Facing works in construction. Finishing work what do they include? Finishing work, how to do them correctly and inexpensively

Finishing is the third and final cycle of the construction of buildings, but its beginning, as a rule, does not coincide with the end time of the construction of the building box, but is shifted to the earliest possible date. The type and quality of finishing work is determined by their purpose and is expressed in decorative and aesthetic, technical or protective and sanitary and hygienic functions. All types of finishing works can be divided into capital and decorative, which are applied in accordance with the requirements for the room, facade or parts thereof. Capital finishes are made of natural and artificial stone, glass and non-ferrous metals. Finishes made from less durable materials can be classified as decorative types. The quality of the finish is determined by the degree of leveling and uniformity of the surface, the size of the gaps between individual elements and some other characteristics. The quality of finishing is set in the project for work with differentiated requirements to quality or control by uniform, standard requirements, regardless of the type and purpose of the premises or structure. So plastering and painting works have three types of quality: simple, improved and high quality. All other types of finishes are carried out and controlled according to uniform requirements for the corresponding work, i.e. the quality of tiling, flooring, glazing and false ceilings cannot be performed with a higher or lower quality level depending on the type of room in which they are performed or the design assignment.

TYPES OF FINISHING WORKS:

1) Surface cladding

Cladding is the process of fixing various tiles, panels or sheet materials to walls or ceilings that do not require subsequent finishing (plastering, painting or pasting). Natural and artificial stone, glass and metal are used for facing facades. Stone and metal can be both part of the supporting structures and can be attached to them in various ways. In addition to these, other less durable materials can be used in interiors: gypsum castings and sheets, plastic, wood and wood-laminated panels. All these materials are fastened with a sticker on various adhesives, mastics and solutions or by hanging onto a frame made of a special metal, rarely wooden profile using various fasteners.

2) Glass works Nowadays, the glazing of window sashes is usually performed by the manufacturer of window fillings, but on the construction site the glass is often dismantled and reinstalled. Removing glass from the bindings is associated with the need to access the mounting elements of the strapping of plastic blocks or for the final finishing of wooden blocks. In some cases, glass cutting and glazing can be performed at the construction site. Cutting of window glass is carried out by breaking along the line applied with a roller or diamond glass cutter or after sharp heating along the cutting line with a tungsten thread. For the preparation of glass on the territory of the construction site, a workshop is equipped, where glass of large size is cut to the specified dimensions in the required quantity. The glass is installed in fully painted bindings, removed from the hinges, in one of the rooms of the glazed floor. Since single glass has given way to double-glazed windows today, glazing with a glass blank on the site is almost never used. Double-glazed windows are installed at the place of production of window blocks dry with fitting of glazing beads and temporary fastening. The method of fastening "on double putty" is not used for double-glazed windows. Traditional, widely used in housing construction, is the glazing method "with double putty and glazing beads" (Fig. 66 - b)

a- on double putty; b- on putty and glazing beads; v- on elastic pads and glazing beads. 1 - glass; 2 - the first layer of putty or sealant; 3 - the second layer of putty (sealant); 4 - fixing pin (nail); 5 - elastic pad; 6 - glazing bead; 7 - fixing the glazing bead with a screw or nail. The following types of window glass are used today:

2. Reinforced

   Mirrored

   Patterned, with a thickness of 2-3 mm.

   The same, with a thickness of 4-6 mm.

   WITH flowed reinforced.

   Polished mirror glass.

   Patterned and corrugated glass.

3) Plastering work These works are in first place in terms of mass use and labor intensity in the total volume of finishing works. By appointment plasters are divided into ordinary(leveling), special(moisture, heat, X-ray and noise protection) and decorative(not requiring additional finishing). Depending on the degree of "evenness" of the finished surface, there are three types quality for ordinary plasters: simple, improved and high quality and two for specials (improved and high quality). A special type is dry plaster, which, according to technological characteristics, can be attributed to cladding, but according to its purpose and the need for subsequent finishing, it corresponds to the definition of plaster. Thus, according to the materials used, plasters can be mortar or monolithic and dry. Dry plaster made of standard gypsum plasterboard (GKL) or gypsum fiber (GVL) sheets, 10 or 12 thick, 1200 mm wide. The length of sheets can be from 1.2 to 3.3 m, but the most common sheets on the market are 2.7 m long. Monolithic plasters This is a traditional type of plaster used for facades and interiors and can be classified as capital finishes. Plaster mortars consist of sand, binder, plasticizer and water. The binder can be cement, lime and gypsum. Today, due to its low strength, long setting time and high cost, lime is almost never used as a binder. Surface preparation under plastering. Almost any surface can be plastered, but some of them require serious preparation. The most suitable for plastering the surface of brickwork, made of wasteland or from a special embossed brick. Such a surface only requires cleaning from the influx of masonry mortar and dust. Smoother concrete surfaces made with quality formwork need to be roughened with a notch or upholstery with metal stucco nets. Application of the solution today it is carried out mainly by a mechanized plastering nozzle with the supply of solution from a mobile plastering station, placed directly in the plastering room or next to it.

4) Production of painting works 1 - relief texture - created by various processing of a plastic layer of putty, applied with a thickness of 2-4 mm. onto the prepared surface. Today there are a large number of ready-to-use decorative compositions, with instructions for their application, which allows you to create various options for the texture of the finished surface. On the market, such compounds are often referred to as decorative plasters. Textured compositions are applied with hand floats or crumb blowers, and the finish is performed with smooth or embossed rollers. Compositions based on transparent acrylic resins with a mineral filler imitate stone-like plaster. A similar texture can be obtained without the use of special decorative compositions; 2 - sanding - is carried out by applying dust-free sand in two layers on freshly applied epoxy glue or drying oil. After the glue dries, the surface is painted, and in the case of using colored sand, varnished; 3 - color imitation of wood and stone species is achieved by cutting a freshly applied layer of paint with tampons, embossed rollers or brushes; 4 - knurling the pattern with relief rollers, printing with tampons and stencils.

5) Wallpaper works Performed by painters simultaneously with painting work at the facility. Preparation for pasting is carried out in the same way as preparation for painting. Once the wallpaper has been applied, the room can be carpeted, skirting boards and door frames can be installed. Today on the market there is a huge variety of different wallpapers, which, according to technological characteristics, can be reduced to the following types: thin paper; medium density; dense; heavy and linkrust; ceiling and glass wallpaper (embossed fiberglass). The width of the wallpaper is usually 0.5 and 1.0 meters. Thin wallpaper is glued with an overlap, and all others - end-to-end (in finished form). Lincrust and some types of expensive wallpaper are glued with an overlap for precise trimming (see linoleum fig. 86). All wallpaper before the sticker is cut to the height of the room with a margin of 5 - 6 cm, while wallpaper with a geometric pattern (rapport) is calculated with the addition of the size of the pattern step to the height of the room to all panels, except for the first one. This is necessary in order to be able to align the pattern in adjacent panels. All types of wallpaper, except for glass wallpaper and ceiling, are coated with glue immediately before sticking. The base is glued in advance and must be completely dry by the time the wallpaper is applied. Before the beginning of the sticker, on the surface, the position of the first edge of the panel must be marked with a vertical line. The corners are overlapped with a panel by about 50 mm. Large overlap can lead to wrinkles in the wallpaper. All wallpaper adhesives produced today are based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with various additives. Glue dissolved in water of the consistency of thick jelly, is applied to a piece of cloth cut to size with a brush or roller. The prepared panel is folded into three layers, served to a painter - a gluer, standing on a scaffold or a step-ladder and glued from the ceiling to the floor. Air bubbles are squeezed out with a soft rubber roller from the middle to the edges with simultaneous correction of the joint of the panels. Correctly selected and applied glue allows you to move the panel over the base by 5 - 10 mm. within 2 - 3 minutes. During the production of work, the humidity in the room rises significantly, but it is impossible to ventilate the rooms. Otherwise, the wallpaper paper will dry faster than the glue, which will lead to the shrinking of the panels and the opening of the seams. The edges of the joints and the stock are trimmed before the glue dries, after which the edges are folded back and additionally coated with glue. Ceiling wallpaper is made of materials that have minimal deformation when humidity changes, which allows them to be glued without moisture, i.e. the glue is applied not to the wallpaper, but to the surface to be sprayed. At the same time, the wallpaper is simply rolled out of the roll and pressed with a roller.

6) Arrangement of false ceilings The need for suspended ceilings is due not only to decorative, acoustic and thermal properties, but also to the possibility of placing large ventilation pipelines and numerous electrical wiring in an easily accessible space. Given the low cost of materials and work on the installation of ceilings, the popularity of this type of finish becomes clear. The most common today are modular slab ceilings on a light metal frame filled with acoustic mineral wool slabs, plasterboard for subsequent finishing and plastic hollow-core panels.
Figure 78. Construction of a plasterboard suspended ceiling on a single-level metal (A) and two-level frame (B).

Ceiling installation begins with drawing the level of a clean ceiling to the walls, using optical or laser levels, a water level or a large mounting level for this.

7) Floor arrangement During operation, floor coverings are subjected to a wide variety of loads due to the type of room, hence the requirements for floors: strength, resistance to abrasion, crushing from impact and prolonged pressure, resistance to chemicals, evenness and smoothness of the coating, a given slope, appropriate heat and sound insulation , the ability to clean and antibacterial, elasticity, decorative and durability. These qualities are ensured not only by the coatings, but also by other underlying elements and layers of the floor. The name of the floor is determined by its covering or a clean floor, underneath there is a layer that redistributes the load or connects the covering with the underlying layers. Further, there can be a leveling or reinforcing screed, heat and sound insulation, steam or waterproofing and a supporting base in the form of a ceiling or reinforced soil. In some types of flooring, some of the listed elements are missing. According to the method of production and the materials used, monolithic, piece and roll coatings are distinguished. Monolithic ones include concrete, cement, polymer-cement or bulk, terrazzo, mosaic and xylolite. Piece items include: plank, block, parquet (type-setting, panel board, parquet boards, laminate), ceramic tiles, natural and artificial stone, butt block and cast iron slabs. Rolled: natural linoleum and polyvinyl chloride (PVC coverings), rubber (relin), carpets and floteks.

Views:

Coupler device - The most common are monolithic reinforcing and leveling screeds. Reinforcing are performed on top of insulation or crushed stone from a cement-sand mortar. Monolithic concrete floors - They are installed in industrial and utility rooms in one layer on a rigid base made of ordinary concrete mortar. The thickness of the coating is determined by the project depending on the design loads and can be from 30 to 200 mm. Under heavy loads, such a floor is additionally reinforced by placing reinforcement in the middle of the concrete layer thickness. Terrazzo and monolithic mosaic floor These floors are installed in public areas with high traffic: lobbies, distribution halls, corridors, sales areas, etc. Stone and ceramic tile floors They are installed on solid, rigid foundations in premises for various purposes. Plank flooring The use of these floors has a long history and is justified today in many cases by the simplicity of design, environmental friendliness, decorativeness and tactile characteristics of natural wood. Slab floor It is used in rooms with a high dynamic load, such as gyms and gyms. It is carried out, as a rule, along the logs-beds on the sand on the floor slabs, similar to the plank floor. Parquet flooring Today, this type of floor includes, in addition to the traditional type-setting, also parquet boards, boards and laminated panels. Roll floors They are usually made of synthetic pile or smooth materials. Smooth coatings include natural and polyvinyl chloride linoleum, and relin (rubber linoleum). Carpets They can be laid by the method of continuous gluing to the base or by tension on toothed racks (grippers), fixed along the perimeter of the room. In both cases, unlike PVC coatings, seams are welded before the coating is fixed to the base.

One of the final finishing processes of residential buildings is wallpapering the walls. It is the main veneering material when decorating the walls of living rooms and corridors. Wallpaper is a roll material on a paper basis, the front surface of which has a one-color or multi-color pattern. Currently, a fairly wide range of wallpapers is produced - non-primed, primed embossed, metallized, etc. According to its purpose and operational characteristics, wallpaper can be ordinary, washable (moisture-resistant) and pile. In recent years, synthetic films have been widely used for the decoration of residential and administrative buildings.

Ordinary wallpaper produce a variety of colors. The color of the wallpaper should be selected depending on the purpose of individual rooms, sizes, lighting capabilities and a number of other data, as well as according to the instructions of the architects.

Unprimed wallpaper has a pattern applied directly to white or colored paper (background). The background may show through between the pictures. The design of the printed wallpaper is done with water-based glue paint.

Primed wallpaper is made of wallpaper coated with a primer on which a pattern is applied in one or more colors. In terms of quality, they are higher than non-primed.

Embossed wallpaper They are usually made of primed wallpaper, on which a pattern is applied with oil paints with simultaneous embossing.

Metallic wallpaper made of wallpaper, on which a primer with metal powder is applied, after which a pattern is printed or embossed.

Washable (moisture resistant) wallpaper is a roll material obtained by applying a thin layer of an aqueous dispersion of synthetic resins or a ready-made transparent polyvinyl chloride film to ordinary paper wallpaper. The surface of the wallpaper can be smooth and embossed with a colored pattern and embossing. They also produce wallpaper with a texture imitating embossed plaster, fabric, silk, etc. Washable wallpaper is used for pasting the walls of living rooms, corridors and kitchens.

Pile wallpaper are a roll material that consists of a paper base and a pile applied to the paper in a continuous layer or in the form of a combination of a smooth field and a pattern formed by a fleecy surface. Pile is made from waste of weaving wool, rayon yarn, cotton and cheap wood fiber.

Pile wallpaper is breathable and has increased sound insulation properties. They are used mainly for finishing rooms with increased soundproofing requirements, such as radio and television studios.

Before starting the gluing, the manufacturer of the works checks whether the type, quality and type of wallpaper comply with the instructions of the building project and whether they have been approved by the designer's supervision. Wallpaper is delivered to the construction site in pieces, rolled up. The length of wallpaper in one piece should be 12 m, width - 500, 600 or 750 mm. By order of construction organizations, factories release wallpaper without cutting them into pieces, in bobbins; the length of such panels is 500-600 m. At the same time, a workshop for cutting and assembling wallpaper is organized directly at the construction site in one of the houses under construction. This allows you to check the quality of the wallpaper when cutting, and also significantly reduces the amount of waste.

Controlling the quality of wallpaper, make sure that deviations in the dimensions of rolls with a length of 12 and 30 m do not exceed ± 250 mm, and for rolls with a length of 500 m - no more than ± 3.5 m; deviations along the width of the panel for all types of rolls should not exceed ± 3 mm. The edge of the wallpaper should have the same width - 10-15 mm along the entire length of the roll.

Wallpaper must meet the following requirements:

Have a solid base (paper), which will not creep when wet, and a smooth, uniform surface without foreign inclusions and stains;

Monochromatic primer on paper should be even and dense, and multicolored primer should have a uniform distribution of color spots; have a durable paint layer that does not stain when bent and does not leave marks when touched;

There should be no damage to the substrate, and damage to the edges should not affect the applied pattern or background;

The moisture content of the wallpaper should not exceed 6-8%.

If the wallpaper comes from a procurement workshop cut into strips, then you need to ensure that they are assembled for each room and apartment, correctly selected according to the pattern, color and shades, the edges are equally cut on both sides.

Deviations of cut wallpaper panels should not exceed 10 mm in length and 3 mm in width. Unclear or uneven edges of the pattern and displacement of the colors of the pattern on the panel are not allowed. The cutting line of the edge of the wallpaper strip should be even, without distortions and strips of uncut edges.

Particular attention is paid to the correct transportation of wallpaper and linkrust. Wallpaper is transported packed in bundles and bales by types of colors and patterns. In this case, the packs are placed vertically. Wallpaper is stored in dry rooms equipped with racks; Linkrust rolls are stored upright in a dry, warm room at a temperature of 0-18 ° C.

Pasting the walls with wallpaper is preceded by a thorough preparation of the surface of the walls, carried out in accordance with the recommendations of SNiP III-21-73 "Finishing coatings of building structures". Surfaces intended for wallpapering are well dried, leveled and cleaned from a solution of chalk or lime whitewash. Found cracks, sinks and cracks are sealed with lime-gypsum mortar.

On the prepared surface under the wallpaper, glue wrapping or newspaper, clean, without oil stains, paper. For pasting walls with paper and then wallpaper, pastes made on the basis of flour, starch, carpentry glue, as well as various synthetic adhesives, adhesive mastics, and adhesives based on dry building mixtures are used. For gluing synthetic films on a fabric basis, use latex water-based glue bustilate or polyvinyl acetate glue. Such adhesives are prepared in paint shops of construction sites or in paint shops.

Wall surfaces are cleaned of dust and other contaminants. Rough surfaces are carefully smoothed with the end of a tree or flak. Uneven surfaces of plaster or concrete are partially greased or completely putty. Then they are pasted over with paper.

Walls made of reinforced concrete wall panels made in cassette forms, as well as walls with a flat and smooth surface, leveled at the factory, are not pasted over with waste paper.

The walls, lined with sheets of dry gypsum plaster, are not pasted over with waste paper, and the rusts between the sheets of dry plaster are filled with filler flush with the entire surface and pasted over with strips of paper in 1-3 layers. After drying, the edges of the paper strips are cleaned with fine sandpaper or pumice. Recessed nail heads are covered with linseed oil, sealed with putty and sanded.

Before gluing the paper, the surface of the walls is covered with paste in separate areas. In this case, the paste should not dry out completely until the paper smeared with the paste is applied to it.

When pasting walls with plain wallpaper, sheets of waste paper can be glued with an overlap. When pasting with ordinary wallpaper, the paper is glued back to back. When pasting with embossed high-quality wallpaper, the paper is glued end-to-end in two layers, and the second layer is glued after carefully sanding the putty and dried first layer of paper so that the seams of the first layer do not coincide with the seams of the second. Each glued sheet should be well smoothed and leveled with a brush or rag so that it does not have folds, wrinkles and bubbles. Especially carefully it is necessary to paste over the surface near the skirting boards and platbands. After drying, the surfaces covered with paper are examined and the detected defects are cleaned with pumice stone or circles with fine glass skin.

Wallpapering should be started only after the pasted paper is completely dry. The foreman examines the wallpaper panels intended for pasting this room and, if necessary, instructs the foreman to sort them. Light-colored wallpapers selected during sorting are recommended to be pasted on shadow walls (less illuminated), and dark-colored wallpapers - on illuminated ones.

The cut panels are placed on the table with the pattern up. Then the upper panel is fixed under the folding roller of the spreading mechanism and passed through the mechanism. Wallpaper sticks well only when it is sufficiently saturated with paste before being applied to the wall. Therefore, the foreman must ensure that badly soaking wallpaper on thick paper, after the first application with paste, is kept on the tables. Before the sticker itself, sufficiently soaked canvases are again smeared with paste with special brushes with the supply of paste from the pressure tank. The oiled panels are first folded in half, first joining the surfaces covered with paste, and then fourfold (picture to picture). The panels folded in this way are fed to the workplace and glued.

In order for the panels to be glued strictly vertically, on the prepared surface, the control vertical lines are beaten off with a plumb line beforehand, along which the panel is applied. The first vertical line is applied by measuring from the corner in the upper part of the wall a distance equal to the width of the panel. The first canvas is glued exactly along the marked vertical line or marks and in the direction from the window into the interior of the room. This is done in order to eliminate shadows from the edges of thick wallpaper.

When gluing, the panel is applied with its upper end to the wall, and then smoothed with a clean rag or hair brush from the middle to the edges, while squeezing the air out from under the wallpaper.

A well-smoothed fabric should be free of wrinkles, swollen areas, folds and raised edges. It is recommended to roll the edges with rubber rollers. If an air bubble appears under the glued panel, the wallpaper above it is pierced with a needle, the air is squeezed out and this place is carefully smoothed. The next panel is glued in the same way, making sure that the pattern on both panels exactly matches at the joints. In the course of work, short pieces (panels) are glued under and above the windows, as well as above the doors.

To increase the productivity of painters when wallpapering walls and improving the quality of their work, a brush with a spring holder is used to paste wallpaper. The cloth smeared with glue is grasped with a holder and placed on the upper part of the wall, adjusting the pattern to the pattern of the previously glued cloth. Then, pressing the upper part of the panel with your palm against the wall, release the holder and use a brush to smooth and press the panel against the wall over the entire plane.

Excess wallpaper near cornices, skirting boards, door trims, in corners with surface distortions, at window slopes, radiator niches and in other places is cut off along a ruler immediately after sticking the sheet until it is dry. When gluing on new surfaces, the wallpaper should be run behind the skirting boards and platbands, so the latter can be nailed only after pasting the wallpaper. After the end of pasting, the walls are allowed to dry out a little, and then proceed to the sticker of the border or frieze.

Wallpapering of ceilings is carried out on reinforced concrete floor panels the size of a room. The ceiling surfaces of the panels must be flat and smooth. Their moisture content should not exceed 8%. Grease and rust stains, shells with a depth and diameter of more than 4 mm are unacceptable on the surface. Before the ceilings are glued, hidden electrical wiring must be done. Surface preparation is carried out as follows: using a metal scraper on a long handle, the painter cleans the surface from splashes of solution and other contaminants; lubricates irregularities; spatula places where the ceiling adjoins the walls; polishes greased places.

For pasting ceilings, wallpaper of light colors with a pattern that does not require adjusting the panels when gluing is selected. The quality of the wallpaper must meet the following requirements: the background of the wallpaper must be uniform, without spots, stripes, drips, the paint layer must be durable, not peeling and peeling, the edges of the wallpaper must be even and not have tears. The ceilings are pasted over immediately before the walls are glued. Immediately before pasting, the ceilings and upper parts of the walls are primed with a 3% solution of CMC glue.

The foreman of the painters must control the quality of the preparation of the paste for pasting the ceilings with the use of CMC glue. Pour 500 g of CMC glue into 10 liters of water with a temperature not exceeding 40 ° C with continuous stirring. The composition is kept for 12 hours until the glue is completely dissolved. Before using the paste, it must be mixed. The viscosity of the paste according to the VZ-4 viscometer should be 50 s at a temperature of 18 ° C.

Pasting wallpaper on the ceiling is as follows. First, the glue composition is applied to the ceiling with a flywheel roller in an even layer without gaps and drips. The applied composition must be kept for at least 20 minutes. Then the painter applies an adhesive composition along the perimeter of the walls to a width of 10 cm with a swinging brush. The wallpaper is passed through the installation for applying paste, held for 20 minutes for impregnation with the composition and glued to the ceiling, overlapping the corner and the upper part of the wall by 10 cm.

The application of wallpaper to the ceiling starts from window to door, parallel to the short wall with an overlap of 10-15 mm. The overlap should be facing the direction of the light. The glued panels are smoothed with a brush with movements from the middle to the edges. Papered ceilings are protected from direct sunlight and drafts until completely dry. During the drying of wallpaper, the air temperature in the room should be constant no higher than 23 ° C, and the windows in the premises should be closed. With this drying mode, wallpaper glued to the ceiling dries up in 1-2 days. and high quality of work is ensured.

The quality of upholstery must meet the following requirements:

Cloths of rolled finishing materials and wallpaper must have the same color and shade;

Wallpaper strips should be located vertically, without deviations of the position of the edges from the plumb line by more than 1 mm to the gluing height;

The fit of the edges of complex panels must be accurate, without gaps between the panels and without distorting the pattern; displacement of the picture is allowed no more than 0.5 mm;

The underlying edge should not be visible from under the cut edge of the wallpaper;

Wallpaper joints should be overlapped, the upper edge of the wallpaper at the joint should be facing the light (towards the window);

The junction points of the wallpaper when gluing them end-to-end should not be noticeable at a distance of 3 m;

The border should be glued horizontally, without distortions of more than 2 mm over the entire length of the walls; the width of the curb should be no more than 25 mm, the joints must be overlapped and so that the upper edge of the curb strip is facing the light (window); the border should completely cover the upper edge of the wallpaper, the distance from the ceiling to the top of the border should be no more than 10 cm;

The sheets of wallpaper from above should be completely suspended under the curb, without gaps between their top and the curb, the lower ends of the wallpaper should be cut 10 mm above the level of the finished floor (with single skirting boards and fillets) or at the level of the top of the skirting board (with double wooden and PVC skirting boards );

Sticking wallpaper to the skirting board is not allowed;

Stains, places contaminated with paste, drips, changes in the color and shade of wallpaper, lagging of wallpaper, swelling, folds, wrinkles, irregularities in the cut lines of wallpaper at baseboards and platbands, non-glued places, inserts (patches, gluing) of individual places in the panels are not allowed.

Based on the materials of the reference book "Universal reference book of the foreman". STC "Stroyinform".

There are several successive stages in construction, and finishing work is one of them, because in the construction of a building, the construction of a box is essential, but not final.

For example, the most that is not a simple redecoration of an apartment usually consists only of finishing work. While capital, which includes several stages, finishing work is being completed.

Meaning

Finishing work is the most important stage in construction and in any repair, since the appearance of the room, its atmosphere, and, as a result, the mood of the people in it depends on the quality of this type of work.

The impression received by those present in the room, their feelings, as well as convenience, comfort and time savings depend on the correctly selected palette of colors, their combination, the quality of materials and the performance of the work itself.

Internal finishing works in overhaul

Over time, all buildings and structures need major repairs, this is an action that requires a serious approach, high-quality materials and the latest equipment, since this type of repair, in terms of its importance and volume of work performed, is more reminiscent of the reconstruction of a building.

Finishing work is the final stage in a major overhaul, which is usually preceded by activities such as:

• strengthening the foundation and supporting structures (walls and beams);
• a set of actions related to waterproofing and designed to protect the room from moisture.

Alternatively, the cost of finishing the premises is included in the price of the overhaul. But at the request of the customer, the estimate for finishing work can be made in a separate document in order to detail material and financial costs.

Finishing work. Views

These works are carried out in a certain sequence, depending on the wishes of the customer or the owner of the property and on the specific tasks assigned to the performers.

Finishing work is a complex of actions that can be conditionally divided into several groups:

• floor finishing;
• ceiling decoration;
• wall decoration.

All components of the stages of finishing activities can have a wide price and quality range. You can also always invite an interior designer to decorate a room in a specific style or to acquire the maximum practicality, style and aesthetics of the area. But this should be done before the repairmen begin their work. After all, the cost and duration of the execution of ideas depends on the selected type of finish and materials for its implementation.

Wall decoration

Usually, this is where the interior finishing work begins, which consist of the following stages:

• preparation of walls - includes actions for leveling or giving them the necessary shape, for this they use plaster, plaster or drywall;
• then comes the stage of puttying or finishing leveling of the walls;
• then decoration is carried out (for example, painting the walls or pasting them with wallpaper).

Wall preparation is of paramount importance in wall decoration, as flat wall surfaces are very rare in most homes. And this action determines how the coating will lay on the walls, and the general appearance of the room also largely depends on the relief.

At this time, the most common type is wallpaper, staining comes on the heels.

But there are lovers of interesting solutions who are ready in their homes with various panels.

It happens that the interior decoration of walls includes the installation of decorative panels, which include plastic, MDF or fiberboard. For this type of work, the task of the wizards is greatly simplified, because the procedure does not require alignment.

Ceiling decoration

With the surface of the ceilings, the situation is a little better than with the walls, sometimes there may be irregularities at the joints of panels or beams, but all this is well corrected with professional tools in combination with skills. But if there is a problem with the relief of the ceiling, then special types of coatings come to the rescue, which will easily mask all the shortcomings of the builders.

But first things first.

Interior finishing works of the ceiling depend on the coating chosen by the customer for it, as well as the way in which they will be carried out.

At this time, there are several types of ceilings:

• tension;
• painted;
• hinged;
• pasted over.

The most popular one, which is usually recommended by the decorator, is the painted ceiling. It does not require special physical effort, material costs and time. The only thing that precedes painting the ceiling, and even then not always, is the preliminary leveling of its surface.

Papered ceilings are in second place in popularity. These can be panels of various materials or any type of wallpaper. This type of ceiling is inexpensive, simple and aesthetic.

The estimate for finishing work of a stretch or suspended ceiling can unpleasantly surprise with its considerable result, but if the question of saving material resources is not in front of the owner of the premises, then this option is very good.

There is a wide variety of color options to which you can add a share of creativity and originality (different levels, relief, combination of shades and textures).

Floor finishing

It includes a number of works on leveling the floor and installing a concrete screed, the final stage here is the installation of the floor covering, which must be chosen by the owner of the room. It can be laminate, parquet, linoleum, tiles or boards.

As for the laying of ceramic tiles and tiles, then you will need a finishing master who specializes in this. Since laying tiles is a job that requires certain experience and skills. In this way, you can decorate not only the floor, but also the walls in the bathroom, shower, or lay out a working apron in the kitchen. Sometimes the laying of tiles is placed in a special category and in a separate price list for repair and finishing work.

Who should you trust?

If the prices for finishing work are intimidating, or if you have some knowledge and skills in finishing the premises, then you can do this on your own. But there is no execution, coverage of additional costs or payment of penalties and solution of the problems that have arisen at the stage of execution of finishing works.

But in most cases, real estate owners resort to the help of professionals, among whom it is possible to find those that offer affordable prices for finishing work, their high-quality performance and a guarantee.

Advantages of repair and finishing firms

Most organizations that specialize in renovation, construction and finishing work provide:

• detailed development of a plan and estimate;
• an individual approach to each order;
• modern equipment and advanced technologies;
• highly skilled workers;
• finishing in rooms of any degree of complexity;
• execution of works on time;
• a guarantee for the types of work performed, which is provided after their completion.

Calculation of the cost of repair and finishing works

As for the prices for finishing work, they differ significantly in different regions of the country. For example, in Moscow, the Moscow region, St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region, the cost is much higher than in Saratov, Tomsk or Cherepovets.

Also, the price of finishing largely depends on the materials, the complexity of the work and the timing of their execution. But in all cases, there is one principle: the larger the area of ​​the premises, the higher the price for the services rendered.

In most companies, the procedure for calculating the cost of finishing can be done online, for this there is a special calculator on the organization's website, with which you can easily find out how much the planned event will cost.

There is another way - very often on those very sites of repair and construction companies there is an opportunity to use the services of an online consultant for free, who will help to make preliminary calculations and guide you on other basic issues.

In order to give the building a beautiful look or to endow its structural elements with appropriate features, finishing works are carried out. They are among the most labor-intensive and material-intensive. Therefore, they should be treated very responsibly, because the final result of the repair or construction will depend on this.

If you do not want to independently engage in this kind of work, you can find on the site qualified teams and firms that are engaged in this. They repair them with high quality and will be able to carry out work of this type in the shortest possible time.

Varieties of finishing works

This type of work can be divided according to the place of their implementation into:

• external finishing work of the building;
• interior finishing activities.

External finishing consists in carrying out repair or reconstruction work that requires the facade of the task or structure. This can be the application of various plaster, paneling, stone, etc. to it.

When carrying out work on the interior decoration of premises, it is necessary to pay attention not only to the service life of the used finishing materials, but also to their possible conditions of detention, the period of obsolescence, etc.

By the way of carrying out the finishing can be divided into:

• plaster finishing;
• finishing with putty;
• painting finish;
• finishing with facing material;
• cladding of flooring and ceilings.

Not only its external perception, but also its durability, insulating functions, sanitary and hygienic properties, etc., will depend on how well the decoration of the room or building was made.

Finishing work groups

There are two main groups into which all finishing works can be divided:

• general finishing activities;
• finishing and installation work.

Most of the finishing works directly perform decorative functions.

The second group of finishing works includes the assembly of building elements that play a constructive role in the construction as a whole.

Among the finishing and installation works, the following can be distinguished:

• installation of partitions of various types;
• installation of parquet floors;
• installation of glass in window openings;
• installation of built-in furniture;
• finishing of balconies with special materials, etc.

Finishing work is the final stage in construction or renovation. Therefore, the result of all works depends on them. This means that they must be taken with the utmost seriousness and responsibility. \

In the video presented, you can watch the entire process of repairing and finishing an apartment in a new building:

Building a house is a very important process, on which the reliability of operation depends in the future. Such work should only be performed by specialists who have experience in performing them at each stage.

A very important role in this is played by finishing work, which is carried out almost after the completion of the main types of construction. This process has its own characteristics, which should be taken into account by each wizard during its execution.

Main characteristics

Finishing work is the process of finishing both the internal and external surfaces of buildings to protect them from external influences. Such procedures combine not only protection, but also heat and sound insulation of walls.

This is a complex procedure that has its own distinctive features for each type of process. Absolutely different types of materials can be used here, from plaster to tiles and other products.

When performing such work, you should adhere to basic safety rules and use products that are non-toxic to humans. This factor is very important and plays an almost decisive role in the selection of materials.

The main types of finishing work

Since these processes can be performed for different types of surfaces, experts distinguish several types of them:

1. Glazing works involve final glazing of the building to limit external influences on the interior of the house. This process can be carried out both inside the building and outside, depending on the type of structure.
2. Plastering work involves the application of mortars to all major building components (walls, ceilings, etc.). For such purposes, several types of plasters can be used, which have different properties and purposes.
3. Cladding is a procedure for covering surfaces with special materials (tiles, plywood, etc.).
4. Painting works. The implementation of such a procedure involves the application of not all types of surfaces of various types of paint and varnish solutions in order to protect the basic substance.
5. Pasting wallpaper is a fairly simple form of work, but often carried out to obtain a decorative effect in a building.

All these types of processes may or may not be performed, which depends on the specific type of building. There are many types of materials that are used to solve these problems and obtain a quality coating.

Features of one of the operations included in the finishing work can be seen in this video: