How to plaster the walls yourself. How to plaster walls - educational program for beginners

How to plaster walls correctly

Today it has become fashionable to rent finished apartments for sale without interior decoration. The developer explains this by the possibility of self-realization on the part of the future owner. The owner of the new home will face additional expenses and renovation, impressive in its grandeur. That is why a happy newcomer just needs to know what is the best way to plaster the walls, so as not to experience problems with repairs later.

It is important to remember that the key to success is the correct plaster, and attention here must be paid to both the product itself, its quality and shelf life, and the process of applying it to the walls, that is, to be able to work with the tool. Before starting repair work, you must purchase:

• buchargu - a special hammer with teeth, with which notches should be applied;
• scraper for applying plaster to the walls;
• falcon - a device into which a portion of plaster is applied. It is used to facilitate labor in the process of distributing it along the walls;
• a spatula, used for mixing the solution, applying it to the walls and evenly distributing it;
• half-scraper - necessary for leveling and removing existing irregularities;
• construction float, with the help of which the plaster is trowelled and control over the uniformity of distribution;
• plumb / level - controls the horizontal distribution of the mixture.

Plaster application: secrets of success and application rules

The success of any undertaking is the observance of all the rules and recommendations, therefore, in order for the walls in the apartment to look smooth and pleasing to the eye, it is necessary to carefully look at specially created videos, which can be found by request: "how to plaster the walls of a video." If there is no time or opportunity to use the video instruction, you must follow the following tips and tricks:

• the surface of the wall that needs to be treated with plaster must first be cleaned of any contamination, in particular from dust;
• after that, the wall should be moistened with water, for which you can use a sprayer or a simple broom;
• if you have to work with a brick wall, then it should be remembered that in the existing seams you need to make indentations of about 1 cm.This maneuver will allow you to achieve the best adhesion of the plaster to the wall surface;
• in the event that the wall is made of concrete, smooth and without indentations, it is necessary to make notches on its surface with a length of about 15 mm and a depth of no more than 3 mm. Number of cuts: 250 / 1m2. After applying them, the wall must be cleaned with a brush and sprayed with water;
• working with a wooden wall involves laying boards on top and stuffing shingles. For this purpose, plywood trims are perfect, with the help of which you should create a diagonal lathing along the entire wall where the plaster is supposed to be applied. As a shingle, a regular mesh is used - a chain-link. It must be remembered that before stuffing it on the wall, you need to make a backing of plywood strips, a gap between the wall is required - at least 3mm.

Craftsmen and people who are simply experienced in this matter have created videos that allow you to see the entire process of preparation for applying plaster, so it is recommended to view them before starting work. It is not difficult to find them - we will plaster the walls with our own hands with a video and a clear example in front of our eyes.

Solution application technique: secrets of mastery

Start of work - the required amount of solution is collected into the falcon for distribution over the surface of the wall at a time. This must be done with a plaster spatula, and the solution should be taken by tilting it, moving from oneself to the center. For the convenience of work, only the hand is used. The movements are smooth, unhurried, the plaster should be applied to the wall quickly, but not abruptly, since you can simply spray it around. There is another way - spreading, but it should be remembered that it does not allow you to achieve the same high-quality adhesion to the wall as the previous one. It is important to remember that the consistency of the first layer, the so-called spatter, as well as its presence, depends on the type of wall. For example, if it is wooden, then spraying is necessary, the consistency of the solution is similar to sour cream, and the thickness is 1 cm, but in the case of concrete walls, it is recommended to skip this step altogether. The soil is the second layer, which resembles dough in structure, is necessary for leveling. Thickness no more than 2 cm is very important. The next layer - "cover" in consistency resembles sour cream. This is a finishing layer, the thickness of which varies from 2 to 5mm. It is important - for walls made of wood, it can be up to 2.5 cm, since it must completely cover the shingles. After that, the leveling stage begins, and it is carried out after the application of each layer. Here it is necessary to control the evenness so that later you do not have to redo everything. The grater is used for grouting in a circular motion. To remove the traces remaining on the surface, grout is used according to the "acceleration" method - with a float pressed to the surface, sharp movements should be made - swings.

Lighthouse plastering method: attention to detail

It is used if the walls have defects: irregularities, indentations, protrusions. Lighthouses should be selected based on the material used to make the walls:

• aluminum or steel are suitable for wooden and brick walls;
• plaster / gypsum - for concrete walls.

The technique of this type of work is perfectly described in thematic videos, therefore, for clarity, you need to type in the search engine the phrase "plaster walls for beginners video". The first step is to create a plumb line, for which a nail is driven into the top of the wall, on which the plumb line itself is hung. The distance from the corner is 20 cm. After that, a cement mortar is prepared, which should be applied, in small heaps, on the wall, focusing on the plumb line. There should be 3 of them, after which beacons are attached to them. Then the beacon is applied to the pile and pressed into it so that the edge protrudes 2 cm from the surface. At the opposite edge of the wall, a second beacon is installed using the same method. Fastening is done with concrete mortar. After the mixture has dried, plaster is applied with the obligatory filling of all existing cracks and irregularities. A layer of plaster mortar should protrude a couple of mm beyond the edges of the beacons. The layer is leveled with a rule and left for a period of complete drying, which can be up to 2 weeks. After this period, a final plastering should be carried out, and if it is not necessary, then work is done to apply a layer of putty.

How to plaster slopes: the secrets of skill

This stage is considered the most difficult and time-consuming in all work on plastering walls. Even craftsmen spend more time on repairing corners, openings and slopes than on all other actions. You can see how to properly plaster the walls of a video without any problems. Lighthouses will come to the rescue here too. In those places where the walls are in contact with each other, it is necessary to place a rule and cover the space above it with a plaster solution, after which it is necessary to wipe everything with a trowel. This will help correct existing imperfections and level the surface. Vertical spaces are plastered like this: a rule is attached to the lighthouse, and the voids between them are filled with mortar.

After that, you need to wait a while and remove the rule. If everything is done correctly, then you should get a perfectly flat strip of plaster mortar, without flaws and irregularities. Wait until it is completely dry. Exactly the same operation should be carried out at the top of the wall, resulting in an identical strip. They will serve as horizontal beacons in the future. Then plaster is applied to the rest of the empty space and carefully leveled against the strips of mortar.

In the case of work with protruding corners - bends, you need to nail a flat wooden plank onto the plastered opposite wall and fix it. This must be done so that it becomes possible to then level the solution along it. After that, plaster is applied and leveled until a perfectly smooth surface is obtained. It is necessary to wait a little, as before, until dry and carry out the grouting process using a grater. After checking the evenness of the work performed, you can remove the strips.

The better to plaster the walls: the complexity of the choice for the perfect result

It is necessary to take into account when choosing a mixture, which surface is to be treated with it. So for internal walls and partitions, the best option would be a lime mixture or with the addition of clay, you can also use a combination of concrete and lime, gypsum, clay and lime. Wood is an ideal material for gypsum-based plastering. For work on plastering external walls, lime mortar or cement-lime, as well as cement-clay are ideal.

Video how to plaster walls correctly

How and with what to plaster the walls and should it be done at all? This question is faced by everyone who makes repairs or is engaged in the construction of a house. However, this is a very important and crucial stage of finishing work, the quality of which will depend on the structure covered with plaster and the frequency of its repair. Entrust the work to specialists or complete the finishing yourself - it depends on your capabilities and time, more and more often the owners of the premises themselves get down to business. So what is the best way to plaster the walls?

Types and forms of plaster mixes

The construction market offers a wide range of dry and ready-made mixtures for finishing works. The advantage of ready-made solutions is convenience - you do not need to mix anything, opened the package and started working. But such material will cost more than the most common dry mixes, which must be prepared on their own. All packages of a semi-finished product have detailed instructions for preparing a working mixture, this process is not difficult, even an inexperienced user can handle it.

According to the material, plasters are divided into 2 main groups: cement and gypsum. Cement and cement-sand mortars are used for plastering external walls, facades, industrial premises. Gypsum is great for interior decoration.

Types by quality

• Simple. It is applied in several layers in rooms that do not require additional finishing. These are mainly cement and cement-sand mortars.
• Improved. It is used for decoration of residential, office and public premises. This is applied using a special technology in several stages, the composition of this mixture includes substances that improve the quality of the coating.
• High quality. As a rule, these are dry or ready-made decorative plaster compositions for the finishing smallest fraction using color and / and textured inclusions.

In modern decoration, a combined wall covering is used, when a base of a cement-sand composition is applied to a wall lined with bricks or blocks to level the surface, and a thinner gypsum plaster is laid on top of it for wallpaper or high-quality decorative as a top coat.

Do I need to plaster the walls?

There are many ways to make walls and rooms look neat and tidy. If the room has smooth walls and does not require leveling, as, for example, when you can do without major plastering, and limit yourself only to puttying and / or priming for wallpaper or painting.

Facades can also be finished in other ways (facing with facade bricks or installing ventilated systems: panels, tiles on profiles). If the walls were previously plastered, the condition of the coating is assessed. In old houses, the plaster layer is removed completely or in fragments and a new layer is applied, sometimes a cement-sand mixture of small thickness is applied on top to renew and level the surface for painting.

Who should be entrusted with plastering work?

Since the use of the services of professionals is not cheap (from 500 rubles / sq. M for cement and from 300 rubles / sq. M for gypsum plaster), therefore we plaster the walls with our own hands, if time permits. Plus it will help you keep your budget.

Stages of work

To begin with, we determine with what solution it is more rational to plaster the walls in a particular case:

• For facades and external walls, it is advisable to use cement and cement-sand mortars. After hardening, such surfaces tolerate well the harmful external influences of rain, high temperature drops, snow, and mechanical shock. Often plastered walls are covered with facade paints, then the building becomes neat and elegant, but here it is important to choose a high-quality paint that will also be resistant to external influences.
• Compositions of cement and sand are also suitable for interior decoration. If the room is industrial, then the plastered walls are not subjected to additional finishing.

Walls in apartments and offices are covered with cement-sand mortar at the stage of construction or major repairs, when it is necessary to hide large irregularities arising from uneven laying of blocks or bricks. As a rule, such a coating serves as the basis for:

• Insulation of walls, corners.
• Further filling with plaster compounds.
• Wallpapering.

We figured out the best way to plaster the walls in specific conditions.

Preparation of material and tools

Before starting work, it is necessary to stock up on the necessary set of tools and materials so that during the work process there are no difficulties and hiccups. For work you will need:

• Dry mixture and water or ready-made solution.
• A drill with a mixer attachment for mixing the mixture.
• Measuring instrument for water and a steelyard.
• Plaster mesh to ensure the rigidity of a thick layer (in basements, facades).
• Dowels, self-tapping screws for fixing the mesh on the wall.
• Lighthouses (special profiles for even application of mortar over the entire plane of the wall).
• Metal scissors for cutting mesh and lighthouses.
• Tape measure for precise measurement of dimensions and distances between beacons.
• Bubble level and plumb bob with string.
• Perforator for drilling holes for dowels.
• Construction pencil (thickened) for marking.
• A trowel for throwing the mortar on the wall (for manual throwing).
• The rule for leveling the bulk of the solution between the beacons.
• A set of spatulas for leveling plaster.
• A scraper for leveling the cement-sand finishing layer.
• Hand protection gloves.
• Clock for keeping track of time between mixes and mortar setting.

Work surface preparation

After you have decided how to plaster the walls, you should start preparing the walls for the work process. Before starting work, the wall must be thoroughly cleaned of dust, dirt, extraneous and protruding elements. If the surface turns out to be flat and smooth, it is necessary to make notches for better adhesion of the mortar to the wall.

Fastening the plaster mesh

In basements, where additional insulation and the application of a thick layer are required, a plaster mesh is attached to the primed base. It prevents the formation of cracks when the building shrinks and prevents the mortar from spreading.

There are several ways of attaching the mesh to the wall, but the most affordable in home use is this: the dowels are connected with a wire in a Z-shape, this ensures the most snug fit to the working surface. The dowel-nails are fixed in increments of about 15 cm. Fastening is done from the bottom up.

In addition, the mesh is fixed with finely chopped pieces of a metal beacon: 2 cm long profile fragments are screwed to the mesh with self-tapping screws. In this case, trims of the lighthouse serve as substitutes for dowel-nails.

Exposing lighthouses

This procedure will ensure that the mortar is evenly applied over the entire plane of the wall.

The distance between adjacent beacons should be a few centimeters less than the length of the rule.

The marking starts from the corner at a distance of 15-20 cm. Holes for the dowels are made on the drawn vertical line. Further, using a level or a plumb line, the dowels are placed on the screws in one plane so that the wall turns out to be even without drops.

Further, on the line between the fasteners, a small amount of solution is applied to fix the beacons, then by pressing the rule, the beacon is installed in the caps of the screws. The protruding solution is smeared or removed. After installing several beacons, check the evenness of the installation. After a few hours, the wall is ready for plastering.

Wall plastering technology

Consider how to plaster the walls with cement mortar. Prepare the solution according to the instructions on the package. To do this, we use a steelyard and a measure for water in order to accurately observe the proportions of substances. Mixing is done with a drill with a mixer.

We plaster the walls along the lighthouses like this: using a trowel, we throw the mortar on the wall evenly over the entire plane and using the rule we level it. Using spatulas, we correct minor irregularities. If it is required to apply a large layer of mortar, it is necessary to do this in several stages in thinner layers, otherwise the thick layer to be laid will fall off or drain.

If no further finishing is expected, it is advisable to grout. To do this, the same solution is diluted with water to a creamy state, applied to dried plaster and rubbed with a trowel.

If it means subsequent finishing (puttying or immediately gluing wallpaper), the dried plaster surface is cleaned with sandpaper to remove possible irregularities and traces of spatulas and primed with special compounds.

The given technology describes how to plaster the walls with cement-sand mortar. Other types of plastering coatings are applied in a similar manner.

Gypsum plasters

Now let's look at how to plaster a wall with gypsum-based plaster.

Unlike cement mortar, gypsum plaster is more often used as a finishing layer in decoration, since it has a finer fraction and gives the walls an even, well-groomed look, it can be colored and textured.

Also, gypsum plaster can be applied as a base for further finishing directly on the lined wall. In this case, the application technology remains the same: surface cleaning, priming, placing beacons, applying mortar. Gypsum compositions are applied more easily than cement ones, this work is easy to cope with. Basically, gypsum plasters are sold in the form of dry mixes, the preparation of the working composition should not cause difficulties - detailed instructions are attached everywhere.

More often, with gypsum plasters, a thin filling of the cement-sand layer is performed, having previously primed it.

We also plaster the walls with our own hands with decorative compositions. Especially if you want to give the walls a unique pattern. There are special plastic compositions with which you can apply a variety of textures and ornaments.

The choice is yours

How to plaster the walls is everyone's personal choice. The most important thing when choosing a material is to take into account the conditions in which it will have to serve, so that there are no problems during operation. As you can see, cement mortars are versatile and can serve anywhere, but for interior decoration they often require additional coating. Walls with cement-sand cladding are guaranteed to withstand various suspended structures. Gypsum plaster will give your wall a neat, smoother look, it is easier to apply, but if chosen as the base coat it can be difficult to hang cabinets due to the softness of the gypsum, although it will stand up to the painting.

In any case, the plastered surface always serves for a long time, this method of finishing any walls and premises is the simplest and most versatile. How to plaster walls - choose wisely!

Performing any in a private house or in an apartment, every home craftsman is faced with the need to plaster the walls. If he is not new to this business, then such work will not pose any problems. But what about those for whom this action is full of suspense? In fact, the process is extremely simple, and today we will try to prove it. After all, only at first glance, everything seems rather complicated - to align the walls, corners. Today we will provide a beginner master with a video on how to plaster walls for a beginner with his own hands, as well as acquaint with the advice of professionals. After all, they once did such work for the first time.

If we think in general, then the question of what is the difference between plaster and, you can answer this way ... in our time, you can hardly find any differences! Modern plaster mixes practically do not require "finishing" processing. Although, in fairness, it is worth noting that after finishing with a finishing putty, the surface is still smoother.

Important advice! When in doubt about what to apply, it is best to determine how thick the layer will be on the surface. Up to 10 mm it is quite possible to use a putty, over 10 mm - only plaster.

How to plaster walls correctly: technology and some nuances

In order for everything to work out as planned, it is necessary to observe the rules when plastering the walls, which we will now talk about. The main task is to prepare the surface for work, which may differ depending on the material of the wall or ceiling. For example, an operation such as "reinforcement" for a wooden wall is limited to the packing of laths in the form of a net called shingles. For concrete surfaces, notches of at least 3 mm in depth are required. Well, a brick wall requires a sample of the mortar from the seams for the same 3 mm.

Also, the preparation process includes cleaning and priming the walls. After all, no one wants all the work done to come to naught. It is the primer that provides good adhesion. It seems to hold together the remnants of dust that could not be swept from the surface. Moreover, if a deep penetration soil is used, then the adhesion will be better.

It is the preparation that is the stage at which all the masters converge, we will dwell on it in more detail. But the plaster itself is done differently by each of the masters. The fact is that each of those who at the moment is a professional in their field, at the beginning of their work, tried many methods and only then settled on one that is convenient for him. We hope that in today's article we will be able to talk about many of them. Of course, they have no fundamental differences, but they diverge in details. We offer the dear reader another video showing how walls:

What tool is needed for plastering walls

Let's try to figure it out. Do not forget that you need to prepare the surface for work. So, in addition to the plasterer, something else is useful to us. But it all depends on the surface with which you have to work. As for the tool, namely the plasterer, here you need to have the following on hand:

Of course, one should not forget about plaster mixes.

How to knead a solution from a dry mix

This action usually does not raise any special questions, but still it is impossible not to mention it. When buying a mixture, you should pay attention to the manufacturer's instructions on the package. There is no single recipe for making plaster. After all, each of the manufacturers adds their own ingredients. All that is required for mixing is water. And how much to add it is already written in the instructions. After adding water, the mixture is stirred and left for a while. After, having mixed again, you can already plaster the walls with your own hands with it.

Important! Correct mixing of the plaster is a very important part of a good result. That is why you cannot add more or less water to the mixture than indicated by the manufacturer. If the mass is too thick, it will be impossible to apply the plaster evenly. If it is liquid, it will simply flow down during drying.

How important is the preparation of walls for plastering and how to perform it

Preparing walls for plastering is quite an important point. You need to understand that with poor preparation, there is the possibility of plaster flaking after a certain time. Surely no one wants to see a crumbling wall along with or in a month or two after the completion of the repair.

It is very important that the wall is clean, free of various dust and dirt. We have already talked about notches and shingles - this will allow the plaster to adhere better. Some experts say that it is enough to simply moisten the surface before applying the mixture, but this is not the case. Applying a primer will create much better adhesion. And its cost is low, which means that it will not break through a big gap in the budget.

Important! For a regular rough brick, you can purchase a simple primer, but for a foam block and other porous surfaces, it is better to choose a deep penetration composition.

How to plaster walls with your own hands without lighthouses: video instructions and some tips

It is clear that everyone wants to have perfect walls. But it is not always justified to align them with the beacons. Indeed, for example, it is enough to ensure that the surfaces are visually aligned. It is then that the need for such plastering appears.

The most optimal option for its implementation is when the home craftsman has no experience, he has time, and perfect evenness is not required. It is then that you can do the plastering of the walls without beacons with your own hands. This is a very complicated matter. Even not all experienced craftsmen agree to take on such work. And to make it more clear to the novice master how to level the walls without lighthouses, we offer another video on this topic:

How to plaster walls on lighthouses with your own hands: video and some of the nuances of work

Plastering the walls along the lighthouses is much easier. But here a rather painstaking and difficult task arises - this is to set the lighthouses ideally in level and plumb lines. Remember that if they are not in the same plane, then ideal walls will not work. The fact is that when plaster is applied, it is along them, like on rails, that the rule will move, creating a flat surface between them. In order to make it clearer, we suggest that the dear reader watch a video about aligning the walls along the lighthouses with your own hands:

Surely many have understood how to do this. In general, for beginners, it is much more useful to watch videos of plaster on lighthouses than to listen to someone's advice (although if they are given by professionals, you should not brush it off either). That is why there are so many videos in our article today. But nevertheless, let us say that without desire and diligence, it is unlikely that something will work out.

How to properly expose beacons under the plaster: some of the nuances

Placing lighthouses under plaster is a complex process that requires care and accuracy. There are two methods of doing this work - these are:

• Plaster of Paris- the most common;
• On special mounts- the method is less common, but not because it is worse (rather the opposite). It's just that such a method appeared relatively recently, and experienced craftsmen perform installation on plaster rather out of habit.

Let's take a quick look at both of these methods.

Installation on gypsum is performed as follows. A densely mixed gypsum mixture is applied to the wall in small slides along a line from top to bottom. Any distance between them can be made, but it should be borne in mind that the larger it is, the higher the danger of bending the beacons during the leveling of the plaster with the rule. In this case, the surface may be uneven.

Next, the lighthouse is glued to plaster of Paris along a plumb line or level. This action is performed on both sides of the wall. After that, it is better to wait for the gypsum under the two main beacons to dry, and only then install the rest. Although the professionals set the guides all at once. Plastering can be done after the gypsum is completely dry.

Well, the second way will be easier to understand by watching a rather short but informative video:

What materials are better to use for this kind of work

Nowadays, the assortment of various mixes for plaster is quite extensive and it is difficult to advise something specific. The choice will depend mainly on the surface and financial capabilities. However, for beginners, it will be most convenient to use the Rotband mixture. But this is only if the area and layer thickness are not too large. This mixture cannot be called cheap. But in work, she shows herself perfectly, lays down smoothly and easily. Although, in fact, this is the same gypsum, with only one difference - quite high quality and containing various quality-improving additives.

In general, the better to plaster the walls in the apartment - everyone decides for himself. Many even use the usual cement-sand mixture. Although this option is not bad because of its cheapness. You can fill your hand on it, and after that you can switch to more expensive plaster. In addition, if a novice home craftsman learns to work with, then "Rotband" will generally be able to work wonders. Consider the areas of application of some of the cheapest mixtures, their positive and negative qualities.

How to plaster walls with cement mortar with your own hands: video tutorial and some features of work

Plastering technologies with different compositions practically do not differ. After installing the beacons, it is necessary to check that all the material is at hand. Agree, it will not be very pleasant if you periodically have to be distracted by this or that little thing.

After wetting the surface between the two beacons with water or a primer, we begin to fill the gap with the ready-made solution. To do this, you can use a bucket or a simple trowel. The mortar is poured onto the wall starting from the bottom. When the gap between the beacons is full, the rule comes into play. Leaning it on the guides, we begin to lift it up, while moving it left and right. Thus, the mortar is leveled, creating a smooth surface. If necessary, in places where pits have formed, add mixtures and repeat all actions.

For clarity, we suggest that the dear reader watch a training video on the topic of plastering walls with cement mortar on lighthouses:

How to plaster walls with gypsum plaster: video instructions for work

The technology for leveling walls with gypsum plaster is completely identical. However, there is one nuance in working with such solutions - they freeze rather quickly. And if the cement-sand mortar can be used within 2-3 hours, then the gypsum plaster begins to dry in 20-25 minutes.

Important information! In no case should the already dried gypsum be diluted with water. This will lead to the fact that it will dry out worse and subsequently collapse. For this reason, if the master does not have enough experience, he should be bred a little.

Gypsum is a little easier to work with and it is quite convenient to fill the voids with it. But it should be remembered that you should not "throw" too much solution. Otherwise, it can collapse under its own weight, preventing the master from leveling it. It is also important to use a reinforcing mesh with a layer of more than 20 cm. In this case, it will be convenient to "sketch" a small layer of gypsum and draw the rule along the lighthouses. If there are surpluses, the rule will remove them, but it should not touch the main part. After that, you need to let the solution dry and then finish the work.

If you still have any questions, the following video should answer them:

Features of finishing plaster walls with your own hands: video and some of the nuances

The production of finishing plaster walls for painting or wallpaper is the most important part of the job. No matter how smooth the wall may seem at first glance, after priming and painting, scratches and roughness will be visible on it. To eliminate them, there are special mixtures, which are often called fillers. With the help of them, you can achieve perfect smoothness. In order to understand what is the finishing procedure for wallpaper, we suggest watching a training video:

How to plaster walls with your own hands for a beginner: video on applying the mixture to various surfaces

In general terms, we figured out how to plaster the walls with our own hands. Now it's worth learning about some of the nuances of this work. To begin with, we will analyze the areas of application of plaster mixes with their average cost in the Russian markets.

These are the most common mixes for plaster, but in fact there are much more of them. Moreover, they are all suitable for both

Self-plastering of walls- this is a simple process, it is only important to correctly execute the entire technology. If earlier this method was used to exclude the ingress of moisture into the room and the subsequent “dilution of dampness”, to increase the sound and thermal insulation, today the plaster also performs a decorative function.

Agree, even if this is not textured plaster, and the solution was used exclusively for sealing seams and leveling folds, the general appearance of painted or wallpaper-pasted walls looks much neater. The walls are plastered, as a rule, after the foundation has shrunk, that is, about a year or two after the construction of the building.

Plastering walls correctly is the job of applying multiple layers of plaster. One, but a massive layer is indispensable. This is due to the fact that a thick layer of mortar does not have time to set and slips.

Preparation of mortar for plaster

The first thing to do if you decide to plaster the walls with your own hands is to prepare the solution and the surface on which it will be applied.

To prepare the walls for plastering, you need:

• hammer pick;
• notched hammer (an ax can replace it);
• boot knife;
• putty knife.

To prepare the solution directly, you will need:

• box;
• container for water;
• sieve for sifting sand and dry mixes;
• sieve for filtering the solution;
• scoop;
• shovel.

It is important to choose the right solution. It always includes three main components:

• astringent material;
• aggregate;
• water.

When mixing all components, it is important to maintain the correct proportion so that the work is not in vain. The fact is that in the absence of fillers, binders, after drying, begin to crack and crumble.

As for the liquid, to prepare the working solution, it is necessary to use only clean drinking water (in no case mineral) and in such an amount that the resulting mass is similar in consistency to the dough.

The choice of aggregates and binders depends not only on the type of surface to be plastered, but also on the operating conditions and durability of the structure.

Capturing and applying plaster mortar

After the solution is prepared and the wall is primed, you can start plastering the walls. This procedure is performed in stages with a certain time interval.

1. The first layer is called splashing;
2. second - priming;
3. third - cover.

Sometimes the primer is applied twice. Its total thickness on the walls is, as a rule, 1, 5-2, 0 centimeters.

You can level the external or internal brick wall using metal guides

The solution can be applied in two ways:

• throwing;
• spreading.

Smearing- a simpler process in its technology, but this method can only be applied to thick solutions. Any composition of any consistency can be sketched, but this is somewhat more difficult for a beginner, since it requires certain dexterity and skills.

Throwing method the first layer of plaster is applied, the so-called spray. The creamy solution flows well into irregularities, reliably adheres to them and holds all subsequent layers of plaster on the surface. After the spray has hardened, the primer is applied directly. A mass similar in consistency is either thrown onto the dough with a trowel and leveled, or spread with a falcon.

Plaster leveling

The wider the trowel, the smoother your wall will be.

As a rule, the spatter does not have to be leveled. The exception is those cases when protruding clots of solution form on the surface, which must be removed.

But the ground must be leveled. This is done either by the rule (in the case of throwing the solution with a trowel), or with the help of a falcon. The latter occurs when the solution is applied by the same falcon. The leveling process in this case is similar to the process of spreading the soil, only the primer is no longer put on it, and the pressure on the tool is done depending on which plane it is necessary to level the solution.

Applying a top coat of plaster

After the primer has been applied (if necessary, it can be several layers), it must be allowed to grab, and then walk over it with a brush dipped in water.

Only then can the finishing layer of plaster be applied - a cover. It is important here that there are no coarse sand particles in the mortar itself, since they can leave falling streaks behind when grouting and smoothing.

Step-by-step instruction

1. Apply a covering solution with a trowel, and use a trowel for leveling.
2. The latter make undulating movements from bottom to top.
3. When the cover layer is a little dry, but not completely dry yet, they begin to rub it with a grater.
4. Pressing this tool tightly to the surface, it is moved in circles, while the existing tubercles are cut off, and the solution removed in this way will fall into the recesses, leveling the plastered surface.

Working with decorative plaster

Decorative plaster will replace wallpaper and is a very aesthetic and durable solution.

Plastering the walls with your own hands can be done not only in order to remove any defects in the walls, improve their heat and sound insulation properties, and avoid dampness and moisture entering the room.

Decorative plaster used for design purposes is sold as dry mixes in containers.

1. All that needs to be done with it is, in accordance with the instructions, to dilute with water and mix thoroughly.
2. It is recommended to prime the walls the day before.
3. After the plaster can be applied to the surface.
4. How to do this, in which direction and with what movements - depends solely on the desired result, on what kind of relief and what pattern you would like to see in the future.
5. It may be necessary to make a markup before applying the solution (this is required in order to obtain a certain relief, a pattern repeating at approximately an equal distance).
6. If desired, you can add a little color (paint) to the plaster, or you can paint it after drying in the desired color.

When applying decorative plaster, a perfectly flat surface is usually not required. It hides small defects, but you still need to get rid of large irregularities!

Wall plastering is a method of leveling the surface for further final wall finishing.

It makes it possible to make a solid surface on which it will be convenient to carry out finishing work - paint it beautifully and with high quality, or lay out a pattern, even a figured one.

Today, in the methodology of modern construction work, as many different modern technologies are used.

However, plastering the walls with your own hands was and remains one of the proven and effective methods of preparatory work.

Specificity of plastering walls

Based on what raw materials the walls are made for plastering, where, in what place they are, different plastering material and a different method of application are used. And in order to get a solution for plastering walls with your own hands, proportions are important.

Brick wall

• a brick wall is made with your own hands from plaster using grout, its base is cement. If construction work is carried out outside a building or house, or there is increased air humidity, lime can be added to such a solution for greater plasticity. If in the process of work questions arise, then how to do the plastering of walls with cement mortar with your own hands will help the video, which can be found on the Internet.
• a layer of mortar is placed on the wall itself, no more than 30 mm thick. If it is necessary to make the layer larger, then a mesh is attached - a chain-link, which will increase the bearing capacity of the structure, keep the mixture on the wall, and prevent it from cracking.
• in order to obtain a cement-sand composition, the proportion must be observed - 1 part of cement and 3 parts of river sand. Mix everything with a little water, make a thick and soft putty.
• and, to make it cement-lime, you need 1 part of cement, 2 lime, 6 parts of river sand. Initially, the sand must be mixed with cement powder, then we add diluted lime there, and mix until a thick homogeneous state.

Concrete wall

• If the concrete surface is relatively smooth, then to obtain the desired roughness it will be enough to add quartz inclusions to the primer. It is also recommended to use gypsum powder, which will give the necessary adhesion of the mixture to the surface. Gypsum is quickly diluted with water, then lime is added, and everything is mixed until a homogeneous mass is obtained.
• when the plane does not need preparation, then it can be worked with ordinary gypsum or cement plaster compositions, having previously treated it with a primer, for example, from volma.

Aerated concrete wall

• before doing plastering, such a gas block is recommended to be prepared by treating the block surfaces with a special deep-action impregnation and attaching a special fiberglass mesh to the wall. In practice, a foam block and expanded clay block wall is often used.
• such a wall sufficiently accepts both cement and gypsum mixture. In the future, foam and expanded polystyrene can be used for insulation.

How the composition is correctly selected in order to level and plaster the surface, to achieve the desired connection of the solution to the wall, also depends on how the finishing work will be done in the future. You can buy ready-made mixtures at an affordable price, including a drawing, a diagram and this manual for use in detail. Their cost is different, they can cost both a budget and a more expensive option.

Advice: Recently, Knauf building mixes have been widely used, namely gypsum plaster rotband and dry mix of rotband.

Types of coatings

According to modern building codes and regulations SNiP III-21-73, in parallel with the CPF today, three main types of coatings can be distinguished:

Low quality

Plastering walls is allowed mainly in non-residential and outdoor premises, you can also process a balcony or garage. Deviations from the norm in a coarse mixture are allowed within the size of 3 mm per 1 meter, and an uneven contour can have a depth of up to 5 mm. Finish the surface with the most common starting mortar.

Middle

In this case, the rules and regulations for the coating are strict: non-compliance with the standards is allowed within 2 mm per 1 m. The curve can allow a depth of no more than 3 mm. With such a decorative look, you can process the facade in any house, the walls of a bathroom or kitchen for further finishing work in the form of marble or bark beetle.

High

Here are the conditions and requirements for the highest class. Displacements in parameters should not be more than 1 mm per 1 m, and the depth of irregularities should not be more than 2 mm. This type of processing is used in the case when it is not a rough, but a final version of the interior. Paint will fall on it, you can glue any wallpaper or tiles. For example, in new buildings they successfully practice unusual finishing in the Venetian style, embossed plaster with painting, artistic molding of any color, a stone facade, expanded clay and clay embankments in the courtyards, a basement of a building with a laser pattern, a tiled sidewalk.

What tools are needed

To perform plastering work, the master must have with him special equipment, the necessary tools, and fixtures:

1. Putty, primer, hl;
2. Dowels, painting beacons, wood;
3. Hammer, grinder, circle;
4. Perforator machine with mixer, hopper plaster gun;
5. Wooden or laser building level, tape measure, timber;
6. Thread, cotton wool, marker, glue;
7. Mineral wool, wide spatula, paint brushes, textured and regular roller.

Also, when performing work, a specialist must have appropriate clothing, headwear, mittens.

Preparatory stage and marking

In practice, several stages of surface plastering are determined. Only with full observance of certain rules and a simple sequence of execution, it is possible to obtain a first-class wall covering, on which any finish can be applied.

Preparatory stage.

1. First you need to remove the old coating. You need to get rid of everything that is on the walls - wallpaper, decor in the form of a fur coat, paint, clay. If the starting layer of the plaster is strong, it is left.
2. Then the entire plane is tapped to find the gaps. If there are any, they are sealed with a small portion of putties, or use a cement-sand mortar.
3. All unnecessary parts that are taken out, removed and treated with a special anti-corrosion agent.

How to markup.

To begin with, you need to understand how smooth the walls are in the room, whether they correspond to the template. This must be done with a level, applying it to various areas. If large irregularities are found, they can be removed by machine - with a grinder, but if they are small, the machine is not needed, just clean and cover with putty.

Next, a breakdown is applied for painting beacons. They begin the process from the inner corners of the building, stepping back 30 cm from them, and drawing lines from floor to ceiling. Then we move another 160cm from this line and draw the next one, and so on until the wall ends. At the points we drill and fix the dowels. We pull a thin cord from corner to corner, as a result, we get two parallel straight lines. The cord should cross the rest of the vertical lines, where we make marks with dowels. If everything is done with a stencil, you get two rows of holes in one line. For beginners, the answers to their questions about plastering the corners of the walls with their own hands will be prompted by the video on the repair sites.

Priming and plastering areas

The priming stage is no less important in the repair, it depends on how long the treated surface will last, which can later be painted, insulated on it, and used for facade work. It is applied to the entire surface in two stages, not mechanized. After applying the first layer, an interval of three hours is given, then another layer is applied and allowed to dry.

In order to further achieve the desired effect, plastering of the entire surface is done after the entire soil layer has dried out. If at the base of the wall there is a gas silicate or aerated block brick, cinder block, or the walls are made of a foam block, or gas silicate, or it is expanded clay concrete, it is recommended to moisten the wall with water before starting. These materials absorb water strongly, and if the wall is poorly wetted, the plaster will crack and fall off.

Then the plaster solution is applied to the wall, as it is convenient for the master, then with quick movements using a special device - an aluminum rule, it is stretched over the entire surface until smooth. Subject to all the subtleties and rules, the finishing plaster of the walls with your own hands will look like an interesting and beautiful design of a room of the desired shape.

Tip: Using this technology, you can also patch up a slope in the house, on the outside and outside, using a plasterboard sheet, which will create an imitation of the ideal surface and decorate the building.

Sometimes, during repair work, a separate piece of plaster may fall out. You can repair the wall with the fallen pieces of plaster with your own hands. You should adhere to the sequence in the repair work in order to correct this incident.

Along with the advantages of plastering walls with your own hands, there are a number of certain disadvantages.

Based on the foregoing, we can conclude that when plastering any surface with your own hands, you can achieve the desired result only if you follow all the sequences and recommendations in construction work.

Plastering walls

Today, on the Internet, both a novice specialist and a master repairman will be able to find answers to many questions regarding any aspects of repair. For example, for experienced craftsmen, an article about plastering walls with a do-it-yourself finish video will be interesting. And a beginner beginner will give a step-by-step overview of plastering walls with his own hands, detailed and complete instructions. These and many other useful tips, lessons and photos and recommendations are presented on the websites of experienced finishers, where everything is described step by step.