Leo Tolstoy - All the best for children (collection). Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy

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Jackdaw and jug

Galka wanted to drink. There was a jug of water in the yard, and the jug only had water at the bottom.
Jackdaw could not be reached.
She began to throw pebbles into the jug and threw so many that the water became higher and it was possible to drink.

Rats and eggs

Two rats found an egg. They wanted to share it and eat it; but they see a crow flying and wants to take the egg.
The rats began to think how to steal an egg from a crow. Carry? - do not grab; roll? - can be broken.
And the rats decided this: one lay on its back, grabbed the egg with its paws, and the other drove it by the tail, and, like on a sleigh, dragged the egg under the floor.

bug

Bug was carrying a bone across the bridge. Look, her shadow is in the water.
It came to the mind of the Bug that there was not a shadow in the water, but a Bug and a bone.
She let her bone in to take that one. She didn’t take that one, but her own went to the bottom.

wolf and goat

The wolf sees that the goat is grazing on a stone mountain and it is impossible for him to get close to her; he said to her: “You should go down: here the place is more even, and the grass for food is much sweeter for you.”
And the Goat says: “That’s not why you, wolf, are calling me down: you are not about mine, but about your fodder.”

monkey and pea

(Fable)
The monkey was carrying two full handfuls of peas. One pea jumped out; the monkey wanted to pick it up and spilled twenty peas.
She rushed to pick it up and spilled everything. Then she got angry, scattered all the peas and ran away.

Mouse, cat and rooster

The mouse went for a walk. She walked around the yard and came back to her mother.
“Well, mother, I saw two animals. One is scary and the other is kind.
The mother said: "Tell me, what kind of animals are these?"
The mouse said: “One scary one, walks around the yard like this: his legs are black, his crest is red, his eyes are protruding, and his nose is hooked. When I walked by, he opened his mouth, lifted his leg and began to scream so loudly that I didn’t know where to go from fear!
"It's a rooster," said the old mouse. He does no harm to anyone, do not be afraid of him. Well, what about the other animal?
The other lay in the sun and warmed himself. His neck is white, his legs are gray, smooth, he licks his white breast and moves his tail a little, looks at me.
The old mouse said: “You are a fool, you are a fool. It's a cat after all."

Lion and mouse

(Fable)

Then the hunters caught the lion and tied it to a tree with a rope. The mouse heard the lion's roar, ran, gnawed through the rope and said: “Remember, you laughed, you didn’t think that I could do good to you, but now you see, sometimes good comes from a mouse.”

Varya and siskin

Varya had a siskin. Chizh lived in a cage and never sang.
Varya came to the chizh. - "It's time for you, siskin, to sing."
- "Let me go free, I will sing all day long."

old man and apple trees

The old man was planting apple trees. They told him: “Why do you need apple trees? It is a long time to wait for fruit from these apple trees, and you will not eat apples from them. The old man said: "I will not eat, others will eat, they will thank me."

Old grandfather and granddaughter

(Fable)
The grandfather became very old. His legs could not walk, his eyes could not see, his ears could not hear, he had no teeth. And when he ate, it flowed back from his mouth. The son and daughter-in-law stopped putting him at the table, and let him dine at the stove. They took him down once to dine in a cup. He wanted to move it, but he dropped it and broke it. The daughter-in-law began to scold the old man for spoiling everything in the house and breaking cups, and said that now she would give him dinner in the pelvis. The old man just sighed and said nothing. Once a husband and wife sit at home and look - their little son plays planks on the floor - something works out. The father asked: “What are you doing, Misha?” And Misha said: “It’s me, father, I’m doing the pelvis. When you and your mother are old, to feed you from this pelvis.

Husband and wife looked at each other and wept. They felt ashamed that they had offended the old man so much; and from then on they began to put him at the table and look after him.

MUNICIPAL BUDGET PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL

INSTITUTION KINDERGARTEN COMBINED

VIEW No. 5 "OAK" OF THE STATION OF ARKHANGELSKAYA

MUNICIPALITY

TIKHORETSKY DISTRICT

GCD for children

senior group

Topic:"Let's talk about kindness."

Prepared by:

educator MBDOU No. 5 "Dubok"

Art. Arkhangelsk

Ushakova O. A.

Topic: "LET'S TALK ABOUT KINDNESS"

Target: generalize children's ideas about kindness and emotional states that correspond to this concept, cause the desire to do good deeds; teach to transmit emotional condition a person with the help of facial expressions, speech, drawing, to form a positive image of his "I".

Children, look at your hands! Boys are big and strong. Girls are gentle and affectionate. We love our hands, because they can do anything: hug and lift a fallen comrade, give food to hungry birds, and beautifully set the table.

Why do you, Andrei, love your hands?

Katya, do you love your hands?

What a miracle-miracles: One hand and two hands! Here is the palm of the right, Here is the palm of the left! And I'll tell you not melting - Everyone needs hands, friends. Strong hands will not rush into a fight, Kind hands will stroke the dog, smart hands know how to heal, sensitive hands know how to make friends.

Take the hand of the one who is sitting next to you, feel the warmth of the hands of your friends, who will be good helpers to you.

The teacher offers to play the game "Guess the mood from the picture." To do this, the children exhibit their drawings depicting a girl who found her bow, and a boy angry with his friend.

Questions:

What is the boy's mood?

Does he look angry?

How do you know he's angry?

What is the girl's mood?

Why is the girl in a good mood?

And how did you determine that the girl has a cheerful mood? - And how do you feel you?

Exercise "Help the wizard."

The teacher draws the attention of the children to the fact that the evil wizard is in a difficult situation, and he needs help. Today the magician read two poems that are very familiar to children - about toys with which he sometimes likes to play.

1) The hostess abandoned the Bunny - Bunny remained in the rain, Could not get off the bench. Wet to the skin.

2) They dropped Mishka on the floor, Tore off Mishka's paw - I won't leave him anyway, Because he's good.

(A. Barto)

The wizard has pictures of three girls. He wanted to figure out which of the girls left Bunny, which one tore off Mishka's paw, and which one is very sorry for both Mishka and Bunny:

How can I find out, because it is not drawn what they do!

The adult offers to look at the photos of the girls and help the wizard.

(Demonstration of three portraits of girls with different facial expressions: angry, indifferent and kind.)

Look, who is this girl? (Indifferent, indifferent.)

- What is her face like? What did this girl do?

Children compare the facial expressions of girls with their actions:

I started playing with Bunny in the garden, but quickly forgot about him and left him in the rain.

And this girl loves to fight, offend others, she tore off Mishka's paw and threw him right there on the floor.

And this girl is kind - she pities everyone.

Exercise "Get out of trouble." An adult invites the children to think about how they would help Bunny and Mishka out of trouble.

Children make up stories that are played out with toys. The adult draws their attention to the expression on the face of the evil wizard: it has changed and become kind. (The angry face is replaced with an appropriate one.) The wizard thanks the children for helping out his favorite toys out of trouble, and says that he also wants to do something nice for them.

Fairy-tale music sounds, and the wizard gives the children a fairy tale about birds:

Tale of the birds

A long time ago, in ancient times, birds lived in the Everlasting Forest. They were visible and invisible. In every hollow, on every branch of fabulous trees and bushes, they sat and sang. There were countless trees in that forest. Amazingly beautiful songs were sung by forest birds: ringing, whistling, trills, hubbub stood in the Eternal Forest. And it seemed that the birds would live and rejoice. But it was not there...

Sadness and sadness settled in this forest because all the birds: thrushes, bullfinches, finches, and magpies were all black-black in color. The children also went to the Eternal Forest for mushrooms and berries, and the wanderers went their own way. They listened to the discordant choir of forest birds, but they could not distinguish them from each other. That is why sadness has settled in the Eternal Forest. It's great when someone is not like the others!

The birds got tired of living like this, and one day they turned to the most important ruler of life on Earth - the wise Sun: “O great Logos! Help us! Make our life joyful!

The Sun listened to the bird's requests and ordered his assistant, the joyful Rainbow, to descend into the Eternal Forest, sort it out and put things in order, because without Joy, what is life?! When the beautiful Rainbow appeared in the forest in her seven-colored cloak of solar streams, the birds froze in dumb amazement. And Rainbow said: "I will help you!" The birds were overjoyed and immediately all flocked to the sorceress. Rainbow took off her magical cloak, touched it with a magic wand and said: “Let these solar jets, which carry all colors in themselves, decorate your wings in your favorite color!” And at the same moment, the cloak crumbled into thousands of tiny multi-colored drops. And the rain fell on the gathered birds. Since then, birds have been enjoying their multi-colored plumage, because Rainbow gave them: bullfinches - red feathers, redstarts and finches - orange, goldfinches and orioles - yellow, greenfinches - green, and kingfishers - blue, jays - blue, pigeons and turtledoves - - purple feathers. And it became even better for birds to live in the Eternal Forest, because Joy settled there. This is such a fairy tale...

At the end of the fairy tale, the magician says to the children: - I did not notice it myself, how Joy settled in my soul. Thank you guys for helping me get rid of my anger. “If suddenly I get angry, I will try to get rid of anger as soon as possible. I remember a few good ways:

to dance a violent dance;

stomp your feet

Tell about your experiences.

Reading the story of L.N. Tolstoy "The old man planted apple trees".

The old man was planting apple trees. They told him: - Why do you need these apple trees? You will have to wait a long time for the fruits from these apple trees, and you will not eat apples from them. The old man said:

I will not eat, others will eat, they will thank me.

At the end of the story, the adult turns to the children with questions:

How can you call the act of an old man? (Kind, benevolent, cordial.)

What kind things have you done for other people?

How did the people you did good to feel? (Joy, tenderness, delight, happiness, etc.)

An adult brings children to the concept of "kindness": "Kindness is responsiveness, a friendly attitude towards people, this is all good and useful."

What can good be compared to?

(With the sun, spring rainbow, bright, beautiful flowers, mom.)

Wizards pay attention to the general mood of the group: it is very good, joyful - and offer to have fun together.

The game"Chunga-changa"

The traveler landed on his ship to the island, where all are joyful and carefree. As soon as he went ashore, he was surrounded by the inhabitants of a wonderful island - small black children. Both the boys and the girls were wearing the same colorful skirts, bracelets with bells rang on their hands, they all had round earrings in their ears, beads on their necks, beautiful feathers in their hair. With a cheerful smile, they danced around the traveler to the music of V. Shainsky "Chung-Chang" and sang:

Miracle island, miracle island, Living on it is easy and simple, Living on it is easy and simple, Chunga-Changa!..

Exercise "Draw music." Children are invited to listen to calm, soft music and "draw" it (D. Kabalevsky's waltz). Wizards give children a plate with an apple as a keepsake, which will help them in difficult situations and introduce them to new friends.

I planted two hundred young apple trees, and for three years in spring and autumn I dug them in, and wrapped them in straw for winter. In the fourth year, when the snow melted, I went to look at my apple trees. They got fat in the winter; the bark on them was glossy and poured; the knots were all intact, and on all ends and on the forks sat round, like peas, flower buds. In some places, the raspukalki had already burst and the scarlet edges of the flower leaves could be seen. I knew that all the unravelings would be flowers and fruits, and I rejoiced looking at my apple trees. But when I unfolded the first apple tree, I saw that below, above the ground itself, the bark of the apple tree was gnawed all around to the very wood, like a white ring. The mice did it. I unrolled another apple tree - and the other one had the same thing. Of the two hundred apple trees, not a single one remained intact. I smeared the gnawed places with pitch and wax; but when the apple trees blossomed, their flowers immediately fell asleep. Little leaves came out - and they withered and withered. The bark was wrinkled and blackened. Of the two hundred apple trees, only nine remained. On these nine apple trees, the bark was not eaten around, but a strip of bark remained in the white ring. On these strips, in the place where the bark diverged, outgrowths became, and although the apple trees got sick, they went. The rest all disappeared, only shoots went below the gnawed places, and then they are all wild.

The bark of trees is the same veins in a person: through the veins the blood goes through a person - and through the bark the juice goes through the tree and rises into branches, leaves and flowers. It is possible to hollow out the whole inside of a tree, as is the case with old vines, but if only the bark was alive, the tree would live; but if the bark is gone, the tree is gone. If a person's veins are cut, he will die, firstly, because the blood will flow out, and secondly, because the blood will no longer flow through the body.

So the birch dries up when the guys make a hole to drink the juice, and all the juice will flow out.

So the apple trees disappeared because the mice ate the whole bark around, and the juice no longer had a way from the roots to the branches, leaves and color.

Yesterday I talked about the benefits of fairy tales for the formation of not only speech, but also the personality of a child. Both in the bb, and live, in the comments and in private messages, moms were interested in what to read to children who had already outgrown fairy tales about the kolobok, but had not grown up to The Wizard of the Emerald City.

In general, I sometimes watch an Internet arms race: “And I read the Iliad and the Odyssey to my year old!”, “And mine can listen to a dictionary of technological terms for three hours in a row!”. In fact, it is very important to select books for the child by age, which he will be able not to "sit out", but to understand and learn something useful.

The works that I will offer are rather short, but their whole point is subsequent conversation, in the ground for conversations that the read gives.

And since I'm talking about children's classics, let's start with the familiar to every Soviet child "byly" Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy.

In preschool lessons, we start with a story "The old man was planting apple trees."

Read the story.

The old man was planting apple trees.

They told him: “Why do you need these apple trees?

Long wait for the fruit from these apple trees, and you will not eat an apple from them.

The old man said! “I won’t eat, others will eat, they will thank me”.

Ask the child what the old man did? (kind, humane, generous, gratuitous).

Explain to the child the meaning of the word gratuitous, slap the word syllable by syllable.

Talk about what other good deeds you can do for other people without expecting rewards and benefits for yourself: hold the door for the one following, clear the snow in front of the house, paint the curbs and fences at the entrance, and so on.

Educational moment:

Repeat the cycle: apple-seed-sapling-apple tree-apple.

Imagination development:

Invite the child to imagine that the seedling has grown into a beautiful, strong apple tree. Ask your child to color the apple tree and draw who came to eat the ripe fruit. Hedgehog? caterpillar? birds? children? maybe the whole family had a picnic under the spreading branches?

Spend time with your child! :)

DAW AND JUG

L. N. Tolstoy

Galka wanted to drink. There was a jug of water in the yard, and the jug only had water at the bottom. Jackdaw could not be reached. She began to throw pebbles into the jug and threw so many that the water became higher and it was possible to drink.

WOLF AND GOAT

L. N. Tolstoy

The wolf sees - the goat is grazing on a stone mountain and he cannot get close to her; he said to her: “You should go down: here the place is more even, and the grass is much sweeter for you to feed.”
And the Goat says: “That’s not why you, wolf, are calling me down: you are not about mine, but about your fodder.”

RATS AND EGGS

L. N. Tolstoy

Bug

L. N. Tolstoy

Bug was carrying a bone across the bridge. Look, her shadow is in the water.
It came to the mind of the Bug that there was not a shadow in the water, but a Bug and a bone. She let her bone in to take that one. She didn’t take that one, but her own went to the bottom.

MOUSE, CAT AND COCK

L. N. Tolstoy

The mouse went for a walk. She walked around the yard and came back to her mother. "Well, mother, I saw two animals. One is terrible, and the other is kind." The mother said: "Tell me, what kind of animals are these?" The mouse said: “One scary one walks around the yard like this: his legs are black, his crest is red, his eyes are protruding, and his nose is hooked. When I walked past, he opened his mouth, raised his leg and began to scream so loudly that I was afraid I didn't know where to go!"
"It's a rooster," said the old mouse. - He does no harm to anyone, do not be afraid of him. Well, what about the other animal?
- The other lay in the sun and warmed himself. His neck is white, his legs are gray, smooth, he licks his white breast and moves his tail a little, looks at me. - The old mouse said: "You are a fool, you are a fool. After all, this is the cat itself."

MONKEY AND PEA

L. N. Tolstoy

The monkey was carrying two full handfuls of peas. One pea jumped out; the monkey wanted to pick it up and spilled twenty peas. She rushed to pick it up and spilled everything. Then she got angry, scattered all the peas and ran away.

LION AND MOUSE

L. N. Tolstoy

The lion was sleeping. The mouse ran over his body. He woke up and caught her. The mouse began to ask him to let her in; she said: "If you let me go, and I will do you good." The lion laughed that the mouse promised to do good to him, and let it go.
Then the hunters caught the lion and tied it to a tree with a rope. The mouse heard the roar of a lion, ran up, gnawed through the rope and said: “Remember, you laughed, you didn’t think that I could do you good, but now you see, sometimes good comes from a mouse.”

VARYA AND CHIZH

L. N. Tolstoy

Varya had a siskin. Chizh lived in a cage and never sang. Varya came to the chizh. - "It's time for you, siskin, to sing." - "Let me go free, I will sing all day long."

OLD MAN AND APPLE TREES

L. N. Tolstoy

The old man was planting apple trees. They told him: "Why do you need apple trees? Wait a long time for the fruit from these apple trees, and you will not eat apples from them." The old man said: "I will not eat, others will eat, they will thank me."

OLD GRANDFATHER AND GRANDSON

L. N. Tolstoy

The grandfather became very old. His legs could not walk, his eyes could not see, his ears could not hear, he had no teeth. And when he ate, it flowed back from his mouth. The son and daughter-in-law stopped putting him at the table, and let him dine at the stove. They took him down once to dine in a cup. He wanted to move it, but dropped it and broke it. The daughter-in-law began to scold the old man for spoiling everything in the house and breaking cups, and said that now she would give him dinner in the pelvis. The old man just sighed and said nothing.
Once a man and his wife sit at home and look - their son plays planks on the floor - something works out. Father asked: "What are you doing, Misha?" And Misha says: "It's me, father, I'm making a pelvis. When you and your mother will be old, to feed you from the pelvis."

"Blue Leaves"

V.A. Oseeva

Friendship story for kids

Katya had two green pencils. But Lena has none. So Lena asks Katya:

Give me a green pencil. And Katya says:

I'll ask my mom.

Both girls come to school the next day. Lena asks:

Did mom let you?

And Katya sighed and said:

Mom allowed me, but I didn’t ask my brother.

Well, ask your brother again, - says Lena.

Katya comes the next day.

Well, did your brother let you? - asks Lena.

My brother allowed me, but I'm afraid you'll break your pencil.

I'm careful, - says Lena. “Look,” Katya says, “don’t fix it, don’t press hard, don’t take it in your mouth.” Don't draw too much.

I, - says Lena, - only need to draw leaves on the trees and green grass.

This is a lot, - says Katya, and she frowns her eyebrows. And she made a disgusted face.

Lena looked at her and walked away. I didn't take a pencil. Katya was surprised, ran after her:

Well, what are you? Take it!

No, Lena replies. In class, the teacher asks:

Why do you, Lenochka, have blue leaves on the trees?

No green pencil.

Why didn't you take it from your girlfriend?

Lena is silent. And Katya blushed like a cancer and said:

I gave it to her, but she won't take it.

The teacher looked at both:

You have to give so that you can take.

"How Masha got big"

E. Permyak

Little Masha really wanted to grow up. Highly. And how to do it, she did not know. I've tried everything. And I walked in my mother's shoes. And sat in my grandmother's hood. And she did her hair, like Aunt Katya's. And tried on beads. And she put on a watch. Nothing worked. They just laughed at her and made fun of her. Once once Masha decided to sweep the floor. And swept. Yes, she swept it so well that even my mother was surprised:

Masha! Are you really getting big?

And when Masha washed the dishes clean and dry and wiped them dry, then not only mother, but also father was surprised. He was surprised and said to everyone at the table:

We did not even notice how Maria grew up with us. Not only sweeps the floor, but also washes dishes.

Now everyone calls little Masha big. And she feels like an adult, although she walks in her tiny shoes and in a short dress. No hair. Without beads. No watch. It's not like they make the little ones big.

"Good"

V.A. Oseeva

Yura woke up in the morning. Looked out the window. The sun is shining. The money is good. And the boy wanted to do something good himself.

Here he sits and thinks: "What if my sister was drowning, and I would save her!"

And my sister is right there:

Walk with me, Yura!

Go away, don't stop thinking! The sister got offended and left. And Yura thinks: "Now, if the wolves attacked the nanny, and I would shoot them!"

And the nanny is right there:

Put away the dishes, Yurochka.

Clean it yourself - I have no time!

The nurse shook her head. And Yura again thinks: "Now, if Trezorka fell into the well, and I would pull him out!"

Trezorka is right there. Tail wags: "Give me a drink, Yura!"

Go away! Don't stop thinking! Trezorka closed his mouth, climbed into the bushes.

And Yura went to his mother:

What would be good for me to do? Mom patted Yura on the head:

Take a walk with your sister, help the nanny clean the dishes, give some water to Trezor.

"Kitty"

L.N. Tolstoy

There were brother and sister - Vasya and Katya; and they had a cat. In the spring, the cat disappeared. The children looked for her everywhere, but could not find her. Once they were playing near the barn and heard someone meowing in thin voices above their heads. Vasya climbed the stairs under the roof of the barn. And Katya stood and kept asking:

Found? Found?

But Vasya did not answer her. Finally, Vasya shouted to her:

Found! Our cat... and she has kittens; so wonderful; come here soon.

Katya ran home, got milk and brought it to the cat. There were five kittens. When they grew up a little and began to crawl out from under the corner where they hatched, the children chose one kitten, gray with white paws, and brought it into the house. The mother gave away all the other kittens, and left this one to the children. The children fed him, played with him and put him to bed with them.

Once the children went to play on the road and took a kitten with them. The wind stirred the straw along the road, and the kitten played with the straw, and the children rejoiced at him. Then they found sorrel near the road, went to collect it and forgot about the kitten. Suddenly they heard someone shouting loudly:

"Back, back!" - and they saw that the hunter was galloping, and in front of him two dogs saw a kitten and wanted to grab him. And the kitten, stupid, instead of running, sat down on the ground, hunched his back and looks at the dogs. Katya was frightened by the dogs, screamed and ran away from them. And Vasya, with all his heart, set off to the kitten and, at the same time as the dogs, ran up to him. The dogs wanted to grab the kitten, but Vasya fell on the kitten with his stomach and covered it from the dogs. The hunter jumped up and drove the dogs away, and Vasya brought the kitten home and no longer took him into the field with him.

"How Wolves Teach Their Children"

Lev Tolstoy

I was walking down the road and heard a scream behind me. The shepherd boy screamed. He ran across the field and pointed at someone. I looked and saw two wolves running across the field: one is seasoned, the other is young. The young man carried a slaughtered lamb on his back, and held his leg with his teeth. The seasoned wolf ran behind. When I saw the wolves, I ran after them together with the shepherd, and we began to shout. Men with dogs came running to our cry.

As soon as the old wolf saw the dogs and the people, he ran up to the young one, grabbed the lamb from him, threw it on his back, and both wolves ran faster and disappeared from sight. Then the boy began to tell how it was: a big wolf jumped out of the ravine, grabbed the lamb, slaughtered it and carried it away.

A wolf cub ran out to meet and rushed to the lamb. The old one gave the young wolf to carry the lamb, and he himself ran lightly beside him. Only when trouble came did the old man leave his studies and take the lamb himself.