The methodology of organizing and conducting the "round table. Organization and holding of round tables

The round table is a fairly common event in almost any field where you have to work with people, negotiate or meet. Consider what kind of public speaking this is and what its features are.

A round table is a type of group discussion. It is held in order to enable a group of people to listen to several experts on a specific topic, as well as discuss problematic issues and listen to the personal points of view of the event participants.

A round table can help participants gain a deeper understanding of a particular issue, as well as consider the positions of other participants regarding the problem.

How to hold a round table

Identify a problem or topic that resonates. You can formulate a topic in the form of a question, hypothesis, real life situation, etc.

1. Choose experts, that is, participants who are competent enough to speak on this issue. It is also desirable that they present different points of view on the problem. A round table is usually attended by 3 to 5 experts.
2. Choose a leader or moderator - the one who will follow the discussion, pass the floor to the participants and direct the discussion in the right direction, using the oratorical “Appeal to the audience” to present questions for consideration.
3. Choose event format

The round table can be held in different formats. For example, in this:

• The leader of the round table or his moderator voices the topic, and the experts present their vision of the problem for a set period of time
• Participants freely discuss the topic among themselves, asking questions or providing counterarguments. A certain amount of time is allocated for discussion. The discussion is moderated by a moderator.
• Moderator closes the discussion and summarizes the expert presentations and discussions

Round Table Organizer Responsibilities

• Identify problematic discussion topics
• Make sure that the participants and the moderator are familiar with the procedure for holding the round table so that everyone can effectively fulfill their role and avoid common oratory errors.
• If necessary, provide assistance to the participants of the round table (sources of information, necessary materials on the topic, etc.).
• Before the round table, familiarize participants with its principles, namely:

1. Freedom of discussion
2. The right to own (reasoned) opinion
3. Respect for other opinions
4. Tolerant attitude towards participants
5. Friendly tone of discussion

The recipe for the success of the round table is the same as any other public speaking. Remember that the purpose of the round table is a comprehensive view of the problem, all its aspects. It makes no sense to convince others of their own righteousness by denying the opinions of others. Truth is born in discussion.

In our oratory courses, sometimes we hold discussions where everyone will be in the role of both the presenter and the participant.

Round table on the topic "Effective forms of working with the family"

Goal:   consideration of the “family and school” interaction system from the position of psychological and pedagogical support of students and their parents.
Tasks:
   get acquainted with the classification of forms and methods of work with the student’s family;
   to consider and discuss the problems of the indicated issue; analyze the current state of the process of cooperation between the family and the school;
   outline ways to build the effective work of the teaching staff of the school with the contingent of parents of students;
   use the obtained theoretical knowledge in practice.

Category of participants:   teachers-psychologists of city schools.
Form of carrying out:   "round table".
Duration of work:   55 minutes
Working methods:
  - method of work in groups;
  - project method;
  - group discussion method.
Work principles:
  - principle of activity;
  - The principle of partnership communication;
  - the principle of concentration of presence;
  - feedback principle.
Material used:
  - clean sheets of whatman paper;
  - markers or felt-tip pens;
  - multimedia projector, interactive whiteboard, presentation.

Event structure:
  1. Organizational moment (greeting ritual, emotional attitude to work);
  2. Theoretical part (introduction to the thematic part of the question, familiarization of participants with new information);
  3. The practical part - the work of the "round table" (the use of teamwork techniques: "Interviews"; "Exchange of opinions"; work in small groups);
  4. Summing up, reflection.
  5. The ritual of farewell.

Working process.
  I. Greetings and emotional mood of the participants for the upcoming work.
  Exercise "Association".
  Operating time: 6 minutes.
  The presenter calls three concepts in succession: “child”, “school”, “family”. The task of the first participant is to name their own association to the proposed word. Further in a circle, the next participant calls the association to the previous word (for example: “child” - “baby” - “pram” - “sleep”, etc.).

II. Theoretical part.
  Operating time: 12 minutes.

That teacher of children is bad
  who does not remember his childhood.
  Ebner-Eschenbach.

  Undoubtedly, all the concepts that were uttered: “child”, “school”, “family” are directly related to our conversation today. All of them are closely related to the process of education. The effectiveness of the educational process depends on how closely the school and the family interact. The family is seen as the main customer and ally in raising children, and the combined efforts of parents and teachers create favorable conditions for the development of the child. A family can be compared to a launching pad, which determines a person’s life path. Every adult, and first of all a parent, is responsible for ensuring that the child learns to overcome the problems that he will encounter on his way.
  To date, a pre-thought out and clearly organized system of cooperation is of great importance in working with parents of students. Psychological and pedagogical support of parents of students can be organized through both individual and group forms of work.
  Individual forms of work with parents include the following: individual consultations, interviews, questionnaires, express diagnostics, correspondence with parents, analysis of children's work, home visits.
  Group forms include such forms of interaction as parent meetings, conferences, round tables, questions and answers evenings, parent universities, parent clubs, pedagogical discussions (disputes), role-playing games, and parental trainings. The most common form of group work with parents is the parent meeting.
  Individual forms of work with the family.
  Family visit is an effective form of individual work of a teacher with parents. When you visit a family, you become acquainted with the student’s living conditions. The teacher talks with parents about his character, interests, his attitude to parents, etc.
  Correspondence with parents is a written form for informing parents about the success of their children. Notification of parents about the upcoming joint activities at school, recommendations on the issue of raising children are allowed.
Individual thematic consultations - are held on the issues of the parents themselves, if they are faced with the problem of raising a child, which they cannot solve on their own. Consultations with parents are useful both for themselves and for the teacher. Parents get a real idea of \u200b\u200bschool matters and the behavior of the child, while the teacher receives the information he needs to better understand the student’s problems. Each consultation involves not only a discussion of the problem, but also practical recommendations for solving it. Not every teacher can conduct such a consultation, therefore it is always appropriate to involve competent specialists (psychologist, social educator) in finding a solution in a difficult situation.
  Group forms of work with the family.
  Parent meetings - a form of analysis, reflection on the basis of the pedagogical science of educational experience. Parent meetings can be:
   - organizational;
   - current or thematic;
   - final;
   - school-wide and cool.
  The subject of parent-teacher meetings is determined by the class teacher based on the study of the goals and objectives of the school’s work with parents and based on the requests of the class’s parents.
  Parent universities are an interesting and productive way of working with parents. The purpose of parent universities at school is the psychological and pedagogical education of parents. Education of parents is aimed at equipping them with the basics of pedagogical and psychological culture, at getting to know relevant issues of education. The most effective are parent universities, classes in which are held in parallel classes. This makes it possible to invite the most interested audience to the university occupation, which is united by a common problem and the same age characteristics. Specialists who hold a meeting are easier to navigate in matters of parents, can prepare for them in advance.
  Forms of classes at the parent university can be very diverse: conferences, an hour of questions and answers on a relevant topic, lectures, workshops, parent rings.
  The conference is a form of pedagogical education, providing for the expansion, deepening and consolidation of knowledge about the education of children.
Conferences can be: scientific, practical, theoretical, readers, exchange of experience, conferences of mothers, fathers. Conferences are held once a year, they require careful preparation and provide for the active participation of parents. For them usually prepare exhibitions of student works, books for parents, amateur concerts. The topics of the conferences should be specific, for example: “Playing in the life of a child”, “Moral education of adolescents in the family”, etc. The conference usually opens with the opening address of the school principal (if it is a school-wide conference) or the class teacher (if it is cool). Parents make brief, pre-prepared messages about their experience of family education. There may be three or four such messages. Then the floor is given to all comers. The results of the leading conference.
  A lecture is a form of psychological and pedagogical education, revealing the essence of a particular problem of education. When preparing a lecture, its structure and logic should be taken into account; a plan can be drawn up with an indication of the main ideas, thoughts, facts and figures. One of the necessary conditions for lectures is a reliance on the experience of family education. The method of communication during the lecture is a casual conversation, intimate conversation, a dialogue of interested like-minded people.
  The topic of lectures should be diverse, interesting and relevant for parents, for example: “Age characteristics of younger adolescents”, “Schoolchildren’s day regimen”, “What is self-education?”, “Individual approach and taking into account age characteristics of adolescents in family education”, “Sex education children in the family ”, etc.
  A workshop is a form of developing parents' pedagogical skills in raising children, effectively solving arising pedagogical situations, a kind of training of pedagogical thinking of parents-educators. In the course of the pedagogical workshop, the teacher suggests finding a way out of any conflict situation that may develop in the relationship between parents and children, parents and the school, explaining their position in this or that alleged or real situation.
Pedagogical discussion (debate) is one of the most interesting forms of enhancing pedagogical culture. A distinctive feature of the dispute is that it allows you to engage all those present in the discussion of the problems posed, contributes to the development of the ability to comprehensively analyze facts and phenomena, based on acquired skills and experience. The success of the debate depends largely on its preparation. In about a month, participants should get acquainted with the topic of the future debate, basic issues, and literature. The most important part of the debate is the dispute. Much of this determines the behavior of the leader (it may be a teacher or one of the parents). It is necessary to establish the rules in advance, listen to all the speeches, propose, argue your position, summarize at the end of the dispute, draw conclusions. The main principle of the debate is respect for the position and opinion of any participant. Any disputed problem of family and school education can serve as a topic of debate, for example: “Private school - for and against”, “Choosing a profession - whose business is this?”.
  Role-playing games are a form of collective creative activity to study the level of formation of the pedagogical skills of participants. Examples of role-playing games with parents can be: “Parents and children”, “The child came from school”, etc. The methodology of role-playing involves determining the topic, the composition of the participants, the distribution of roles between them, a preliminary discussion of possible positions and behaviors of game participants. In this case, it is important to lose several options (positive and negative) for the behavior of the participants in the game and, through joint discussion, choose the optimal method of action for this situation.
  Another form of cooperation with parents is training.
Parental trainings are an active form of work with those parents who are aware of problematic situations in the family, want to change their interaction with their own child, make them more open and trustful, and understand the need to acquire new knowledge and skills in raising their own child. Trainings as a form of correction of relationships between children and parents are administered by a school psychologist. The class teacher talks with students and their parents and suggests taking part in the training. The participation of children and parents in joint training is possible only on a voluntary basis. Training sessions for children and their parents allow us to build relationships in a new way, contribute to understanding the interests and needs of children and the requirements of parents.
  Parent rings - are prepared in the form of answers to the most pressing questions of pedagogical and psychological science. Questions are chosen by the parents themselves. The list of problematic questions for participating in the ring parents receive at the first parent meeting. During the ring, two or more families are controversial on the same issue. They may have different positions, different opinions. The rest of the audience does not enter into controversy, but only supports the opinion of families with applause. Experts in the parent rings can be young teachers working in the school. The last word in the ring remains with the specialists who need to be invited to participate in the meeting, or with the class leader, who can bring good arguments from the life of the class team in defense of a certain position. The topics of parent rings can be very diverse:
  “Bad habits: heredity or the influence of society?”
  “What do you do if your child has problems with discipline?
  "What if Dad is not interested in raising his own child?"
  Pros and Cons of school uniform.
  “The difficulties of the school lesson. What do they consist of? ”
  Summing up the above, it should be noted that only in the process of interaction between teachers and parents can the problem of developing the personality of the child be successfully solved, but, using any educational technology, it is necessary to remember the commandment: "First of all, do no harm."

III. The practical part is the work of the round table.
  Exercise Interview.
  Work time: 5 minutes.
Participants are asked to think and answer the question - “What forms of working with your family do you prefer in your professional activity?” Within one minute. The opinion of each of those present is heard. At the end of the exercise, a conclusion is drawn about the frequency of using certain forms and methods of interaction with students' parents.
  Exercise "Exchange of views."
  Operating time: 7 minutes.
  The task of the participants within two minutes on small pieces of paper to try to formulate the topic of current (problem) issues and topics used in working with parents of students. After that, those present share their opinions. At the end of the discussion, a list of the most “popular and topical” topics is recorded on the board (flip chart).
  Exercise Three Visions.
  Operating time: 15 minutes.
  All participants are divided into three groups and within five minutes create a joint project of vision of one stated problem from three different angles.
  The topic of discussion is effective forms of working with the family from a position:
  - close cooperation of the psychologist with the class teacher;
  - close cooperation of a psychologist with a social educator;
  - close cooperation of the psychologist with the administrative building.
  At the end of time, representatives of each group will present their own projects. At the end of the work, a conclusion is drawn about the acceptable forms of work of a teacher-psychologist with the child-parent contingent and about the “falling” directions in the activity of the psychological service.

V. The ritual of farewell.
  Operating time: 2 minutes.
  The host thanks all those present for their active and creative participation.

Bibliography:
  1. Belchikov Y.M., Birshtein M.M. Business games. Riga, 1989.
  2. Vygotsky L.S., Luria A.R. Studies on the history of behavior. M., 1993.
  3. Derekleeva N.I. Parent meetings. M., 2005.
  4. Assistance to parents in raising children / Transl. from English; Ed. V.Ya. Pilipovsky. M., 1991.
  5. Rogov E.I. Handbook of a practical psychologist in education. M., 1995.

3 .4.   "ROUND TABLE"

The methodology of the round-table discussion is built, as is known, on the basis of the principle of collective discussion of the problem. This form of conducting a seminar lesson attracts, first of all, in that it gives everyone the opportunity to present their views on an equal footing. It is important to create a welcoming atmosphere. The respectful attitude of the teacher towards students and students towards each other is a very important condition for the success of the round-table discussion. So, a round-table discussion, by its nature, requires strict adherence to the principles of equality and democracy.

Principle of equality   means the absence of any privileges for some participants in the conversation over others, the rejection of any kind of subordination between the participants. Nobody dominates, in an argument all are equal.

Compliance the principle of democracy   should exclude at the round-table meetings any manifestations of authoritarianism, a crackdown on criticism, and the imposition of one's own views and beliefs. Any forms of prohibitions, as well as conformal relations with students, are unacceptable.

It is very important for the teacher to ensure that the conversation is not scholastic in nature. The main and most difficult task is the ability to connect evidence and conviction   during the discussion.

A round-table discussion can be presented in a simplified form as a chain consisting of a staged thesis in the form of a question, its evidence, possible and real counterarguments, their refutation, and the transformation of the thesis from the discussion into persuading participants.

When preparing for a seminar in the form of a "round table", the teacher should think about the wording of the topic, filling it with content that is not only theoretical, but also practical, and also affects the interests of students and excites them.

Round Table Preparation "requires serious work of all future participants in the conversation.

The organizing function of the teacher is very important. The discussion needs to be managed. Teacher   thinks out the logic of presentation, outlines key issues, the sequence of their consideration, selects a leader. It should be the most prepared student, who enjoys great authority in the group.

Presenterthe most responsible role is assigned. He, as a conductor, directs the course of the dispute. He has to show consistency, firmness and integrity in order to defend his convictions, the ability to compare the points of view of all participants in the discussion and affirm the ideals of a scientific worldview in the students' minds.

Leading must study all available compulsory and additional literature, think together with the teacher of the logic of disclosing the material, the sequence of the conversation; prepare blocks of problematic questions in advance, of course, think through the answers to them, and develop a scenario for the conversation.

The teacher must advance, to orient all students to those specific problems that are planned to be discussed, to give advice on all issues that have arisen. Students study the topic according to primary sources, the most interesting monographs, and articles.

During the conversation, it is advisable to put all students at one table so that they look not in the back, but in the face of each other. This broadens the circle of participants, as if liberates the interlocutors, promotes a free exchange of views.

The next important step in the methodological work is building a conversation at the round table.

Scenario for a round-table discussion:

1) introductory part,

2) statement of problematic issues,

3) discussion on them,

4) summarizing the discussion,

5) development of recommendations or information material for subsequent use by the meeting participants.

The introductory part may consist of information on the subject of discussion, its plan, and regulations. Associated with it is the formulation of problematic and search questions. It is important to formulate them in such a way as to provoke discussion and stimulate the formulation of new questions.

In a round-table discussion, deadlocks may arise, the discussion does not flare up, the audience does not accept proposals for an exchange of views. In such cases, it is necessary to take measures to activate the participants in the conversation, but at the same time, in no case should one appeal to calls, require activity from the audience. If one problem does not "work", one can propose another one that is similar in content to the discussion.

An extremely valuable quality for overcoming deadlocks is the ability of the teacher and the leader to improvise. The ability to rebuild the plan of the conversation during the meeting, to show resourcefulness and courage in presenting acute problems, to demonstrate methodological skill in a difficult situation - means to overcome the unfavorable course of the discussion, give it dynamism, and return to the channel of a fruitful exchange of views.

The discussion ends when the possibilities of new convincing speeches are exhausted and students already have an idea of \u200b\u200bthe truth, however, an objective assessment of the positions should be made by the teacher. It is very useful to note the positive and negative points in the argumentation of both sides, to highlight the position towards which the majority is inclined. It is good when the discussion at the round table will lead the majority of participants to a consensus. However, this cannot be expected, since the discussion is designed not only to provide answers, but also to facilitate the search for truth, the process of raising new questions, and thereby stimulate the development of new problems.

The results of the meeting are summarized in a short concluding remarks by the teacher, issues for discussion in the next lesson are outlined.

Analyzing the work of the leader, one should emphasize his strengths and weaknesses (for example, bad if there was a desire to impose his opinion). Evaluation of speeches is given on the basis of the student’s general preparedness on the topic and taking into account his activity in the discussion, skill in dispute management, skill in polemics, and the ability to argue defended positions.

Usually this form of conducting a seminar contributes to the development of students' creative initiative, the formation of their independent thinking skills.

EXAMPLE TOPICS OF THE ROUND TABLES

Theme 1.    Ecological problem. The threat of global environmental disaster

Literature

Theme 2. Globalization and the interaction of civilizations

Literature:

Bell D. The Coming Post-Industrial Society. - M. 1999.

Vavilov A.M. The environmental consequences of the arms race. M. 1984

Global studies: Encyclopedia. - M., 2003.

Global problems and universal values. - M., 1990.

Global problems of civilization. - M., 1987.

Global evolutionism. Philosophical analysis. - M., 1994.

Moiseev N.N. The fate of civilization. The path of the mind. - M., 2000.

Panarin A.S. Global Political Forecasting. - M., 2000.

Toffler E. The Third Wave. - M. 1999.

Utkin A.I. Philosophy of global issues. - M., 2000.

Utkin A.I.American strategy for the XXI century. - M. 2000.

Huntington S. The Clash of Civilizations? // Polis. -1994. - No. 1.

Chumakov A.N. Metaphysics of globalization. Cultural and civilizational context. - M., 2006.

Chumakov A.N. Philosophy of global issues. - M. 1994.

Theme 3. Modern philosophical and scientific hypotheses

human origin

Literature

Adler A. Understand the nature of man. SPb., 1997.

Andreev I.L. The origin of man and humanity. M., 1988

Porshnev V.F. About the beginning of human history. - M., 1974.

Stevenson L. Ten theories about human nature. - M., 2004.

Teilhard de Chardin P. The phenomenon of man. - M., 1987.

Person. Thinkers of the past and present about his life, death and immortality. - M., 1991.

Man in the system of sciences. M., 1989.

This is a man. Anthology, Moscow: High School. 1995.

Round table   - traditional business discussion. The round table, with all its democracy, contains elements of organization and suggests the following principles:

• · There are no clearly defined positions, but there are only participants in the discussion of the controversial issue.
• · All positions are equal, and no one has the right to be higher than others.
• · The purpose of the round table is to identify ideas and opinions about the issue or controversial issue.

Based on the agreements, the round table leads to results that are new agreements.

General discussion rules:

• 1. There is no discussion without a key issue.
• 2. The round table suggests a key issue in the form of an agenda.
• 3. The key issue should be previously agreed with all interested participants in the discussion.
• 4. The nature of the discussion of the "round table" - a speech is an expression of one’s own opinion;
• 5. Criticism is practically unacceptable here, since everyone has the right to express their point of view. Criticize ideas, not individuals, criticism should be constructive, and not destructive, loyal, and not turning to the individual.

Round table - voicing problems and finding out the opinions of various parties involved in their solution. With unprofessional management, this event often leads to a "bazaar" and exacerbation of existing contradictions. Therefore, to conduct a round table, you need skills, techniques for organizing the discussion process.

It is very important. Much depends on the purpose of the round table and the severity of the problem, which is submitted for condemnation. Of course, the participants in the discussion should be, first of all, representatives of the “involved” parties. These are people and organizations that are involved in (or should, but are not concerned with) solving the problems discussed. For the discussion to be effective, it is necessary to collect the maximum possible number of speakers of different points of view, to unite all the parties involved, representatives of the public, administration, business, etc. There are rules for working with each group:

• · If invited to the round table representative of authoritythen you should not promise the rest of the participants that he will come. Firstly, he may not come. Secondly, those who are interested in this particular person, and not in the discussion, will come. The focus of the round table can be shifted.
• · If invited business representative, then it is necessary to provide for a situation with possible annoyance of participants with requests for financing certain types of activities. Another time, company representatives may refuse to participate in the discussion because of this.
• · Concerning mass mediaFirst of all, you need to decide whether to invite them or not. If the discussion is held in order to voice all the problems, try to understand each other and discuss solutions, then it might be better not to invite the media. For this kind of round table, an atmosphere of freedom and openness is needed, and the press always “fetters” people, not everything can be said in the presence of the media, knowing that this can be voiced on television or in print. As a rule, the media invite in order to convey the fact of the discussion or its results to certain organizations and / or people. Another point that matters - do you invite the media to cover the event, or participate in the discussion? This must be indicated in the invitation, otherwise the journalist will come for half an hour, collect the necessary information for the plot or article and leave.

There should be no random people at the round table. When inviting participants, one must proceed from certain criteria: the participant is related to this problem; he has something to say (possession of information, figures, facts, etc.); he is ready to solve the problem constructively. Since the round table is an event that is always limited in time, then extra people, unconstructive, "empty" conversations will "eat" time.

Preparatory stage:

• · Definition of the topic and purpose of the round table
• · Selection of participants
• · Planning the event content
• · Planning of organizational issues and the technical side of the event

The development of the content of the round table includes the definition of the name

(which will appear in all documents, press releases, etc.), goals (will also be declared everywhere), a list of participants, the need to invite media and experts. The content part determines the parameters of the discussion: on what aspects the discussion will go on (the logic of the topic), then the main information blocks are built on this. The next step is to determine the rules for organizing the discussion process: to whom and in what sequence will the word be given, the schedule of speeches, how the questions will be asked - the question-answer block can be put after each information block, or after each speech, who will be asked questions - the speaker or friend friend / all participants in the discussion. At the stage of preparing the round table, attention should be paid to the beginning of each information block - where each new block begins - with a speech, a short message on this topic, an example, or a provocative question (seed).

To get an effective discussion, it is important to choose the right one and clearly outline his areas of influence. The facilitator’s task is to help the participants effectively and constructively discuss the problem. If the facilitator has a good command of the topic and information useful for discussion, then he / she can also act as an expert. The role of the facilitator should be determined at the preparation stage and announced to those present at the very beginning of the discussion.

In the process of holding the round table, the leader should clearly adhere to his role, in no case should he use his position in order to speak for himself or give the floor to the same people, and in general, the leader should be "as small as possible." His behavior as a whole can be described as neutral, tactful, unobtrusive. The host should constantly monitor the schedule, summarize the intermediate results of the discussion, find out, summarize, ask suggestive or provocative questions if the discussion fades away, and also translate a flaming emotional discussion into a constructive way.

The main stage - conducting a round table

What does the round table start with?

• 1. The facilitator names the topic, purpose, rules of discussion, time limits for speeches. You can specify issues that will not be discussed in the framework of this event.
• 2. Then the facilitator introduces the participants or invites them to introduce themselves (this is beneficial if the facilitator is an outside person and does not know the people who are participating in the event, as well as if the participants have complex names, surnames or names of organizations).
• 3. The facilitator then calls the first discussion unit. As a rule, after this there is silence, it is necessary to give people a little time. If the discussion still does not occur, then you can ask a few additional (pre-prepared questions).

When and how to intervene in a discussion

The facilitator should intervene in the discussion in order to:

• · Stimulate discussion of the issue that you think is important (for example, "Do everyone agree with this?");
• · “Protect” part of the group that is aggressively “attacked” by another. At the same time, it is not necessary for the presenter to stand for or against one of them. It’s just that in this situation it is worth recalling that the participants in the round table have different points of view, and everyone has the right to do so. The purpose of the round table is the exchange of views, rather than bringing them "to the same denominator";
• · Include in the discussion people who would like to speak out, but cannot do this because of non-compliance with the procedure by other participants;
• · To respond to comments based on speculation, not facts ("Can you confirm this with facts?") In this case, the facilitator can provide reliable information (if he has one);
• · Find out the opinion of other participants on a question or argument ("Does everyone share this point of view?");
• · "Provoke" the discussion from a different point of view ("And if you look at the problem ...");
• · Ask additional questions in order to expand / deepen / change the topic under discussion;
• · Stimulate discussion ("How do you feel about this?". "Do you all agree with this?")
• · Remind participants of the facts that they have not yet taken into account in the discussion.

If one of the issues discussed is fundamentally important for the participants and it takes more time than originally planned, then you can change the program of the round table, but subject to the agreement of all participants.

Discussion Intervention Techniques

There are six basic methods of interfering in a discussion, the application of which depends on the specific situation.

• 1. Controlling.   The facilitator determines the course of the discussion and the time required for a particular issue. For example, "And now, let's continue the discussion ...". "On this, we can conclude the discussion of this issue ..."
• 2. Informational. The facilitator presents information that may be useful in discussing the issue. Information can be not only statistics, but also theory, trends, and practical examples.
• 3. Confrontational.The host “breaks down” stereotypes, traditional opinions, attitudes, etc.

This intervention should not look aggressive. To do this, start with the words "Why not ...?". You need to be prepared for a defensive reaction of the audience, because in this case certain values, views, beliefs of specific people are affected.

• 4. Overwhelming.   If emotions have accumulated during the discussion, then you need to remove them. The deeper the emotions, the more difficult it is to cope with them. If the facilitator has no experience managing such situations, it is best to do nothing.
• 5. Catalytic. It is used to summarize what has been said, to analyze opinions, to summarize an intermediate result, etc.
• 6. Supporting. The moderator makes it clear to the participants in the discussion that their opinion is interesting, has value for those present, and deserves attention. The danger in using this method lies in the fact that the facilitator may either appear insincere to the participants, or find himself in the position of a person who knows the “right answer”.

Summary / Interim Summary

Summing up is especially useful in that it makes it possible to check the degree of agreement between group members. If the participants do not agree with each other, then it is better to reveal this during the discussion than later in the actual activity. If the agreement reached during the discussion is not true agreement, then it is quite possible that it will not be implemented in life after the discussion.

Generalization should be done periodically at certain time intervals (they can be associated with different information blocks of the round table), especially if the discussion is designed for a long time or includes various aspects of the topic. When summarizing, you need to speak the words that the participants used, and only what you heard, without adding anything new from yourself. It is important to make sure that the group agrees on the main points that you have listed. The consent of all participants on the issues discussed should not be sought. The purpose of the round table is the exchange of opinions and when summarizing / summarizing the results, it is better to identify / state the group’s views and points of view. Even if new questions or topics arise during the discussion, you should not depart from the program. Be sure to leave enough time to complete the round table and summarize its results. If the round table is difficult to complete, participants are eager to continue the discussion, then this is a good indicator of the success of the event.

Problems that may arise during the round table, and options for solving them

1. During the discussion, too many negative opinions are expressed.

This often happens when discussing a problem that seriously affects the interests of the participants in the discussion. If such a situation arises, the facilitator should be aware that his / her authority is limited and does not include changing the point of view or beliefs of the people who are participating in the discussion. The host should only state facts, opinions, while remaining as objective as possible. He / she can also take part in the discussion and express his opinion or propose a solution to the problem, but under no circumstances should he argue with the participants or try to convince them. It is best to allow all participants to express their views. Even if the discussion threatens to develop into a stormy one. This will help to let off steam.

2. The apparent lack of knowledge / experience in the area under discussion by most participants

If such a problem arises, then the discussion cannot be constructive, the participants will easily agree with the first proposed point of view, since there are no others and, to argue, you need to know the subject. In this situation, you can interrupt the discussion and hold a small session (present information on this topic, experience or facts), and then continue the discussion.

3. Too emotional discussion of the problem.

The most important thing is to prevent a similar situation. And for this you need to follow the rules.

Tightening blocks, performances leads to fatigue, irritation. The optimal time for performances is 3-5 minutes. To the presenter for comments, remarks - maximum 2 minutes. Strict adherence to the regulations “keeps” the participants in the framework, and the change of information blocks and, accordingly, aspects and the need to adhere to them, also prevents emotions from accumulating. During the round table, the facilitator should ensure that the discussion is not monopolized, and each participant has the right to speak.

4. Not all those present participate in the discussion.

The host should carefully monitor the behavior and reaction of the participants, not allow individual participants to monopolize the discussion ("Thank you, we understand your position, and now let's listen to others ..."), allow others to speak out (this can be planned in advance, knowing the composition of the participants and contacting people in the discussion process (Among us there is a representative ..., I think he has something to say on this issue "or:" We know that the solution to this problem depends on ... I would like to hear an opinion ...).

Presenter Tips:

• · Throughout the discussion process, the facilitator should constantly monitor the content, the discussion process, and his behavior.
• · The main work of the leading round table is to ensure that participants do not leave the topic of discussion, clarify obscure issues and statements, and ensure that all participants have the opportunity to speak.
• · It is important that all participants in the discussion understand what is at stake. As a rule, people from different areas of life, with different professional and life experiences, participate in the discussion. The presenter’s task is to ensure that the statements and examples are understandable, if terminology is used, then it is familiar to everyone, etc.
• · The behavior of the host himself is important. More often than not, it sets the tone for the discussion.
• · In addition to the actual discussion process, the facilitator should control the behavior and mood of the audience.
• o If participants start to “fidget”, whisper, flip through papers, etc. - these are signs that they are not interested.
• o If there is silence, then you need to understand what it means - reflection, bewilderment, or people are just tired, and they do not want to speak out.
• o When participants look at the presenter, this means that they are interested and have good contact. If not, you need to urgently do something.
• o How do participants look at each other when they engage in dialogue? If you do not look away, this is an indicator of good contact and normal conditions.
• o Poses of interested people - leaning a little forward, towards the interlocutor or facilitator. Everyone knows the postures and facial expressions of irritated or disinterested people.

The technical side of the round table

The room should be bright and spacious (in a stuffy room people get tired faster, and this is one of the reasons for negative emotions). There are two options for placing people: in a circle (less formal), in the form of a closed or open square. There should be water on the tables. Before each participant - signs indicating the names, names, positions and organizations that they represent. A round-table program and materials to be used in the discussion should be distributed to each participant. Media should receive press packages. If possible, discussion pens and notebooks are provided. Sometimes the results of the discussion by the organizers are recorded using a voice recorder. This allows you to include citations in the press release or the final document based on the results of the round table.

The idea of \u200b\u200b“round tables” consists in a meeting of like-minded people seeking to find a common solution to a specific issue in the format of a given topic, as well as in the opportunity for everyone to enter into a discussion or debate on issues of interest. Discussion of the problem, exchange of opinions, valuable experience, establishing close contacts, searching for additional opportunities and discussion when discussing special, “hot” issues gives the round table dynamism and eccentricity.

The purpose of the round table is to reveal a wide range of opinions on the problem chosen for discussion from different points of view, to discuss obscure and controversial issues related to this problem, and to reach consensus. The task of the “round table” is to mobilize and activate the participants to solve specific urgent problems, therefore the “round table” has specific features:

1. The information is personalized (the participants during the discussion do not express a general, but a personal point of view. It can arise spontaneously and cannot be accurately formulated to the end. Such information should be treated with particular thoughtfulness, choosing valuable and realistic particles, comparing them with the opinions of other participants (disputants)). 2. The polyphonic nature of the “round table” (during the “round table” business noise and polyphony can reign, which corresponds to the atmosphere of emotional interest and intellectual creativity. But this is what makes the work of the moderator and participants difficult. Among this polyphony, the moderator needs to “catch on” "For the main thing, to give everyone the opportunity to speak out and continue to support this background, since it is this feature of the round table). Features of the round table

Round table topics Let's remove those that are unsuitable for the round table Raising old-age pensions. The poet and singer Vysotsky is a phenomenon of the Soviet era. Library design activities as a way to create a positive image. And courage as a banner carried

4. preparation of the scenario (holding a “round table” according to a pre-planned scenario avoids spontaneity and randomness in the work of the “round table”). The scenario assumes: - definition of the conceptual apparatus (thesaurus); - a brief informative opening speech by the moderator, in which the topic and the range of problems addressed within it are announced, the context of the desired discussion; - a list of discussion questions (up to 15 wordings); - development of “homework” of answers, sometimes contradictory and extraordinary, using a representative sample of information; - closing speech of the moderator;

II stage. The discussion includes: 1. the moderator’s speeches, which defines the problems and the conceptual apparatus (thesaurus), establishes the rules, rules of the general technology of the lesson in the form of a “round table” and informs about the general rules of communication.

The general rules of communication include recommendations: - Avoid common phrases; - focus on the goal (task); - be able to listen; - be active in the conversation; - be brief; - carry out constructive criticism; - Do not allow offensive remarks to the interlocutor. (the leader should act in a directive way, strictly restricting the time of the participants of the round table) 2. conducting an “information attack”: the participants speak out in a certain order, using convincing facts to illustrate the current state of the problem.

3. speeches of the debaters and the identification of existing opinions on the issues raised, focusing on original ideas. In order to maintain the intensity of the discussion, it is recommended that additional questions be formulated. 4. answers to discussion questions; 5. Summing up by the moderator of mini-results on speeches and discussions: formulating the main conclusions about the causes and nature of the disagreements on the problem under study, ways to overcome them, and on a system of measures to solve this problem.

Round Table Scenarios Conflict. I am in a conflict situation. Parental love and styles of parental behavior; Youth participation in the activities of political parties at the local level; Woman and family; rights and obligations “Housing Ecology. Human Ecology »The choice is ours