. For high-quality performance of decorative finishing, it is desirable to apply finishing putties on the surface to be treated. With their help, you can get a perfectly smooth, even surface, hiding small flaws. The strength of the finishing putty is less than the starting one, its processing is not difficult. It is applied in a small layer up to 4 mm.

3. Universal putties combine the properties of decorative and leveling compounds. They cost more, although in terms of properties they are slightly inferior to the finishing and starting coatings. We recommend using it when processing walls without major flaws.

The modern market offers dry and ready-to-use putties. Attracts the low cost of dry putty and the possibility of its long-term storage.

Ready-made putties are convenient to use. You do not have to use a mixer to prepare a homogeneous putty mixture. This saves time and virtually no dust. But ready-made putties are much more expensive than dry ones. Please note: such putties give a lot of shrinkage. If a layer less than 2 mm thick is applied, ready-made fillers cannot be used. They also do not boast of a long shelf life. It is significantly less than dry building mixes.

Manufacturers

Semin company, which has a representative office in different cities of Russia, appeared in France, and has been on the domestic market since 1996. Its main specialization is the import of building materials and finishing mixtures both from France and from other European countries. The company itself was founded in 1938 as a company producing high quality professional finishing materials.

At the present stage, the Semin company is represented by a wide range of fillers, as well as mixtures for working with metal parts of cars. The firm has three factories in France, and one in Russia. The total number of countries to which it organizes the supply of its products is more than 40.

One of the most popular ready-made mixtures of this company is Semin two-in-one putty, designed for both primary and final surface treatment. Differs in easy application and high adhesive properties. After drying, the wall takes on a pure white color. All material properties described in the instructions for use are fully true.

Polish company Novolin 1978 it was widely known in Eastern Europe as a manufacturer of painting materials for cars. It was started by a small company dealing only with this segment of the business, but soon the production expanded: universal and specialized putty compounds appeared in combination with additional materials. Since 1989, another large plant has been operating in the city of Poznan, and Novol's products have been supplied to the Russian market since the end of the nineties.

The line of putties of this company is very diverse. Each material has its own specific purpose, which greatly facilitates the choice. Basically, the compositions are focused on working with metal and plastic surfaces. On sale there are specialized formulations designed, for example, only for plastic, as well as universal.

Materials can be applied either with an ordinary spatula or using pneumatics, but only if capital alignment and elimination of large defects are not required.

Among the car mixtures of this company, it received the best reviews putty Novol Fiber... It is characterized by ease of application to metal surfaces, good adhesion and high wear resistance. Ideal for truck body repairs. The strength and durability of this putty is due to the fact that it is composed of polyester resins and fiberglass.

On the territory of Russia, there are also several worthy companies for the production of filling materials for various purposes. For example, a company "Hercules", founded in 1997 in Siberia, initially adopted most of the valuable experience from colleagues from Germany, which subsequently led to its licensing from the Germans. "Hercules" is a well-deserved leader on the Russian market, specializing in dry putty mixtures, indispensable in cases of deep leveling and processing of large surfaces.

The company's products involve the use of exclusively high-quality raw materials and are the best in Siberia, and the prices for products are always affordable and humane, focused on a wide range of consumers. In 2015, a new production hall was opened, equipped with modern types of equipment, which allowed the company to significantly increase the overall productivity of the goods. The manufacturer is constantly expanding its business relationships in the market. The product is successfully sold in more than twenty regions, as well as in Kazakhstan.

Among the putties of the Hercules companya non-shrinking two-component mixture is in demand. It is notable for its low cost, it can fill cracks of any size. Suitable for use in dry rooms. It contains a high-grade gypsum substance, as well as a white inert filler and polymer additives that provide the material with high adhesive properties.

The composition is easy to apply and is absolutely environmentally friendly.

Another recognized leader in the Russian market of filler materials is the trade brand "Tex"from St. Petersburg, better known as Tikkurila. In such cases, one should distinguish between the concepts of the company and the trademark under which it manufactures its products. "Tex" has long been providing the Russian consumer with dry and universal mixtures for puttying, attracting them with reasonable prices and decent quality of goods.

Products of the "Tex" trademark are represented by a wide range of primers, adhesives and solvents, as well as various fillers: oil, acrylic, latex. Among them, buyers are most often in demand for the universal composition "Lux" for performing work indoors for any purpose. The "Lux" putty has a high level of moisture resistance, which allows it to be used in bathrooms, kitchens, saunas and swimming pools.

Large German concern Knauf is a recognized leader in the market for all types of building materials. In the early 30s of the last century, the brothers Karl and Alphonse Knauf had an idea to use such a wonderful natural material as gypsum in the construction business. It all started with the development of gypsum mines in Schengen, after which the opening of the first Knauf plant in Germany took place. It is noteworthy that the Knauf brothers decided to start their activity with the release of dry gypsum-based plaster mixes.

In the future, the company began to develop rapidly, releasing drywall, machine plaster and liquid floor screed. Dry putty mixtures of cement and gypsum appeared on the market in the 70s, and when the state system in Russia began to change dramatically, the German manufacturer became seriously interested in the prospect of international cooperation. In the 90s, gypsum plants in the territory of the former USSR almost stopped their work, and if any of the building mixtures were produced, their quality, unfortunately, left much to be desired. But since the representatives of Knauf saw good potential in the development of the market in Russia, they very soon decided to start production with us, especially since the company's range was subsequently expanded to the release of universal putty mixtures, the most popular for simple repair work.

Throughout its existence, the building mixtures of this company have not undergone changes in terms of quality and production technology. Knauf is distinguished by its customer focus and humanity in terms of pricing policy for its products. Now in Russia, production is carried out on German equipment, and raw materials are mined on our territory. In the 2000s, the firm entered the investment market of Ukraine and Kazakhstan. In Russia, the company attracts and trains our specialists, providing people with decent jobs and excellent products.

The most popular among consumers is fugen putty, which is a highly effective mixture with gypsum powder and polymer additives in the composition. It is designed to level walls and ceilings in rooms with optimal humidity values. Suitable for working with concrete and plastered surfaces in order to eliminate large and small defects, ideally in contact with drywall.

Due to its plasticity and high adhesion, this particular composition has received the best reviews among construction professionals.

Many, of course, are familiar with another german company Henkel... It is known as a manufacturer of household chemicals and personal care products, but its offshoot Henkel Bautechnik focuses on the construction segment. Among a wide range of building materials, putty mixtures stand out, both dry and ready-made. The choice of putty, unlike Knauf, is not so wide, but the advantage of this manufacturer is that it can be much easier to find a specialized mixture. Each putty is designed strictly for a specific task, which is very popular with many craftsmen. Henkel is represented on the Russian market by the Ceresit trademark.

Ceresit CT 225 putty mixture - a great option for facade work. Masters note that it is cement types of mixtures that are the best among all putties of this brand. Its main advantage is the content of a large amount of reinforcing additives necessary for carrying out external finishing work, however, in order for them to be evenly distributed over the entire surface, one must not forget to stir the finished composition as often as possible.

Types of putties by appointment

According to their purpose, putties are divided into four main groups:

- leveling (starting);

- finishing (or second layer putty);

- universal;

- specialized;

Leveling (starting) puttiesor, as they are also called, first layer putties , are intended for rough leveling of walls, ceilings of doorways, slopes. The choice of leveling filler depends on the base material. First of all, it must have good adhesion to the substrate, high strength and durability. Another important factor when choosing a leveling putty is the ability to apply a layer of variable thickness (from 0 to 25 mm).

Finishing puttiesor second layer putties applied to the surface immediately before its decorative finish.

They are usually used for thin and whimsical finishing materials such as paints, flock coverings and textile wallpaper. They can even out small defects and scratches, since these compounds form a layer with a thickness of 0.2 to 1 mm. They are applied in several stages, 0.1 - 0.2 mm at a time. When dry, this putty forms a smooth, dense white surface that feels like a polish to the touch, which does not need to be sanded.

Universal putties combine the functions of both leveling and finishing, and sometimes specialized putties. It is convenient for non-professionals when one and the same material can perform minor surface repairs, carry out preliminary leveling of various types of bases and perform fine finishing preparation, as well as special types of work (structural decorative finishing, laying of gypsum blocks, etc.).

The criterion that assigns putties to the category of universal is a complex of aggregate material properties in a wide range of applications. Those. the characteristics of such a material remain sufficiently high and stable under various conditions of use. There are not so many materials that fully correspond to the universal category. These are modern, rather complex multicomponent formulations. And besides, not the cheapest

And yet, in terms of quality, the universal putty is inferior to putties intended for specific purposes.

Specialized puttieswith special additives are used to solve specific problems. There is a putty for filling joints of gypsum panels without the use of a reinforcing tape, an elastic mixture for "breathing" cracks, an expanding one for urgent repairs, etc. They are highly elastic and durable. It is quite simple to choose such a putty. The purpose and methods of using a specialized putty, as a rule, is written on its packaging.

DIY wall putty

Many owners strive to carry out repair work on their own: this is not always caused by a desire to save on wages for specialists. Many people like to make repairs themselves, taking into account their every wish, or simply because they like this occupation. As for the putty process, there is nothing complicated in it, you just need to purchase a high-quality putty mixture and observe the correct work technology - these two facts will allow you to get a smooth, beautiful wall, ready for further finishing.

Training

Before proceeding with the puttying itself, the walls must be properly prepared.

1) Remove the remnants of old building materials as much as possible. Traces of varnish, paint, wallpaper - can significantly affect the quality of the finished coating, in the worst case, the remainder of the old varnish can simply fall off after the end of the putty, violating the integrity of the finished layer.

2) Carefully examine the surface for cracks, chips, irregularities. If there are any, then they must first be repaired, flush with the wall, watching, during work, so that no bulges appear. After sealing the cracks, it is necessary to wait for the time required for the material to completely dry and only then proceed to the next stage.

3) Thorough cleaning of walls and the room as a whole. There should be no dust, dirt, grease stains - all of them must be removed, cleaned, degreased. It is advisable to vacuum the walls in order to remove as much as possible small particles of dirt and dust.

4) Surface priming. The primer must be chosen based on the material from which the walls are made, and also, depending on their condition, applied in one or several layers. A primer with antifungal additives is preferable to prevent mold or the like. The primer should be applied with a brush or a special roller capable of transferring liquid to the wall well.

This stage is important, since well-primed walls have a stronger adhesion to the putty mixture and are protected from damage by fungus. Therefore, you need to try to apply the primer as thoroughly as possible, without missing a single millimeter. After application, leave the primer alone until completely dry, which is at least six to eight hours, at room temperature indoors. But it would be best to leave the walls to dry for a day.

Preparation of the putty mixture

If you plan to putty a room, or even more than one, then you probably will not be suitable for ready-made putty in buckets - this, although convenient, is clearly not cheap. Just for processing large areas, a dry putty mixture, packaged in bags, is perfect, from which you can independently prepare a ready-to-use material. This is not difficult to do, but it is important to follow the correct cooking technique:

1) Pour one third of clean water into a clean, preferably plastic container. Water must be taken cool or even cold, as hot water accelerates the hardening of the finished putty.

2) A dry putty mixture is poured into the water. It is difficult to say exactly quantitatively, it all depends on the manufacturer and needs. Manufacturers' recommendations and experience will help to resolve this issue.

Firstly, the packages always indicate the proportion of water and dry component, which will allow you to get a ready-to-use mass. Secondly, having tried the ready-made putty prepared according to the instructions, you may need a thicker, or, conversely, a thinner consistency. Of course, in the process of stirring the mass, the dry product can be added, therefore, initially try not to exceed the amount indicated on the package.

3) For the next step, you will need a construction mixer. Having installed it on a perforator, it is necessary to perform the initial mixing of the mixture. Its purpose is to completely moisten the dry powder with water. It is necessary to stir at low speeds of the tool, in slow circular movements, being careful not to sprinkle the putty around the container.

After the initial mixing, you need to leave the mixture for five to ten minutes, this is necessary so that the water completely soaks the dry putty, and especially the lumps that it contains.

4) Mix again using the same building mixer. More intensive mixing is possible this time. After that, leave the mixture alone again to swell. Thus, it is necessary to do three to four approaches, alternating the processes of mixing and settling the finished mixture. Stir for about three minutes, and stand for about five. Thus, gradually, the consistency will reach the desired - medium density and high plasticity.

It is important to prepare not too much putty, as it is not stored ready-made. In this case, it is more convenient to get a smaller amount, and, if necessary, finish more. The thickening mixture is also not suitable for dilution with water and further use - since the formation of lumps in this case is simply inevitable. Therefore, the thickened or completely hardened putty must be thrown away, washed the container in which it was and prepared again.

Plastered walls

Correct adherence to the technology of this process requires the application of a putty, at least in two layers - starting and then finishing. But in fact, there may be more layers - depending on the condition of the walls and their visible defects.

1) To apply putties, you need two spatulas - a wide and a narrow one. A wide spatula should be slightly less than the diameter of the container in which the putty is located - this is necessary so that it can fit there. The second, narrow, spatula is needed in order to distribute the putty along the entire length of the wide one, as well as to correct blemishes. He can also recruit a product for a wide instrument - here everyone develops a technique that is convenient for him.

2) The first layer is a starting putty, it is looser and can be applied in a thicker layer than the finishing one. With its help, you can hide minor wall defects - sinks, small cracks. It is convenient to apply the putty from the bottom up, using a wide spatula. The spatula is held by the handle with three fingers, and two - the middle and forefinger, are stops and it is convenient to adjust the pressing force on the spatula, holding it from above, by the plastic base.

The finished putty is flexible and easy to apply, it must be uniform and not contain lumps or other inclusions. It is necessary to apply the solution as evenly as possible, avoiding irregularities or visually noticeable strokes - a wide spatula helps perfectly with this. It is advisable to work quickly, since the putty mixture hardens quite quickly and after some fifteen to twenty minutes it will be problematic to correct the application errors.

3) You can continue working only after the first layer is completely dry. If many layers are supposed to be made, then at this stage it will be best to use a reinforcing mesh.

After the layer of starting putty has dried, the network must be fixed on the wall with temporary fasteners, and then a layer of finishing putty must be applied. It should be applied in such a way as to hide the mesh as much as possible, but at the same time, not with a too thick layer - it should be no more than five millimeters maximum. After this layer is applied, you should also wait for it to dry completely. If the reinforcing network is not completely covered by the first layer of putty, then another layer must be applied, which will completely hide it. This layer should also dry well.

4) The next stage is the application of the main layer. This is a high quality finishing putty - it is applied very thinly - a couple of millimeters, no more. It must be applied simultaneously, on the entire wall - otherwise, the transitions will be visually noticeable. This layer is not in vain the main one, it should be as even and carefully removed as possible. If, nevertheless, there are minor flaws, then after finishing the work and drying the putty, they can be cleaned with a fine sanding mesh.

The grain size of the mesh should be no more than 3 mm mesh, otherwise, you can damage the thin layer of the finish coating and leave visually noticeable traces of sanding. In no case should you use fabric-based sandpaper - after such processing, noticeable traces remain almost always!

The finished surface, finished with putty, dries, depending on the room temperature - from 8 to 24 hours. After complete drying, further finishing work is possible.

Generally it is difficult to imagine any repair without filling the walls, which is simply necessary to prepare the surface for the finishing work, including wallpapering the walls. But which putty is the best?

The lexical meaning of the word putty or putty (options are equivalent in use and correct) is not important, the procedure will allow you to level the walls, cope with uneven cracks, leveling with roughness, and create a smooth surface.

It should be borne in mind that some wallpaper options are not able to be attached to the wall surface that has not yet been putty in advance. The wallpaper adheres perfectly, which, in addition to external aesthetics, is also durable.

From here filling is an obligatory stage of repair work, the absence of which will drastically affect the result of wallpapering. Often a logical question arises about which putty is better for walls under wallpaper?

Varieties of putty for leveling walls

It is definitely worth noting that filling the walls is a simple procedure from a technological point of view. In addition, in this case, you can allow small errors on the surface, with the only difference that large flaws will not remain visible to the eye.

Otherwise, the wallpaper will not look as beautiful as we would like. Laying wallpaper on prepared walls is a sheer pleasure, not otherwise.

It would be more logical level the surface to the maximum. You will need to figure out which putty to choose, which is better for the walls under the wallpaper. For the competent implementation of filling, it is best to choose the right composition.

Extremely lightweight and economical option puttying. The technique is quite plastic and has a quick drying (about 24 hours), and the period of the oil-glue putty is quite long. This composition is prepared according to the good old classic "recipe", taking as a basis drying oil, casein glue and chalk.

Moreover, due to this, it is possible to correct some wall defects: cracks, cracks, holes. The material looks like a pasty substance, applied with a spatula in one or two layers.

After a day, the putty surface requires sanding to level the coating. The advantages of the material are hygiene and environmental friendliness.

However, a serious disadvantage is the poor compatibility of the putty with materials without oil paint or varnish. So it's far away not the best option for wallpaper putty.

Gypsum for interior use

A common type used for interior work. As usual, it is applied to brick, concrete or gypsum boards.

It is used taking into account extremely dry rooms, due to the fact that gypsum has the ability to absorb moisture.

Excessive moisture, including precipitation, adversely affecting the filled walls with this composition. Gypsum putty - a mix of gypsum with filler, which allows you to increase the total volume. Modifying agents are also added to improve the speed and quality of drying of the finish.

Advantages:

adhesion;
high drying speed;
no shrinkage;
high level of environmental friendliness and safety;
availability and efficiency.

When working with this type of putty, you should not carry out sharp drops in humidity. You can probably call this a drawback of this particular material.

The main ingredient in this mixture is. The mixture will ideally fit into the work of finishing damp rooms. When dry, the material turns into a durable coating. As a basic task, the material must seal and level cracks.

Varieties of cement:

rough is intended for primary work;
applied at the final stage of work.

The difference between the options for cement putty lies in the presence of various fillers in the composition.

Water-dispersive

This variety takes its rightful place in the category of leveling materials. A water-dispersive putty appeared relatively recently on the building materials market, however, due to its high performance parameters, its popularity is growing exponentially in demand.

This type of putty is effectively applied to all kinds of surfaces, including surfaces made of concrete, wood, brick or fiberboard. The material is a ready-to-use acrylic-based mixture.

The composition is distinguished by good adhesion, min shrinkage, moisture resistance, fire resistance, no organic compounds and is affordable.

In case of thickening, putty easy to dilute with water and dries quickly... Based on the addition of resins, we can talk about an improvement in properties. This allows the synthetic resin filler to dry faster than others.

How to putty acrylic

This putty is a versatile option for leveling external and internal walls. Due to the uniqueness of the base, the material is excellently applied to any surface, allowing you to get smoothness and leveling.

The putty does not need to be diluted with water, since sold ready-made and can be stored in a plastic container for a long time. The mixture of the pasty type is quite simple to apply, as it is distributed over the surface.

The putty does not shrink or crack after drying. Due to its elasticity and water resistance, it perfectly copes with wall leveling.

The choice of polymer putty and how to use it

A relative novelty in this category - polymer putty - will allow you to bring the walls to almost perfectly flat for subsequent painting or pasting. Its application is carried out at the end the stage of rough work before finishing.

It is clear that the putty got its name based on its binders - polymers represented by / acrylic.

With regard to the material based on acrylic, we can say that its use is narrowly limited to the interior decoration of walls and ceilings.

Building material of this kind has advantages, the main of which is durability. In addition, it is odorless and available to use. The question of what kind of putty is better to putty the walls under the wallpaper cannot be answered unequivocally. That is why each of them has both advantages and weaknesses indicated in the description.

Today the construction market abounds various brands putty manufacturers who need no introduction:

Prospectors;

Prospectors

You can get acquainted with the types of putty for walls under wallpaper in a separate topic. The material is sold in plastic buckets, as a rule, these are ready-made putties or dry mixtures, transferred in paper bags.

The cost difference is due to competition from manufacturers, which affects the quality, as well as the content of the fillers.

When choosing a putty, take care of the starting and finishing options.

For more information about the types of putties, see the video:

What putty to level the walls under the wallpaper - how to choose, the rating of the best for the kitchen and room

When the walls are visually even, without any flaws, you can proceed to the final work. Otherwise, the unprepared surface will have to be treated with a starting putty, mainly gypsum.

For the kitchen, the best option would be a cement-based putty due to its moisture resistance and strength properties.

Between the layers until the moment you paste the wallpaper prime the surface.

Starter mixes have a high degree of reliability and adhesion to other materials, plus all coarse grit. They are used for areas with the need for rough alignment. The layer thickness is in direct proportion to the degree of unevenness 3-20mm.

At the time of purchase, focus on the letters on the package:

LR - putty for rooms with high humidity;
KR - for dry.

The finishing stage can be completed with plaster, latex options. The main criteria are the price and brand of the manufacturer. Usually, choose mixtures of the Knauf and Vetonit brands. They are ranked among the best and are most often used.

Finishing fine-grained putty allows you to achieve almost perfect smoothness.

Strength and adhesion are at a lower level, compared to the starting one, only its advantages lie in the processing prostate (sandpaper is enough). It should be 4mm thick.

Cement mortar is the main component that is necessary when pouring a foundation, when laying bricks, during plastering walls. its proportions.

For laying tiles, tiles during repairs, tile glue is always used. varieties and consumption of glue.

Decorative plaster Bark beetle is often used during finishing work. By going to get acquainted with the application technology.

Hence, we can conclude that gypsum mixtures are the most reliable and functional. However, it is necessary to understand that the human factor also plays an important role, some craftsmen are loyal to a particular product.

For most newly minted craftsmen there are universal mix options, combining and something from starting and finishing type putties. Only their price is almost twice as high as the previous ones separately.

Putty work

It is quite possible to putty the walls on your own, but in this case there is no need to talk about high results, although the work is not difficult. Most likely, skill is acquired with time and practice.

Theoretically, the implementation of the filling looks like this in stages:

preliminary preparation... The first stage is to clean the surface, dry it, remove greasy areas, old putty, old paint. It is worth not allowing work on a dirty or frozen surface;

on the contrary, it will reduce to zero the degree of adhesion of any material. Hence, there is a risk of loss of putty in whole layers .;
primer. This step should not be ignored. Priming of all putty layers including the final finishing layer before gluing the wallpaper. This procedure will provide additional strength;
putty. Based on the purpose of the room, the application of this or that type of putty and the number of layers itself are cut out. In this procedure, you must give dry thoroughly each layer, after which - treat with a primer;

the starting version of the putty is applied in portions. In order to avoid visible transitions, the application occurs in some sag on the layer in front of it. The tool is held at an angle of 31-36 degrees relative to the surface;
the finishing layer can be applied only after a day. To do this, it is worth resorting to a narrow spatula, which will reduce the layer thickness to 2 mm;
final primer immediately before gluing the wallpaper to the walls.

Corner filler principles

Sometimes the evenness and clarity of the corners are extremely important components of the repair. For this, the walls planned for pasting must be leveled. This procedure will seem very time consuming for an inexperienced finisher.

The most effective in this work will be an angled spatula, which functions according to the principle of "support on the wall".

At home, it is quite appropriate to use a silicone tube or syringe (standard confectionery), which allows you to distribute the required volume of putty mixture. Then the corners should be sharpened with an abrasive.

Slope putty proceeds in the same way as above corners or walls... The only difference is that the process itself is very painstaking, so beginners have practically no chances to cope with this task. Professionals recommend using an angled trowel and smoothing with an abrasive.

conclusions

The process of filling the walls for pasting wallpaper is a rather time-consuming processfocusing on physical spending; based on close attention and healthy pedantry. From a technological point of view, the procedure cannot be called complicated, and inaccuracies and defects can be corrected before final finishing.

The mixture for wall putty makes the surface perfectly homogeneous, smooth, which improves further painting or wallpapering. The composition includes components that promote adhesion and hardening, making it elastic. The article will tell you what modern materials for wall putty can be used and how to apply them to the surface.

The putty is an elastic, fine-grained mixture. Designed for cosmetic finishing of surface roughness and irregularities.

Putty goes on sale:

Dry. It is a special mixture, consisting of the required components in certain proportions, and prepared immediately before coating the surface. It is the most popular type of putty. Available in bags or bags. Before use, the dry mixture is diluted and thoroughly mixed with clean water, according to the instructions for use (see How to dilute the putty during self-repair). Advantages of dry putty:

low price;
long-term storage in dry form, at any temperature;
ease of transportation and storage.

The disadvantages of the material include the short shelf life of the already prepared mixture.

Ready to use... Such a solution is made on the basis of latex (see Latex putty: use cases) or acrylic. Sold in cans, buckets or tubs. The material is easy to use, does not require dilution time, and is always ready to use. The finished solution can be stored indefinitely. During a break from working with the finished putty, the container is tightly closed, which does not reduce its quality. Lack of material - higher cost than dry.

The composition of the putty for walls can be:

Gypsum (see Gypsum putty: its advantages and problems of use). Made on the basis of plaster, adheres well to any surface. Gypsum is hygroscopic, which leads to the accumulation of moisture. This material is only suitable for interior work. The mixture dries quickly, has an affordable price.
Cement. This group of compositions is widely used in outdoor finishing work. Having high performance properties, cement-based putty is used for finishing the facades of buildings and rooms with increased humidity. Material advantages:

resistant to temperature and humidity changes;
high strength after drying;
prevents the appearance of cracks on the surface;
made of gray or yellowish cement, which is easily painted over.

The only drawback is the presence of graininess.

Polymeric. In the modern world, a leveling mixture based on a polymer component is gaining popularity. For this, acrylic or latex is used. The acrylic compound is easy to use and versatile. It can be applied outside and inside the building. After drying, the polymer:

does not deform;
does not shrink;
does not crack.

Latex putty is used for interior walls. The main features of the mixture:

very flexible and easy to apply in a thin layer, filling the smallest cavities on the surface:
the formed good film, after drying, is durable and does not crack;
wide range of colors;
sold ready-made for use.

Tip: When purchasing a polymer putty, you should pay attention to the date of manufacture and the conditions of its storage - it is afraid of freezing.

The most unpleasant drawback is the very high cost.

Appointment of putty depending on the type

According to the method of application, the putty is divided into four groups:

Starting... The coarse-grained structure of the initial layer is intended for preliminary leveling of walls, ceiling surfaces, door openings, slopes. A mixture is selected depending on the base material, operating conditions. It is distinguished by good adhesion to the working surface, high strength and durability, and the ability to apply a layer from 0 to 25 mm without cracks and delamination.
Finish. The finishing layer putty has a finer fraction and is applied to the surface before finishing, which can be:

paint;
flock coating;
textile wallpaper.

It is applied to the starting putty or to the base itself. It smoothes out the smallest flaws and scratches, forming a layer up to 1 mm thick. The finish is putty in several steps, with a thickness of 0.1 - 0.2 mm at a time. After drying, it forms a polished, dense and white surface.

Specialized. This is the best putty with a special additive, it serves to solve a specific problem. This composition is used for:

sealing joints of gypsum panels (see. How to putty joints of drywall according to technology) and concrete slabs, without using a reinforcing mesh;
for "breathing" cracks;
for emergency repairs.

The material has higher elasticity and strength. The choice is very simple. Recommendations and methods of application of the specialized putty are indicated on the packaging.

Universal. It combines all of the above functions and is used in the range of combinations of any surface bases. It is convenient not only for professionals, but is inferior in quality to specialized putty. At the same time, it has no small cost.

How to calculate the consumption of putty

How to calculate the wall putty? The calculator helps to calculate the area of \u200b\u200bthe walls, and then the required amount of material, which depends not only on the size of the room, but also on the condition of the walls, the thickness of the applied layer and the type of putty.

When calculating the consumption of material, it must be borne in mind that:

When using gypsum or decorative putty, the consumption is 9 kg / m2 with a coating layer of 10 millimeters.
The cement mixture will need up to 17 kilograms per square meter.
Polymeric, ready-made, consumption with a layer thickness of one millimeter is up to 0.5 kg / m 2.

Instructions for calculating the amount of putty:

The surface is cleaned.
Key points are determined in the right places, special beacons are set up and deviations from the plane are measured.
The deviations are summed up and further divided by the number of measured points. For example, deviations at three points are: 1, 2, 6 centimeters. In this case:

summed up among themselves: 1 + 2 + 6 \u003d 9 (centimeters);
the sum is divided by the number of points: 9: 3 \u003d 3 (centimeters).

The average uniform coating layer is three centimeters.

Attention is drawn to the manufacturer's recommendation. Using the example of dry gypsum mass, approximately 8.5 kilograms will be required for finishing one square meter with a layer of 10 millimeters.
The consumption of the mixture is calculated per one square meter with a layer three centimeters thick: 8.5 x 3 \u003d 25.5 (kilogram).

With a surface area of \u200b\u200b10 square meters, you will need: 10 x 25.5 \u003d 255 kilograms of putty.

The number of bags of 30 kilograms will be: 255: 30 \u003d 8.5 (bags). Rounding off the resulting value - you need 9 bags of dry mix. After that, you can calculate how much the putty for the walls costs.

What set of tools will be needed for puttying

The necessary tool is purchased to putty the walls.

For work you will need:

Mixer, or drill with a special nozzle.
Capacity for stirring the putty.
Spatula set. A minimum of three sizes, from the smallest to 50 centimeters wide. It is putty in hard-to-reach places with a narrow tool.
Primer brush and roller. The roller is used for quick and accurate priming. The problem areas are primed with a brush.
Rule. It will only be needed to level a thick layer of starting putty.
Spirit level or plumb bob. Useful for installing beacons when performing starting putty.
Wall preparation sander.
Hand grout with a set of nets or skins.

Tip: Rub the putty by hand. This will give the surface a better quality.

How to prepare a wall for putty

Preparation of the wall for puttying is carried out in the following sequence:

The surface is thoroughly cleaned from old paint, putty, wallpaper and other dirt. This process will be accelerated by a grinder with a metal brush attached.
A primer is applied to the wall (see Primer before puttingty on walls - is it needed), which penetrates deeply into the surface to be treated. Wherein:

the base is strengthened by polymer components, such as PVA glue or acrylic. The primer on water is quickly absorbed into the surface, filling all microcracks;
all pores are clogged and a strong film is created. It is necessary for gypsum putties, which quickly lose moisture;
adhesion increases;
the appearance of fungal mold is prevented due to antiseptic properties.

The walls remain until the coating is completely dry.

Tip: For proper drying of the putty, it is necessary to create a certain temperature regime from (+ 10 ° C) to (+ 20 ° C) and humidity within 30 - 40%. If necessary, these conditions must be created using heating devices.

How to putty walls

Before proceeding with the work, it is necessary to determine why the walls are putty. Usually, this is necessary for painting or for gluing wallpaper, and how to do it correctly, the video in this article will tell you. Subject to some rules, do-it-yourself puttying of the walls is not difficult.

The order of work:

Initial leveling of the walls with starting putty. In this case:

large bends, sinks and gouges are filled;
the walls are putty in one step, that is, work begins and ends on one section of the wall in one day. If the work is postponed to another time, then the dried joints are abundantly wetted with water;
beacons are placed on strongly curved walls;
the putty is distributed with a rule or with a wide spatula, the mixture can also be applied along the guide with a thick layer;
putty of walls starts from the far corner, the direction of movement of the spatula with mortar from top to bottom or from corner to the side;
in the corners, the putty is smoothed with a special spatula or perforated metal corners are applied to the putty, which are closed with a solution.

Finishing with a special mixture, which makes the surface perfectly smooth. For this:

finishing work is carried out with a large and small spatula. Put putty on a wide spatula with a smaller spatula in small portions;
then the finishing putty is quickly and evenly applied to the surface, as shown in the photo.

The layer thickness should be no more than 1.5 millimeters. The topcoat is applied in two layers after the previous one has dried and processed with a sanding mesh.

Tip: Before applying each subsequent layer of putty, the previous one must be primed.

Accurately executed process of plastering the walls facilitates the subsequent renovation of the premises.

And it is impossible to prepare them for decorative finishing without putties. They may differ in composition, form of implementation, grain size and some other parameters. Such a variety of putties was created by manufacturers so that in each specific case we can choose the most suitable material: it is easy to guess that for internal and external work you will need a different composition. The type and material of the surface to be leveled must be taken into account. We offer to dot all the “i” s and figure out which filler to choose for walls, ceiling and floor, and which one - for drywall and wood.

# 1. Putty and putty - is there a difference?

A beginner in the field of construction work may be confused by the existence of two similar words - "putty" and "putty". Manufacturers add fuel to the fire and use both concepts. Actually, putty and putty are one and the same, it's just that the origin of the words is a little different.

Word "putty" came to us from the German language, more precisely from the word "spatel", which means a small construction shovel, which is used to apply leveling mixtures. Another name for the material, "Putty", came from the word "putty", which, in turn, means the process of applying the mixture with a spatula. Dictionaries allow the equivalent use of both words, but it just so happens that in professional vocabulary they often say "putty", and in colloquial - "putty".

# 2. Types of putties by appointment

According to the purpose, the putty is usually divided into the following types:

starting (leveling);
finishing (decorative);
universal.

The main difference is the grain size of the material.

Starter putties have high grain size, excellent strength and adhesion. They are intended for leveling walls with visible defects and a difference of up to 10-15 mm, can be applied layer from 3 mm to 2 cm... Such compositions can be used as an independent leveling agent or used afterwards. For best results, apply the starter filler in a couple of coats. You can work with two spatulas: one a little more - for applying the mixture to the wall, the second - for taking the mixture from the container. If the wall surface contains not just defects in the form of pits, but has vertical deviations, then you will have to take a long building rule.

Finishing putty applied over the starting one, intended for the final wall cladding before decorative finishing (,). Such compositions are less granular, therefore they allow you to form a perfectly flat and smooth surface. In terms of strength, the finishing putty is inferior to the starting one, can be applied with a maximum layer of 5 mm, easy to handle. As with the starter compound, it is better to apply the finishing compound in two coats. For the subsequent painting choose a fine-grained putty (100 microns).

Universal formulations suitable for both leveling and finishing. It makes sense to use them when the surface is characterized by minimal irregularities and differences. Such putties are more expensive than starting and decorative, but inferior in quality to them. If there are serious flaws, it is more expedient to take two separate compositions - you will win in money and in result.

Number 3. Types of putties according to the degree of readiness

There are not many options here - putty can be sold in two versions:

dry mixture that requires dilution with water in strictly defined proportions;
ready putty.

Dry mixes are the most widely sold, as they are inexpensive and have a longer shelf life. Such putties are sold in packages weighing from 5 to 25 kg, they are easy to transport and store. In order to obtain the necessary pasty putty from a dry powder, it is enough to seal the composition with water in a certain amount. It takes a little time for mixing and stirring, but the putty obtained in this way quickly sets, therefore it is necessary to work quickly, and kneading the material in large batches will not work. To obtain a solution with clearly defined parameters specified by the manufacturer, you must follow the instructions strictly. Some also consider the need to spend time preparing the solution as a disadvantage, but, to be honest, this is not a very big time investment. Another disadvantage is the presence of dust during mixing.

Ready formulations sold in buckets or large tanks. It is easy to guess that they can be used immediately, and this saves time and there is no risk of violating the proportions, having received a putty of the wrong quality. Additional tools and containers are also not required. The shelf life of the finished composition is shorter than that of dry putty, but much longer than that of dry putty diluted from powder. Ready-made compositions are more expensive than dry ones.

No. 4. Types of putties by composition

Depending on what materials are included in the composition, putties are:

cement-based;
gypsum-based;
polymer putties (this includes acrylic, latex and polymer-cement compounds).

Less often, but used, oil-glue, glue and oil putty, as well as putty.

Cement putty

Inexpensive and durable cementitious fillers are prepared on the basis of cement, sand and water. Cement is usually taken - small, river, with a minimum amount of impurities. Such compositions are sold in the form of dry mixtures, but some masters prepare it themselves, mixing 1 part of cement with 3-4 parts of sand and mixing the solution with water until it sets. It should not be too thick, and not too thin. To prepare the correct solution, you need to have solid experience in performing putty work, so it is much easier to take a dry mixture and dilute it with water.

Advantages of cement putties:

high strength, for this parameter the compositions have no analogues. It is possible to destroy the layer of cement putty only by hitting it;
moisture resistance, therefore the composition used in rooms with high humidity (bathroom, kitchen, swimming pool) and for facade work;
resistance to low temperatures;
low price.

disadvantages:

Gypsum plaster

White and plastic gypsum plaster is excellent for preparing walls for painting. With its help it is easy to get perfectly flat surface... Gypsum is able to pick up excess moisture from the air, and then give it back when the air becomes too dry.

Main advantages:

the ability to create a perfectly flat surface without roughness, perfect for further painting or other cladding;
no shrinkage;
gypsum putty lends itself well to leveling;
the composition dries quickly;
high degree of fire resistance;
gypsum is breathable, not subject to formation, safe for health;
improves the thermal insulation of the room;
low price.

Minuses:

Polymer putty

As the name of the composition suggests, it is based on polymers. These putties provide perfect results but are expensive. Depending on which polymer was used, the following compositions are distinguished:

acrylic putty Is a kind of universal composition. It can be used to align , wood floors, cement surfaces, and metal, as well as for finishing works... With the help of this composition, you can get a perfectly smooth, almost mirror-like surface, which is why such a putty is often used for the ceiling. The composition can be applied as a thin layer of 1 mm, or thicker. Acrylic putty suitable for interior and exterior works (there is a special composition for), can be used in wet rooms, has excellent adhesion to various surfaces, odorless, forms a durable layer. It is easy to work with, and hands and tools can be washed with plain water. The material is not afraid of moisture and allows you to protect walls or ceiling from moisture, it is easy to grind, does not shrink, but it is not cheap. On store shelves, there are a large number of fakes and low-quality goods, which contain impurities. They can scratch the surface;
latex putty prepared on the basis of acrylate latex, excellent for creating a finishing layer. With its help, you can get a perfectly smooth surface, however, it is undesirable to apply a layer of more than 3 mm - the material can crack. The composition is excellent for work with drywall, can also be used for alignment wood, brick and concrete surfaces... The scope of use is limited internal works;
polymer-cement putty - this is actually the same cement, but due to the introduction of polymer components into the composition, it has become more plastic. Used for alignment concrete and brick surfaces, can be applied in a layer up to 2 cm.

Other types of putties

Much less often, but still the following types of putties are used:

No. 5. Which filler to choose?

As is clear from the existing assortment, the putty is chosen depending on what material will be leveled, taking into account the peculiarities of the temperature and humidity conditions in the room: No. 7. Major manufacturers of putties

The market for putties is oversaturated today - you can find a mixture of any composition, for any type of surface and, most interestingly, at almost any price. We all love to save money, especially when it seems that there is no difference between two similar products. When it comes to putties, saving does not seem such a smart thing, because hardly anyone wants the putty layer to crack and fall off along with the paint after a few months. Trust is better products of large manufacturers:

Knauf Is a large German company, whose factories are located all over the world, incl. in Russia, which allows us to buy quality products at more affordable prices. Knauf putties are presented in cement, gypsum and polymer compositions, sold in dry and ready-made form. There are solutions for all areas of use. A special solution of the company - gypsum plaster with components that protect against X-ray radiation;
Ceresit - products of a large concern, which are very popular all over the world. Ceresit brand sells cement and polymer putties;
Tikkurila Is another well-known concern that, among other things, produces putties. The company offers acrylic moisture-resistant and gypsum compounds. Also in the assortment there is Euro Filler Light putty, which is distinguished by its simplicity of application and the absence of the need to sand - the surface itself becomes even. The color of the composition can be chosen from 15 offered. The company also offers Spakkeli wood putty, which is suitable for processing doors, furniture and other wooden surfaces indoors;
offers polymer, cement and organic-based fillers. There is a composition that will not only align the seams on drywall, old painted surfaces and wallpaper, but also allow you to create a textured decorative surface;
Kreisel Is a German company with factories in 20 countries, incl. in Russia. Putties are represented by cement and plaster compositions;
"Prospectors" - putties of domestic production. The quality is not bad, the prices are reasonable. The assortment is represented by gypsum, cement, polymer-cement and polymer compositions, which are suitable for starting and finishing works in dry and wet rooms, as well as for outdoor work;
Volma Is another domestic manufacturer that has proven itself well. The range of compositions is very wide. There are gypsum and polymer putties with different particle sizes. There are solutions for any situation.

You can also recommend the products of "Ural building mixtures", "ARMstrong" and "Eurogypsum".

When buying, do not forget to inspect the integrity of the packaging, pay attention to the expiration date and, if desired, ask for certificates of conformity - any responsible manufacturer and seller should have them.