Wooden ceiling frame. Wooden ceiling and installation

Of course, not every real estate owner can afford to equip a ceiling made of wood, but such designs are gathering fans faster and faster. The choice of wooden materials is quite wide, ranging from various types of wood to cladding (bars, panels, beams, slats, boards). Exclusive wooden ceilings are considered ideal for a solid home or apartment.

Features of wooden ceilings

There are many different solutions for arranging the ceiling: aluminum, plasterboard, adhesive and tension. However, only wooden ceilings have no competitors in most indicators. Naturally, coffered wooden ceilings, which are sheathed with solid wood, look elegant and respectable, but the imitation of a bar on the ceiling looks no less aesthetically pleasing.

Wood is a very affordable and very easy-to-work material that provides excellent sound and thermal insulation and simply adds coziness to the room. Of course, some are guilty of the price of wooden ceilings. But famous designers say that today it is not wood finishing that is expensive, but only materials for processing the ceiling: primer, putty, varnish.

Many people believe that the tree is intended exclusively for cottages, country private houses and expensive restaurants, but with the right choice of finishing material, it can also be used in an apartment.

There may be a misconception that wood ceilings are only suitable for completely dry rooms (bedroom, living room, hallway), however, thanks to the latest processing technology and the correct knowledge of the installation of wooden elements, it became possible to use wood for finishing ceilings in the kitchen and in the bathroom. A wooden ceiling is often installed in the attic, in the sauna and steam bath.

At the same time, it is recommended to be able to choose the right material. When buying wood panels or planks, pay attention to which part of the wood they are made from. If the board is cut from the core of the trunk, it will crack faster. But the boards that are cut from the edge of the tree will last much longer. But if you are interested in the waterproofness of the material, then here it is just recommended to give preference to boards from the core.

Remember that the details for finishing the ceiling should not be bulky. It is necessary to choose wooden elements that are no more than 25 millimeters thick, and they are 1 meter and 6.5 meters long. When buying material for arranging the ceiling in a room with high humidity, you need to use panels that are treated from all sides, including grooves, with a special water-repellent wax, and during installation, leave small ventilation gaps between the panels.

Wooden elements

Of course, pine wood ceilings are the most popular, but more and more other types of wood have recently been used for such work. For example, in some countries, special pecky wood is used for the manufacture of wooden ceilings, which can give a ceiling made of it a special charm due to the presence of small pockmarks in it. The cladding of the wooden ceiling in the apartment is carried out using various elements, including edging, lining, and a specially processed slab.

Plywood

Plywood is a material consisting of several layers of wood that are superimposed on each other, wear-resistant and durable. It is easy to paint, process, and light tinting is able to vividly reflect the natural composition of the wood itself. And with the help of special processing solutions used as impregnation, plywood can become resistant to moisture penetration on its surface. Depending on the shape and size of plywood sheets, wooden ceilings are varied.

Cladding boards

Ceiling slabs made of wood of any valuable species are produced in a huge assortment. There are even samples on sale that are completely impregnated with wood wax. They are great for kitchen or bathroom installations because they are waterproof. Moreover, these plates are immune to dirt, do not crack or delaminate, therefore they require a minimum of your attention.

Panels

The most beautiful layer in such details is the front one, for its manufacture they take the most expensive types of wood, and the other two layers are made from more common and less expensive species - pine or spruce. The layers are bonded at the factory using the latest technology under the influence of high temperature and high pressure. The popularity of the panels is high due to their good quality, durability, spectacular appearance, speed and ease of installation, as well as ease of maintenance.

Lining

Clapboards, edged boards or finishing slabs are traditional and time-tested finishing materials that are easy to cover. Core planks are difficult to handle and often crack, but are exceptionally water-repellent. Boards from the edge of the trunk are much easier to handle and will not crack.

Wood wallpaper

When arranging the ceiling, wooden wallpapers have always been appreciated for their graceful texture and beauty. This is a rather promising innovation that has combined panels and standard wallpapers, infinitely expanding design possibilities. Veneer wallpaper usually has a thickness of up to 1.56 millimeters, they are made from valuable wood, gluing veneer on paper wallpaper. Wallpaper in sheets or rolls made of cork does not absorb odors, is easily cleaned of dirt and provides good sound insulation. But moisture intolerance and fire hazard limit the place of use of all wooden wallpaper.

Ceiling fillet

The fillet is a wood plinth. Only wooden fillets have undeniable advantages over any others: unique strength, natural color, amazing durability. They successfully emphasize the design of the wood ceiling and hide possible flaws in our work. Since they are up to 120 millimeters long, the number of joints is significantly reduced during ceiling sheathing. In addition, you can choose laminated or veneered fillets, and attach them with nails, screws with plugs, clips or "liquid" nails of your choice.

Timber imitation

Another popular option for finishing the ceiling with wood is imitation of a bar. This material has some similarities with the clapboard, judging by the photo of the wooden ceilings, and is a planed sheathing board, however wider and more massive. Consider this when creating an indoor interior!

False beams

Among the wooden elements of false ceilings, a special place is occupied by decorative false beams, which have a number of advantages over conventional structures. Lightness, simplicity of product and installation, high durability turn false beams into a popular decorative material. Inside such beams, you can hide electrical wiring, Internet wires and antennas. Electric lamps are perfectly mounted in them. With proper placement, decorative beams can optically expand the space or raise the ceiling.

Arrangement of a wooden ceiling

Before installing the suspended wood ceiling, please note that after installing all the structural elements, the height of the room will decrease by about 10-15 centimeters. Therefore, it is imperative that you make sure that this ceiling finish is suitable for the height of the walls of your house. First you need to make a wiring plan, designate the location of the lamp and other electrical appliances. Well, go ahead!

Preliminary work

To install a wooden ceiling, you will need the following materials: imitation of a bar or lining made of coniferous wood, slats 40 by 20, screws 2.5 by 25, impact dowel 6 by 60, block house lining, thick fishing line, decorative strip, varnish or paint. Before finishing the ceiling with wood, the surface must be insulated. To do this, you will need steam-waterproofing materials, pegamine or roofing felt, polyurethane foam, slab, insulation, nails, fiberboard or drywall.

The first step is to create a vapor barrier layer. To do this, select a material from the list: vapor barrier film, polymer membranes, foil insulation. Place the material of choice between the ceiling beams lengthwise, leaving an overlap at the height of the beam. Insulation materials are fixed with a construction stapler or paper clips.

After that, choose a heater: you can use mineral wool, glass wool, polystyrene, ecowool, expanded clay. After choosing, you need to lay the insulation flush with the floor beams. Cover the insulation with waterproofing material on top. Remember that ecowool does not need an additional protective film. Lay a slab shield on top of the waterproofing material - across the ceiling beams.

This method of arranging the shield helps to ensure that when repairing the roof, you will be able to move around without creating additional loads on the ceiling shield. A serious matter is the procedure for insulating the ceiling near the chimney. Of course, if your house does not have an attic, and the chimney runs through your attic.

Choose a material that is non-flammable and can withstand temperatures in the order of 200 degrees Celsius. The layer of insulating material along the perimeter of the chimney in the place where it goes to the attic should be at least 25-30 centimeters. Also place an asbestos spacer between the ceiling beams and the insulation.

If the house has an attic, then it is not necessary to insulate the ceiling, but it is advisable to put a layer of sound insulation. You can use materials at hand, such as a mixture of lime and sawdust or a layer of dry sand. Then you can start creating the lathing and sheathing of the ceiling with wood, which will not take much of your time.

Wood ceiling decoration

The technology for installing a suspended ceiling made of wood is similar to plastering the surface with plasterboard, but the material must be fastened not to an aluminum frame, but to a wooden one. Therefore, arranging a wooden ceiling with your own hands, you must first mount a wooden crate, keeping a distance of 30 centimeters between the slats.

For the manufacture of lathing, it is recommended to use a rail of 20 by 40 millimeters. Stretch thick fishing line in the middle and around the edges of the ceiling using a spirit level. The slats are attached along a stretched line without bending it. The first plank is placed close to one wall. With standard ceiling sheathing (across or along the plane), the battens must be fixed in the perpendicular direction to the board anchorage.

For planking at an acute 45 degree angle, attach the planks around the entire perimeter. For a perfectly even placement of the planks, it is recommended, along with using a level to the joists, to put pieces of boards under the fastening areas of the planks. After installing the rack frame, you can start creating the ceiling. Measure the required length of the boards and cut off the excess.

Hide the electricity lines under the clapboard. For this, it is customary to use a stranded copper wire with a power reserve that does not heat up. Places for lighting and other electrical appliances should also be designated. The timber false ceiling is attached to the ceiling panel. When decorating the ceiling with such panels, you should create a small indent from the wall of the house in a couple of millimeters, giving space for the tree to shrink and its possibility of compression-expansion.

Now we come to the main question, how to make a wooden ceiling using lining. The lining is attached to the slats with self-tapping screws. So that the self-tapping screws are not visible, they should be fixed in the lining groove. If the installation with self-tapping screws is not hidden, then it is better to scatter them over the entire surface of the ceiling.

Also, in order to make the fastening invisible and not spoil the overall impression with nail heads, the sheathing can simply be glued to the board crate with high-quality glue. Some craftsmen prefer to create a fastener using screws. If you use their decorative counterparts instead of ordinary nails, this will give the interior a kind of zest.

After installing wooden elements on the ceiling, they should be varnished or painted. If you are not satisfied with the shade of the lining and you want to change it, then you can use special dyes that preserve the natural texture of the wood and saturate the material with natural shades of oak, walnut, pine. The surface dries very quickly.

When choosing varnish for lining, try not to use glossy varnishes, because shiny ceilings tire your eyesight and are not a sign of excellent taste. After applying the first layer and completely drying the surface, it is recommended to wipe it with fine-grained sandpaper called "zero" to remove air bubbles and small lint. The procedure should be repeated 2-3 times.

You just have to think again what kind of ceiling you want to make, because the choice of wooden products is quite wide. Maybe it will be a clapboard familiar to all of us, or would you prefer wooden wallpaper? Do not forget that all kinds of panels and slabs for cladding, plywood, imitation of timber are presented on the market. In addition, you can always equip false beams on the surface, which cannot be distinguished from real ones by eye. In any case, such a ceiling will look respectable, recalling the excellent taste of the owners.

We bring to your attention 20 illustrative examples of the use of wooden ceilings in interiors (implemented and design projects), which were published on the pages of the Ideas for Your Home magazine.

1. Wooden decorative panels

Architect Alexander Gusev. Photo: Alexander Ivasenko (IVD 2/2017)

In this room, the overhead space is finished with a variety of materials. Ceiling beams are combined with cladding in the form of decorative wooden panels with built-in lamps, between which a metal mesh is stretched.

2. Floor, passing into the ceiling

Designer: Anna Dyomushkina. Photo: Evgeny Kulibaba (IVD 6/2015)

The original version: the oak parquet board passes from the floor to the wall and then partially fills. At the same time, all the ceiling lighting was built into the drywall on both sides of the wooden plane.

3. Contrasting parquet ceiling

Architect: Olga Simagina. Photo: Konstantin Smilga (IVD2 / 2017)

Not only the floor, but also part of the ceiling and walls of the living-dining room, located in a small St. Petersburg apartment, was decorated with parquet boards with wide and contrasting longitudinal stripes. In this case, light "inclusions" are associated with the rays of light emanating from the window.

4. Volumetric ceiling

Designers: Anastasia Mezenova, Larisa Gracheva. Photo: Vladimir Burtsev / TV program "Fazenda" (IVD 4/2017)

The option of using natural wood for decoration. The volumetric structure with oak paneling, which occupies part of the ceiling and wall, is based on a complex frame made of metal profiles and chipboard. The symmetry of the pattern of diamond-shaped modules, reminiscent of a bee hive, is broken in order to impart dynamics to the composition.

5. Thermal board ceiling

Architects: Tatiana Levina, Mikhail Levin. Photo: Denis Vasiliev (IVD 5/2015)

The decoration of the ceiling and walls in the area near the window is made of thermal board of a dark brown hue, which gives the room in a Moscow apartment a feeling of warmth and comfort, like in a country house.

6. Wooden ceiling in the bathroom

Architect-designer: Tatiana Zhivolupova. Visualization - Anastasia Yashchenko (IVD 1/2016)

In a damp room, the space above your head can also be trimmed with wood. For example, in this case, the lining of the ceiling continues on one of the walls and is repeated in the finish of the washbasin countertop. The rest of the surfaces are white with a glossy effect or mirrored, while the black sinks act as contrasting accents.

7. Ceiling made of artificially aged boards

Designers: Pavel and Svetlana Alekseevs. Visualization by Pavel Alekseev (IVD 4/2016)

The material for the ceiling was artificially aged boards, which were laid according to a pattern reminiscent of a playing chess field. In the space above the ceiling, there is a hidden ventilation duct that runs from the cooker hood to the ventilation duct.

8. Illuminated ceiling

Designer: Olga Podolskaya. Photo: Ivan Sorokin (IVD 1/2016)

Above the working area of the kitchen, the ledge of the ceiling beam was faced with panels veneered with tinted oak. A ventilation duct was hidden inside this "box", and a backlight was mounted in the lower plane.

9. Ceiling, partly finished with laminate

Architect: Maria Elmanova. Photo: Andrey Avdeenko (IVD 8/2015)

Ceiling decoration in this Kiev apartment has become a stylish accent in the restrained appearance of the living room. The ceiling is partially finished with laminate in a pleasant warm shade, and is lowered around the perimeter to integrate several paired light sources. The center of the wooden square was marked with a chandelier with a translucent, visually almost weightless lampshade.

10. Ceiling as a means of zoning

Architect: Marina Izmailova. Visualization of the author of the project (IVD 2/2014)

In this example, the different ceiling finishes represent the boundary between the dining and working halves of the kitchen. The ceiling in the cooking area is tiled with the same MDF panels as the furniture fronts.

11. Ceiling niche

Designer: Egle Prunskaite. Photo: Darius Gumbreavichus (IVD 8/2015)

Another example of successful zoning: covering the ceiling niche with veneered panels visually separates the seating area and watching TV from the kitchen and dining room.

12. Wooden ceiling and minimalism style

Designers: Alexey Strelyuk, Nasima Boimatova. Photo: Sergey Tomenko (IVD 5/2015)

In the interior, executed in the spirit of minimalism with elements of functionalism, the pronounced texture of wood on the ceiling is contrasted with glossy self-leveling floors and white walls.

13. Surface mounted veneer ceiling light

Architect-designer: Ilona Boleyshits, architect Igor Orlov. Visualization: Arseny Lavrukhin (IVD 11/2015)

The illumination of the children's half of the bedroom is made using a ceiling lamp made of wood veneer with cut-outs in the form of leaves, the same as that adorn the radiator screen.

14. Wooden slats as an element of decor

Designer: Nina Romanyuk. Visualization: Design Studio Ideas (IVD 5/2016)

The composition of wooden slats on the ceiling gives the interior dynamics and visually emphasizes the sleeping area.

15. Wooden grill with surface-mounted lights

Designer: Olga Alexandrova. Visualization: Archivizer (IVD 5/2016)

The ceiling is decorated with a wooden grille with overhead linear light sources, which reflects in the glossy kitchen facades, giving additional depth to the room.

16. Black wood ceiling

Architect-designer: Tatiana Zhivolupova. Visualization: Anastasia Yashchenko (IVD 1/2016)

The ceiling and one of the walls of the living room are sheathed with black decorative panels. A rather voluminous dark surface was effectively diluted with linear lamps with a compositionally verified rhythmic pattern.

17. Ceiling that visually enlarges the space

Design Studio: Zi-Design Interiors. Visualization: Created in Space (IVD 11/2016)

Another illustration of the use of wooden slats and linear fixtures under the ceiling, but this time. Thanks to this solution, as well as built-in wardrobes with mirrored fronts, the small space is doubled.

18. Wood-paneled ceiling

An unusual idea: the ceiling in the kitchen, hallway and bathroom area is sheathed with FSF wood panels, in the seams between which RGB LEDs are installed with the ability to adjust color and brightness. Thus, the ceiling resembles a geometric puzzle with a luminous web between its elements.

19. Ceiling false beams

Designers: Natalia Grishchenko, Anna Kashutina. Visualization of the authors of the project (IVD 9/2015)

In this example, false ceiling beams visually align the overall height of the studio ceiling, and also serve as the basis for fixing the fixtures.

20. Wooden beams and drywall

Chief architect of the project: Rodion Prazdnikov. Photo: Ilya Ivanov (IVD 7/2016)

The ceilings in the Moscow studio apartment were uneven, so a decoration with hidden electrical wiring was created from wooden beams, imitating box vaults.

Ceiling decoration in a wooden house can be done in different ways. A large number of options that are not available for an apartment in a private house will look very appropriate and harmonious. And this is due to the fact that the ceilings here are often higher than in apartments, and also due to the configuration of the roofs, they can have original forms, which allows you to develop an unusual design of your own.

Independent work on the ceiling sheathing in a wooden house requires certain knowledge and skills. The specifics of the work will depend on the type of ceiling. So, a hemmed beam ceiling consists of boards hemmed between the beams, between which insulation is laid, and on top they are covered with boards or plywood. The ceiling is a continuous roll-over made of logs. This design requires the preliminary manufacture of the lathing.

Wood trim

The best option for a wooden house, since this material is environmentally friendly, which allows you to maintain a favorable microclimate in the room. Wooden cladding between the beams can be made of several types - from a budget clapboard to a noble expensive solid wood. Alternatively, you can use a combination of materials, then the ceiling will be original and unique.

The ceilings in a wooden house are also trimmed with plywood. But no less popular is the finish of lumber - beech, oak, cherry, beech, ash, maple, birch, alder. Coniferous species are spruce, cedar, pine, larch, cedar, fir. They differ in texture, shade, pattern. When choosing lumber, it is important to take into account the moisture level, no more than 16% is allowed.

Lining

The lining is a board processed in a special way with a tongue and groove to simplify installation. The euro lining, in contrast to the usual one, has a higher quality and design of the lock. The peculiarity of the lining is durability, strength, good sound insulation. Due to its naturalness, the surface of the ceiling always "breathes", and the attractive price of this material makes it affordable for everyone.

Design options can be as follows:

clapboard cladding in one direction is best used for small rooms, in a large room it will look boring and monotonous;
if the lining is laid between the beams, its shade and the direction of the cladding can be changed, thus dividing the space into zones;

The solid surface of the lining ceiling can be decorated with carvings or paintings. This solution looks very sophisticated and reminds of colorful old houses.

Plywood

Although plywood is not often used for ceiling decoration, it can be used to create an interesting design, decorating a house effectively without extra costs. Plywood is distinguished by the number of glued layers and by such indicators as:

grade - construction plywood of one of 5 grades is used for facing;
moisture resistance - the parameter is especially important during the period when the house is not heated. Covering plywood with laminate increases moisture resistance;
type of wood - maple, birch, alder are most often used for the top layer of plywood, and the middle layers are most often made from conifers;
processing method - unprocessed plywood is quite suitable for a country house, for a cottage it is better to use plywood sanded on one side. Double-sided grinding is optional;
appearance - the decorative component of plywood can be made of asbestos paper, plastic, decorated with a pattern or imitation of wood.

For sheathing the ceiling with plywood, you need to immediately construct the crate from wooden beams or an aluminum profile. You can fix the plywood to the beams using self-tapping screws or nails, and then seal the joints with a decorative strip or putty.

Plywood is a practical and inexpensive material that is perfect for lining the ceiling in a private house. With plywood, you can create an individual design for any room or attic.

Veneered panels

Veneered panels are the same wood planks, only covered with veneer to create a decorative effect. After all, veneer quite successfully copes with the imitation of any type of wood, and here it's all a matter of your taste. The price of the panels is slightly higher than the cost of the lining, but the cladding options are much more varied.

A significant plus of the material is the ease of installation. Every owner can install veneered panels, even without the appropriate skills and experience. Uncomplicated installation is carried out due to the locking connection of the panels. Thus, it will take a minimum of tools and time to make the ceiling.

Wood mass

Perhaps the most prestigious type of wood finish is natural solid wood in the form of practical panels. Main material properties:

strength and durability;
high quality - depends directly on the wood species itself;
luxurious appearance;
easy and quick installation, which you can do yourself, thanks to special built-in locks.

Such panels are made from hardwoods that meet certain characteristics.

Plaster

Decorating the ceiling of a wooden house with plaster was previously very relevant. Although today it is often found in modern cottages, it is still slowly becoming a thing of the past, because the range of materials has become much wider.

The plaster is applied to a shingle mesh pre-stuffed between the beams. The durability and strength of the coating is ensured by the reliable adhesion of the mortar to the shingles and embossed mesh. Plastering the ceiling on your own without certain skills and knowledge is impossible. This is a rather laborious and complex process that requires the hand of a professional.

The advantages of plaster:

attractiveness, rich colors and the ability to create a variety of relief on the surface;
practicality and durability;
affordable price of both the material itself and plastering services. Independent work also does not require a lot of money.

The only inconvenience of such a finish in a wooden house is the need for wall insulation, which is carried out from inside the room. Thermal insulation boards are a good basis for the further installation of the reinforcing mesh. However, this technology hides valuable area, which is very undesirable if it is not very large anyway.

Drywall

Plasterboard panels are a versatile material for finishing any surfaces. With drywall, you can create a custom project with stunning designs. The option of a two-level ceiling and other intricate designs is possible.

Plasterboard is mounted on a wooden or metal frame, later can be painted, pasted over with ceiling tiles or wallpaper. You can also install false beams on slabs and mount spotlights. Plaster stucco molding looks spectacular, which goes well with the plasterboard surface.

Stretch ceiling

Suitable for installation in wooden houses. The only thing that needs to be taken into account here is one caveat - the stretch canvas is not mounted with rhinestone after the house is built, but at least after a couple of years, since every house shrinks. Stretch the canvas under the beams, due to which the height of the room can decrease. Stretch ceilings go well with plasterboard in multi-level structures, and a real professional can create a truly magnificent design, and your interior will become unique.

Plastic panels

Facing the ceiling with plastic panels in a wooden house is pretty simple. The smooth surface of the rough ceiling allows you to attach plastic panels without additional lathing. Otherwise, you will need a lathing, for example, from a wooden bar or a metal profile.

Important! The disadvantage of all artificial materials is that they do not allow air to pass through, which can cause mold to appear under the panels. Therefore, it is best to use natural materials for a wooden house.

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Installation helps to decorate the interior. The most in demand are filing wooden ceilings. The structure got its name due to the method of fixing the panels from below to the ceiling ceiling. They are installed in rooms with wooden and concrete floors.

Basic techniques

Experts identify several technologies for the manufacture of such structures. The most famous are hemmed and coffered ceilings. In the first version, lining or euro lining is used. Boards are made from linden, coniferous wood or oak. They are attached to the floor frame and the spike is connected to the groove. The design resembles a lining of the ceiling with clapboard, but instead of individual boards, whole panels are attached.

Decorative ceilings are made of shields. The constructions are covered with expensive wood veneer and have an attractive appearance. A relief hemmed ceiling is constructed from a chopped beam. A rectangular blank is split lengthwise and fixed to the frame with a smooth surface. Visible chips create a unique pattern on the ceiling.

Caisson structures are assembled from box-shaped modules, which are called caissons. Their production technology is the most complex, and the look of the finished structure is spectacular. Experts point out the following advantages of such a finish:

durability with appropriate wood care;
resistance to environmental influences;
environmental friendliness: wood and impregnations do not contain toxic substances;
high degree of sound and heat insulation;
attractiveness: experts do not recommend painting wood, it is opened with colorless varnish.

The disadvantages of the considered design are:

exposure to fungi, wood-boring beetles: wood panels must be treated with special compounds;
flammability: dry wood ignites easily, it is necessary to apply a fire-retardant mixture;
high price.

You can save on the cost of the structure if you independently complete the finishing work.

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Step-by-step instruction

Before starting the installation of a wooden ceiling, preparatory work is carried out. Since after laying the panels, the height of the room will decrease by 10-15 cm, experts recommend taking measurements in advance and making sure that the height of the walls in the room allows for such a finish.

A wiring plan will be required, on which the locations of the lighting fixtures are indicated. To install a wooden ceiling, you will need the following materials and tools:

lining made of coniferous wood or imitation of a bar;
screws 2.5x25;
slats 40x20;
block house lining;
impact dowel 6x60;
bar;
fishing line;
paints and varnishes.

Before starting finishing work, the surface is insulated using material for steam and waterproofing, assembly foam, roofing material or glassine, insulation, slab, drywall or fiberboard and nails.

The first step is to create a vapor barrier. Suitable materials for this:

Polymeric membranes.
Vapor barrier film.
Foil insulation.

The material is placed between the beams along, with an overlap to the height of the beam. Fastening is performed with a construction stapler or paper clips. The next stage is the choice of insulation. To do this, you can use glass wool, ecowool, expanded clay, mineral wool and foam. A layer of insulation is laid flush with the floor beams. A layer of waterproofing is laid on top. The use of ecowool eliminates the need for a protective film. A slab shield is laid across the beams on the waterproofing layer.

The use of such an arrangement of the shield allows, if the need to repair the roof arises, to move along it, protecting the shield from additional loads. Experts advise to insulate well the ceiling in the area of the chimney if the attic is absent and the chimney channel passes through the attic.

It is recommended to use a non-combustible material that can withstand temperatures up to 200 °. The thermal insulation layer around the entire perimeter of the chimney and at the point of its exit should be at least 25-30 cm. It is recommended to make an asbestos gasket between the insulation layer and the beams.

It is not necessary to lay a layer of insulation, if the attic is equipped, but it is recommended to make a layer of sound insulation. To do this, use dry sand or sawdust mixed with lime.

The demand for wooden ceilings has repeatedly experienced ups and downs, and if in Soviet times they were installed only in hallways, today they become an ideal addition to any room. The choice of a stylistic solution, within the framework of which wooden ceilings will be relevant, also does not cause difficulties - they will fit not only into classic, but also into modern interiors. A rich selection of finishing materials, their wide price range, as well as the use of innovative repair technologies allow installing natural wood ceilings not only in country cottages with wooden floors, but also in apartments with high ceilings. The high popularity of wooden ceilings is easy to explain, because it is not for nothing that wood is considered one of the most suitable finishing materials for living quarters. Boards and panels made of natural wood are an environmentally friendly finishing material that does not contain synthetic components such as phenols, flame retardants and formaldehydes. This is due to the conditions of use of the finishing material, implying the absence of atmospheric moisture in the living space, and therefore, the tree does not need protective coatings and synthetic impregnations. Despite the common stereotype that wood is only used for floor or wall decoration, in this article we will demonstrate how successful decorating ceilings with natural wood can be.

Advantages and disadvantages of wooden ceilings

The advantages of wooden ceilings:

Wood is an environmentally friendly material, and the impregnations used for its processing do not contain harmful substances. Due to this advantage, it can be used for finishing ceilings in the nursery;
Long service life, during which the decorative wooden ceiling will retain its original appearance. Subject to proper care, once you have installed the ceiling structure, you will not have to regularly put it in order. An important role in this is played by the use of a variety of mastics, antiseptics, impregnations and products of paint and varnish production;
Due to its low thermal conductivity, wood acts as an effective heat insulator. In addition, using wood as a material for finishing ceilings, you get the opportunity to install an additional layer of insulation;
Due to the high soundproofing qualities of wood, you can create the necessary acoustics in the room;
By finishing the walls and ceilings with wood, you will create a favorable microclimate in the room and an optimal level of humidity, which will create comfortable conditions for a person's stay;
Thanks to the wood-trimmed ceiling, the room acquires a special aesthetics and respectability inherent in natural materials. Wooden ceilings do not need painting - it is enough to varnish them.

Disadvantages of wooden ceilings:

Wooden ceilings need additional treatment with antiseptic impregnations, which will protect the wood from mold and prevent the formation of rot. In addition, woodworm beetles, destroying it, have a negative effect on wood;
Ceilings made of dry, aged wood are considered a risk factor for fire, and therefore require additional treatment with fire retardant mixtures;
The high cost of natural materials is another disadvantage of wooden ceilings, however, repair costs can be significantly reduced by doing DIY installation.

Wooden ceiling photo

Varieties of wood finishing materials: a brief description

The design of the ceiling surface largely depends on the type of finishing materials used. Today you can no longer find ceilings sheathed with a simple board - the construction market offers an abundance of wood finishing materials.

Consider the main varieties and their brief description:

Wooden panels- a collective concept that includes a number of finishing materials, each of which has a certain set of characteristics. Let's consider them in more detail.

Lining, which is also called "slab" or edged board, is a time-tested, versatile finishing material. It is a wooden board equipped with special grooves on both sides, which ensure a snug fit of adjacent elements to each other. Clapboard ceilings are characterized by smoothness, resistance to sudden temperature changes and high sound and heat insulation characteristics. They are usually made from certain types of wood: oak, beech, pine or linden. In the process of choosing a wood species, keep in mind that conifers emit resin during heating, and therefore, it is not recommended to use them for finishing wood ceilings;

Important! Lining, made from the core of the tree, is difficult to process and often cracks, but it has exceptional water-repellent characteristics;

The lining, made from the edge parts of the trunk, is much easier to handle and is practically not prone to cracking.

The range of use of the lining is quite wide - it is successfully used for cladding multi-level ceilings, which are designed to decorate space and highlight functional areas.

A type of lining made in accordance with European standards is euro lining... Unlike the domestic one, the eurolining differs in the principle of surface treatment. On the outside, the euromaterial is carefully polished and impregnated with special compounds, on the back surface there is a ventilation groove, through which moisture is also removed. In addition, the distinctive feature of Euro-lining is its precise dimensions, strict geometry of forms and a perfectly flat surface. In this regard, we can safely say that the lining does not need additional processing and can immediately be used for installing a wooden ceiling.
Ceiling block house is a wooden panel imitating a convex log surface. It is impregnated with antiseptics and fire retardants that reduce the flammability of the material. Using a block house for installation, you can make wood ceilings, the photo design of which will resemble an old log hut, folded from solid tree trunks. A block house is considered a fairly solid and high-quality material for decorating the ceiling surface;
Decorative panels- three-layer material for finishing the ceiling surface. Its layers are glued together in factories using the latest technologies, the main principles of which are the use of high temperature and pressure. The decorative panels are made up of three layers: an expensive top layer made from precious woods and two other layers, for which spruce or pine was used. In most cases, they are made to order, taking into account the size of a particular room;
MDF panels certainly not related to wood, however, they are great for imitating wood flooring. In addition, in view of their democratic cost, they are a popular budget repair option;
Wooden beams- finishing material with which you can emphasize the color of the room, focusing on its advantages. If you do not want to install solid wood beams, but want to use them as a decorative element, false beams are the best substitute for this material. In color, they can be in the tone of the general interior or in a contrasting shade.

Cladding boards- material made of natural wood, impervious to dirt, practically does not delaminate or crack. There are samples impregnated with wax - they are impervious to moisture, and therefore, they are used for cladding ceilings in a kitchen or bathroom.
Wood wallpaper- environmentally friendly material that creates a cozy natural atmosphere in the house. The use of natural wood for their manufacture is a new, promising step in their manufacture, the essence of which is to combine wood panels and traditional wallpaper. The unique combinatorial approach of these materials has made it possible to expand the possibilities of their use almost infinitely.

Let's consider the main features of wooden wallpaper:

Veneer wallpaper is one of the varieties of wood wallpaper, the thickness of which reaches 1.56 mm. For their manufacture, valuable wood is used by gluing veneer on paper wallpaper;
Cork wallpaper, supplied in rolls or sheets, is made from pressed cork. They are effective sound insulators, do not absorb foreign odors and are easy to clean from dirt.

Important! The use of wooden wallpaper is limited by its fire hazard and susceptibility to moisture, and therefore, it is not recommended to use it in the kitchen and especially in the bathroom.

Ceiling fillet is a decorative plinth made of wood, using which you can emphasize the design of a wooden ceiling and hide possible flaws in your work.

Unlike fillets made of other materials, wooden ones have a certain set of advantages, such as unique strength, long service life and natural color.

There are two types of wooden fillets:

Laminated;
Veneered.

Fillets are fastened using self-tapping screws equipped with decorative plugs, clips or "liquid" nails.

The wood species used for fillet production is another classification feature. In accordance with it, there are:

Pine fillet - soft material, pliable to mechanical processing. This allows you to expand the possibilities of self-decoration of the ceiling surface;
Linden fillet - a versatile material widely used for decorating premises for various purposes - from bedrooms to saunas;
Alder fillet - durable, light wood material that can be painted in any color.

Popular types of wooden ceilings

The most popular timber ceiling construction is the so-called wooden planked ceiling, which got its name due to the peculiarities of panel fastening. They are, as it were, "hemmed", that is, they are attached from below to the ceiling. In most cases, false ceilings are installed in houses with wooden floors, but they can also be found in residential buildings with concrete floors.

Taking into account the materials used, which were described above, the following types of wood ceilings are distinguished:

False ceiling made of lining and eurolining- a common way of arranging the ceiling surface, loved by most craftsmen due to the ease of installation. To equip such a ceiling, you will need a lining board made of various types of wood: pine, oak, linden and others. Fastening of the lining is carried out to the frame on the ceiling, and the docking is of the “thorn-groove” type;
Panel suspended ceiling in its design features, it is similar to the previous version, however, not boards are attached to the frame, but whole ceiling panels. Panel-type ceilings consist of multilayer wooden panels, veneered on the outside with valuable wood species;
Embossed false ceiling- another type of false ceilings, for the manufacture of which chipped timber is used. To install a relief ceiling, you will need a rectangular piece of wood, which is split along and fixed to the frame with the smooth side. The beams can also be fixed in such a way that the natural wood chips face the interior of the room. This will allow not only to recreate a unique ceiling pattern, but also to diversify the atmosphere of the room with notes of rustic comfort;
Wooden coffered ceilings- a special type of ceiling surface, the assembly of which is carried out using special box-shaped modules called caissons. Despite the fact that they are difficult to manufacture, they are the most effective option, appropriate in rooms decorated in a classic style.

Design options for wooden ceilings: we arrange correctly

Embossed and patterned designs

The most important principle of the installation of the original relief ceiling with patterns is the variety of options for the arrangement of the cladding parts, for example, at an angle, herringbone or cage. Thanks to this limitless fantasy field, the master gets the opportunity to create an unusual pattern that will match his taste and imagination.

The principle described above is the basis for the installation of a slatted ceiling made of wood, for the arrangement of which you will need small planks, slats, trimming of wooden boards. These elements are put together according to the principle of mosaics into complex patterns and ornaments. To facilitate the process of preparing complex ornaments, you can first draw up a plan of the ceiling structure on paper, and then transfer it to a plane.

Stretch ceiling

Often, masters come to the conclusion that in the process of designing a ceiling, natural wood is not enough and in these cases it is necessary to use additional finishing materials, which will diversify their design. In these cases, masters recommend paying attention to suspended and suspended ceilings made of wood. It is important to remember that stretch ceilings mounted on a wooden ceiling are stretching and securing the canvas.

Let's consider the basic principles of their installation:

An important stage in arranging a stretch ceiling is installation along the perimeter of the ceiling of a molding profile;

Without going into details, the next stage involves heating the unfolded and stretched canvas with a heat gun and fixing it at the corners of the profile after it becomes pliable. Cooling down, a strong tension of the film occurs, and it turns into an absolutely flat ceiling surface;

Important! Remember that the installation of stretch ceilings on a wooden ceiling can be carried out almost immediately, on new wooden ceilings, without waiting for their final drying.

Stretch ceiling can be supplemented with graceful portals and ledges, various additional wooden elements and exclusive relief beams, which will become an integral element in the design of a wooden ceiling.

Installing a wooden ceiling: a step-by-step guide

Preparation of the base and installation of the frame

If you have set yourself the goal of installing a ceiling made of wooden panels or boards, the first thing you need to start with is preparing the ceiling.
Before installing the ceiling frame, clean the ceiling slab by removing the remnants of the old finish;
In view of the high sensitivity of the wooden ceiling to waterlogging, if necessary, equip a waterproofing layer on top of the ceiling;
If the ceiling is made of wood, treat it with a fire retardant material, which will prevent its destruction by aggressive biological agents and increase its resistance to fire;
After you have cleaned the floor and prepared it for the further stages of arranging the ceiling, proceed with the installation of the frame, to which the wooden sheathing will be attached. For this:
Apply the markings on the floor to which the frame will be attached, while the marking step depends on the size of the finishing material used for cladding, whether it be wooden lining or veneered panels;
For the manufacture of the frame, experts recommend using beams with a size of 30 x 30 mm. Before installation, they must be impregnated with linseed oil or another composition that will prevent waterlogging and swelling.

Important! Remember that the bars that make up the frame must be fixed in the same plane. If the ceiling slabs are not even enough, which means that this is not possible, it is necessary to align the frame. To do this, wooden or plastic mounting wedges are knocked out under the bars.

For fixing the beams to the ceiling, use dowels with a metal sleeve or turboprop. After you have secured the bars of the frame, check its flatness again and, if necessary, re-adjust the screws of the fasteners.

Wood cladding

The final stage of the installation of a wooden ceiling is the sheathing of the frame with wooden clapboard or veneer panels.

Adjust the material prepared for cladding to the size of your ceiling;
Attach the panel or plank to the frame and use the nails designed for concealed fasteners to fix it to the beams. To increase the reliability of fastening the panel or lining, drive the nail into the groove not vertically, but at an angle;
In places that are subject to an increased load, make additional fastening of the lining with self-tapping screws, while partially sinking the caps of the self-tapping screws into the wood, and then masking them.

Important! In the process of fastening panels or lining between adjacent elements, it is important to leave a slight free space, which will allow the material to painlessly transfer temperature deformations without cracking and swelling.

The final stage of installing a wooden ceiling is impregnation with a protective compound and varnishing. It is also possible to paint wooden ceilings, however, for this, experts recommend choosing the cheapest material, since the paint will in any case hide the texture of the material, and the joints between adjacent elements do not need to be carefully putty.