When to apply phosphorus potash fertilizers. What fertilizers are considered phosphorus-potash - varieties with names

Why is it important to use mineral fertilizers in practical farming? Experienced farmers will answer this question - because they favorably change the soil chemical composition to the point where it will have a beneficial effect on the growth, development and productivity of plants. Often, gardeners or gardeners have another dilemma - which of the variety of agrochemical compositions to choose for the prosperity of their garden? Because now to buy fertilizer is not a problem, but in order to make the right choice, you need to familiarize yourself with its composition and purpose.

An important role in the process of growth and fruiting of plants is played by phosphorus-potassium preparations. The main elements of them, as the name implies - phosphorus and potassium - are substances that, when used correctly and correctly, have extremely positive effects on crops. There are only drugs of the mineral or potassium group, or nitrogen. It is clear that they are named according to the predominance of one or another element in them. They are used from the time of planting, until the fruit ripening period. So, at the time of planting or growth period, nitrogen is used, from inflorescences, to fruiting - phosphoric and potash.

Competent farmers, understanding that at different times, plants need different elements, as they do, they distinguish substances synchronously with the periods of growth. But complex chemicals also exist and are popular, which also find their field of application. These are fertilizers, which simultaneously contain two or three substances. They are applied either dry or diluted with water directly into the soil.

Types, compositions of agrochemicals

Consider some types of potash preparations to understand the purpose of their use, features, benefits of such additives.

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For example, there is such a complex agrochemical as Autumn. It contains eighteen percent of potassium, five percent of phosphates, eight calcium, then a little bit of magnesium, boron. Experts advise using it in a garden or garden, as well as for ornamental crops during the autumn digging, and in the spring, preferably with a nitrogen-containing preparation. Also, this composition can be applied during flowering and fruiting of plants, each time hilling and loosening the ground, followed by watering. In September, at the end of the growing season, to allow plants to successfully winter, this complex fertilizer is also used.

A number of agrochemicals, containing in their name a part -phos-, contain phosphorus, and besides it, also other useful elements. This, for example, nitrophoska, which in equal proportions - twelve percent - includes phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen in an easily digestible form, which allows each element to quickly get to parts of plants. Farmers are advised to use nitrophos in early spring before sowing seeds during the summer. It is available in the form of grayish-pink granules. As an addition to potash mineral fertilizing.

Nitroammophosk contains seventeen percent of phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen, a little sulfur. This composition is recommended to be used, as the main one in the spring during planting, for top dressing in the summer on any soil.

Nitrophos in the composition of sixteen percent of phosphorus, eleven calcium and six nitrogen is useful for feeding many garden flowers. And literally for all colors, a diammofoska will be useful, which includes twenty-six percent of potassium, phosphorus, ten of nitrogen, then a little sulfur, calcium, zinc, magnesium, iron.

A novelty of agrochemical production is phosphorus - potassium fertilizer "AVA".
  It dissolves at the roots and penetrates into them. It contains phosphorus, potassium, and nine more chemical elements useful for the growth and development of plants. “AVA” is used before sowing seeds, and in several ways: you can water the earth with an aqueous solution, mix with seeds, soak them in an aqueous solution of the drug.

Features of the use of wood ash

These feedings are products of the chemical industry. If this phrase is somewhat worrying, and it is better to prefer natural products, then you can use wood ash. It contains a variety of substances useful for all cultures, as well as potassium and phosphorus, as well as calcium. In addition, they contain manganese, boron, magnesium, molybdenum, iron and others, with the exception of nitrogen.

From ancient times ash was widely used by peasants in vegetable gardens or fields. Many modern gardeners and gardeners are convinced that it successfully replaces any, even the most balanced, modern phosphorus-potassium fertilizer. Because it is used as the main fertilizing compound, and as top dressing, and even as a means of controlling pests that are harmless to people.

But, of course, there are features of the use of this organic product. So, ash contributes to the deoxidation of soils, is incompatible with mineral phosphorus, nitrogen compounds, it is not necessary to add it at the same time, as well as humus, it is better to distinguish these applications by season.

Agrochemical Safety

It is worth remembering that mineral fertilizers are chemical compounds, so treat them with extreme caution. Never let them get into your mouth, nose, eyes, of course, do not swallow, work with them with a mask and gloves if they are granular and not loose. Be sure to sign their names, composition, if for some reason the chemicals are left unpacked, especially when it comes to fertilizers such as potash.

Do not ignore the storage rules indicated on the packages. Protect the preparations from moisture and water, since most of them are water-soluble, and the gardener needs this immediately before use. If, however, the chemicals are damp, dry them in the sun, sprinkling them with a thin layer on a plastic film. If they were caked during storage, then before use it is better to crush them, and then sift through a sieve. During this procedure, do not forget about gloves, a mask.

Fertilizers composed of phosphorus and potassium

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Our body needs regular intake of many minerals from the outside. When a vital macro- or microelement is missing, a person develops a painful condition. But how to recognize what exactly the body lacks? How to fill this deficiency in your diet? Last time it was about, now let's talk about two more important macrocells - phosphorus and potassium.

Phosphorus: second after calcium

Life cannot exist without phosphorus; it is necessary for both microorganisms and highly organized living things - animals and humans. It participates in almost all chemical processes of the body - in the exchange of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, in the activity of the brain and the cardiovascular system, in the formation of a number of hormones and enzymes, in the construction of all cellular elements of the body, and is included in the structure of the skeleton. Most of the phosphorus (about 85%) is found in bone tissue - together with calcium, it provides the strength of the skeleton. According to the content in the human body, this is the second element after calcium - it accounts for 1-1.5% of body weight.

The most important functions of phosphorus

- Growth and maintenance of the integrity of bone tissue and teeth.
- Participation in catabolic and anabolic reactions (decay and synthesis of various substances). Particularly important are phosphorus-containing coenzymes - low molecular weight non-protein substances that act as part of enzymes. Each coenzyme performs a specific function in the cell, necessary for the implementation of the most important biochemical processes.
- Participation in the synthesis of phospholipids. A distinctive feature of phospholipids is the ability to dissolve both in water and in fat. They are an important component of cell membranes, due to which both water- and fat-soluble nutrients can penetrate into the cell.
- Participation in the synthesis of DNA and RNA - carriers of genetic information.
In addition, phosphorus ions contained in body fluids are involved in the absorption of vitamin B, ensuring acid-base balance (maintaining a constant blood reaction), the functioning of nerves and muscles, cell division, and the transmission of hereditary traits.
Deficiency of phosphorus in the body may be secondary, associated with an imbalance of calcium and magnesium or a deficiency of vitamin C, necessary for the absorption of phosphorus in the intestine.

Symptoms of phosphorus deficiency:
Loss of appetite, weakness, development of tremor (trembling hands and feet), tingling sensation in the skin, bone pain.

About 70% of the phosphorus consumed is absorbed with food on average. Its main sources are cheese, liver, yeast, beef, nuts, eggs, fish, legumes, oatmeal, and wheat.

The daily requirement for phosphorus in an adult is 800 mg; in children: 2-6 years - 800 mg, 10-12 years - 1200 mg; in pregnant and lactating women - 1500 mg. It is absorbed by the body in the form of inorganic phosphates. Due to the prevalence of phosphate in nature, an ordinary adult daily diet contains more phosphorus than is required. Therefore, cases of insufficient intake of this macronutrient with food are rare. But nutritionists pay attention to the fact that it is important to ensure the right combination in the diet of calcium and phosphorus (see table).
It is noticed that if the body is deficient in calcium, then, as a rule, an excess of phosphorus is detected, and vice versa. Studies have established that the daily rate of phosphorus supplied with food is identical to the rate of calcium (1: 1), that is, food should contain the same amounts by weight of phosphorus and calcium (the exception is the norm for infants, for whom the most optimal ratio of calcium to phosphorus is considered 2: 1).

Potassium Deficiency Symptoms:
Fatigue, insomnia, depression, muscle weakness, swelling, acne, constipation, stunted growth, high cholesterol, dry skin, palpitations, sometimes cramps in the legs.

Impaired phosphorus uptake can lead to both hypophosphatemia (deficiency of P in the blood) and hyperphosphatemia (excess of P in the blood). Both are determined by a blood test when the corresponding symptoms appear.
Because of an excess of phosphorus, convulsions sometimes appear - in the case when the calcium content in the body decreases simultaneously. This violation can be associated with renal failure, and in children it is often explained by malnutrition (to restore balance, as much vegetables as possible should be included in the children's diet).

The ratio of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) in products (mg / 100 g)

Phosphorus deficiency affects the condition of the bone and nervous systems. It is a consequence of chronic alcoholism, prolonged use of antacids (lowering the acidity of gastric juice), renal failure.

Potassium for the heart
As calcium is indispensable for bones and teeth, so potassium is especially necessary for all soft tissues - vessels, muscles (including heart), as well as the brain, liver, kidneys, nerves, and endocrine glands. The daily norm of this macrocell is 2 mg.
Potassium competes with sodium in the body, and the water-salt balance depends on their ratio. If it is disturbed, the functions of nerves and muscles suffer, the heart rhythm is disturbed, and blood pressure rises.

Potassium deficiency:
Long or single, but in large doses, the use of diuretics (drugs that remove water, including diets for weight loss), hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), prolonged or severe diarrhea.

Healing drink
To maintain a sufficient level of potassium in the blood, you can prepare yourself a daily drink with raisins and dried apricots. For infusion, it is enough to take 5-6 pcs. raisins and 2-3 pcs. dried apricots. Pour them with a glass of hot water and let it brew for 30 minutes. Then add 1 teaspoon of apple cider vinegar. You can sweeten the infusion with honey, which contains many minerals, including calcium, magnesium, phosphorus. Drink this drink in small sips throughout the day.

The main functions of potassium
- Preservation of the normal state of cell walls, which is achieved, first of all, due to harmonious balance with sodium.
- Maintaining the concentration of magnesium necessary for the heart: if one of these minerals in the blood is low, the level of the other is likely to be low.
With a low level of potassium, there is a greater risk of arrhythmia, heart failure, heart attack, and stroke. The level of potassium in the blood allows you to accurately predict the likelihood of heart rhythm disturbances.
Potassium salts help to remove excess water from the body, help get rid of edema, and are used in the treatment of ascites (accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity).

What are the main varieties of potash-phosphorus fertilizers and what are their names?

Without the introduction of various dressings, a full-fledged growth of a single plant culture is impossible.

In order to ensure high productivity or abundant flowering, plants should be regularly fed.

Application and meaning

The value of mineral fertilizing or fat in agriculture cannot be overestimated. In almost every period of plant growth, various top dressings are necessary.

Especially during the period of growth, flowering and fruiting. It is also important to feed crops before winter. When using potassium-phosphorus top dressing, it is possible to ensure that plants receive all the necessary nutrients.

All types of fat are divided into two types:

• unilateral;
• multilateral.

Various studies of breeders have shown that the application of mineral tuks favorably affects primarily the growth and yield of fruit and vegetable and ornamental crops.

Regular top dressing also contributes to the fact that plants are less likely to undergo diseases and the spread of various insects. It is also necessary to feed decorative crops to ensure abundant and lush flowering.

Names and Benefits

There are three main subgroups of phosphate top dressing:

• water soluble;
• lemon and citrate soluble;
• sparingly soluble.

Water soluble fat is considered universal and can be used on almost any soil.  This group includes superphosphates. Top dressing is used to create a breeding ground for crops. Increases resistance to frost, helps develop their own immunity in plants.

It is important to know:  the second group is also considered universal. They can be used for any garden and vegetable crops and on any land.

Poorly soluble phosphorus fat is especially beneficial for cucumbers. Fertilizer reduces soil acidity, improves the basic indicators of plant development.

Benefits of potash fat:

• The oxidation process in plant cells is faster;
• Cell metabolism increases;
• The lack of moisture is more easily tolerated;
• There is an acceleration of photosynthesis;
• Increases resistance to the development of diseases and the appearance of insects;
• Crops adapt faster to low temperatures.

Tip:  the most popular potash fertilizers are cement dust, baked ash, potassium nitrate, nitrofoska, potassium sulfate, kilemagnesia.

Vegetables, fruits and berries that prefer potash fertilizers include peas, melon, pepper, radish, tomatoes, currants, apple trees, cherries, gooseberries, radishes. Vegetables are recommended to be regularly fed with a weakly concentrated solution throughout the entire growth period.

Garden plants can be fed twice - in the first half of summer, when crops actively increase green mass and in the second half during the period of fruit formation.

Complex bait for plants

These bait potash or, for example, potassium phosphorus fat. The composition should include more than two active components.

Important: as a rule, they include nitrophosk, nitrate, nitromofosk and ash.

Nitrofoska as well as nitromofoska contains three active varieties of fat. The basis is potassium, its content is more than 50%. Nitrophosk contains a small amount of phosphorus.

Ammonophosk can be attributed to double tuks. It contains a small amount of nitrogen and a high phosphorus content. Use on acidic or alkaline soils is not advisable. It is applied to the soil either in liquid or dry form.

Without the use of mineral bait, it is impossible to do without a single gardener. Thanks to fat, you can significantly increase the yield, as well as increase your own immunity of vegetables and berries.

For more information on phosphorus-potassium fertilizers, see the following video: